Part 75
South (?; by sailors sou), n. [OE. south, suþ, AS. sð for sunð; akin to D. zuid, OHG. sund, G. süd, süden, Icel. suðr, sunnr, Dan. syd, sönden, Sw. syd, söder, sunnan; all probably akin to E. sun, meaning, the side towards the sun. √297. See Sun.] 1. That one of the four cardinal points directly opposite to the north; the region or direction to the right or direction to the right of a person who faces the east.
2. A country, region, or place situated farther to the south than another; the southern section of a country. "The queen of the south." Matt. xii. 42.
3. Specifically: That part of the United States which is south of Mason and Dixon's line. See under Line.
4. The wind from the south. [Obs.] Shak.
South, a. Lying toward the south; situated at the south, or in a southern direction from the point of observation or reckoning; proceeding toward the south, or coming from the south; blowing from the south; southern; as, the south pole. "At the south entry." Shak.
South-Sea tea (Bot.) See Yaupon.
South, adv. 1. Toward the south; southward.
2. From the south; as, the wind blows south. Bacon.
South (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Southed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Southing.] 1. To turn or move toward the south; to veer toward the south.
2. (Astron.) To come to the meridian; to cross the north and south line; -- said chiefly of the moon; as, the moon souths at nine.
South*cot"ti*an (?), n. (Eccl. Hist.) A follower of Joanna Southcott (1750-1814), an Englishwoman who, professing to have received a miraculous calling, preached and prophesied, and committed many impious absurdities.
South"down` (?), a. Of or pertaining to the South Downs, a range of pasture hills south of the Thames, in England.
Southdown sheep (Zoöl.), a celebrated breed of shortwooled, hornless sheep, highly valued on account of the delicacy of their flesh. So called from the South Downs where the breed originated.
South"down`, n. A Southdown sheep.
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South`east" (?; by sailors sou"-), n. The point of the compass equally distant from the south and the east; the southeast part or region.
South`east (?; by sailors sou"-), a. Of or pertaining to the southeast; proceeding toward, or coming from, the southeast; as, a southeast course; a southeast wind.
South`east"er (?), n. A storm, strong wind, or gale coming from the southeast.
South`east"er, adv. Toward the southeast.
South`east"ern (?), a. Of or pertaining to the southeast; southeasterly.
{ South`east"ward (?), South`east"ward*ly }, adv. Toward the southeast.
South"er (?), n. A strong wind, gale, or storm from the south.
South"er*li*ness (?), n. The quality or state of being southerly; direction toward the south.
South"er*ly (?; 277), a. Southern.
South"ern (?; 277), a. [AS. s&?;&?;ern. See South.] Of or pertaining to the south; situated in, or proceeding from, the south; situated or proceeding toward the south.
Southern Cross (Astron.), a constellation of the southern hemisphere containing several bright stars so related in position as to resemble a cross. -- Southern Fish (Astron.), a constelation of the southern hemisphere (Piscis Australis) containing the bright star Fomalhaut. -- Southern States (U.S. Hist. & Geog.), the States of the American Union lying south of Pennsylvania and the Ohio River, with Arkansas, Louisiana, and Texas. Before the Civil War, Missouri also, being a slave State, was classed as one of the Southern States.
South"ern, n. A Southerner. [R.]
South"ern*er (?), n. An inhabitant or native of the south, esp. of the Southern States of North America; opposed to Northerner.
South"ern*li*ness (?), n. Southerliness.
South"ern*ly (?), a. Somewhat southern. -- adv. In a southerly manner or course; southward.
South"ern*most` (?), a. Farthest south.
South"ern*wood` (?), n. (Bot.) A shrubby species of wormwood (Artemisia Abrotanum) having aromatic foliage. It is sometimes used in making beer.
South"ing (?; 277), n. 1. Tendency or progress southward; as, the southing of the sun. Emerson.
2. The time at which the moon, or other heavenly body, passes the meridian of a place.
3. (Astron.) Distance of any heavenly body south of the equator; south declination; south latitude.
4. (Surv. & Navigation) Distance southward from any point departure or of reckoning, measured on a meridian; -- opposed to northing.
