Part 20

Simenels, _n. pl._ Fr. 779, a finer sort of bread, “q. a _simila_ h. e. puriori farinæ parte.” _Spelm._ Assis. pan. 51 Hen. III. _Symnellus_ vero de quadrante ponderabit 2 sol. minus quam Wastellum. It elsewhere appears to be a sort of cake, or cracknel. So in the _Crieries de Paris_, v. 163, Chaudes tartes et _siminiaus_. V. Nares in v.

Sinne, _n._ S. fault, 1976. _Ne for loue ne for sinne_, 2375. _Wolde he nouth for sinne lette_, 2627. Traces of this phrase may be elsewhere found:

Neyther for _love_ nor yet for _awe_ Lyuinge man none than they saw.

_Sir Degore_, c. iv.

Maboun and Lybeauus Faste togedere hewes, And stente _for no synne_.

_Ly Beaus Desc._ 1957.

Sire, Syre, _n._ Fr. The term in ll. 310, 1229, is used not only to express respect, but command. A parallel passage is in R. Cœur de L. 2247. It simply means _Sir_, ll. 909, 2009.

Site, _v._ S. to sit, 2809. _Sittes_, _pr. t. 2 p._ sittest, 1316. _Sitten_, _pr. t. pl._ sit, 2098. _Site on knes_, i.e. kneel, 2708.

Siþe, Siþen, _adv._ S. then, afterwards, after, 399, 472, 1414, 1814, 1988, &c.

Siþe, _n._ S. time, 1052. _Siþe_, _Siþes_, _pl._ 213, 778, 1737, 2189. _Syþe_, _Syþes_, 2162, 2843. Sir Tr. p. 55, &c.

Sket, _adv._ quickly, soon, 1926, 1960, 2303, 2493, 2513, 2574, 2736, 2839. Sir Tr. pp. 36, 40, &c.; Ly Beaus Desc. 484; K. Alisaund. 3047; R. Cœur de L. 806; Rom. of Merlin, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. i. p. 228. [Icel. _skjótt_, quickly, from _skjótr_, quick, swift. The adj. is still preserved in the surname Skeat _or_ Skeet.]

Skirming, _n._ Fr. skirmishing, 2323. Web. M. R. _See_ Note on l. 2320.

Slawe, Slawen. _See_ Slo.

Slenge, _v._ S. to sling, cast out, 2435. _Slenget_, _part. pa._ slung, 1923.

Slepes, _pr. t. 2 p._ sleepest, 1283.

Sleie, Sley, _adj._ skilful, expert, 1084, 2116. Sir Tr. pp. 23, 28; Horn Childe, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 296; Emare, 67; R. Glouc. p. 350; Barb. xix. 179; Doug. 137, 12. Jamieson derives it from Su.-G. _slug_, Isl. _slægr_. Cf. Sw. _slug_.

Slike, _adv. or perhaps adj._ smoothly, or smooth, 1157. “_Slyke_, or smothe. _Lenis_.” Prompt. Parv.

Slo, _n._ S. sloe, berry, 849, 2051.

Slo, _v._ S. to slay, 512, 1364, 1412, &c. _Slou_, 2543. _Slos_, _pr. t. 2 p._ slayest, 2706. _Slos_, _imp. pl._ strike ye, 2596. _Slou_, _Slow_, _pa. t._ slew, 501; struck, 2633. _Slowe_, _Slowen_, _pa. t. pl._ slew, 2414, 2427, 2432; struck, fought, 2683. _Slawe_, _Slawen_, _part. pa._ slain, 1803, 1928, 2000, &c. In l. 2747 (as in 2596, 2633, 2683) it has only the sense of _struck_, wounded, agreeably to the signification of the original word, _sleán_, _sleáhan_, Cædere, ferire.

Smerte, _adj. pl._ S. painful, 2055.

Smerte, _v._ S. to smart, 2647.

Smot, _pa. t._ S. smote, 2654.

So, a large tub, 933. See _So_ in Halliwell. Dan. _saa_, a pail.

So, _conj._ S. as, 279, 349, _et pass._

Softe, _adj._ S. of a mild disposition, 991.

