Part 15
2461. We find a similar proverb in the _Historie de Melusine, tirée des Chroniques de Poitou_, &c. 12mo. Par. 1698, in which (at p. 72) Thierry, Duke of Bretagne, says to Raimondin;-- “Vous autorisez par votre silence _notre Proverbe_, qui dit, _Qu’un vieux peché fait nouvelle vergogne_.”
2513. _Sket was seysed_, &c. Comp. the Fr. l. 971.
Apres cest fet, ad receu Le regne q’a son piere fu.
2516.
_And the king ful sone it yaf Vbbe in the hond, wit a fayr staf._
So in _Sir Tristrem_:
Rohant he yaf _the wand_, And bad him sitte him bi, That fre; ‘Rohant lord mak y To held this lond of me.’ --fytte i. st. 83; p. 52.
The editor is clearly mistaken in explaining the _wand_ to be a _truncheon_, or _symbol of power_. For the custom of giving seisin or investiture _per fustim_, and _per baculum_, see Madox’s _Formul. Anglican._ pref. p. ix. and Spelman, Gloss. in v. _Investire_, and _Traditio_. The same usage existed in France, _par rain et par baton_.
2521.
_----of monekes blake A priorie to seruen inne ay._
The allusion here may be made either to the Abbey of Wellow, in Grimsby, which was a monastery of _Black Canons_, said to have been built about A.D. 1110, or (what is more probable) to the Augustine Friary of Black Monks, which is stated in the _Monumental Antiquities of Grimsby_, by the Rev. G. Oliver, to have been “founded _about_ the year 1280,” p. 110. No notice of it occurs in Tanner till the year 1304. Pat. 33 Edw. I. Some old walls of this edifice, which was dissolved in 1543, still remain, and the site is still called “The Friars.” If the connection between this foundation and the one recorded in the poem be considered valid, the date of the composition must be referred to _rather_ a later period than we wish to admit.
2530. The French supplies what is here omitted, viz. that Havelok sails to England by the persuasion of his wife.
[Indeed, ll. 979-1006 of the French text may serve to fill up the evident gap in the story; a translation of the passage is added, to shew this more clearly.
Quant Haueloc est rois pussanz, Le regne tint plus de .iiii. an Merueillos tresor i auna.
When Havelok is a mighty king, He reigned more than 4 years, Marvellous treasure he amassed.
Argentille li commanda Qu’il passast en Engleterre Pur son heritage conquerre, Dont son oncle l’out engettée, [Et] A grant tort desheritée.
Argentille (Goldborough) bade him Pass into England To conquer her heritage, Whence her uncle had cast her out, And very wrongly disinherited her.
Li rois li dist qu’il fera Ceo qu’ele li comandera. Sa nauie fet a-turner, Ses genz & ses ostz mander.
The king told her that he would do That which she should command him. He got ready his fleet, And sent for his men and his hosts.
En mier se met quant orré a, Et la reyne od lui mena. Quatre vinz & quatre cenz Out Haueloc, pleines de genz.
He puts to sea when he has prayed, And took the queen with him. Four score and four hundred (ships) Had Havelok, full of men.
Tant out nagé & siglé, Q’en Carleflure est ariué. Sur le hauene se herbergerent, Par le pais viande quierent.
So far has he steered and sailed That he has arrived at Carleflure. Hard by the haven they abode, And sought food in the country round.
Puis enuoia li noble rois, Par le consail de ses Danois, A Alsi qu’il li rendist La terre qe tint Ekenbright, Q’a sa niece fut donée, Dont il l’out desheritée;
Then sent the noble king, By the advice of his Danes, To Alsi (Godrich)--that he should restore to him The land that Ekenbright (Athelwold) held, Which was given to his niece, And of which he had deprived her.
Et, si rendre n’el voleit, Mande qu’il le purchaceroit. Av roi uindrent li messager--
And, if he would not give it up, He sends word that he will take it. To the king came the messengers.]