South"ly (?), adv. Southerly. [Obs. & R.]
South"most` (?), a. Farthest toward the south; southernmost. [R.] Milton.
South"ness, n. A tendency in the end of a magnetic needle to point toward the south pole. Faraday.
South"ren (?), a. Southern. [Obs.] "I am a Southren man." Chaucer.
South"ron (?), n. An inhabitant of the more southern part of a country; formerly, a name given in Scotland to any Englishman.
South"say` (?), v. i. See Soothsay. [Obs.]
South"say`er (?), n. See Soothsayer. [Obs.]
South` south"er*ly (?). (Zoöl.) the old squaw; -- so called in imitation of its cry. Called also southerly, and southerland. See under Old.
{ South"ward (?; colloq. &?;), South"wards (?; colloq. &?;) }, adv. Toward the south, or toward a point nearer the south than the east or west point; as, to go southward.
South"ward, a. Toward the south.
South"ward, n. The southern regions or countries; the south. Sir W. Raleigh.
South"ward*ly, adv. In a southern direction.
South`west (?; colloq. sou"-.), n. The point of the compass equally from the south and the west; the southwest part or region.
South`west", a. Pertaining to, or in the direction of, the southwest; proceeding toward the southwest; coming from the southwest; as, a southwest wind.
South`west"er (?; colloq. &?;), n. 1. A storm, gale, or strong wind from the southwest.
2. A hat made of painted canvas, oiled cloth, or the like, with a flap at the back, -- worn in stormy weather.
South`west"er*ly, a. To ward or from the southwest; as, a southwesterly course; a southwesterly wind.
South`west"ern (?), a. Of or pertaining to the southwest; southwesterly; as, to sail a southwestern course.
{ South`west"ward (?), South`west"ward*ly }, adv. Toward the southwest.
{ Sou"ve*nance (?), So"ve*naunce (?), } n. [F. souvenance.] Remembrance. [Obs.]
Of his way he had no sovenance.
Spenser.
Sou`ve*nir (? or ?), n. [F., fr. souvenir to remember, fr. L. subvenire to come up, come to mind; sub under + venire to come, akin to E. come. See Come, and cf. Subvention.] That which serves as a reminder; a remembrancer; a memento; a keepsake.
Sov"er*eign (? or ?; 277), a. [OE. soverain, sovereyn, OF. soverain, suvrain, F. souverain, LL. superanus, fr. L. superus that is above, upper, higher, fr. super above. See Over, Super, and cf. Soprano. The modern spelling is due to a supposed connection with reign.] 1. Supreme or highest in power; superior to all others; chief; as, our sovereign prince.
2. Independent of, and unlimited by, any other; possessing, or entitled to, original authority or jurisdiction; as, a sovereign state; a sovereign discretion.
3. Princely; royal. "Most sovereign name." Shak.
At Babylon was his sovereign see.
Chaucer.
4. Predominant; greatest; utmost; paramount.
We acknowledge him [God] our sovereign good.
Hooker.
5. Efficacious in the highest degree; effectual; controlling; as, a sovereign remedy. Dryden.
Such a sovereign influence has this passion upon the regulation of the lives and actions of men.
South.
Sovereign state, a state which administers its own government, and is not dependent upon, or subject to, another power.
Sov"er*eign (? or ?; 277), n. 1. The person, body, or state in which independent and supreme authority is vested; especially, in a monarchy, a king, queen, or emperor.
No question is to be made but that the bed of the Mississippi belongs to the sovereign, that is, to the nation.
Jefferson.
2. A gold coin of Great Britain, on which an effigy of the head of the reigning king or queen is stamped, valued at one pound sterling, or about $4.86.
3. (Zoöl.) Any butterfly of the tribe Nymphalidi, or genus Basilarchia, as the ursula and the viceroy.
Syn. -- King; prince; monarch; potentate; emperor.
Sov"er*eign*ize (?), v. i. To exercise supreme authority. [Obs.] Sir T. Herbert.
Sov"er*eign*ly, adv. In a sovereign manner; in the highest degree; supremely. Chaucer.