Softe, _adv._ S. gently, 2618.

Somdel, _adj._ S. somewhat, in some measure, 240. _Sumdel_, 450, 497, 1054, 2306, 2950. Web., R. Gl., Chauc.

Sond, _n._ S. sand, 708, 735.

Sone, _n._ S. son, 660, 839. _Sones_, _pl._ 2980.

Sone, _adv._ S. soon, 78, &c.; so soon as, 1354.

Sor, _n._ S. sorrow, 234. _Sorwe_, 1374; pain, sore, 1988.

Sor, _adj._ S. sore, detestable, 2229. [Perhaps it should be _sori_.]

Sorful, _adj._ S. sorrowful, 151, 2541.

Sori, _adj._ S. sorrowful, 151, 477.

Soth, Sothe, _n._ S. truth, 36, 647, 2008, &c.

Soþlike, _adv._ S. truly, 276.

Soupe, _v._ Fr. to sup, 1766.

Southe, _pa. t._ S. sought, 1085.

Sowe, Sowen. _See_ Se.

Sowel, _n._ victuals, 767, 1143, 2905. Properly, anything eaten with bread as a relish. See _Sool_ in Halliwell. Dan. _suul_.

Span-newe, _adj._ quite new, 968. This is the earliest instance on record of the use of this word. For its disputed etymology see Jam., Nares, Todd’s Johns., and Thoms. Etymons; but especially Wedgwood’s Etym. Dict. _Span_ = chip; _Span-new_, chip-new. A.S. _spón_. It occurs in Chauc. Troil. iii. 1671.

Sparkede, _pa. t._ S. sparkled, 2144.

Spede, _v._ S. to speed, prosper, 1634.

Speke, _n._ S. speech, 946.

Speke, Speken, _v._ S. to speak, 326, 369, 548, 1070, &c. _Spak_, _pa. t._ spoke, 2389, 2968. _Speken_, _part. pa._ spoken, 2369.

Spelle, _n._ S. story, relation, 338. K. Horn, 951.

Spelle, _v._ S. to relate, tell forth, 15, 2530.

Spen _for_ Spent, 1819.

Sperd, Sperde, _part. pa._ S. barred, bolted, 414, 448. Still common in the North. V. Brockett.

Spille, _v._ S. to perish, 2422. _Of limes spille_, 86, suffer the loss of limbs. K. Horn, 202. Web., Chauc.

Spired, _part. pa._ S. speered, inquired, 2620. V. Jam. in v.

Spore, _n._ S. spur, 2569.

Sprauleden, _pa. t. pl._ S. sprawled, 475.

Sprong, _pa. t._ S. sprung, 959. _See_ the Note. _Sprongen_, 869. _Sprungen_, _part. pa._ risen, 1131.

Sprote, _n._ S. sprout, 1142. A.S. _sprote_, a sprig, sprout.

Spuse, Spusen, _v._ S. to espouse, marry, 1123, 1170, 2875. _Spusede_, _pa. t. pl._ espoused, 2887. _Spused_, _part. pa._ 1175, 2928. _Spuset_, 1266.

Spusing, _n._ S. espousals, marriage, 1164, 1177, 2886.

Stac, _n._ S. 814. [This I believe to mean simply a stack, or heap, like the Dan. _stak_, Sw. _stack_. I add Sir F. Madden’s note in the edition of 1828.] A stack, or, more properly, _stick_ of fish, a term applied to eels when strung on a row, ‘sic dicta, quod trajecta vimine (quod _stic_ dicimus) connectebantur.’ _Spelm._ A _stica_ consisted of 25 eels, and 10 _Sticæ_ made a _Binde_. Glanv. lib. 2, c. 9.

Stalworþi, Stalworþe, Stalwrthe, adj. S. strong, valiant, courageous, 24, 904, 1027, &c. _Stalworþeste_, _sup._ 25.

Stan-ded, _adj._ S. dead as a stone, completely dead, 1815. _Stille als a ston_, 928. Cf. K. of Tars, 549; Erle of Tol. 754; Launfal, 357. _See_ Gl. to _Partenay_.

