Part 74
Sou*a"ri nut` (?). (Bot.) The large edible nutlike seed of a tall tropical American tree (Caryocar nuciferum) of the same natural order with the tea plant; -- also called butternut. [Written also sawarra nut.]
||Sou"bah (?), n. See Subah.
||Sou"bah*dar (?), n. See Subahdar.
Sou`brette", n. [F.] A female servant or attendant; specifically, as a term of the theater, a lady's maid, in comedies, who acts the part of an intrigante; a meddlesome, mischievous female servant or young woman.
Sou`bri`quet" (?), n. See Sobriquet.
Souce (?), n. See 1st Souse.
Souce, v. t. & i. See Souse. [Obs.] penser.
Sou*chong" (?), n. [Chin. seou chong little plant or sort.] A kind of black tea of a fine quality.
Sou*dan" (?), n.[F.] A sultan. [Obs.]
Soud"ed (&?;), Soud"et (&?;), a. [See Solder.] United; consolidated; made firm; strengthened. [Obs.]
O martyr souded for virginity!
Chaucer.
Souf"fle (?), n. [F.] (Med.) A murmuring or blowing sound; as, the uterine souffle heard over the pregnant uterus.
Souf"flé (?), n. [F., fr. soufflé, p. p. of souffler to puff.] (Cookery) A side dish served hot from the oven at dinner, made of eggs, milk, and flour or other farinaceous substance, beaten till very light, and flavored with fruits, liquors, or essence.
Sough (?), n. A sow. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Sough (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A small drain; an adit. [Prov. Eng.] W. M. Buchanan.
Sough (?; 277), n. [Cf. Icel. s&?;gr (in comp.) a rushing sound, or OE. swough, swogh, a sound, AS. sw&?;gan to rustle. Cf. Surf, Swoon, v. i.] 1. The sound produced by soughing; a hollow murmur or roaring.
The whispering leaves or solemn sough of the forest.
W. Howitt.
2. Hence, a vague rumor or flying report. [Scot.]
3. A cant or whining mode of speaking, especially in preaching or praying. [Scot.] Jamieson.
Sough, v. i. To whistle or sigh, as the wind.
Sought (?), imp. & p. p. of Seek.
Souke (?), v. t. & i. To suck. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Soul (?), a. Sole. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Soul (?), a. Sole. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Soul, v. i. [F. soûler to satiate. See Soil to feed.] To afford suitable sustenance. [Obs.] Warner.
Soul, n. [OE. soule, saule, AS. swel, swl; akin to OFries. s&?;le, OS. s&?;ola, D. ziel, G. seele, OHG. s&?;la, s&?;ula, Icel. sla, Sw. själ, Dan. siæl, Goth. saiwala; of uncertain origin, perhaps akin to L. saeculum a lifetime, age (cf. Secular.)] 1. The spiritual, rational, and immortal part in man; that part of man which enables him to think, and which renders him a subject of moral government; -- sometimes, in distinction from the higher nature, or spirit, of man, the so-called animal soul, that is, the seat of life, the sensitive affections and phantasy, exclusive of the voluntary and rational powers; -- sometimes, in distinction from the mind, the moral and emotional part of man's nature, the seat of feeling, in distinction from intellect; -- sometimes, the intellect only; the understanding; the seat of knowledge, as distinguished from feeling. In a more general sense, "an animating, separable, surviving entity, the vehicle of individual personal existence." Tylor.
The eyes of our souls only then begin to see, when our bodily eyes are closing.
Law.
2. The seat of real life or vitality; the source of action; the animating or essential part. "The hidden soul of harmony." Milton.
Thou sun, of this great world both eye and soul.
Milton.
3. The leader; the inspirer; the moving spirit; the heart; as, the soul of an enterprise; an able general is the soul of his army.
He is the very soul of bounty!
Shak.
4. Energy; courage; spirit; fervor; affection, or any other noble manifestation of the heart or moral nature; inherent power or goodness.