Sov"er*eign*ty (?), n.; pl. Sovereignties (#). [OE. soverainetee, OF. sovraineté, F. souveraineté.] The quality or state of being sovereign, or of being a sovereign; the exercise of, or right to exercise, supreme power; dominion; sway; supremacy; independence; also, that which is sovereign; a sovereign state; as, Italy was formerly divided into many sovereignties.
Woman desiren to have sovereignty As well over their husband as over their love.
Chaucer.
Sov"ran (?), a. A variant of Sovereign. [Poetic]
On thy bald, awful head, O sovran Blanc.
Coleridge.
Sow (?), v. i. To sew. See Sew. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Sow (?), n. [OE. sowe, suwe, AS. sugu, akin to s, D. zog, zeug, OHG. s, G. sau, Icel. sr, Dan. so, Sw. sugga, so, L. sus. Gr. "y^s, sy^s, Zend. hu boar; probably from the root seen in Skr. s to beget, to bear; the animal being named in allusion to its fecundity. √294. Cf. Hyena, Soil to stain, Son, Swine.] 1. (Zoöl.) The female of swine, or of the hog kind.
2. (Zoöl.) A sow bug.
3. (Metal.) (a) A channel or runner which receives the rows of molds in the pig bed. (b) The bar of metal which remains in such a runner. (c) A mass of solidified metal in a furnace hearth; a salamander.
4. (Mil.) A kind of covered shed, formerly used by besiegers in filling up and passing the ditch of a besieged place, sapping and mining the wall, or the like. Craig.
Sow bread. (Bot.) See Cyclamen. -- Sow bug, or Sowbug (Zoöl.), any one of numerous species of terrestrial Isopoda belonging to Oniscus, Porcellio, and allied genera of the family Oniscidæ. They feed chiefly on decaying vegetable substances. -- Sow thistle [AS. sugepistel] (Bot.), a composite plant (Sonchus oleraceus) said to be eaten by swine and some other animals.
Sow (?), v. t. [imp. Sowed (?); p. p. Sown (?) or Sowed; p. pr. & vb. n. Sowing.] [OE. sowen, sawen, AS. swan; akin to OFries. s&?;a, D. zaaijen, OS. & HG. sjan, G. säen, Icel. s, Sw. så, Dan. saae, Goth. saian, Lith. sti, Russ. sieiate, L. serere, sevi. Cf. Saturday, Season, Seed, Seminary.] 1. To scatter, as seed, upon the earth; to plant by strewing; as, to sow wheat. Also used figuratively: To spread abroad; to propagate. "He would sow some difficulty." Chaucer.
A sower went forth to sow; and when he sowed, some seeds fell by the wayside.
Matt. xiii. 3, 4.
And sow dissension in the hearts of brothers.
Addison.
2. To scatter seed upon, in, or over; to supply or stock, as land, with seeds. Also used figuratively: To scatter over; to besprinkle.
The intellectual faculty is a goodly field, . . . and it is the worst husbandry in the world to sow it with trifles.
Sir M. Hale.
[He] sowed with stars the heaven.
Milton.
Now morn . . . sowed the earth with orient pearl.
Milton.
Sow, v. i. To scatter seed for growth and the production of a crop; -- literally or figuratively.
They that sow in tears shall reap in joi.
Ps. cxxvi. 5.
Sow"ans (? or ?), n. pl. See Sowens.
Sow"ar (?), n. [Per. sawr a horseman.] In India, a mounted soldier.
Sow"bane` (?), n. (Bot.) The red goosefoot (Chenopodium rubrum), -- said to be fatal to swine.
Sowce (?), n. & v. See Souse. [Obs.]
Sow"dan (?), n. [F. soudan. See Soldan.] Sultan. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Sow"dan*esse` (?), n. A sultaness. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Sow"ens (? or ?), n. pl. [Scottish; cf. AS. seáw juice, glue, paste.] A nutritious article of food, much used in Scotland, made from the husk of the oat by a process not unlike that by which common starch is made; -- called flummery in England. [Written also sowans, and sowins.]
Sow"er (?), n. One who, or that which, sows.
Sow"ins (? or ?), n. pl. See Sowens.
{ Sowl, Sowle } (?), v. t. [Cf. prov. G. zaulen, zauseln, G. zausen to tug, drag.] To pull by the ears; to drag about. [Obs.] hak.