Star, _n._ Icel. a species of sedge, 939. Icel. _stör_; Sw. _starr_; Dan. _stær_. _See_ the Note.

Stareden, _pt. t. pl._ 1037. _Probably miswritten for_ Stradden, contended. Cf. Su.-Goth. and Sw. _strida_, to contend.

Starinde, _part. pr._ staring, 508.

Stark, _adj._ S. stiff, stout, strong, 341, 380, 608, &c. V. Jam. in v.

Stede, _n._ S. steed, horse, 10, &c.

Stede, _n._ S. place, 142, 744. _Stedes_, _pl._ 1846.

Stem, _n._ S. a ray of light, beam, 591. It is equivalent to _Glem_, l. 2122.

Therewith he blinded them so close, A _stime_ they could not see.

_R. Hood_, i. 112.

Cf. Brockett’s Gl. in v. _Stime_.

Sternes, _n. pl._ stars, 1809. _Ageyn þe sternes_ = exposed to the sky, or to the open air.

Stert, _n._ S. leap, 1873. Chaucer has _at a stert_ for immediately, C. T. 1707.

Stert, _n._ S. [_steort_, cauda] tail, 2323. _Start_ is still retained in the North.

Steuene, _n._ S. voice, 1275.

Sti, _n._ S. road, way, 2618. Sir Tr. p. 192; Yw. and Gaw. 599; Emare, 196; Sevyn Sages, 712; R. Br. Chaucer uses _stile_ in the same sense, C. T. 12628, and Minot, p. 5, in both which passages the respective Editors have made the same mistake in explaining it. [Cf. G. _steg_, a pass.]

Stille, _adj._ S. quiet, 955, 2309.

Stille, _adv._ S. in a low voice, secretly, 2997. Sir Tr. p. 55; K. Horn, 315.

Stirt, Stirte, _pa. t._ S. started, leaped, 398, 566, 873, 1049, &c. _Stirte_, _Stirten_, _pa. t. pl._ started, hurried, 599, 1964, 2609. Derived by Skinner from S. _astirian_, movere, by Jam. from Teut. _steerten_, volare. _See_ Astirte. Cf. G. _stürzen_; and see _Start_ in Wedgwood.

Stith, _n._ S. anvil, 1877. Chauc. Still provincial. V. Moore, and Brockett.

Stiward, _n._ S. steward, 666.

Stonden, _n._ S. to stand, 689. _Stondes_, _pr. t. 3 p._ standeth, stands, 2240, 2983. _Stod_, _pa. t._ stood, 591, 679. _Stoden_, _pa. t. pl._ 1037.

Stor, _adj._ S. hardy, stout, 2383. Laȝam. l. 9126; Yw. and Gaw. 1297; Chron. of Engl. 464; Sq. of Lowe D. 658; Ly Beaus Desc. 1766. _Steir_, _Sture_, Sc. ap. Jam. Cf. Sw. _stor_.

Stra, _n._ S. straw, 315, 466. A.S. _streow_, _streaw_. Cf. Strie.

Strenes, _pr. t. 3 p._ S. begets, 2983. From _streónan_, gignere. Cf. K. Alisaund. 7057.

Strie, _n._ a straw, 998. _See_ Stra.

Strout, _n._ dispute, contention, 1039. Cf. A.S. _strúdan_, and _Strother_ in Atkinson’s Cleveland Glossary.

Stroute, _v._ S. to make a disturbance, 1779. Bosworth explains A.S. _strúdan_, _strútian_, as having originally the sense to bustle about.

Stunde, _n._ S. short space of time, 2614. V. Gl. to R. Glouc. _See_ Vmbestonde.

Sturgiun, Sturgun, _n._ sturgeon, 753, 1727. Cf. Sw. _stör_, Dan. _stör_.

Suere, Suereth. _See_ Sweren.

Suete, _adj._ S. sweet, 1388. Cf. l. 2927.

Sueyn, Sweyn, _n._ S. swain, villain, 343, 1328, &c. _Sweynes_, _pl._ 371, 2195. It is generally used in opposition to _knight_.

Svich, _adj._ S. such, 60.

Suilk, _adj._ such (things), 644. _See_ Swilk.

