Part 69
Must I thus leave thee, Paradise? thus leave Thee, native soil?
Milton.
3. Dung; fæces; compost; manure; as, night soil.
Improve land by dung and other sort of soils.
Mortimer.
Soil pipe, a pipe or drain for carrying off night soil.
Soil, v. t. To enrich with soil or muck; to manure.
Men . . . soil their ground, not that they love the dirt, but that they expect a crop.
South.
Soil, n. [OF. soil, souil, F. souille, from OF. soillier, F. souiller. See Soil to make dirty.] A marshy or miry place to which a hunted boar resorts for refuge; hence, a wet place, stream, or tract of water, sought for by other game, as deer.
As deer, being stuck, fly through many soils, Yet still the shaft sticks fast.
Marston.
To take soil, to run into the mire or water; hence, to take refuge or shelter.
O, sir, have you taken soil here? It is well a man may reach you after three hours' running.
B. Jonson.
Soil, v. t.[OE. soilen, OF. soillier, F. souiller, (assumed) LL. suculare, fr. L. sucula a little pig, dim. of sus a swine. See Sow, n.] 1. To make dirty or unclean on the surface; to foul; to dirty; to defile; as, to soil a garment with dust.
Our wonted ornaments now soiled and stained.
Milton.
2. To stain or mar, as with infamy or disgrace; to tarnish; to sully. Shak.
Syn. -- To foul; dirt; dirty; begrime; bemire; bespatter; besmear; daub; bedaub; stain; tarnish; sully; defile; pollute.
Soil, v. i. To become soiled; as, light colors soil sooner than dark ones.
Soil, n. [See Soil to make dirty, Soil a miry place.] That which soils or pollutes; a soiled place; spot; stain.
A lady's honor . . . will not bear a soil.
Dryden.
Soil"i*ness (?), n. Stain; foulness. [R.] Bacon.
Soil"less, a. Destitute of soil or mold.
Soil"ure (?), n. [OF. soillure, F. souillure. See Soil to make dirty.] Stain; pollution. Shak.
Then fearing rust or soilure, fashioned for it A case of silk.
Tennyson.
Soil"y (?), a. Dirty; soiled. [Obs.] Fuller.
||Soi`ree" (?), n. [F., fr. soir evening, fr. L. serus late, serum late ||time. Cf. Serenade.] An evening party; -- distinguished from levee, ||and matinée.
So"ja (s"j or s"y), n. (Bot.) An Asiatic leguminous herb (Glycine Soja) the seeds of which are used in preparing the sauce called soy.
So"journ (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sojourned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sojourning.] [OE. sojornen, sojournen, OF. sojorner, sejorner, F. séjourner, fr. L. sub under, about + diurnus belonging to the day. See Journal, Diurnal.] To dwell for a time; to dwell or live in a place as a temporary resident or as a stranger, not considering the place as a permanent habitation; to delay; to tarry.
Abram went down into Egypt to sojourn there.
Gen. xii. 30.
Home he goeth, he might not longer sojourn.
Chaucer.
The soldiers first assembled at Newcastle, and there sojourned three days.
Hayward.
So"journ, n. [Cf. OF. sujurn, sujur, sejor, F. séjour. See Sojourn, v. i.] A temporary residence, as that of a traveler in a foreign land.
Though long detained In that obscure sojourn.
Milton.
So"journ*er (?), n. One who sojourns.
We are strangers before thee, and sojourners.
1. Chron. xxix. 15.
So"journ*ing, n. The act or state of one who sojourns.
So"journ*ment (?), n. Temporary residence, as that of a stranger or a traveler. [R.]
Soke (?), n. 1. (Eng. Law) See Soc.
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2. One of the small territorial divisions into which Lincolnshire, England, is divided.
Soke"man (?), n. See Socman.
Soke"man*ry (?), n. See Socmanry.
Sok"en (?), n. [Cf. Socome.] 1. A toll. See Soc, n., 2. [Obs.]
Great sooken had this miller, out of doubt.
Chaucer.
2. A district held by socage.
So"ko (?), n. (Zoöl.) An African anthropoid ape, supposed to be a variety of the chimpanzee.
||Sol (?), n. [L.] 1. The sun.