Sowl, v. i. See Soul, v. i. [Obs.]
Sown (?), p. p. of Sow.
Sowne (?), v. t. & i. To sound. [Obs.] Chaucer.
Sowse (?), n. & v. See Souse. [Obs.] ryden.
Sow"ter (?), n. See Souter. [Obs.] B. Jonson.
Soy (?), n. [Chinese shy.] 1. A Chinese and Japanese liquid sauce for fish, etc., made by subjecting boiled beans (esp. soja beans), or beans and meal, to long fermentation and then long digestion in salt and water.
2. (Bot.) The soja, a kind of bean. See Soja.
Soyle (?), v. t. [Aphetic form of assoil.] To solve, to clear up; as, to soyl all other texts. [Obs.] Tyndate.
Soyle, n. [Cf. Soil to feed.] Prey. [Obs.] Spenser.
Soyn"ed (? or ?), a. [F. soigner to care.] Filled with care; anxious. [Obs.] Mir. for Mag.
Soz"zle (?), v. t. [Freq. from soss, v.] 1. To splash or wet carelessly; as, to sozzle the feet in water. [Local, U.S.] Bartlett.
2. To heap up in confusion. [Prov. Eng.] Forby.
Soz"zle, n. 1. One who spills water or other liquids carelessly; specifically, a sluttish woman. [Local, U.S.]
2. A mass, or heap, confusedly mingled. [Prov. Eng.]
Spa (?; 277), n. A spring or mineral water; -- so called from a place of this name in Belgium.
Spaad (?), n. [Cf. G. spath spar. See Spar the mineral.] (Min.) A kind of spar; earth flax, or amianthus. [Obs.] oodward.
Space (sps), n. [OE. space, F. espace, from L. spatium space; cf. Gr. spa^n to draw, to tear; perh. akin to E. span. Cf. Expatiate.] 1. Extension, considered independently of anything which it may contain; that which makes extended objects conceivable and possible.
Pure space is capable neither of resistance nor motion.
Locke.
2. Place, having more or less extension; room.
They gave him chase, and hunted him as hare; Long had he no space to dwell [in].
R. of Brunne.
While I have time and space.
Chaucer.
3. A quantity or portion of extension; distance from one thing to another; an interval between any two or more objects; as, the space between two stars or two hills; the sound was heard for the space of a mile.
Put a space betwixt drove and drove.
Gen. xxxii. 16.
4. Quantity of time; an interval between two points of time; duration; time. "Grace God gave him here, this land to keep long space." R. of brunne.
Nine times the space that measures day and night.
Milton.
God may defer his judgments for a time, and give a people a longer space of repentance.
Tillotson.
5. A short time; a while. [R.] "To stay your deadly strife a space." Spenser.
6. Walk; track; path; course. [Obs.]
This ilke [same] monk let old things pace, And held after the new world the space.
Chaucer.
7. (print.) (a) A small piece of metal cast lower than a face type, so as not to receive the ink in printing, -- used to separate words or letters. (b) The distance or interval between words or letters in the lines, or between lines, as in books.
Spaces are of different thicknesses to enable the compositor to arrange the words at equal distances from each other in the same line.
8. (Mus.) One of the intervals, or open places, between the lines of the staff.
Absolute space, Euclidian space, etc. See under Absolute, Euclidian, etc. -- Space line (Print.), a thin piece of metal used by printers to open the lines of type to a regular distance from each other, and for other purposes; a lead. Hansard. -- Space rule (Print.), a fine, thin, short metal rule of the same height as the type, used in printing short lines in tabular matter.
Space, v. i. [Cf. OF. espacier, L. spatiari. See Space, n.] To walk; to rove; to roam. [Obs.]
And loved in forests wild to space.
Spenser.
Space, v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spaced (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spacong (?).] [Cf. F. espacer. See Space, n.] (Print.) To arrange or adjust the spaces in or between; as, to space words, lines, or letters.
Space"ful (?), a. Wide; extensive. Sandys.
Space"less, a. Without space. Coleridge.
Spa"cial (?), a. See Spatial.