Sule. _See_ Shol.

Sumdel. _See_ Somdel.

Sunne-bem, _n._ S. sun-beam, 592, 2123.

Swerd, _n._ S. sword, 1759, &c. _Swerdes_, _pl._ 1769, 2659.

Sweren, _v._ S. to swear, 494. _Suereth_, _pr. t. s._ swear, 647. _Swor_, _pa. t._ swore, 398, 2367. _Suere_, _pr. subj. 2 p. s._ 388.

Swike, _n._ S. deceiver, traitor, 423, 551, 626, 1158, 2401, 2451, &c. _Swikes_, _pl._ 2834, 2990. Laȝam. l. 12942; R. Gl. p. 105.

Swikel, _adj._ S. deceitful, 1108.

For alle þine witien Beoð swiðe _swikele_.

_Laȝam._ l. 15848.

Hoe beth of _swikele_ kunne Ther mide the witherwinne.

_The sawe of Seint Bede_, MS. Digb. 86.

He was _suikel_, fals, ant fel.

_Chron. of Engl._ 791.

Swilen, _v._ S. [_swilian_, Ps. vi. 6] to wash, 919. It occurs also in Rob. of Brunne’s _Handling Sinne_, l. 5828. Still provincial.

Swilk, _adj._ S. such, 1118, 1625, 2123, 2684, 2783. _Suilk_, 644.

Swinge, _v._ S. to beat, chastise (used _passively_), 214. _Swngen_, _part. pa._ beaten, 226. Laȝam. l. 21070. So in _Syr Bevys_, C. ii. All at ones on him they _swonge_. In the North the verb retains the same meaning; v. Brockett.

Swink, _n._ S. labour, 770, 801, 2456.

Swinken, _v._ S. to labour, 798. _Swank_, _pa. t._ laboured, 788.

Swire, _n._ S. neck, 311. Formerly in universal use, and still preserved in the provinces.

Swiþe, Swyþe, _adv._ S. very, exceedingly, 110, 217, 341. Quickly, 140, 682, 690; _ful swithe_, 2436, appears a pleonasm. _Swithe forth and rathe_, quickly forth, and soon, 2594.

Swot, _n._ S. sweat, perspiration, 2662. The word has the same meaning in Cædmon, f. 24, ed. Thorpe, p. 31, l. 8, which seems to contradict Mr Price’s assertion to the contrary, in Warton’s Hist. Engl. Poetr. p. lxxi., ed. 1840.

Swngen. _See_ Swinge.

Syre. _See_ Sire.

Syþe, Syþes. _See_ Siþe.

Syþe, _n._ S. scythe, 2553, 2699.

Tabour, _n._ Fr. tabor, 2329.

Tale, _n._ S. number, 2026.

Taleuaces, _n. pl._ Fr. large shields, 2323. _See_ the Note on l. 2320.

Tarst (_so in_ MS.), 2688; almost certainly an error for _faste_, which appears in the next line. Also, the movements of Godard are compared to the course of lightning.

Tauhte, _pt. s._ committed, 2214, probably an error for _bitauhte_. _See_ Bitaken.

Tel, _n._ S. deceit, reproach, 191, 2219. A.S. _tálu_.

Telle, _v._ S. to count, number, 2615. _Told_, _part. pa._ numbered, esteemed, 1036.

Tene, _n._ S. grief, affliction, 729.

Tere, _v._ S. to tar (used passively), 707.

Teth, _n. pl._ S. teeth, 2406.

Teyte, _adj._ S. 1841, 2331. [Explained “lively” by Coleridge, Stratmann, and Morris, as if from Icel. _teitr_, hilaris. This I believe to be completely wrong. The word occurs in Allit. Poems, ed. Morris, B. 871, with reference to _tight_ lasses, and in l. 1841 of Havelok we have a reference to _tight_ lads. In l. 2331 it may also mean _flawless_, staunch. “_Theet_, _adj._ water-tight. O.N. _þiettr_ or _þéttr_, densus, solidus. O.Sw. _thæter_, Sw. Dial, _tjett_ or _tjætt_, Dan. _tætt_, Germ. _dicht_. Ihre gives . . . . _ett tätt fat_, a flawless vessel. ‘_Thyht_, hool fro brekynge, not brokyn. _Integer_, _solidus_. Prompt. Parv.’” Atkinson’s Glossary of the Cleveland dialect.] [_Teyte_ may mean _lively_. My explanation is not generally accepted.]

