Part 87
Springing line of an arch (Arch.), the horizontal line drawn through the junction of the vertical face of the impost with the curve of the intrados; -- called also spring of an arch.
Sprin"gle (?), n. A springe. [Prov. Eng.]
Spring"let (?), n. A little spring.
But yet from out the little hill Oozes the slender springlet still.
Sir W. Scott.
Spring"tail` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of numerous species of small apterous insects belonging to the order Thysanura. They have two elastic caudal stylets which can be bent under the abdomen and then suddenly extended like a spring, thus enabling them to leap to a considerable distance. See Collembola, and Podura.
Spring"tide (?), n. The time of spring; springtime. Thomson.
Spring"time` (?), n. The season of spring; springtide.
Spring"y (?), a. [Compar. Springier (?); superl. Springiest.] [From Spring.] 1. Resembling, having the qualities of, or pertaining to, a spring; elastic; as, springy steel; a springy step.
Though her little frame was slight, it was firm and springy.
Sir W. Scott.
2. Abounding with springs or fountains; wet; spongy; as, springy land.
Sprin"kle (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Sprinkled (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sprinkling (?).] [OE. sprenkelen, freq. of sprengen to sprinkle, to scatter, AS. sprengan, properly, to make to spring, causative of springan to spring; akin to D. sprenkelen to sprinkle, G. sprengen. See Spring, v. i., and cf. Sprent.] 1. To scatter in small drops or
## particles, as water, seed, etc.
2. To scatter on; to disperse something over in small drops or
## particles; to besprinkle; as, to sprinkle the earth with water; to
sprinkle a floor with sand.
3. To baptize by the application of a few drops, or a small quantity, of water; hence, to cleanse; to purify.
Having our hearts sprinkled from an evil conscience.
Heb. x. 22.
Sprin"kle, v. i. 1. To scatter a liquid, or any fine substance, so that it may fall in particles.
And the priest shall . . . sprinkle of the oil with his finger seven times before the Lord.
Lev. xiv. 16.
2. To rain moderately, or with scattered drops falling now and then; as, it sprinkles.
3. To fly or be scattered in small drops or particles.
Sprin"kle, n. 1. A small quantity scattered, or sparsely distributed; a sprinkling.
2. A utensil for sprinkling; a sprinkler. [Obs.]
Sprin"kler (?), n. 1. One who sprinkles.
2. An instrument or vessel used in sprinkling; specifically, a watering pot.
Sprin"kling (?), n. 1. The act of one who, or that which, sprinkles.
Baptism may well enough be performed by sprinkling or effusion of water.
Ayliffe.
2. A small quantity falling in distinct drops or particles; as, a sprinkling of rain or snow.
3. Hence, a moderate number or quantity distributed like drops. Craik.
Sprint (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sprinted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sprinting.] [Cf. Sprunt.] To run very rapidly; to run at full speed.
A runner [in a quarter-mile race] should be able to sprint the whole way.
Encyc. Brit.
Sprint, n. The act of sprinting; a run of a short distance at full speed.
Sprint race, a foot race at the highest running speed; -- usually limited to distance under a quarter of a mile.
Sprint"er (?), n. One who sprints; one who runs in sprint races; as, a champion sprinter.
Sprit (?), v. t. [Akin to G. spritzen, sprützen. See Sprit, v. i.] To throw out with force from a narrow orifice; to eject; to spurt out. [Obs.] Sir T. Browne.
Sprit, v. i. [AS. spryttan to sprout, but. See Sprout, v. i., and cf. Spurt, v. t., Sprit a spar.] To sprout; to bud; to germinate, as barley steeped for malt.
Sprit, n. A shoot; a sprout. [Obs.] Mortimer.
Sprit, n. [OE. spret, AS. spreót a sprit; spear; akin to D. spriet, and E. sprout, sprit, v.t. & i. See Sprout, v. i.] (Naut.) A small boom, pole, or spar, which crosses the sail of a boat diagonally from the mast to the upper aftmost corner, which it is used to extend and elevate.
Sprite (?), n. [OE. sprit, F. esprit, fr. L. spiritus. See Spirit, and cf. Sprightly.] 1. A spirit; a soul; a shade; also, an apparition. See Spright.