The remainder of the French poem altogether differs in its detail from the English.
2927. _Hire that was ful swete in bedde._] Among Kelly’s Scotch Proverbs, p. 290, we find: “_Sweet in the bed_, and sweir up in the morning, was never a good housewife;” and in a ballad of the last century quoted by Laing, the editor of that highly curious collection, the _Select pieces of Ancient Popular Poetry of Scotland_, we meet with the same expression:
A Clown is a Clown both at home and abroad, When a Rake he is comely, and _sweet in his bed_.
[2990. The last word is written _thit_ in the MS., but, as it rimes to _rith_, we should suppose _tiht_ to be the word meant. _Thit_ cannot be explained, but _tiht_ (or perhaps _tith_, according to our scribe’s spelling) is the pp. of a verb signifying _to purpose_, which is the exact meaning required. Cf.
“And y to turne to þee have _tiȝt_;” i.e. “I have resolved to turn to thee.”
_Political, Religious, and Love Poems_; ed. Furnivall, 1866; p. 177.]
GLOSSARIAL INDEX.
ABBREVIATIONS.
Barb. Barbour’s Bruce. --Chauc. Chaucer. --Doug. Gawin Douglas’s Transl. of the Æneid. --Ellis, M. R. Ellis’s Specimens of Metrical Romances. --Gl. Glossary. --Jam. Jamieson’s Dictionary. --Laȝam. Laȝamon’s Transl. of Wace (ed. Madden). --Lynds. Sir D. Lyndsay’s Works. --N.E. Northern English. --Percy, A. R. Percy’s Reliques of Ancient English Poetry. --P. Plowm. Piers Plowman. --R. Br. Robert of Brunne. --R. Gl. Robert of Gloucester, ed. Hearne (2nd ed. 1810). --Rits. A. S. Ritson’s Ancient Songs. --Rits. M. R. Ritson’s Metrical Romances. --Sc. Scotch, Scotland. --Sir Tr. Sir Tristrem. --Wall. Wallace. --Web. Weber’s Metrical Romances. --Wilb. Wilbraham’s Cheshire Glossary. --Wynt. Wyntoun’s Chronicle. --B. Lat. Barbarous Latin. --Belg. Belgic. --Fr. French. --Isl. Islandic. --Lat. Latin. --S. Saxon. --Sibb. Sibbald’s Chronicle of Scottish Poetry. --Su. G. Suio-Gothic. --Teut. Teutonic. --_q.v._ Quod vide. --The Romances separately cited are sufficiently indicated by the Titles. The numbers refer to the line of the Poem.
It may be useful to add that the names of the Romances edited by Ritson are-- vol. i. Ywaine and Gawin; Launfal. --vol. ii. Lybeaus Disconus; King Horn; King of Tars; Emare; Sir Orpheo; Chronicle of England. --vol. iii. Le bone Florence; Erle of Tolous; Squyr of Lowe Degre; Knight of Curtesy. Those edited by Weber are-- vol. i. Kyng Alisaunder; Sir Cleges; Lai-le-freine. --vol. ii. Richard Cœur de Lion; Ipomydon; Amis and Amiloun. --vol. iii. Seuyn Sages; Octouian; Sir Amadas; Hunting of the Hare. Beowulf and the Codex Exoniensis are quoted from Thorpe’s editions.
A, 610, 936. Apparently an error of the scribe for _Al_, but perhaps written as pronounced. N.E. and Sc. _aw_. V. Jam.
A before a _noun_ is commonly a corruption of the S. _on_, as proved clearly by the examples in Tyrwhitt’s Gl., Jam., and Gl. Lynds. _Adoun_, q.v. is an exception. _A-two_, 1413, 2643. _See_ On.
Aboven, _prep._ S. above, 1700.
Abouten, _prep._ S. [_on-bútan_] about, 521, 670, 1010, &c. _Abuten_, 2429.
Adoun, _adv._ S. down, 567. _Adune_, 2735. _Doun_, 901, 925, &c. _Dun_, 888, 927. _Dune_, 1815, 2656. A.S. _of-dúne_.