Þa, _written for_ þat, 175.

Þan, Þanne, _adv._ S. then, 51, 1044, &c.; when, 226, 248, _et sæpius_; than if (_quàm_), 944, 1867.

Þar, _adv._ where (?) 130. _See_ the Note; and cf. _Þer_.

Þare, _adv._ S. there, 2481, 2739. Cf. þer, þore.

Þarne, _v._ to lose, be deprived of, 2492, 2835. _Þarnes_, _pr. t._ wants, is deprived of, 1913. _Þarned the ded_, 1687; [clearly miswritten for _þoled þe ded_, suffered death. The scribe was thinking of _þarned þe lif_; cf. l. 2492.] The verb only exists in the Sax. in the pt. t. _þærnode_, Chron. Sax. p. 222, ed. Gibs., which is derived by Lye from the Cimbr. _At thuerna_, or _thorna_, diminui, privari. V. Hickes Thes. I. p. 152. [I.e. it is from the root of the Sw. _tarfva_, Icel. _thurfa_, Goth. _thaurban_, with the _f_ dropped, and with the addition of the _passive_ or _neuter_ infinitive-ending denoted by _-ne_, like _-na_ in Sw., _-nan_ in Mœso-Gothic. See _þarrnenn_ in Gl. to Ormulum.]

Þas, _read_ Was, 1129. [As þ at the beginning of a word is never put for _t_, it is not = Sc. _tas_, takes, as some have suggested.]

Þaue, v. S. [_þafian_] to grant, 296; bear, sustain, 2696. Ormulum, 5457.

Thayn, _n._ S. nobleman, 2184. _Thein_, 2466. _Thaynes_, _pl._ 2260. _Theynes_, 2194. _See_ Kayn.

Þe, _n._ S. thigh, 1950. _Þhe_, 1984. _Þes_, _pl._ 1903. _Þhes_, 2289.

Þe, _adv._ S. (_written for_ þer), there, 142, 476, 863, 933. _Þe with_, therewith, 639. _See_ Þer.

Þe, _conj._ S. though, 1682. _Þei_, 1966. _Þey_, 807, 992, 1165, 2501. _See_ Þou.

Þede, _n._ S. country, dwelling, 105; place, 2890. Web., Le Bone Flor. 246. R. Br. p. 18. V. Jam.

Þef, _n._ S. thief, 2434. _Þeues_, _pl._ 1780.

Þei, _pron._ S. they, 1020, 1195, &c.

Þei, Þey, _conj._ though. _See_ Þe.

Þenke, _pr. subj._ S. think, 2394. _Þenkeste_, _pr. t. 2 p._ thinkest thou, 578.

Þenne, _adv._ S. thence, 1185. [Perhaps in l. 777, we should put the comma after _þenne_; “when he came thence,” &c.]

Þer, _adv._ S. where, 318, 448, &c.; there, _passim_; the place whence, 1740. _Þerinne_, therein, 535, &c. _Þerhinne_, 322. _Þerof_, _Þeroffe_, thereof, 372, 466, 1068, &c. _Þerþoru_, by that means, 1098. _Þertil_, _Þerto_, thereto, 396, 1041, 1045. _Þerwit_, _Þerwith_, therewith, 1031, 1046. _See_ Þe, Þore.

Þere, _pron._ S. their, 1350.

Þerl _for_ Þe erl, the earl, 178.

Þertekene, 2878. [Coleridge’s Glossarial Index has “Thertekene = mark thereto. A.S. _tácnian_.” But this is a very awkward phrase, and I should prefer to suppose _þer-tekene_ = by the token, i.e. in token. _Tekene_ answers to the Sw. _tecken_, a token; and _þer_ is found as a prefix in _P. Plowman_ in the phr. _þer-while_ = _þe while_, i.e. in the time that. The only difficulty is that _þer_ is properly feminine (A.S. _þære_), whilst _tecken_ in Sw. and _tácen_ in A.S. are neuter. _In tokne_ (= in token) occurs in Shoreham’s poems, ed. Wright, 131.]