That he wants algebra he must confess; But not a soul to give our arms success.
Young.
5. A human being; a person; -- a familiar appellation, usually with a qualifying epithet; as, poor soul.
As cold waters to a thirsty soul, so is good news from a far country.
Prov. xxv. 25.
God forbid so many simple souls Should perish by the aword!
Shak.
Now mistress Gilpin (careful soul).
Cowper.
6. A pure or disembodied spirit.
That to his only Son . . . every soul in heaven Shall bend the knee.
Milton.
Soul is used in the formation of numerous compounds, most of which are of obvious signification; as, soul-betraying, soul-consuming, soul-destroying, soul- distracting, soul-enfeebling, soul-exalting, soul-felt, soul-harrowing, soul-piercing, soul-quickening, soul-reviving, soul-stirring, soul-subduing, soul-withering, etc.
Syn. -- Spirit; life; courage; fire; ardor.
Cure of souls. See Cure, n., 2. -- Soul bell, the passing bell. Bp. Hall. -- Soul foot. See Soul scot, below. [Obs.] -- Soul scot or Soul shot. [Soul + scot, or shot; cf. AS. swelsceat.] (O. Eccl. Law) A funeral duty paid in former times for a requiem for the soul. Ayliffe.
Soul (?), v. t. To indue with a soul; to furnish with a soul or mind. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Souled (?), a. Furnished with a soul; possessing soul and feeling; -- used chiefly in composition; as, great-souled Hector. "Grecian chiefs . . . largely souled." Dryden.
||Sou"li*li` (?), n. (Zoöl.) A long-tailed, crested Javan monkey ||(Semnopithecus mitratus). The head, the crest, and the upper surface ||of the tail, are black.
Soul"less (?), a. Being without a soul, or without greatness or nobleness of mind; mean; spiritless.
Slave, souless villain, dog!
Shak.
Soul"less*ly, adv. In a soulless manner. Tylor.
Soun (?), n. & v. Sound. [Obs.] aucer.
Sound (?), n. [AS. sund a swimming, akin to E. swim. See Swim.] The air bladder of a fish; as, cod sounds are an esteemed article of food.
Sound, n. (Zoöl.) A cuttlefish. [Obs.] Ainsworth.
Sound, a. [Compar. Sounder (?); superl. Soundest.] [OE. sound, AS. sund; akin to D. gezond, G. gesund, OHG. gisunt, Dan. & Sw. sund, and perhaps to L. sanus. Cf. Sane.] 1. Whole; unbroken; unharmed; free from flaw, defect, or decay; perfect of the kind; as, sound timber; sound fruit; a sound tooth; a sound ship.
2. Healthy; not diseased; not being in a morbid state; -- said of body or mind; as, a sound body; a sound constitution; a sound understanding.
3. Firm; strong; safe.
The brasswork here, how rich it is in beams, And how, besides, it makes the whole house sound.
Chapman.
4. Free from error; correct; right; honest; true; faithful; orthodox; -- said of persons; as, a sound lawyer; a sound thinker.
Do not I know you a favorer Of this new seat? Ye are nor sound.
Shak.
5. Founded in truth or right; supported by justice; not to be overthrown on refuted; not fallacious; as, sound argument or reasoning; a sound objection; sound doctrine; sound principles.
Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me.
2 Tim. i. 13.
6. heavy; laid on with force; as, a sound beating.
7. Undisturbed; deep; profound; as, sound sleep.
8. Founded in law; legal; valid; not defective; as, a sound title to land.
Sound is sometimes used in the formation of self- explaining compounds; as, sound-headed, sound-hearted, sound-timbered, etc.
Sound currency (Com.), a currency whose actual value is the same as its nominal value; a currency which does not deteriorate or depreciate or fluctuate in comparision with the standard of values.
Sound, adv. Soundly.
So sound he slept that naught might him awake.
Spenser.