Adrad, _part. pa._ S. afraid, 278, 1048, 1163, 1682, 2304. _Adradde_, 1787. _Adred_, 1258. _Odrat_, 1153. Sir Tr. p. 174; K. Horn, 124. _See_ Dred.
Agen, _prep._ S. [_on-gean_] against, 1792. _Ageyn_, 493, 569, 2024, &c. _Ageynes_, 2153, 2270, &c. _Ayen_, 489, 1210, 2799. _Yen_, 2271. _Ageyn_, toward, 451, 1696, 1947; opposite to, 1809; upon, on, 1828. _Ayen_, towards, 1207. _Ageyn him go_, 934, opposite him, so as to bear an equal weight. _Ageyn hire_, 1106, at her approach. _Ageyn þe lith_, 2141, opposed to the light, on which the light shines. V. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc. &c.
Ageyn, _adv._ S. again, 2426.
Al, _adv._ S. wholly, entirely, 34, 70, 139, 203, &c.
Al, _adj._ S. all, 203, 264, &c.; every one, 104; every part, 224; _plu._ alle, 2, 150, &c.
Albidene, _adv._ _See_ Bidene.
Als, Also, Also, _conj._ S. [_eal-swá_] as, like, so, 306, 319, &c. _Als_, 1912, as if. _Al so foles_, like fools, 2100. _Als_ is merely the abbreviation of _Al so_; and the modern as is again shortened from _als_. In Laȝamon it is often written _alse_, as in l. 4953.
And he hæfde a swithe god wif & he heo leouede _alse_ his lif.
Cf. Havelok, l. 1663. _Als_ and _Also_ are used indifferently, and universally by the old English and Scotch poets.
Alþer-beste, _adj._ S. best of all, 182, 720, 1040, 1197, 2415. _Alþer-lest_, _Alþer-leste_, 1978, 2666, least of all. It is the gen. c. pl. of _Alle_, joined to an adj. in the superl. degree, and is extensively employed. _Alre-leofust_, _Alre-heudest_, _Alre-kenest_, Laȝamon, _Althe-werste_, K. Horn, MS. _Alder-best_, _Alder-most_, R. Br. _Alther-best_, _Alther-formest_, &c. Web. _Alther-furste_, _Alther-next_, _Alther-last_, Rits. M. R. _Alder-first_, _Alder-last_, _Alder-levest_, Chauc. _Alder-liefest_, Shakesp.
Amideward, _prep._ S. in the midst, 872. _Amiddewart_, K. Horn, 556. _Amydward_, K. Alisaund. 690. _A mydward_, Ly Beaus Desc. 852. _Amydwart_, Doug. Virg. 137, 35.
An. _conj._ S. and, 29, 359, &c. So used by Laȝamon, and still in Somersetsh. V. Jennings. _Ant_, 36, 557, K. Horn, 9, &c.
And, _conj._ if, 2862.
Andelong, _adv._ S. lengthways, i.e. from the head to the tail, 2822.
Ovyrtwart and _endelang_ With strenges of wyr the stones hang. --_R. Cœur de Lion_, 2649.
Chauc. _endelong_, C. T. 1993.
Anilepi, _adj._ S. [_ánlepig_] one, a single, 2107. _Onlepi_, 1094. In the very curious collection of poems in MS. Digb. 86 (written in the Lincolnshire dialect, temp. Edw. I.) we meet with this somewhat rare word:
A! quod the vox, ich wille the telle, _On alpi_ word ich lie nelle.
_Of the vox and of the wolf_ (Rel. Ant. ii. 275).
It occurs also in the Ormulum.
Anoþer, _adj._ S. _Al another_, 1395, in a different way, on another project.
Ah al hit iwruth _on other_ Sone ther after.
_Laȝamon_, l. 21005.
Ac Florice thought _al another_.