Gaping graves received the wandering, guilty sprite.
Dryden.
2. An elf; a fairy; a goblin.
3. (Zoöl.) The green woodpecker, or yaffle.
Sprite"ful (?), a. Sprite"ful*ly, adv., Sprite"li*ness (&?;), n., Sprite"ly, a., etc. See Sprightful, Sprightfully, Sprightliness, Sprightly, etc.
Sprit"sail (? or ?), n. (Naut.) (a) A sail extended by a sprit. (b) A sail formerly hung under the bowsprit, from the spritsail yard.
Sprock"et wheel` (?). [Etymology of sprocket is uncertain.] (Mach.) Same as Chain wheel.
Sprod (?), n. [Cf. Gael. & Ir. bradan a salmon.] (Zoöl.) A salmon in its second year. [Prov. Eng.]
Sprong (?), obs. imp. of Spring. Sprung.
Sprout (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sprouted; p. pr. & vb. n. Sprouting.] [OE. sprouten, spruten; akin to OFries. spr&?;ta, AS. spreótan, D. spruiten, G. spriessen, Sw. spruta to squirt, to spout. Cf. Sprit, v. t. & i., Sprit a spar, Spout, v. t., Spurt.] 1. To shoot, as the seed of a plant; to germinate; to push out new shoots; hence, to grow like shoots of plants.
2. To shoot into ramifications. [Obs.] Bacon.
Sprout, v. t. 1. To cause to sprout; as, the rain will sprout the seed.
2. To deprive of sprouts; as, to sprout potatoes.
Sprout, n. [Cf. AS. sprote a sprout, sprig; akin to Icel. sproti, G. sprosse. See Sprout, v. i.] 1. The shoot of a plant; a shoot from the seed, from the stump, or from the root or tuber, of a plant or tree; more rarely, a shoot from the stem of a plant, or the end of a branch.
2. pl. Young coleworts; Brussels sprouts. Johnson.
Brussels sprouts (Bot.) See under Brussels.
Spruce (?), n. [OE. Spruce or Pruse, Prussia, Prussian. So named because it was first known as a native of Prussia, or because its sprouts were used for making, spruce beer. Cf. Spruce beer, below, Spruce, a.] 1. (Bot.) Any coniferous tree of the genus Picea, as the Norway spruce (P. excelsa), and the white and black spruces of America (P. alba and P. nigra), besides several others in the far Northwest. See Picea.
2. The wood or timber of the spruce tree.
3. Prussia leather; pruce. [Obs.]
Spruce, a sort of leather corruptly so called for Prussia leather.
E. Phillips.
Douglas spruce (Bot.), a valuable timber tree (Pseudotsuga Douglasii) of Northwestern America. -- Essence of spruce, a thick, dark-colored, bitterish, and acidulous liquid made by evaporating a decoction of the young branches of spruce. -- Hemlock spruce (Bot.), a graceful coniferous tree (Tsuga Canadensis) of North America. Its timber is valuable, and the bark is largely used in tanning leather. -- Spruce beer. [G. sprossenbier; sprosse sprout, shoot (akin to E. sprout, n.) + bier beer. The word was changed into spruce because the beer came from Prussia (OE. Spruce), or because it was made from the sprouts of the spruce. See Sprout, n., Beer, and cf. Spruce, n.] A kind of beer which is tinctured or flavored with spruce, either by means of the extract or by decoction. -- Spruce grouse. (Zoöl.) Same as Spruce partridge, below. - - Spruce leather. See Spruce, n., 3. -- Spruce partridge (Zoöl.), a handsome American grouse (Dendragapus Canadensis) found in Canada and the Northern United States; -- called also Canada grouse.
Spruce (?), a. [Compar. Sprucer (?); superl. Sprucest] [Perhaps fr. spruce a sort of leather from Prussia, which was an article of finery. See Spruce, n.] 1. Neat, without elegance or dignity; -- formerly applied to things with a serious meaning; now chiefly applied to persons. "Neat and spruce array." Remedy of Love.