Spa"cial*ly, adv. See Spatially. Sir W. Hamilton.
Spa"cious (?), a. [L. spatiousus: cf. F. spacieux. See Space, n.] 1. Extending far and wide; vast in extent. "A spacious plain outstretched in circuit wide." Milton.
2. Inclosing an extended space; having large or ample room; not contracted or narrow; capacious; roomy; as, spacious bounds; a spacious church; a spacious hall. -- Spa"cious*ly, adv. -- Spa"cious*ness, n.
||Spa`das`sin" (?), n. [F., fr. It. spadaccino a swordsman, from spada ||a sword.] A bravo; a bully; a duelist. Ld. Lytton.
Spad"dle (?), n. A little spade. [Obs.]
Spade (?), n. [Cf. Spay, n.] 1. (Zoöl.) A hart or stag three years old. [Written also spaid, spayade.]
2. [Cf. L. spado.] A castrated man or beast.
Spade, n. [AS. spæd; spada; akin to D. spade, G. spaten, Icel. spaði, Dan. & Sw. spade, L. spatha a spatula, a broad two-edged sword, a spathe, Gr. spa`qh. Cf. Epaulet, Spade at cards, Spathe, Spatula.] 1. An implement for digging or cutting the ground, consisting usually of an oblong and nearly rectangular blade of iron, with a handle like that of a shovel. "With spade and pickax armed." Milton.
2. [Sp. espada, literally, a sword; -- so caused because these cards among the Spanish bear the figure of a sword. Sp. espada is fr. L. spatha, Gr. spa`qh. See the Etymology above.] One of that suit of cards each of which bears one or more figures resembling a spade.
"Let spades be trumps!" she said.
Pope.
3. A cutting instrument used in flensing a whale.
Spade bayonet, a bayonet with a broad blade which may be used digging; -- called also trowel bayonet. -- Spade handle (Mach.), the forked end of a connecting rod in which a pin is held at both ends. See Illust. of Knuckle joint, under Knuckle.
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Spade (?), v. t. [imp. & p. p. Spaded; p. pr. & vb. n. Spading.] To dig with a spade; to pare off the sward of, as land, with a spade.
Spade"bone` (&?;), n. Shoulder blade. [Prov. Eng.]
Spade"fish` (?), n. (Zoöl.) An American market fish (Chætodipterus faber) common on the southern coasts; -- called also angel fish, moonfish, and porgy.
Spade"foot` (?), n. (Zoöl.) Any species of burrowing toads of the genus Scaphiopus, esp. S. Holbrookii, of the Eastern United States; -- called also spade toad.
Spade"ful (?), n.; pl. Spadefuls (#). [Spade + full.] As much as a spade will hold or lift.
Spad"er (?), n. One who, or that which, spades; specifically, a digging machine.
Spa*di"ceous (?), a. [L. spadix, -icis, a date-brown or nut-brown color. See Spadix.] 1. Of a bright clear brown or chestnut color. Sir T. Browne.
2. (Bot.) Bearing flowers on a spadix; of the nature of a spadix.
Spa"di*cose` (?), a. (Bot.) Spadiceous.
Spa*dille" (?), n. [F., fr. Sp. espadilla, dim. of espada. See Spade a card.] (Card Playing) The ace of spades in omber and quadrille.
Spa"dix (?), n.; pl. L. Spadices (#), E. Spadixes (#). [L., a palm branch broken off, with its fruit, Gr. &?;.] 1. (Bot.) A fleshy spike of flowers, usually inclosed in a leaf called a spathe.
2. (Zoöl.) A special organ of the nautilus, due to a modification of the posterior tentacles.
||Spa"do (?), n.; pl. Spadones (#). [L., fr. Gr. &?;.] 1. Same as ||Spade, 2.
2. (Law) An impotent person.
Spa*droon" (?), n. [Cf. F. & Sp. espadon, It. spadone. See Espadon, Spade.] A sword, especially a broadsword, formerly used both to cut and thrust.
Spae (?), v. i. [imp. & p. p. Spaed (?); p. pr. & vb. n. Spaeing.] [Scot. spae, spay, to foretell, to divine, Icel. sp.] To foretell; to divine. [Scot.]