_Flor. and Blaunchefl._ ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 3, p. 125, ed. 1803. (Cf. Horn, ed. Lumby, p. 52, l. 32.)
Anuye, _v._ Fr. to trouble, weary, 1735; R. Gl., K. Alisaund. 876; Chauc. Melibeus. _Noye_, Lynds. Gl. q.v.
Are, _adj._ S. former, 27. Cf. are, _adv._, Sir Tr. p. 32; Rits. M. R., Web., R. Gl., R. Br., Minot. p. 31. _Air_, _Ayr_, Sc. V. Jam. _See_ Er, Or.
Aren, _1 and 3 p. pl._ S. are, 619, 1321, &c. _Arn_, Chauc.
Arke, _n._ S. Lat. a chest _or_ coffer, 2018. R. Br., Jam.
Armes, _n. pl._ Lat. arms, armor, 2605, 2613, 2925.
Arum for Arm, 1982, 2408.
Arwe, S. [_earg_] timid, 2115. Alter the punctuation, and read--
He calde boþe arwe me{n} and kene, Knithes and serganz swiþe sleie. “Arwe or ferefulle. _Timidus._”
Prompt. Parv. Cf. Stille, q.v.
As for Has, 1174.
Asayleden, _pa. t. pl._ Fr. assailed, 1862.
Asken, _n. pl._ S. ashes, 2841. _Aske_, R. Gl. _Askes_, R. Br. _Ashen_, Chauc. _Assis_, Doug.
Astirte, _pa. t._ leaped, 893. _Astert_, King’s Quair, ap. Jam. _See_ Stirt.
At, _prep._ S. of _or_ to, 1387. Yw. and Gaw. (Rits.) 963. Still existing in Scotland.
At-sitte, _v._ S. contradict, oppose, 2200. It corresponds with the term _with-sitten_, 1683. In R. Gl. it is used synonymously with _at-stonde_.
For ther nas so god knygt non no-wer a-boute France, That in joustes scholde _at-sitte_ the dynt of ys lance. --p. 137.
_See_ Sat.
Aucte, Auchte, Auhte, Authe, _n._ S. possessions, 531, 1223, 1410, 2215.
And alle the _æhten_ of mine londe.
_Laȝamon_, l. 25173.
_Aughtte_, K. Alisaund. 6884. _Aucht_, Doug. Virg. 72, 4; Lynds. Gl.
Aucte, Auht, Auhte, _v. imp._ (originally _pa. t._ of Aw, or Owe) S. [_ágan_, _áhte_] ought, 2173, 2787, 2800. _Aught_, Sir Tr. p. 44. _Ohte_, K. Horn, 418. _Aght_, Yw. and Gaw. 3229. _Aute_, R. Gl. _Aught_, Chauc. Troil. 3, 1801. _Aucht_, Doug. Virg. 110, 33.
Aute, Awcte, (_pa. t._ of the same verb), possessed, 207, 743. _Aught_, Sir Tr. p. 182. Ly Beaus Desc. 1027. _Oght_, Le bone Flor. 650. _Auht_, R. Br. p. 126; Wynt., Lynds. Gl.
Aueden. _See_ Haueden.
Aunlaz, _n._ Anelace, 2554. “A kind of knife or dagger, usually worn at the girdle.” Tyrw. note on Chauc. l. 359. So in Matth. Paris, “Genus cultelli, quod vulgariter _Anelacius_ dicitur.” V. Gl. in voc. and Todd’s Gl. to Illustr. of Chauc. In _Sir Gawan and Sir Galoran_, ii. 4, an _anlas_ signifies a sharp spike fixed in the chanfron of a horse. Probably from the Francic _Anelaz_, _Analeze_. V. Jam.
Auter, _n._ Fr. Lat. altar, 389, 1386, 2373. Sir Tr. p. 61, Octovian, 1312, R. Br., Chauc. _Awter_, Barb.
Ax, _n._ S. axe, 1776, 1894.
Ay, _adv._ S. ever, aye, always, 159, 946, 1201, &c. _Ae_, Sc. V. Jam.