2. (Alchem.) Gold; -- so called from its brilliancy, color, and value. Chaucer.
Sol (?), n. [It.] (Mus.) (a) A syllable applied in solmization to the note G, or to the fifth tone of any diatonic scale. (b) The tone itself.
Sol (?), n. [See Sou.] 1. A sou.
2. A silver and gold coin of Peru. The silver sol is the unit of value, and is worth about 68 cents.
||So"la (?), a. [L., fem. of solus.] See Solus.
So"la, n. [Native name.] (Bot.) A leguminous plant (Æschynomene aspera) growing in moist places in Southern India and the East Indies. Its pithlike stem is used for making hats, swimming-jackets, etc. [Written also solah, shola.]
Sol"ace (?), n. [OF. solas, ssoulaz, L. solacium, solatium, fr. solari to comfort, console. Cf. Console, v. t.] 1. Comfort in grief; alleviation of grief or anxiety; also, that which relieves in distress; that which cheers or consoles; relief.
In business of mirth and of solace.
Chaucer.
The proper solaces of age are not music and compliments, but wisdom and devotion.
Rambler.
2. Rest; relaxation; ease. [Obs.]
To make his steed some solace.
Chaucer.
Syn. -- Comfort; consolation; alleviation; relief.
Sol"ace, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Solacing (?).] [OF. solacier, soulacier, F. solacier, LL. solatiare. See Solace, n.] 1. To cheer in grief or under calamity; to comfort; to relieve in affliction, solitude, or discomfort; to console; -- applied to persons; as, to solace one with the hope of future reward.
2. To allay; to assuage; to soothe; as, to solace grief.
Syn. -- To comfort; assuage; allay. See Comfort.
Sol"ace, v. i. To take comfort; to be cheered. Shak.
Sol"ace*ment (?), n. The act of solacing, or the state of being solaced; also, that which solaces. [R.]
So*la"cious (?), a. [Cf. OF. solacieux.] Affording solace; as, a solacious voice. [Obs.] Bale.
Sol`a*na"ceous (?), a. (Bot.) Of or pertaining to plants of the natural order Solanaceæ, of which the nightshade (Solanum) is the type. The order includes also the tobacco, ground cherry, tomato, eggplant, red pepper, and many more.
So"land (?), n. (Zoöl.) A solan goose.
So*lan"der (?), n. See Sallenders.
So"lan goose` (?). [Icel. s&?;la; akin to Norw. sula.] (Zoöl.) The common gannet.
So*la"ni*a (?), n. [NL.] (Chem.) Solanine.
So*lan"i*cine (?), n. [See Solanine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid produced by the action of hydrochloric acid on solanidine, as a tasteless yellow crystalline substance.
So*lan"i*dine (?), n. [See Solanine.] (Chem.) An alkaloid produced by the decomposition of solanine, as a white crystalline substance having a harsh bitter taste.
Sol"a*nine (?), n. [L. solanum nightshade.] (Chem.) A poisonous alkaloid glucoside extracted from the berries of common nightshade (Solanum nigrum), and of bittersweet, and from potato sprouts, as a white crystalline substance having an acrid, burning taste; -- called also solonia, and solanina.
||So*la"no (?), [Sp., fr. L. solanus (sc. ventus), from sol the sun.] A ||hot, oppressive wind which sometimes blows in the Mediterranean, ||particularly on the eastern coast of Spain.
Sol"a*noid (?), a. [Solanum + -oid.] (Med.) Resembling a potato; -- said of a kind of cancer.
So*la"num (?), n. [L., nightshade.] (Bot.) A genus of plants comprehending the potato (S. tuberosum), the eggplant (S. melongena, and several hundred other species; nightshade.
So"lar (?), n. [OE. soler, AS. solere, L. solarium, from sol the sun. See Solar, a.] A loft or upper chamber; a garret room. [Obs.] [Written also soler, solere, sollar.] Oxf. Gloss.
So"lar, a. [L. solaris, fr. sol the sun; akin to As. sl, Icel. sl, Goth. sauil, Lith. saule, W. haul,. sul, Skr. svar, perhaps to E. sun:F. solaire. Cf. Parasol. Sun.] 1. Of or pertaining to the sun; proceeding from the sun; as, the solar system; solar light; solar rays; solar influence. See Solar system, below.