Sound, n. [AS. sund a narrow sea or strait; akin to Icel., Sw., Dan. & G. sund, probably so named because it could be swum across. See Swim.] (Geog.) A narrow passage of water, or a strait between the mainland and an island; also, a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea or lake with the ocean; as, the Sound between the Baltic and the german Ocean; Long Island Sound.
The Sound of Denmark, where ships pay toll.
Camden.
Sound dues, tolls formerly imposed by Denmark on vessels passing through the Baltic Sound.
Sound, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sounded; p. pr. & vb. n. Sounding.] [F. sonder; cf. AS. sundgyrd a sounding rod, sundline a sounding line (see Sound a narrow passage of water).] 1. To measure the depth of; to fathom; especially, to ascertain the depth of by means of a line and plummet.
2. Fig.: To ascertain, or try to ascertain, the thoughts, motives, and purposes of (a person); to examine; to try; to test; to probe.
I was in jest, And by that offer meant to sound your breast.
Dryden.
I've sounded my Numidians man by man.
Addison.
3. (Med.) To explore, as the bladder or urethra, with a sound; to examine with a sound; also, to examine by auscultation or percussion; as, to sound a patient.
<! p. 1375 !>
Sound (?), v. i. To ascertain the depth of water with a sounding line or other device.
I sound as a shipman soundeth in the sea with his plummet to know the depth of sea.
Palsgrave.
Sound, n. [F. sonde. See Sound to fathom.] (Med.) Any elongated instrument or probe, usually metallic, by which cavities of the body are sounded or explored, especially the bladder for stone, or the urethra for a stricture.
Sound, n. [OE. soun, OF. son, sun, F. son, fr. L. sonus akin to Skr. svana sound, svan to sound, and perh. to E. swan. Cf. Assonant, Consonant, Person, Sonata, Sonnet, Sonorous, Swan.] 1. The peceived object occasioned by the impulse or vibration of a material substance affecting the ear; a sensation or perception of the mind received through the ear, and produced by the impulse or vibration of the air or other medium with which the ear is in contact; the effect of an impression made on the organs of hearing by an impulse or vibration of the air caused by a collision of bodies, or by other means; noise; report; as, the sound of a drum; the sound of the human voice; a horrid sound; a charming sound; a sharp, high, or shrill sound.
The warlike sound Of trumpets loud and clarions.
Milton.
2. The occasion of sound; the impulse or vibration which would occasion sound to a percipient if present with unimpaired; hence, the theory of vibrations in elastic media such cause sound; as, a treatise on sound.
In this sense, sounds are spoken of as audible and inaudible.
3. Noise without signification; empty noise; noise and nothing else.
Sense and not sound . . . must be the principle.
Locke.
Sound boarding, boards for holding pugging, placed in partitions of under floors in order to deaden sounds. - - Sound bow, in a series of transverse sections of a bell, that segment against which the clapper strikes, being the part which is most efficacious in producing the sound. See Illust. of Bell. -- Sound post. (Mus.) See Sounding post, under Sounding.
Sound, v. i. [OE. sounen, sownen, OF. soner, suner, F. sonner, from L. sonare. See Sound a noise.] 1. To make a noise; to utter a voice; to make an impulse of the air that shall strike the organs of hearing with a perceptible effect. "And first taught speaking trumpets how to sound." Dryden.
How silver-sweet sound lovers' tongues!
Shak.
2. To be conveyed in sound; to be spread or published; to convey intelligence by sound.
From you sounded out the word of the Lord.
1 Thess. i. 8.
3. To make or convey a certain impression, or to have a certain import, when heard; hence, to seem; to appear; as, this reproof sounds harsh; the story sounds like an invention.
Good sir, why do you start, and seem to fear Things that do sound so fair?
Shak.
To sound in or into, to tend to; to partake of the nature of; to be consonant with. [Obs., except in the phrase To sound in damages, below.]
Soun[d]ing in moral virtue was his speech.
Chaucer.