Spae"man (?), n. A prophet; a diviner. [Scot.]
Spae"wife` (?), n. A female fortune teller. [Scot.]
||Spa*ghet"ti (?), n. [It.] A variety or macaroni made in tubes of ||small diameter.
{ Spa*gyr"ic (?), Spa*gyr"ic*al (?) }, a. [LL. sparygicus, fr. Gr. &?; to draw, to separate + &?; to assemble; cf. F. spagirique.] Chemical; alchemical. [Obs.]
Spa*gyr"ic, n. A spagyrist. [Obs.] Bp. Hall.
Spag"y*rist (?), n. [Cf. F. spagiriste.] 1. A chemist, esp. one devoted to alchemistic pursuits. [Obs.]
2. One of a sect which arose in the days of alchemy, who sought to discover remedies for disease by chemical means. The spagyrists historically preceded the iatrochemists. Encyc. Brit.
{ ||Spa"hi (?), ||Spa"hee }, n. [Per., Turk., & Hind. siph: cf. F. spahi. See Seroy.] 1. Formerly, one of the Turkish cavalry.
2. An Algerian cavalryman in the French army.
Spaid (?), n. See 1st Spade.
Spake (?), archaic imp. of Speak.
Spake"net` (?), n. [Etymol. uncertain.] A net for catching crabs. Halliwell.
Spak"y (?), a. Specky. [Obs.] hapman.
Spald"ing knife` (?). A spalting knife.
Spale (?), n. [Cf. Spell a splinter.] 1. A lath; a shaving or chip, as of wood or stone. [Prov. Eng. & Scot.]
2. (Shipbuilding) A strengthening cross timber.
Spall (?), n. [OF. espaule; cf. It. spalla. See Epaule.] The shoulder. [Obs.] Spenser.
Spall, n. [Prov. E. spall, spell. See Spale, Spell a splinter.] A chip or fragment, especially a chip of stone as struck off the block by the hammer, having at least one feather-edge.
Spall, v. t. 1. (Mining) To break into small pieces, as ore, for the purpose of separating from rock. Pryce.
2. (Masonry) To reduce, as irregular blocks of stone, to an approximately level surface by hammering.
Spall, v. i. To give off spalls, or wedge-shaped chips; -- said of stone, as when badly set, with the weight thrown too much on the outer surface.
Spal"peen (?), n. [Ir. spailpin, fr. spailp a beau, pride, self-conceit.] A scamp; an Irish term for a good-for-nothing fellow; -- often used in good-humored contempt or ridicule. [Colloq.]
Spalt (?), n. [Cf. G. spaltstein, from spalten to split. See 1st Spell.] (Metal.) Spelter. [Colloq.]
Spalt, a. [See 1st Spell.] 1. Liable to break or split; brittle; as, spalt timber. [Prov. Eng.] Halliwell.
2. Heedless; clumsy; pert; saucy. [Prov. Eng.]
Spalt, v. t. & i. [Cf. OE. spalden. See Spalt, a.] To split off; to cleave off, as chips from a piece of timber, with an ax. [Prov. Eng. & Local, U.S.]
Spalt"ing knife` (?). A knife used in splitting codfish. [Written also spalding knife.]
Span (?), archaic imp. & p. p. of Spin.
Span, n. [AS. spann; akin to D. span, OHG. spanna, G. spanne, Icel. spönn. √170. See Span, v. t. ] 1. The space from the thumb to the end of the little finger when extended; nine inches; eighth of a fathom.
2. Hence, a small space or a brief portion of time.
Yet not to earth's contracted span Thy goodness let me bound.
Pope.
Life's but a span; I'll every inch enjoy.
Farquhar.
3. The spread or extent of an arch between its abutments, or of a beam, girder, truss, roof, bridge, or the like, between its supports.
4. (Naut.) A rope having its ends made fast so that a purchase can be hooked to the bight; also, a rope made fast in the center so that both ends can be used.
5. [Cf. D. span, Sw. spann, Dan. spænd, G. gespann. See Span, v. t. ] A pair of horses or other animals driven together; usually, such a pair of horses when similar in color, form, and action.