2. (Astrol.) Born under the predominant influence of the sun. [Obs.]
And proud beside, as solar people are.
Dryden.
3. Measured by the progress or revolution of the sun in the ecliptic; as, the solar year.
4. Produced by the action of the sun, or peculiarly affected by its influence.
They denominate some herbs solar, and some lunar.
Bacon.
Solar cycle. See under Cycle. -- Solar day. See Day, 2. -- Solar engine, an engine in which the energy of solar heat is used to produce motion, as in evaporating water for a steam engine, or expanding air for an air engine. -- Solar flowers (Bot.), flowers which open and shut daily at certain hours. -- Solar lamp, an argand lamp. -- Solar microscope, a microscope consisting essentially, first, of a mirror for reflecting a beam of sunlight through the tube, which sometimes is fixed in a window shutter; secondly, of a condenser, or large lens, for converging the beam upon the object; and, thirdly, of a small lens, or magnifier, for throwing an enlarged image of the object at its focus upon a screen in a dark room or in a darkened box.
-- Solar month. See under Month. -- Solar oil, a paraffin oil used an illuminant and lubricant. -- Solar phosphori (Physics), certain substances, as the diamond, siulphide of barium (Bolognese or Bologna phosphorus), calcium sulphide, etc., which become phosphorescent, and shine in the dark, after exposure to sunlight or other intense light. -- Solar plexus (Anat.), a nervous plexus situated in the dorsal and anterior part of the abdomen, consisting of several sympathetic ganglia with connecting and radiating nerve fibers; -- so called in allusion to the radiating nerve fibers. -- Solar spots. See Sun spots, under Sun. -- Solar system (Astron.), the sun, with the group of celestial bodies which, held by its attraction, revolve round it. The system comprises the major planets, with their satellites; the minor planets, or asteroids, and the comets; also, the meteorids, the matter that furnishes the zodiacal light, and the rings of Saturn. The satellites that revolve about the major planets are twenty-two in number, of which the Earth has one (see Moon.), Mars two, Jupiter five, Saturn nine, Uranus four, and Neptune one. The asteroids, between Mars and Jupiter, thus far discovered (1900), number about five hundred, the first four of which were found near the beginning of the century, and are called Ceres, Pallas, Juno, and Vesta.
The principal elements of the major planets, and of the comets seen at more than one perihelion passage, are exhibited in the following tables: --
-- Solar telegraph, telegraph for signaling by flashes of reflected sunlight. -- Solar time. See Apparent time, under Time.
||So*la"ri*um (?), n.; pl. Solaria (#). [L. See Solar, n.] 1. An ||apartment freely exposed to the sun; anciently, an apartment or ||inclosure on the roof of a house; in modern times, an apartment in a ||hospital, used as a resort for convalescents.
2. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of handsome marine spiral shells of the genus Solarium and allied genera. The shell is conical, and usually has a large, deep umbilicus exposing the upper whorls. Called also perspective shell.
So`lar*i*za"tion (?), n. (Photog.) Injury of a photographic picture caused by exposing it for too long a time to the sun's light in the camera; burning; excessive insolation.
So"lar*ize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solarized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Solarizing (?).] (Photog.) To injure by too long exposure to the light of the sun in the camera; to burn.
So"lar*ize, v. i. (Photog.) To become injured by undue or too long exposure to the sun's rays in the camera.
So"la*ry (?), a. Solar. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Sol"as (?), n. Solace. [Obs.] Chaucer.
||So*la"ti*um (?), n. [L. See Solace, n.] Anything which alleviates or ||compensates for suffering or loss; a compensation; esp., an ||additional allowance, as for injured feelings.
Sold (?), imp. & p. p. of Sell.
Sold, n. [F. solde. See Soldier, and cf. Sou.] Solary; military pay. [Obs.] Spenser.
Sol"dan (?), n.[OE. soudan, F. soudan, from the Arabic. See Sultan.] A sultan. [Obs.] Milton.
Sol"da*nel (?), n. (Bot.) A plant of the genus Soldanella, low Alpine herbs of the Primrose family.