2. Sprightly; dashing. [Obs.] "Now, my spruce companions." Shak.
He is so spruce that he can never be genteel.
Tatler.
Syn. -- Finical; neat; trim. See Finical.
-- Sruce"ly, adv. -- Spruce"ness, n.
Spruce, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spruced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sprucing (?).] To dress with affected neatness; to trim; to make spruce.
Spruce, v. i. To dress one's self with affected neatness; as, to spruce up.
Sprue (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] 1. (Founding) (a) Strictly, the hole through which melted metal is poured into the gate, and thence into the mold. (b) The waste piece of metal cast in this hole; hence, dross.
2. (Med.) Same as Sprew.
Sprug (?), v. t. [Cf. Prov. E. sprug up to dress neatly, sprag to prop, a., lively.] To make smart. [Obs.]
Sprung (?), imp. & p. p. of Spring.
Sprung, a. (Naut.) Said of a spar that has been cracked or strained.
Sprunt (?), v. i. [Cf. Sprout, v. i.] To spring up; to germinate; to spring forward or outward. [Obs.]
To sprunt up, to draw one's self up suddenly, as in anger or defiance; to bristle up. [Local, U.S.]
Sprunt, n. 1. Anything short and stiff. [Obs.]
2. A leap; a spring. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.]
3. A steep ascent in a road. [Prov. Eng.]
Sprunt, a. Active; lively; vigorous. [Obs.] Kersey.
Sprunt"ly, adv. In a sprunt manner; smartly; vigorously; youthfully. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Spry (?), a. [Compar. Sprier or Spryer (&?;); superl. Spriest or Spryest.] [Cf. dial. Sw. sprygg lively, skittish, and E. sprag.] Having great power of leaping or running; nimble; active. [U.S. & Local Eng.]
She is as spry as a cricket.
S. Judd (Margaret).
If I'm not so large as you, You are not so small as I, And not half so spry.
Emerson.
Spud (?), n. [Cf. Dan. spyd a spear.] 1. A sharp, narrow spade, usually with a long handle, used by farmers for digging up large-rooted weeds; a similarly shaped implement used for various purposes.
My spud these nettles from the stone can part.
Swyft.
2. A dagger. [Obs.] olland.
3. Anything short and thick; specifically, a piece of dough boiled in fat. [Local, U.S.]
Spue (?), v. t. & i. See Spew.
Spuil"zie (?), n. See Spulzie.
Spuke (?), n. See Spook.
Spul"ler (&?;), n. [For spooler.] [See Spool.] One employed to inspect yarn, to see that it is well spun, and fit for the loom. [Prov. Eng.]
Spul"zie (?), n. [Cf. Spoil.] Plunder, or booty. [Written also spuilzie, and spulye.] Sir W. Scott.
Spume (?), n. [L. spuma. Cf. Pumice, Spoom.] Frothy matter raised on liquids by boiling, effervescence, or agitation; froth; foam; scum.
Materials dark and crude, Of spiritous and fiery spume.
Milton.
Spume, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spumed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spuming.] [L. spumare.] To froth; to foam.
Spume"ous (?), a. Spumous. [Obs.] r. H. More.
Spu*mes"cence (?), n. [See Spumescent.] The state of being foamy; frothiness.
Spu*mes"cent (?), a. [L. spumescens, p. pr. of spumescere to grow foamy, from spuma foam.] Resembling froth or foam; foaming.
Spum"id (?), a. [L. spumidis.] Spumous; frothy. [Obs.]
Spu*mif"er*ous (?), a. [L. spumifier; spuma foam + ferra bear.] Producing foam.
Spum"i*ness (?), n. The quality or condition of being spumy; spumescence.
<! p. 1395 !>
{ Spum"ous (?), Spum"y (?) }, a. [L. spumosus, &?; spuma foam: cf. F. spumeux.] Consisting of, containing, or covered with, froth, scum, or foam; frothy; foamy.
The spumous and florid state of the blood.
Arbuthnot.
The spumy waves proclaim the watery war.
Dryden.
Spun (?), imp. & p. p. of Spin.