-- To sound in damages (Law), to have the essential quality of damages. This is said of an action brought, not for the recovery of a specific thing, as replevin, etc., but for damages only, as trespass, and the like.
Sound, v. t. 1. To causse to make a noise; to play on; as, to sound a trumpet or a horn.
A bagpipe well could he play and soun[d].
Chaucer.
2. To cause to exit as a sound; as, to sound a note with the voice, or on an instrument.
3. To order, direct, indicate, or proclain by a sound, or sounds; to give a signal for by a certain sound; as, to sound a retreat; to sound a parley.
The clock sounded the hour of noon.
G. H. Lewes.
4. To celebrate or honor by sounds; to cause to be reported; to publish or proclaim; as, to sound the praises of fame of a great man or a great exploit.
5. To examine the condition of (anything) by causing the same to emit sounds and noting their character; as, to sound a piece of timber; to sound a vase; to sound the lungs of a patient.
6. To signify; to import; to denote. [Obs.] Milton.
Soun[d]ing alway the increase of his winning.
Chaucer.
Sound"a*ble (?), a. Capable of being sounded.
Sound"age (?; 48), n. Dues for soundings.
Sound"-board` (?), n. A sounding- board.
To many a row of pipes the sound-board breathes.
Milton.
Sound"er (?), n. One who, or that which; sounds; specifically, an instrument used in telegraphy in place of a register, the communications being read by sound.
Sound"er, n. (Zoöl.) A herd of wild hogs.
Sound"ing, a. Making or emitting sound; hence, sonorous; as, sounding words. Dryden.
Sound"ing, n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, sounds (in any of the senses of the several verbs).
2. (Naut.) [From Sound to fathom.] (a) measurement by sounding; also, the depth so ascertained. (b) Any place or part of the ocean, or other water, where a sounding line will reach the bottom; -- usually in the plural. (c) The sand, shells, or the like, that are brought up by the sounding lead when it has touched bottom.
Sounding lead, the plummet at the end of a sounding line. -- Sounding line, a line having a plummet at the end, used in making soundings. -- Sounding post (Mus.), a small post in a violin, violoncello, or similar instrument, set under the bridge as a support, for propagating the sounds to the body of the instrument; -- called also sound post. -- Sounding rod (Naut.), a rod used to ascertain the depth of water in a ship's hold. -- In soundings, within the eighty-fathom line. Ham. Nav. Encyc.
Sound"ing-board` (?), n. 1. (Mus.) A thin board which propagates the sound in a piano, in a violin, and in some other musical instruments.
2. A board or structure placed behind or over a pulpit or rostrum to give distinctness to a speaker's voice.
3. pl. See Sound boarding, under Sound, a noise.
Sound"less (?), a. Not capable of being sounded or fathomed; unfathomable. Shak.
Sound"less, a. Having no sound; noiseless; silent. -- Sound"less*ly, adv. -- Sound"less*ness, n.
Sound"ly, adv. In a sound manner.
Sound"ness, n. The quality or state of being sound; as, the soundness of timber, of fruit, of the teeth, etc.; the soundness of reasoning or argument; soundness of faith.
Syn. -- Firmness; strength; solidity; healthiness; truth; rectitude.
Soune (?), v. t. & i. To sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Sounst (?), a. Soused. See Souse. [Obs.]
Soup (?), n. [F. soupe, OF. sope, supe, soupe, perhaps originally, a piece of bread; probably of Teutonic origin; cf. D. sop sop, G. suppe soup. See Sop something dipped in a liquid, and cf. Supper.] A liquid food of many kinds, usually made by boiling meat and vegetables, or either of them, in water, -- commonly seasoned or flavored; strong broth.
Soup kitchen, an establishment for preparing and supplying soup to the poor. -- Soup ticket, a ticket conferring the privilege of receiving soup at a soup kitchen.
Soup, v. t. To sup or swallow. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Soup, v. t. To breathe out. [Obs.] amden.