Sol"dan*rie (?), n. The country ruled by a soldan, or sultan. [Poet.] Sir W. Scott.
Sol"der (?), n. [Formerly soder; F. soudure, OF. soudeure, fr. OF. & F. souder to solder, L. solidare to fasten, to make solid. See Solid, and cf. Sawder.] A metal or metallic alloy used when melted for uniting adjacent metallic edges or surfaces; a metallic cement. Hence, anything which unites or cements.
Hard solder, a solder which fuses only at a red heat, as one composed of zinc and copper, or silver and copper, etc. -- Soft solder, a solder fusible at comparatively low temperatures; as, plumbers' solder, consisting of two parts lead and one part tin, is a soft solder.
Sol"der, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soldered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Soldering.] [Formerlysoder. See Solder, n.] 1. To unite (metallic surfaces or edges) by the intervention of a more fusible metal or metallic alloy applied when melted; to join by means of metallic cement.
2. To mend; to patch up. "To solder up a broken cause." Hooker.
Sol"der*er (?), n. One who solders.
Sol"der*ing, a. & n. from Solder, v. t.
Soldering iron, Soldering tool, an instrument for soldering, consisting of a bit or bolt of copper having a pointed or wedge-shaped end, and furnished with a handle.
Sol"dier (?), n. [OE. souldier, soudiour, souder, OF. soldier, soldoier, soldeier, sodoier, soudoier, soudier, fr. L. solidus a piece of money (hence applied to the pay of a soldier), fr. solidus solid. See Solid, and cf. Sold, n.] 1. One who is engaged in military service as an officer or a private; one who serves in an army; one of an organized body of combatants.
I am a soldier and unapt to weep.
Shak.
2. Especially, a private in military service, as distinguished from an officer.
It were meet that any one, before he came to be a captain, should have been a soldier.
Spenser.
3. A brave warrior; a man of military experience and skill, or a man of distinguished valor; -- used by way of emphasis or distinction. Shak.
4. (Zoöl.) The red or cuckoo gurnard (Trigla pini.) [Prov. Eng.]
5. (Zoöl.) One of the asexual polymorphic forms of white ants, or termites, in which the head and jaws are very large and strong. The soldiers serve to defend the nest. See Termite.
Soldier beetle (Zoöl.), an American carabid beetle (Chauliognathus Americanus) whose larva feeds upon other insects, such as the plum curculio. -- Soldier bug (Zoöl.), any hemipterous insect of the genus Podisus and allied genera, as the spined soldier bug (Podius spinosus). These bugs suck the blood of other insects. -- Soldier crab (Zoöl.) (a) The hermit crab. (b) The fiddler crab. -- Soldier fish (Zoöl.), a bright-colored etheostomoid fish (Etheostoma cœruleum) found in the Mississippi River; -- called also blue darter, and rainbow darter. -- Soldier fly (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of small dipterous flies of the genus Stratyomys and allied genera. They are often bright green, with a metallic luster, and are ornamented on the sides of the back with markings of yellow, like epaulets or shoulder straps. -- Soldier moth (Zoöl.), a large geometrid moth (Euschema militaris), having the wings bright yellow with bluish black lines and spots. -- Soldier orchis (Bot.), a kind of orchis (Orchis militaris).
Sol"dier, v. i. 1. To serve as a soldier.
2. To make a pretense of doing something, or of performing any task. [Colloq.U.S.]
In this sense the vulgar pronounciation (s"jr) is jocosely preserved.
It needs an opera glass to discover whether the leaders are pulling, or only soldiering.
C. D. Warner.
Sol"dier*ess, n. A female soldier. [Obs.]
Sol"dier*ing, n. 1. The act of serving as a soldier; the state of being a soldier; the occupation of a soldier.
2. The act of feigning to work. See the Note under Soldier, v. i., 2. [Colloq. U.S.]
Sol"dier*like" (?), a. Like a soldier; soldierly.
Sol"dier*ly, a. Like or becoming a real soldier; brave; martial; heroic; honorable; soldierlike. "Soldierly discipline." Sir P. Sidney.
Sol"dier*ship, n. Military qualities or state; martial skill; behavior becoming a soldier. [R.] Shak.