Ayen. _See_ Agen.
Ayþer, _pron._ S. [_Ægþer_] either, each, 2665. _Eþer_, 1882. _Athir_, Sc. V. Jam. _See_ Other.
Awe, _v._ S. to owe, own, possess, 1292. It may also very possibly be a corruption of _Have_. Cf. ll. 1188, 1298.
Bac, _n._ S. back, 1844, 1950, &c; _backes_, _pl._ 2611.
Baldelike, _adv._ S. boldly, 53. _Baldeliche_, R. Glouc. _Baldely_, R. Br., Minot, p. 20.
Bale, _n._ S. sorrow, misery, 327.
Bar. _See_ Beren.
Baret, _n._ (O.Fr. _barat_, Isl. _baratta_) contest, hostile contention, 1932.
Ther nis _baret_, nothir strif, Nis ther no deth, ac euer lif.
_Land of Cokaygne_, ap. Hickes, Thes. 1, p. 231.
In alle this _barette_ the kynge and Sir Symon Tille a lokyng tham sette, of the prince suld it be don.
_R. Brunne_, p. 216. Cf. p. 274.
That mekill bale and _barete_ till Ynglande sall brynge.
_Awntyrs of Arthure_, st. 23.
Barfot, _adj._ S. barefoot, 862.
Barnage, _n._ Fr. barons or noblemen collectively, baronage, 2947. Yw. and Gaw. 1258. Web. Doug. Virg. 314, 48.
Barre, _n._ Fr. bar of a door, 1794, 1811, 1827. Synonymous with Dore-tre, q.v. Chauc. C. T. 552.
Barw. _See_ Berwen.
Baþe, _adj._ S. both, 1336, 2543. _Bethe_, 694, 1680.
Be. _See_ Ben.
Be-bedde, _v._ S. to provide with a bed, 421.
Bede, _n._ S. prayer, 1385.
Bede, _v._ S. to order, to bid, 668, 2193, 2396; to offer, 1665, 2084, 2172. _Beden_, _pa. t. pl._ offered, 2774, 2780. _Bedes_, bids, 2392. Of common occurrence in both senses. _See_ Bidd.
Bedden, _v._ S. to bed, put to bed, 1235. _Bedded_, _Beddeth_, _part. pa._ put to bed, 1128, 2771.
Bedels, _n. pl._ S. beadles, 266. V. Spelm. in v. _Bedellus_, and Blount, _Joc. Ten._ p. 120, ed. 1784.
Beite, Beyte, _v._ to bait, to set dogs on, 1840, 2330, 2440. _Bayte_, R. Br. From the Isl. Beita, incitare; Su. Goth. _Beita biorn_, to bait the bear. V. Jam. and Thomson’s Etymons.
Bem. _See_ Sunne-bem.
Ben, _v._ S. to be, 19, 905, 1006, &c. _Ben_, _pr. t. pl._ are, 1787, 2559. _Be_, _Ben_, _part. pa._ been, 1428, 2799. _Bes_, _Beth_, _imp._ and _fut._ be, shall be, 1261, 1744, 2007, 2246. _Lat be_, 1265, 1657, leave, relinquish, a common phrase in the Old Romances. _Lat abee_, Sc. V. Jam.
Benes, _n. pl._ S. beans, 769.
Beneysun, _n._ Fr. blessing, benediction. 1723. R. Br., Web., Chauc. C. T. 9239. Lynds. Gl.
Bere, _n._ S. bear, 573, 1838, 1840, 2448.
Bere, Beren, _v._ S. to bear, to carry, 581, 762, 805. _Ber_, 2557; _Bar_, _pa. t._ bore, 557, 815, 877. _Bere_, 974. _Beres_, _pr. t. pl._ bear. 2323.
Bermen, _n. pl._ S. bar-men, porters to a kitchen, 868, 876, 885. The only author in which this term has been found is Laȝamon, in the following passages:
Vs selve we habbet cokes, to quecchen to cuchene, Vs sulue we habbet _bermen_, & birles inowe. --l. 3315.