Soup, v. t. To sweep. See Sweep, and Swoop. [Obs.]
||Soupe`-mai"gre (?), n. [F.] (Cookery) Soup made chiefly from ||vegetables or fish with a little butter and a few condiments.
Sou"ple (?), n. That part of a flail which strikes the grain. Knight.
Soup"y (?), a. Resembling soup; souplike.
Sour (?), a. [Compar. Sourer (?); superl. Sourest.] [OE. sour, sur, AS. s&?;r; akin to D. zuur, G. sauer, OHG. s&?;r, Icel. s&?;rr, Sw. sur, Dan. suur, Lith. suras salt, Russ. surovui harsh, rough. Cf. Sorrel, the plant.] 1. Having an acid or sharp, biting taste, like vinegar, and the juices of most unripe fruits; acid; tart.
All sour things, as vinegar, provoke appetite.
Bacon.
2. Changed, as by keeping, so as to be acid, rancid, or musty, turned.
3. Disagreeable; unpleasant; hence; cross; crabbed; peevish; morose; as, a man of a sour temper; a sour reply. "A sour countenance." Swift.
He was a scholar . . . Lofty and sour to them that loved him not, But to those men that sought him sweet as summer.
Shak.
4. Afflictive; painful. "Sour adversity." Shak.
5. Cold and unproductive; as, sour land; a sour marsh.
Sour dock (Bot.), sorrel. -- Sour gourd (Bot.), the gourdlike fruit Adansonia Gregorii, and A. digitata; also, either of the trees bearing this fruit. See Adansonia. -- Sour grapes. See under Grape. -- Sour gum (Bot.) See Turelo. -- Sour plum (Bot.), the edible acid fruit of an Australian tree (Owenia venosa); also, the tree itself, which furnished a hard reddish wood used by wheelwrights.
Syn. -- Acid; sharp; tart; acetous; acetose; harsh; acrimonious; crabbed; currish; peevish.
Sour, n. A sour or acid substance; whatever produces a painful effect. Spenser.
Sour, v. t. [AS. s&?;rian to sour, to become sour.] 1. To cause to become sour; to cause to turn from sweet to sour; as, exposure to the air sours many substances.
So the sun's heat, with different powers, Ripens the grape, the liquor sours.
Swift.
2. To make cold and unproductive, as soil. Mortimer.
3. To make unhappy, uneasy, or less agreeable.
To sour your happiness I must report, The queen is dead.
Shak.
4. To cause or permit to become harsh or unkindly. "Souring his cheeks." Shak.
Pride had not sour'd nor wrath debased my heart.
Harte.
5. To macerate, and render fit for plaster or mortar; as, to sour lime for business purposes.
Sour, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Soured (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Souring.] To become sour; to turn from sweet to sour; as, milk soon sours in hot weather; a kind temper sometimes sours in adversity.
They keep out melancholy from the virtuous, and hinder the hatred of vice from souring into severity.
Addison.
Source (?), n. [OE. sours, OF. sourse, surse, sorse, F. source, fr. OF. sors, p. p. of OF. sordre, surdre, sourdre, to spring forth or up, F. sourdre, fr. L. surgere to lift or raise up, to spring up. See Surge, and cf. Souse to plunge or swoop as a bird upon its prey.] 1. The act of rising; a rise; an ascent. [Obs.]
Therefore right as an hawk upon a sours Up springeth into the air, right so prayers . . . Maken their sours to Goddes ears two.
Chaucer.
2. The rising from the ground, or beginning, of a stream of water or the like; a spring; a fountain.
Where as the Poo out of a welle small Taketh his firste springing and his sours.
Chaucer.
Kings that rule Behind the hidden sources of the Nile.
Addison.
3. That from which anything comes forth, regarded as its cause or origin; the person from whom anything originates; first cause.
This source of ideas every man has wholly in himself.
Locke.
The source of Newton's light, of Bacon's sense.
Pope.