Sol"dier*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A showy leguminous plant (Calliandra purpurea) of the West Indies. The flowers have long tassels of purple stamens.
Sol"dier*y (?), n. 1. A body of soldiers; soldiers, collectivelly; the military.
A camp of faithful soldiery.
Milton.
2. Military service. [Obs.] Sir P. Sidney.
||Sol"do (?), n.; pl. Soldi (#). [It. See Sou.] A small Italian coin ||worth a sou or a cent; the twentieth part of a lira.
Sole (?), n. [F. sole, L. solea; -- so named from its flat shape. See Sole of the foot.] (Zoöl.) (a) Any one of several species of flatfishes of the genus Solea and allied genera of the family Soleidæ, especially the common European species (Solea vulgaris), which is a valuable food fish. (b) Any one of several American flounders somewhat resembling the true sole in form or quality, as the California sole (Lepidopsetta bilineata), the long-finned sole (Glyptocephalus zachirus), and other species.
Lemon, or French, sole (Zoöl.), a European species of sole (Solea pegusa). -- Smooth sole (Zoöl.), the megrim.
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Sole (?), n. [AS. sole, fr. L. soolea (or rather an assumed L. sola), akin to solumround, soil, sole of the foot. Cf. Exile, Saloon, Soil earth, Sole the fish.] 1. The bottom of the foot; hence, also, rarely, the foot itself.
The dove found no rest for the sole of her foot.
Gen. viii. 9.
Hast wandered through the world now long a day, Yet ceasest not thy weary soles to lead.
Spenser.
2. The bottom of a shoe or boot, or the piece of leather which constitutes the bottom.
The "caliga" was a military shoe, with a very thick sole, tied above the instep.
Arbuthnot.
3. The bottom or lower part of anything, or that on which anything rests in standing. Specifially: (a) (Agric.) The bottom of the body of a plow; -- called also slade; also, the bottom of a furrow. (b) (Far.) The horny substance under a horse's foot, which protects the more tender parts. (c) (Fort.) The bottom of an embrasure. (d) (Naut.) A piece of timber attached to the lower part of the rudder, to make it even with the false keel. Totten. (e) (Mining) The seat or bottom of a mine; -- applied to horizontal veins or lodes.
Sole leather, thick, strong, used for making the soles of boots and shoes, and for other purposes.
Sole, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Soling.] To furnish with a sole; as, to sole a shoe.
Sole, a. [L. solus, or OF. sol, F. seul (fr. L. solus; cf. L. sollus whole, entire. Cf. Desolate, Solemn, Solo, Sullen.] 1. Being or acting without another; single; individual; only. "The sole son of my queen." Shak.
He, be sure . . . first and last will reign Sole king.
Milton.
2. (Law) Single; unmarried; as, a feme sole.
Corporation sole. See the Note under Corporation.
Syn. -- Single; individual; only; alone; solitary.
Sol"e*cism (?), n.[F. solécisme, L. soloecismus, Gr. soloikismo`s, fr. soloiki`zein to speak or write incorrectly, fr. so`loikos speaking incorrectly, from the corruption of the Attic dialect among the Athenian colonists of So`loi in Cilicia.] 1. An impropriety or incongruity of language in the combination of words or parts of a sentence; esp., deviation from the idiom of a language or from the rules of syntax.
A barbarism may be in one word; a solecism must be of more.
Johnson.
2. Any inconsistency, unfitness, absurdity, or impropriety, as in deeds or manners.
Cæsar, by dismissing his guards and retaining his power, committed a dangerous solecism in politics.
C. Middleton.
The idea of having committed the slightest solecism in politeness was agony to him.
Sir W. Scott.
Syn. -- Barbarism; impropriety; absurdity.
Sol"e*cist (?), n. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;.] One who commits a solecism. Blackwall.
Sol`e*cis"tic (?), a. Solecistical.
Sol`e*cis"tic*al (?), a. Pertaining to, or involving, a solecism; incorrect. "He thought it made the language solecistical and absurd." Blackwall.
Sol`e*cis"tic*al*ly, adv. In a solecistic manner.
Sol"e*cize (?), v. i. [Gr. &?;&?;&?;&?;&?;.] To commit a solecism. [R.] Dr. H. More.