Weoren in þeos kinges cuchene twa hundred cokes, & ne mæi na man tellen for alle þa _bermannen_. --l. 8101.
Bern, _n._ S. child, 571. _Barn_, _bearne_, R. Br. _Bairn_, Sc.
Berwen, _v._ S. [_beorgan_] to defend, preserve, guard, 697, 1426; _burwe_, 2870. _Barw_, _pa. t._ 2022, 2679. The original word is found in Beowulf:
Scyld-weall gebearg Líf and líce. (The shield-wall defended Life and body.) --l. 5134.
So in K. Horn, MS. Laud. 108.
At more ich wile the serue, And fro sorwe the _berwe_. --f. 224_b_, c. 2.
Bes. _See_ Ben.
Bes for Best, 354.
Best, Beste, _n._ Fr. beast, 279, 574, 944, 2691.
Bete, _v._ S. [_beátan_] to beat, fight, 1899, 2664, 2763. _Beten_, _pa. t. pl._ beat, struck, 1876. Chauc. C. T. 4206, to which Tyrwh. gives a Fr. derivation.
Betere, _adv. comp._ S. better, 1758.
Beye, _v._ S. to buy, 53, 1654. _Byen_, 1625.
Beyes, _pr. t._ for Abeyes, S. suffers, or atones for, 2460.
His deth thou _bist_ to night, Mi fo.
_Sir Tristr._ p. 146.
We shulden alle deye Thy fader deth to _beye_.
_K. Horn_, 113.
An of yow schall _bye_ thys blunder.
_Le bone Flor._ 1330.
See Jam. in v. Aby. Web. Gl. and Lynds. Gl.; also Nares, v. Bye.
Bicomen, _pa. t. pl._ became, 2257; _part. pa._ become, 2264. _Bicomes_, _imp. pl._ become (ye), 2303.
Bidd, Bidde, _v._ S. offer, 484, 2530; order, bid, 529, 1733. _Ut bidde_, 2548, order out. _Biddes_, _pr. t._ bids, orders, 1232. _Bidde_, to ask, 910. R. Glouc., Lynds. Gl. _See_ Bede.
Bidene, _adv._ forthwith, 730, 2841.
“Rohand told anon His aventours _al bidene_.”
_Sir Tr._ p. 45.
From Du. _bij dien_, by that.
Bifalle, _v._ S. to happen, befall, 2981. Bifel, _pa. t._ 824. _Fel_, 1009; appertained, 2359.
Biforn, _prep._ S. (1) before, 1022, 1034, 1364, &c.; _bifor_, 1357; _biforen_, 1695; (2) in front of, 2406; _bifor_, 1812.
Bigan, _pa. t._ began, 1357. _Bigunnen_, _pl._ 1011, 1302. _Biginnen_, _pr. t. pl._ begin, 1779.
Bihalue, _v._ S. to divide into two parts, or companies, 1834. _Halue_ occurs as a _noun_ in Chauc. Troil. 4, 945.
Bihel for Beheld, 1645. _Bihelden_, _pa. t. pl._ beheld, 2148.
Bihetet, _pa. t._ S. promised, 677. _Bihight_, Sir Tr. p. 105. _Behet_, _Bihet_, R. Gl. _Be-hette_, R. Br. _Be-hete_, Web., Rits. M. R. _Behighte_, Chauc.
Bihoten, _part. pa._ promised, 564. _Behighte_, Chauc.
Bihoue, _n._ S. behoof, advantage, 1764. R. Gl., R. Br., Chauc.
Bikenneth, _pa. t._ S. betokens, 1268. _Bikenne_, R. Br.
Bileue, _imp._ tarry, remain, 1228. Bilefte, _pa. t._ remained, 2963. From _v._ S. _belifan_, to be left behind.
Winde thai hadde as thai wolde, A lond _bilaft_ he.