Þet, _conj._ S. that (_quòd_), 330.

Þet, _pron._ S. that, 879.

Þeþe, Þeþen, _adv._ S. thence, 2498, 2629.

Þeu, Þewe, _n._ S. in a servile condition or station, 262, 2205. R. Gl.

Þewes, _n. pl._ S. manners, 282. Laȝam., Rits. M. R., Web., P. Plowm., Chauc., Gl. Lynds., Percy, A. R.

Þi. _See_ Forþi.

Þi _for_ Þy, thy, 2725.

Þider, _adv._ S. thither, 850, 1012, 1021, &c.

Þigge, v. S. [_þicgan_] to beg, 1373. This word is chiefly preserved in the Sc. writers. Wall. ii. 259; Doug. Virg. 182, 37; Evergreen, ii. 199; Bannatyne Poems, p. 120, V. Jam. in v., who derives it from Su.-G. _tigga_, Alem. _thigen_, petere. [See _tigga_ in Ihre. “Thyggynge or beggynge, _Mendicacio_.” Prompt. Parv.]

Þis _for_ þise, these, 1145.

Þisternesse, _n._ S. darkness, 2191.

Dalden from þan fihte Al bi _þustere_ nihte.

_Laȝam._ l. 7567; cf. _Gen. and Ex._, 58.

Thit, _pp._ 2990. [The rime shews that the _i_ is long; and, whether the _th_ is sounded like _t_, or (which is more likely) the word should have been written _tiht_ or _tith_, we may be tolerably confident that it is equivalent to the O.E. _tight_ or _tiȝt_, a pp. signifying _intended_, _purposed_, _designed_, which is the exact sense here required. Stratmann gives five instances of it, of which one is-- “To brewe the Crystene mennys banys Hy hadden _tyght_;” Octovian, 1476.]

Þo, _pron._ S. those, 1918, 2044.

Þo, _pron._ thou. _See_ Þu.

Þo, _adv._ S. then, 930; when, 1047. _Thow_, 1669.

Þore, _adv._ S. there, 741, 922, 1014, &c. _Þortil_, thereto, 1443. _Þorwit_, therewith, 100. _See_ Þe, Þer.

Þoru, _adv._ S. through, 627, 774, 848, &c. _Þoruth_, 1065, 2786. _Þorw_, 264, 367, 2646. _Þuruth_, 52.

Þoruthlike, _adv._ S. throughly, 680.

Þou, _conj._ S. though, 124, 299, &c. _Þo_, 1020. _See_ Þe.

Þoucte, _pa. t._ S. thought, 504, 507, &c. _Þouthte_, 1073. _Þowthe_, 1869. _Þouthe_, 1166. _Þat god thoucte_, 256, that seemed good. Cf. Sir Tr. pp. 30, 36. And so in MS. Vernon, Bodl.

Riche metes was forth brouht To all men _that gode thouht_.

_Disp. betw. a Crystene mon and a Jew_, f. 301.

[Or, if we read “þat god _him_ þoucte,” this would mean “that seemed good _to him_;” cf. l. 197.]

Þouth, _n._ S. thought, 122, 1190.

Þral, _n._ S. slave, villain, 527, 684, 1097, 1158, 2564, 2589. In an opprobious sense, 1408. Sir Tr. p. 175.

Þrawe, _n._ S. space of time, moment, 276, 1215. Web., Rits. M. R., Rob. Br., Doug. Virg. _Þrow_, Chauc., Gower, &c.

Þredde, Þridde, _adj._ S. third, 867, 2633.

Þrette, _pa. t._ S. threatened, 1163.

Þrie, 730. [In the former edition it is glossed “trouble, affliction; apparently the same as _Tray_ or _Treye_;” cf. A.S. _tréga_. But this renders the construction difficult, nor is it clear that _treye_ and _þrie_ can be identified. Without doubt, the usual meaning of _þrie_ is _thrice_, which is easily construed, only it remains to be shewn why _thrice_ should be introduced; unless perhaps it signifies _in a threefold degree._]

Þrinne, _num._ S. three, 716, 761, 1977, 2091.

