Part 21
Underfong, _pa. t._ S. understood, 115. This sense of the verb is not found elsewhere. It is in the present poem synonymous with _Understod_ (as Lat. _accipere_, _percipere_).
Understonde, _v._ S. to receive, 2814. _Understod_, _pa. t._ received, 1760. _Understonde_, _pr. subj._ receive, 1159. So in K. Horn, 245, ed. Rits.
Horn child thou _vnderstond_, Tech him of harpe and song.
where the MS. Laud 108 reads _vnderfonge_. See Lumby’s ed. l. 239.
Unker, _pron. g. c. dual._ S. of you two, 1882.
Vnkeueleden, _pa. t. pl._ S. ungagged, 601. _See_ Keuel.
Unkyndelike, _adv._ S. unsuitably, 1250.
Vnornelike, _adj._ S. basely, or degradingly, 1941. The only word in the Sax. remaining to which it can be referred, is _unornlic_, tritus, Jos. 9. 5. The following instances also approach the same stock:
Ne speke y nout with Horne, Nis he nout so _vnorne._
_K. Horn_, 337.
Mi stefne is bold & noȝt _vnorne_, Ho is ilich one grete horne, & þin is ilich one pipe.
_Hule and Niȝtingale_, l. 317.
[Ihre shews that Icel. and Su.-Goth. _orna_ mean to acquire vital heat, to grow warm. Hence _unorne_ means unfervent, spiritless, feeble, old. Thus, in the _Hule and Niȝtingale_ it means _feeble_, _weak_; in Jos. 9. 5, it is used of _old, worn-out_ shoes. In the Ormulum, _unnorne_ occurs frequently, in the sense of _poor_, _mean_, _feeble_; see ll. 827, 3668; also _unnornelig_, meaning _meanly_, _humbly_, _obscurely_, in ll. 3750, 4858, 7525, 8251.]
Unride, _adj._ S. [_ungereod, ungerydu_] It is here used in various significations, most of which, however, correspond to the senses given by Somner. Large, cumbersome (of a garment), 964; unwieldy (of the bar of a door), 1795; deep, wide (of a wound), 1981, 2673; numerous, extensive (of the nobility), 2947. _Unrideste, sup._ deepest, widest, 1985. In the second sense we find it in Sir Tristr. p. 167,
Dartes wel _unride_ Beliagog set gan.
And in _Guy of Warwick_, ap. Ellis, M. R. V. 2, p. 79.
A targe he had ywrought full well, Other metal was ther none but steel, A mickle and _unrede_.
In the fourth sense we have these examples:
Opon Inglond for to were With stout ost and _unride_.
_Horn Childe_, ap. Rits. M. R. V. 3, p. 283.
Schir Rannald raugh to the renk ane rout wes _unryde_.
_Sir Gaw. and Gol._ ii. 25.
The soudan gederet an ost _unryde_.
_K. of Tars_, 142.
Cf. also _Sir Guy_, Ee. IV. in Garrick’s Collect. ‘Ameraunt drue out a swerde _unryde_.’ In the sense of huge, or unwieldy, we may also understand it in Sir Tr. p. 148, 164; Guy of Warw. ap. Ell. M. R. V. 2, p. 78; Horn Childe, ap. Rits. V. 3, p. 295. In R. Brunne, p. 174, it expresses loud, tremendous. Sir W. Scott and Hearne are both at fault in their Glossaries, and even Jamieson has done but little to set them right, beyond giving the true derivation, and then, under the cognate word _Unrude_, Doug. Virg. 167, 35, &c., errs from pure love of theory.
Vnrith, _n._ S. injustice, 1369.
Unwrast, Unwraste, _adj._ S. [_unwræste_] feeble, worthless, 2821; rotten, 547. This word occurs in the Saxon Chron. 168, 4 (ed. Thorpe, p. 321), applied to a rotten ship, and this appears to have been the original meaning. The sense in which it was subsequently used may be learnt by comparing Laȝam. ll. 13943, 29609; R. Gl. p. 586; Chron. of Engl. 662, 921; Ly Beaus Desc. 2118 (not explained by Rits.); K. Alisaund. 878; R. Cœur de L. 872, and Sevyn Sages, 1917. It is not found in Jam. Cf. A.S. _wræst_, firm.
Uoyz, _n._ Lat. voice, 1264.
Vre, _pron._ S. our, 13, 596, &c.
Vt, _prep._ S. out, 89, 155, &c. _Uth_, 346, 1178.
Ut-bidde. _See_ Bidd.
Ut-drawe, Ut-drawen, Vt-drow, Ut-drowen. _See_ Drou.
Uten, _prep._ S. out, exhausted, 842; without, foreign, as in _Uten-laddes_, 2153, 2580, foreigners.
Ut-lede. _See_ Lede.
Utrage, _n._ S. outrage, 2837.