_Sir Tristr._ p. 29. Cf. pp. 38, 60.
He schal wiþ me _bileue_, Til hit beo nir eue.
_K. Horn_, ed. Lumby, 363.
Horn than, withouten lesing, _Bilaft_ at hom for blode-leteing.
_Horn Childe_, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 298.
Sojourn with us evermo, I rede thee, son, that it be so. Another year thou might over-fare, But thou _bileve_, I die with care.
_Guy of Warw._ ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 23.
See also the Gl. to R. Gl., R. Br. and Web., to which add _Emare_, 496, and Gower, Conf. Am. This is sufficient authority for the reading adopted in the text, and it may hence be reasonably questioned, whether _bilened_ in Lye, and _belenes_ in _Sir Gawan and Sir Galoran_, i. 6, quoted by Jamieson in v. Belene, be not the fault of the scribe, or of the Editors.
Bimene, _v._ S. mean, 1259.
Binden, _v._ S. to bind, 1961. Used passively, 2820, as _Bynde_, 42. _Bounden_, _pa. t. pl._ 2442. _Bunden_, 2506. _Bounden_, _part. pa._ 545. _Bunden_, 1428.
Binne, _adv._ S. within, 584. _Byn_, Rits. M. R. _But and ben_, Doug., Virg., 123, 40; without and within. V. Jam., in v. Ben.
Birde. _See_ Birþe.
Birþe (_should rather be_ birþ), _3 p. s. pres._ it behoves, 2101. _Hence_ birde, _3 p. s. pt. t._ behoved, 2761. A.S. _býrian_, _gebýrian_, to fit, suit, be to one’s taste. See _Buren_ in Stratmann.
Birþene, _n._ S. burden, 900, 902.
Bise, _n._ Fr. a north wind, 724. _Bise traverse_, a north-west or north-east wind. _Cotgr._
Après grant joie vient grant ire, Et après Noel _vent bise_.
_Rom. de Renart_, 13648.
The term is still in common use.
Biseken, _v._ S. to beseech, 2994.
Biswike, _part. pa._ S. cheated, deceived, 1249.
Hu þu _biswikest_ Monine mon.
_Laȝam._ l. 3412.
_Byswuke_, K. Horn, 296; Yw. and Gaw. 2335. _Bisuike_, R. Br. _Beswyke_, R. Cœur de L. 5918.
Bitaken, _v._ S. [_bitǽcan_, _tǽcan_] to commit, deliver, give in charge, 1226. _Bitechen_, 203, 384, 395. _Bi-teche_, _pr. sing._ 384; _imp. sing._ 395. Laȝam. 5316. _Bitake_, Sir Tr. p. 87. _Byteche_, K. Horn, 577. _Biteche_, Web. _Betake_, _Beteche_, Chauc., Barb., Wall. _Bitaucte_, _pa. t._ delivered, 206, 558. _Bitauhte_, 2212, 2317, 2957. _Bitawchte_, 1224. _Bitawte_, 1408. _Tauhte_, 2214. _Bitæht_, _Bitachet_, Laȝam. _Bitaught_, Sir Tr. p. 85. _Bitoke_, K. Horn, 1103. _Betok_, Ly Beaus Desc. 82. _Betauht_, _bitauht_, _tauht_, _biteched_, R. Br. Bitake, R. Gl. _Betake_, Sir Guy. _Betaught_, Chauc. _Betaucht_, Doug., Lynds.
Bite, _v._ S. to taste, drink, 1731.
Horn toc hit hise yfere, Ant seide, Quene, so dere, No beer nullich _bite_, Bote of coppe white.
_K. Horn_ (Ritson), 1129.
Biþ for By the, 474. Cf. l. 2470.
Bituene, Bitwenen, Bitwene, _prep._ S. between, 748, 2668, 2967.
Blac, _adj._ S. black, 555, 1008. _Pl._ _Blake_, 1909, 2181, &c.
Blakne, _v._ S. to blacken in the face, grow angry, 2165.