Þrist, Þristen, _v._ S. to thrust, 1152, 2019, 2725. _Þrist_, _part. pa._ thrust, 638.

Þu, _pron._ S. thou, 527, &c. _Þou_, 527, &c. _Þo_, 388. _Þw_ (_read_ þat þw _instead of_ þw that?), 1316. _Tow_, 1322. _Tu_, 2903. It is often joined to the verb which precedes, as _Shaltow_, _Wiltu_, &c. The _gen._ is _þin_, 1128; the _acc._ is _þe_, 529.

Þurte, _pt. t. s._ need, might, 10. [It answers to the A.S. _þurfan_, _pt. t._ _ic þorfte_, Icel. _þurfa_, _pt. t._ _þurfti_, Mœso-Goth. _þaurban_, _pt. t._ _þaurfta_. _See_ Ormulum, l. 16164, and Sir F. Madden’s note to _þort_ in Gl. to _Will. of Palerne_.]

Þuruth. _See_ Þoru.

Þus _for_ Þis, 785, 2586. (_In comp._ þus-gate.)

Tid, _n._ S. time, hour, 2100.

Til, _prep._ S. to, 141, 762, 864, &c. _See_ Intil, Þertil.

Til, _v._ S. to tell, 1348.

Tilled, _part. pa._ S. obtained, acquired (lit. drawn, taken), 438. V. Gl. R. Br. in v. _tille_, and see quotation under _Goddot_.

Tinte, _pa. t._ S. lost, 2023. Sir Tr. p. 104. V. Jam.

Tirneden, _pa. t. pl._ S. turned, 603.

Tiþandes, _n. pl._ Icel. tidings, 2279.

To-, in composition with verbs, is usually augmentative, or has the force of the Lat. _dis-_. _To-brised_, _part. pa._ very much bruised, 1950. (_See_ Brisen.) _To-cruhsse_, _inf._ crush in pieces, 1992. _To-deyle_, _inf._ divide, 2099. (_See_ Deled.) _To-drawen_, _part. pa._ dragged or pulled to death, 2001. (_See_ Drou.) _To-frusshe_, _inf._ break in pieces, 1993. _To-hewen_, _part. pa._ hewn in pieces, 2001. _To-riuen_, _part. pa._ torn _or_ riven in pieces, 1953. _To-rof_, _pa. t._ burst open, 1792. _To-shiuere_, _inf._ shiver in pieces, 1993. _To-shiuered_, _part. pa._ shivered to pieces, 2667. _To-tere_, _inf._ tear in pieces, 1839. _To-torn_, _part. pa._ torn in pieces, 1948, 2021. _To-tusede_, _part. pa._ entirely rumpled or tumbled, 1948. In one case only we find it to be merely the prep. _to_ in composition; viz. in _To-yede_, _pa. t._ went to, 765. (_See_ Yede.) [_See_ note on this prefix in Gloss. to _William of Palerne_.]

To, _adv._ S. too, 303, 689, 691, &c.

To, _n._ S. toe, 1743, 1847, &c. _Tos_, _pl._ 898, 2163.

To, _num._ S. two, 2664.

To, _prep._ follows its case in ll. 197, 325, 526.

To-frusshe, _v._ Fr. [_froisser_] to dash or break in pieces, 1993.

The Sarezynes layde on with mace, And al _to-frussched_ hym in the place.

_R. Cœur de L._ 5032. Cf. 5084.

He suld sone be _to-fruschyt_ all.

_Barb._ x. 597.

So also Doug. Virg. 51, 53. V. Jam. in v. _Frusch_.

Togidere, Togydere, _adv._ S. together, 1128, 1181, 2683, 2891.

Tok, _pa. t._ S. took, 354, 467, 537. _Toke_, _pa. t. 2 p._ 1216. _Token_, _pa. t. pl._ 1194, _Token under fote_, 1199.

Told. _See_ Telle.