W. _See_ Hw.
Wa, _n._ S. woe, wail, 465.
Wade, _v._ S. Lat. to pass, go, 2645. _Wede_, 2387, 2641. Vid. Nares.
Wagge, _v._ S. to wield, brandish, 89.
Waiten, Wayte, Wayten, _v._ Fr. to watch, 512, 1754, 2070. Chauc. Cf. O.Fr. _gaiter_.
Waken, _v._ S. to watch, 630. _Waked_, _part. pa._ watched, kept awake, 2999. _See_ R. Br., Sq. of L. D. 852. Chauc.
Wakne, _v._ S. to wake, awaken, 2164.
Wan, _adv._ S. when, 1962.
War, _adj._ S. aware, wary, 788, 2139.
Warie, _v._ S. to curse, 433. _Waried_, _part. pa._ cursed, 434. Emare, 667. _Wery_, Minot, p. 7. _Warrie_, Chauc. _See_ Gl. Lynds.
Warp, _pa. t._ S. threw, cast, 1061.
Al swa feor swa a mon Mihte _werpe^n_ ænne stan.
_Laȝam._ l. 17428.
So in Sc. Doug. Virg. 432, and Barb. iii. 642. V. Jam.
Washen, _v._ S. to wash, 1233.
Waste _for_ Was þe, 87.
Wastel, _n._ Fr. cake, or loaf made of finer flour, 878. _Wastels_, _pl._ 779. _See_ Todd’s Illustr. of Chauc., who derives the name from _wastell_, the vessel or basket in which the bread was carried. V. Du Cange, Spelm. Jam. In Pegge’s Form of Cury, p. 72, 159, we meet with _Wastels yfarced_.
Wat, _pron._ _See_ Hwat.
Wat, _v._ _See_ Quath.
Wat, _pp._ known, 1674. _See_ Wot.
Wawe, _n._ S. wall, 474, 2470. The phrase _bith wawe_, 474, is also found in Rits. A. S. p. 46, which is left unexplained by the Editor, and is badly guessed at by Ellis. By the aid of Moor’s Suffolk Gl. we are enabled to ascertain the meaning of an expression which is not yet obsolete. “By the walls.” Dead and not buried. “A’ lie bi’ the walls” --said, I believe, only of a human subject. [This remark only applies to l. 474. In ll. 1963, 2470, the phrase refers to the benches placed round the walls in the great hall, whereon men slept at night, and sat in council by day.] _Wowe_, 1963, 2078. Still so pronounced in Lanc., &c.
Waxen. _See_ Wex.
Wayke, _adj. pl._ S. weak, 1012.
Wayte, Wayten. _See_ Waiten.
We, 115, 287, 392, 772. Apparently an error of the scribe for _wel_, but its frequent repetition may cause it to be doubted, whether the _l_ may not have been purposely dropped.
Wede, _v._ _See_ Wade.
Wede, _n._ S. clothing, garments, 94, 323, 861. In very general use formerly, and still preserved in the phrase, a widow’s _weeds_.
Weddeth _for_ Wedded, 1127.
Wei, Weie, _n._ S. way, road, 772, 952.
Weilawa, Weilawei, _interj._ S. woe! alas! 462, 570. _See_ Gl. Sir Tr., Rits. M. R., and Chauc. [A.S. _wá la wá_, woe, lo! woe; now corrupted into _wellaway_.]
Wel, _adv._ S. full, _passim._ _Wel sixti_, 1747; _wel o-bon_. _See_ On. _Wel with me_, 2878. _Wol_, 185.
Wel, _n._ S. weal, wealth, prosperity (_for wel ne for wo_), 2777.
Welde, _v._ S. to wield, govern (a kingdom), 129, 175; (a weapon), 1436; (possessions), 2034. _Weldes_, _pr. t. 2 p._ wieldest, governest, 1359.
Wende, _v._ S. to go, 1346, 1705, 2629. _Wenden_, _pr. t. pl. subj._ 1344. _Wende_, _pr. t. pl. 2 p._ go, 1440. _Wend_, _part. pa._ turned, 2138.
Wene, _v._ S. _pres. sing_, ween, think, 655, 840, 1260, &c. _Wenes_, _pr. t. 2 p._ thinkest, 598. _Wenestu_, 1787, thinkest thou. _Wend_, _Wende_, _pa. t._ thought, 374, 524, 1091, 1803, &c. _Wenden_, _pa. t. pl._ 1197, 2547.
Wepen, _pr. t._ or _pa. t. pl._ S. weep, wept, 401.
Wepne, _n._ S. weapon, 89, 490, 1436, &c.
Wer _for_ Were, 1097.
Werd, _n._ S. world, 1290, 2241, 2335, 2792, 2968. _O worde_, in the world, 1349. Cf. _Ward_ = world, in _Lancelot of the Laik_, and _Gen. and Exod._ ed. Morris, ll. 280, 591.
Were, _v.