Spun hay, hay twisted into ropes for convenient carriage, as on a military expedition. -- Spun silk, a cheap article produced from floss, or short- fibered, broken, and waste silk, carded and spun, in distinction from the long filaments wound from the cocoon. It is often mixed with cotton. -- Spun yarn (Naut.), a line formed of two or more rope-yarns loosely twisted.
Spunge (spnj), n. A sponge. [Obs.]
Spunk (spk), n. [Gael. spong, or Ir. sponc, tinder, sponge; cf. AS. sponge a sponge (L. spongia), spn a chip. Cf. Sponge, Punk.] [Written also sponk.] 1. Wood that readily takes fire; touchwood; also, a kind of tinder made from a species of fungus; punk; amadou. Sir T. Browne.
2. An inflammable temper; spirit; mettle; pluck; as, a man of spunk. [Colloq.]
A lawless and dangerous set, men of spunk, and spirit, and power, both of mind and body.
Prof. Wilson.
Spunk"y (?), a. [Compar. Spunkier (?); superl. Spunkiest.] Full of spunk; quick; spirited. [Colloq.]
Spur (?), n. [See Sparrow.] (Zoöl.) (a) A sparrow. [Scot.] (b) A tern. [Prov. Eng.]
Spur, n. [OE. spure, AS. spura, spora; akin to D. spoor, G. sporn, OHG. sporo, Icel. spori, Dan. spore, Sw. sporre, and to AS. spor a trace, footstep, spyrian to trace, track, examine, and E. spurn. √171. Cf. Sparrow, Spere, Spoor, Spurn.] 1. An implement secured to the heel, or above the heel, of a horseman, to urge the horse by its pressure. Modern spurs have a small wheel, or rowel, with short points. Spurs were the badge of knighthood.
And on her feet a pair of spurs large.
Chaucer.
2. That which goads to action; an incitement.
Fame is the spur that the clear spirit doth raise (That last infirmity of noble mind) To scorn delights and live laborious days.
Milton.
3. Something that projects; a snag.
4. One of the large or principal roots of a tree. Shak.
5. (Zoöl.) Any stiff, sharp spine, as on the wings and legs of certain burds, on the legs of insects, etc.; especially, the spine on a cock's leg.
6. A mountain that shoots from any other mountain, or range of mountains, and extends to some distance in a lateral direction, or at right angles.
7. A spiked iron worn by seamen upon the bottom of the boot, to enable them to stand upon the carcass of a whale, to strip off the blubber.
8. (Carp.) A brace strengthening a post and some connected part, as a rafter or crossbeam; a strut.
9. (Arch.) (a) The short wooden buttress of a post. (b) A projection from the round base of a column, occupying the angle of a square plinth upon which the base rests, or bringing the bottom bed of the base to a nearly square form. It is generally carved in leafage.
10. (Bot.) (a) Any projecting appendage of a flower looking like a spur. Gray. (b) Ergotized rye or other grain. [R.]
11. (Fort.) A wall that crosses a part of a rampart and joins to an inner wall.
12. (Shipbuilding) (a) A piece of timber fixed on the bilge ways before launching, having the upper ends bolted to the vessel's side. (b) A curved piece of timber serving as a half to support the deck where a whole beam can not be placed.
Spur fowl (Zoöl.), any one of several species of Asiatic gallinaceous birds of the genus Galloperdix, allied to the jungle fowl. The males have two or more spurs on each leg. -- Spur gear (Mach.), a cogwheel having teeth which project radially and stand parallel to the axis; a spur wheel. -- Spur gearing, gearing in which spur gears are used. See under Gearing. -- Spur pepper. (Bot.) See the Note under Capsicum. -- Spur wheel. Same as Spur gear, above.
Spur, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spurred (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spurring.] 1. To prick with spurs; to incite to a more hasty pace; to urge or goad; as, to spur a horse.
2. To urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous pursuit of an object; to incite; to stimulate; to instigate; to impel; to drive.
Love will not be spurred to what it loathes.
Shak.
3. To put spurs on; as, a spurred boot.
Spur, v. i. To spur on one' horse; to travel with great expedition; to hasten; hence, to press forward in any pursuit. "Now spurs the lated traveler." Shak.