Syn. -- See Origin.
Sour"crout` (?), n. See Sauerkraut.
Sourde (?), v. i. [F. sourdre. See Source.] To have origin or source; to rise; to spring. [Obs.]
Now might men ask whereof that pride sourdeth.
Chaucer.
Sour"ing (?), n. (Bot.) Any sour apple.
Sour"ish, a. Somewhat sour; moderately acid; as, sourish fruit; a sourish taste.
Sour"krout` (?), n. Same as Sauerkraut.
Sour"ly, adv. In a sour manner; with sourness.
Sour"ness, n. The quality or state of being sour.
Sours (?), n. Source. See Source. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Sour"sop` (?), n. (Bot.) The large succulent and slightly acid fruit of a small tree (Anona muricata) of the West Indies; also, the tree itself. It is closely allied to the custard apple.
Sour"wood` (?), n. (Bot.) The sorrel tree.
{ Sous, Souse } (F. s; colloq. Eng. sous), n. A corrupt form of Sou. [Obs.] Colman, the Elder.
Souse (?), n. [OF. sausse. See Sauce.] [Written also souce, sowce, and sowse.] 1. Pickle made with salt.
2. Something kept or steeped in pickle; esp., the pickled ears, feet, etc., of swine.
And he that can rear up a pig in his house, Hath cheaper his bacon, and sweeter his souse.
Tusser.
3. The ear; especially, a hog's ear. [Prov. Eng.]
4. The act of sousing; a plunging into water.
Souse, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Soused (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sousing.] [Cf. F. saucer to wet with sauce. See Souse pickle.] 1. To steep in pickle; to pickle. "A soused gurnet." Shak.
2. To plunge or immerse in water or any liquid.
They soused me over head and ears in water.
Addison.
3. To drench, as by an immersion; to wet throughly.
Although I be well soused in this shower.
Gascoigne.
Souse, v. i. [Probably fr. OF. sors, p. p. of sordre to rise, and first used of an upward swood, then of a swoop in general, but also confused with Souse, v. t. See Source.] To swoop or plunge, as a bird upon its prey; to fall suddenly; to rush with speed; to make a sudden attack.
For then I viewed his plunge and souse Into the foamy main.
Marston.
Jove's bird will souse upon the timorous hare.
J. Dryden. Jr.
Souse, v. t. To pounce upon. [R.]
[The gallant monarch] like eagle o'er his serie towers, To souse annoyance that comes near his nest.
Shak.
Souse, n. The act of sousing, or swooping.
As a falcon fair That once hath failed or her souse full near.
Spenser.
Souse, adv. With a sudden swoop; violently. Young.
Sous"lik (?), n. [F.] (Zoöl.) See Suslik.
Sout (?), n. Soot. [Obs.] Spenser.
||Sou`tache" (?), n. [F.] A kind of narrow braid, usually of silk; -- ||also known as Russian braid.
Sout"age (? or ?; 48), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] That in which anything is packed; bagging, as for hops. [Obs.] Halliwell.
||Sou`tane" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. sotana, or It. sottana, LL. subtana, ||fr. L. subtus below, beneath, fr. sub under.] (Eccl. Costume) A close ||garnment with straight sleeves, and skirts reaching to the ankles, ||and buttoned in front from top to bottom; especially, the black ||garment of this shape worn by the clergy in France and Italy as their ||daily dress; a cassock.
Sou"ter (?), n. [AS. s&?;t&?;re, fr. It. sutor, fr. suere to sew.] A shoemaker; a cobbler. [Obs.] Chaucer.
There is no work better than another to please God: . . . to wash dishes, to be a souter, or an apostle, -- all is one.
Tyndale.
Sou"ter*ly, a. Of or pertaining to a cobbler or cobblers; like a cobbler; hence, vulgar; low. [Obs.]
Sou"ter*rain (?), n. [F. See Subterranean.] A grotto or cavern under ground. [Obs.] Arbuthnot.