Totede, _pa. t._ peeped, looked, 2106. This verb is thrice found in P. Ploughman’s Crede, ll. 142, 168, 339. Although it would appear a rare word from its not appearing in Hearne, Ritson, or Weber, yet in later times it, occurs often, and is instanced by Jamieson from Patten’s Account of Somerset’s Expedicion, p. 53, and by Nares from Hall, Latimer, Spenser, and Fairfax. It also occurs four times in the _Ancren Riwle_, ed. Morton, 1853. In Sc. it is pronounced _Tete_, which is derived by Jam. from the same stock as Su.-G. _titt-a_, explained by Ihre, “Per transennam veluti videre, ut solent curiosi, aut post tegmina latentes.” V. the authorities quoted, Todd’s Johns. and Wilbr. Gl. [Cf. Sw. _titta_; Dan. _titte_, to peep; Dan. _tittelege_, to play at bopeep.]

To-tusede, _part. pa._ entirely rumpled or tumbled, 1948. _See_ Nares, in v. _Tose_, and _Tousle_, _Toozle_, in Jam., Brockett, &c. Cf. G. _zausen_.

Toun, _n._ S. town, 1750, &c. _Tun_, 764, 1001, &c. _Tunes_, _pl._ 1444, 2277.

Tour, _n._ Fr. tower, 2073.

Tre, _n._ S. a bar or staff of wood, 1022, 1821, 1843, 1882, &c. _Dore-tre_, 1806, 1968, bar of the door.

Trewe, _adj._ S. true. 1756.

Tristen, _v._ to trust, 253.

Tro. _See_ Trowe.

Trome, _n._ S. [_truma_] a troop, company, 8.

Heo makeden heore sceld-_trome_

_Laȝam._ l. 9454.

Bisydes stondeth a feondes _trume_, And waileth hwenne the saules cume.

_Les Unze peyne_, &c. MS. Coll. Jes. 29.

The same mode of expression used above occurs lower down, l. 24, “A stalworþi man in a _flok_,” which is also found in Laȝamon,

Cador ther wes æc, þe kene wes on _flocke_. --l. 23824.

And in _Sir Guy_, H. iii.

Then came a knight that hight Sadock, A doughty man in every _flock_.

Trone, _n._ Lat. throne, 1316.

Trowe, _n._ S. to believe, trust, 1656. _Tro_, 2862. _Trowede_, _pa. t._ believed, 382. Sir Tr. p. 41.

Trusse, _v._ Fr. [_trousser_] to pack up, to truss, 2017. R. Gl. Hence to _make ready_, K. Alisaund. 7006. Minot, p. 50, which Ritson was unable to explain.

Tuenti, _num._ S. twenty, 259.

Tumberel, _n._ a porpoise, 757. In Spelm. _Timberellus_ is explained, a small whale, on the authority of Skene, Vocab. Jur. Scot. L. Forest, _Si quis cetum_. In Cotgr. also we find “_Tumbe_, the great Sea-Dragon, or Quadriver; also the Gurnard, called so at Roan.” [But the Sw. _tumlare_, a porpoise, _lit._ a tumbler, suggests that the name may be given from its _tumbling_ or _rolling_. The Dan. _tumler_, however, is a dolphin.]

Tun. _See_ Toun.

Turues, _n. pl._ S. turf, peat, 939. Chauc. C. T. 10109. V. Spelm. in v. and Jennings’ Somersetsh. Gl.

Twel _for_ Twelve, 2455.

Ueneysun, _n._ Fr. venison, 1726.

Vmbestonde, _adv._ S. for a while, formerly, 2297.

& heo seilede{n} forth, þæt inne sæ heo comen, þa _vmbe stunde_ ne sæge heo noht of londe.

_Laȝam._ l. 11967.

It is equivalent to _umbe-while_ or _vmwhile_, Sc. _umquhile_. _See_ Stunde.

Umbistode, _pa. t._ S. stood around, 1875. _See_ Bistode, Stonden.

Vn-bi-yeden, _pa. t. pl._ S. surrounded, 1842. _See_ Yede.

Vnblithe, _adj._ S. unhappy, 141. Sir Tr. p. 171.

Unbounden, _pa. t. pl._ S. unbound, 601.