The Parthians shall be there, And, spurring from the fight, confess their fear.
Dryden.
The roads leading to the capital were covered with multitudes of yeomen, spurring hard to Westminster.
Macaulay.
Some bold men, . . . by spurring on, refine themselves.
Grew.
Spur"gall` (?), n. A place galled or excoriated by much using of the spur.
Spur"gall`, v. t. To gall or wound with a spur.
Spurge (?), v. t. [Etymol. uncertain.] To emit foam; to froth; -- said of the emission of yeast from beer in course of fermentation. [Obs.] W. Cartright.
Spurge, n. [OF. espurge, F. épurge, from OF. espurgier to purge, L. expurgare. See Expurgate, Purge.] (Bot.) Any plant of the genus Euphorbia. See Euphorbia.
Spurge flax, an evergreen shrub (Daphne Gnidium) with crowded narrow leaves. It is native of Southern Europe. -- Spurge laurel, a European shrub (Daphne Laureola) with oblong evergreen leaves. -- Spurge nettle. See under Nettle. -- Spurge olive, an evergreen shrub (Daphne oleoides) found in the Mediterranean region.
Spurge"wort` (?), n. (Bot.) Any euphorbiaceous plant. Lindley.
Spur"ging (?), n. [See 2d Spurge.] A purging. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Spu"ri*ous (?), a. [L. spurius.] 1. Not proceeding from the true source, or from the source pretended; not genuine; false; adulterate.
2. Not legitimate; bastard; as, spurious issue. "Her spurious firstborn." Milton.
Spurious primary, or Spurious quill (Zoöl.), the first, or outer, primary quill when rudimentary or much reduced in size, as in certain singing birds. -- Spurious wing (Zoöl.), the bastard wing, or alula.
Syn. -- Counterfeit; false; adulterate; supposititious; fictitious; bastard.
-- Spu"ri*ous*ly, adv. -- Spu"ri*ous*ness, n.
Spur"less (?), a. Having no spurs.
Spur"ling (?), n. [See Sparling.] (Zoöl.) A tern. [Obs. or Prov. Eng.] Tusser.
Spur"ling-line` (?), n. [Cf. Prov. E. spurling the rut of a wheel, a cart rut, AS. spor a track, trace, E. spoor. Scot. spurl to sprawl.] (Naut.) The line which forms the communication between the steering wheel and the telltale.
Spurn (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spurned (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spurning.] [OE. spurnen to kick against, to stumble over, AS. spurnan to kick, offend; akin to spura spur, OS. & OHG. spurnan to kick, Icel. spyrna, L. spernere to despise, Skr. sphur to jerk, to push. √171. See Spur.] 1. To drive back or away, as with the foot; to kick.
[The bird] with his foot will spurn adown his cup.
Chaucer.
I spurn thee like a cur out of my way.
Shak.
2. To reject with disdain; to scorn to receive or accept; to treat with contempt.
What safe and nicely I might well delay By rule of knighthood, I disdain and spurn.
Shak.
Domestics will pay a more cheerful service when they find themselves not spurned because fortune has laid them at their master's feet.
Locke.
Spurn, v. i. 1. To kick or toss up the heels.
The miller spurned at a stone.
Chaucer.
The drunken chairman in the kennel spurns.
Gay.
2. To manifest disdain in rejecting anything; to make contemptuous opposition or resistance.
Nay, more, to spurn at your most royal image.
Shak.
Spurn, n. 1. A kick; a blow with the foot. [R.]
What defence can properly be used in such a despicable encounter as this but either the slap or the spurn?
Milton.
2. Disdainful rejection; contemptuous tratment.
The insolence of office and the spurns That patient merit of the unworthy takes.
Shak.
3. (Mining) A body of coal left to sustain an overhanding mass.
Spurn"er (?), n. One who spurns.
Spurn"-wa`ter (?), n. (Naut.) A channel at the end of a deck to restrain the water.
Spurred (?), a. 1. Wearing spurs; furnished with a spur or spurs; having shoots like spurs.
2. Affected with spur, or ergot; as, spurred rye.
Spurred corolla (Bot.), a corolla in which there are one or more petals with a spur.