And Arthur sæt ful stille, ænne stunde he wes _blac_, and on heuwe swithe wak, ane while he wes reod.
_Laȝam._ l. 19887.
Tho Normans were sorie, of contenance gan _blaken_.
_R. Brunne_, p. 183.
Blawe. _v._ S. to blow, 587. _Blou_, _imp._ blow, 585.
Blede, _v._ S. to bleed, 2403.
Bleike, _pl. adj._ bleak, pale, wan, 470. A.S. _blác_, bleak, Su.-G. _blek_.
Blenkes, _n. pl._ blinks, winks of the eye, in derision, 307. R. Br. p. 270; Sc. V. Jam. Suppl. Derived from S. _blican_, Su.-G. _blænka_, Belg. _blencken_, to glance. _See_ Gl. Lynds.
Blinne, _v. n._ S. to cease, 2367, 2374. Sir Tr. p. 26; Rits. M. R. Web., R. Gl., Chauc.; so in Sc. V. Jam. Gl. Lynds. _Blinne_, _pa. t. pl._ ceased, 2670. _Blinneth_, _pr. t._ ceases, 329.
Blissed, _part pa._ S. blessed, 2873.
Bliþe, _adj._ S. happy, 632, 651.
Blome, _n._ S. bloom, flower, 63.
Bloute, _adj._ soft, 1910. Sw. _blöt_, soft, pulpy.
Bode, _n._ S. command, 2200, 2567. Sir Tr. p. 121, Web.
Bok, _n._ S. book, 1173, 1418, &c. _See_ Messe-bok.
Bole, _n._ [Isl. _bolli_, W. _bwla_. Cf. A.S. _bulluca_] bull, 2438. _Boles_, _pl._ 2330.
Bon, Bone. _See_ O-bone. [[under “On”]]
Bondemen, _n. pl._ S. husbandmen, 1016, 1308. R. Gl.
Bone, _n._ S. [_bén_] boon, request, 1659. Sir Tr. p. 31, and all the Gloss.
Bor, _n._ S. boar, 1867, 1989. _Bores_, _pl._ 2331.
Bord, _n._ S. (1) table, 1722. K. Horn, 259; Rits. M. R., Web., Chauc.; (2) a board, 2106. _See_ the note on l. 2076.
Boren, _part. pa._ S. born, 1878.
Boru, _n._ S. borough, 773, 847, 1014, 1757, 2086, 2826. _Borwes, pl._ 1293, 1444, 1630. _Burwes_, 55, 2277. Sir Tr. pp. 12, 99. Chalmers is certainly mistaken when he says it does not signify _boroughs_, but _castles_. Introd. Gl. p. 200. In Laȝamon the word is always clearly distinguished from _castle_, as it is in many other writers. V. Spelm. in v. _Burgus._
Bote, _adv._ S. but, only, 721. _See_ But.
Bote, _n._ S. remedy, help, 1200. Laȝm., Sir Tr. p. 93; Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Gl., R. Br., Minot, Chauc., Doug., Lynds. Gl.
Boþen, _adj. pl._ S. both, 173, 697, 958; _g. c._ of both, 2223.
Bounden, Bunden. _See_ Binden.
Bour, Boure, Bowr, _n._ S. [_búr_] chamber, 239, 2072, 2076, &c. In Beowulf the apartment of the women is called _Bryd-bur_; l. 1846.
Ygarne beh to _bure_ & lætte bed him makien.
_Laȝam._ l. 19042.
Honder hire _boures_ wowe, _K. Horn_, 982, MS., where Rits. Ed. reads _chambre wowe_. Cf. Sir Tr. p. 114; Rits. M. R., Web., R. Br., Doug., V. Jam. _See_ note on l. 2076.
Bouthe, _pa. t._ S. bought, 875, 968. Cf. Sir Tr. p. 104.
Bouth, _part. pa._ bought, 883.
Boyes, _n. pl._ S. boys, men, 1899.