Sole"ly (?), adv. Singly; alone; only; without another; as, to rest a cause solely one argument; to rely solelyn one's own strength.
Sol"emn (?), a. [OE. solempne, OF. solempne, L. solemnis, solennis, sollemnis, sollennis; sollus all, entire + annus a year; properly, that takes place every year; -- used especially of religious solemnities. Cf. Silly, Annual.] 1. Marked with religious rites and pomps; enjoined by, or connected with, religion; sacred.
His holy rites and solemn feasts profaned.
Milton.
The worship of this image was advanced, and a solemn supplication observed everry year.
Bp. Stillingfleet.
2. Pertaining to a festival; festive; festal. [Obs.] "On this solemn day." Chaucer.
3. Stately; ceremonious; grand. [Archaic]
His feast so solemn and so rich.
Chaucer.
To-night we hold a splemn supper.
Shak.
4. Fitted to awaken or express serious reflections; marked by seriousness; serious; grave; devout; as, a solemn promise; solemn earnestness.
Nor wanting power to mitigate and swage With solemn touches troubled thoughts.
Milton.
There reigned a solemn silence over all.
Spenser.
5. Real; earnest; downright. [Obs. & R.]
Frederick, the emperor, . . . has spared no expense in strengthening this city; since which time we find no solemn taking it by the Turks.
Fuller.
6. Affectedly grave or serious; as, to put on a solemn face. "A solemn coxcomb." Swift.
7. (Law) Made in form; ceremonious; as, solemn war; conforming with all legal requirements; as, probate in solemn form. Burrill. Jarman. Greenleaf.
Solemn League and Covenant. See Covenant, 2.
Syn. -- Grave; formal; ritual; ceremonial; sober; serious; reverential; devotional; devout. See Grave.
Sol"em*ness (?), n. Solemnness.
Some think he wanted solemnes.
Sir H. Wotton.
So*lem"ni*ty (?), n.; pl. Solemnities (#). [L. solemnitas, solennitas: cf. F. solennité, solemnité, OF. also sollempnité.] 1. A rite or ceremony performed with religious reverence; religious or ritual ceremony; as, the solemnity of a funeral, a sacrament.
Great was the cause; our old solemnities From no blind zeal or fond tradition rise, But saved from death, our Argives yearly pay These grateful honors to the god of day.
Pope.
2. ceremony adapted to impress with awe.
The forms and solemnities of the last judgment.
Atterburry.
3. Ceremoniousness; impressiveness; seriousness; grave earnestness; formal dignity; gravity.
With much glory and great solemnity.
Chaucer.
The statelines and gravity of the Spaniards shows itself in the solemnity of their language.
Addison.
These promises were often made with great solemnity and confirmed with an oath.
J. Edwards.
4. Hence, affected gravity or seriousness.
Solemnity 's a cover for a sot.
Young.
5. Solemn state or feeling; awe or reverence; also, that which produces such a feeling; as, the solemnity of an audience; the solemnity of Westminster Abbey.
6. (Law) A solemn or formal observance; proceeding according to due form; the formality which is necessary to render a thing done valid.
So*lem"ni*zate (?), v. t. To solemnize; as, to solemnizate matrimony. [R.] Bp. Burnet.
Sol`em*ni*za"tion (?), n. [Cf. F. solemnisation, solennisation.] The act of solemnizing; celebration; as, the solemnization of a marriage.
Sol"em*nize (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Solemnized (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Solemnizing (?).] [Cf. F. solemniser, sollemniser.] 1. To perform with solemn or ritual ceremonies, or according to legal forms.
Baptism to be administered in one place, and marriage solemnized in another.
Hooker.
2. To dignify or honor by ceremonies; to celebrate.
Their choice nobility and flowers . . . Met from all parts to solemnize this feast.
Milton.
3. To make grave, serious, and reverential.
Wordsworth was solemnizzed and elevated by this his first look on Yarrow.
J. C. Shairp.
Every Israelite . . . arose, solemnized his face, looked towards Jerusalem . . . and prayed.
L. Wallace.
Sol"em*nize, n. Solemnization. [R.]
Though spoused, yet wanting wedlock's solemnize.