Spur"rer (?), n. One who spurs.
Spur"rey (?), n. (Bot.) See Spurry.
Spur"ri*er (?), n. One whose occupation is to make spurs. B. Jonson. "The saddlers and spurriers would be ruined by thousands." Macaulay.
Spur"-roy`al (?), n. A gold coin, first made in the reign of Edward IV., having a star on the reverse resembling the rowel of a spur. In the reigns of Elizabeth and of James I., its value was fifteen shillings. [Written also spur-rial, and spur-ryal.]
Spur"ry (?), n. [D. or OF. spurrie; cf. G. spergel, NL. spergula.] (Bot.) An annual herb (Spergula arvensis) with whorled filiform leaves, sometimes grown in Europe for fodder. [Written also spurrey.]
Sand spurry (Bot.), any low herb of the genus Lepigonum, mostly found in sandy places.
Spur"-shell` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any one of several species of handsome gastropod shells of the genus Trochus, or Imperator. The shell is conical, with the margin toothed somewhat like the rowel of a spur.
Spurt (?), v. i. [Written also spirt, and originally the same word as sprit; OE. sprutten to sprout, AS. spryttan. See Sprit, v. i., Sprout, v. i.] To gush or issue suddenly or violently out in a stream, as liquor from a cask; to rush from a confined place in a small stream or jet; to spirt.
Thus the small jet, which hasty hands unlock, Spurts in the gardener's eyes who turns the cock.
Pope.
Spurt, v. t. To throw out, as a liquid, in a stream or jet; to drive or force out with violence, as a liquid from a pipe or small orifice; as, to spurt water from the mouth.
Spurt, n. 1. A sudden or violent ejection or gushing of a liquid, as of water from a tube, orifice, or other confined place, or of blood from a wound; a jet; a spirt.
2. A shoot; a bud. [Obs.] Holland.
3. Fig.: A sudden outbreak; as, a spurt of jealousy.
Spurt grass (Bot.), a rush fit for basket work. Dr. Prior.
Spurt (?), n. [Cf. Icel. sprette a spurt, spring, run, spretta to sprit, spring.] A sudden and energetic effort, as in an emergency; an increased exertion for a brief space.
The long, steady sweep of the so-called "paddle" tried him almost as much as the breathless strain of the spurt.
T. Hughes.
Spurt, v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spurted; p. pr. & vb. n. Spurting.] To make a sudden and violent exertion, as in an emergency.
Spur"tle (?), v. t. [Freq. of spurt.] To spurt or shoot in a scattering manner. [Obs.] Drayton.
Spur"way` (?), n. [Prov. E. spoor a track, trace (AS. spor) + way.] A bridle path. [R.]
Spur"-winged` (?), a. (Zoöl.) Having one or more spurs on the bend of the wings.
Spur-winged goose (Zoöl.), any one of several species of long-legged African geese of the genus Plectropterus and allied genera, having a strong spur on the bend of the wing, as the Gambo goose (P. Gambensis) and the Egyptian, or Nile, goose (Alopochen Ægyptiaca). -- Spur-winged plover (Zoöl.), an Old World plover (Hoplopterus spinosus) having a sharp spur on the bend of the wing. It inhabits Northern Africa and the adjacent parts of Asia and Europe.
Sput (?), n. (Steam Boiler) An annular reënforce, to strengthen a place where a hole is made.
Spu*ta"tion (?), n. [L. sputare to spit, v. intens. fr. spuere to spit: cf. F. sputation.] The act of spitting; expectoration. Harvey.
Spu"ta*tive (?), a. Inclined to spit; spitting much. Sir H. Wotton.
Spute (?), v. t. [Abbrev. from dispute.] To dispute; to discuss. [Obs.] Wyclif.
Sput"ter (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Sputtered (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Sputtering.] [From the root of spout or spit to eject from the mputh. Cf. Splutter.] 1. To spit, or to emit saliva from the mouth in small, scattered portions, as in rapid speaking.
2. To utter words hastily and indistinctly; to speak so rapidly as to emit saliva.
They could neither of them speak their rage, and so fell a sputtering at one another, like two roasting apples.
Congreve.