Part 1

# Encyclopaedia Britannica, 11th Edition, "Harmony" to "Heanor": Volume 13, Slice 1 ### By Various

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Produced by Marius Masi, Don Kretz and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net

Transcriber's notes:

(1) Numbers following letters (without space) like C2 were originally printed in subscript. Letter subscripts are preceded by an underscore, like C_n.

(2) Characters following a carat (^) were printed in superscript.

(3) Side-notes were relocated to function as titles of their respective paragraphs.

(4) Macrons and breves above letters and dots below letters were not inserted.

(5) [root] stands for the root symbol; [alpha], [beta], etc. for greek letters.

(6) The following typographical errors have been corrected:

ARTICLE HARMONY: "So strong is the identity of the tonic in major and minor mode that Haydn and Mozart had no scruple in annexing, with certain reservations, the key-relationships of either as an addition to those of the other." 'identity' amended from 'indentity'.

ARTICLE HARMOTOME: "... Andreasberg in the Harz. Morvenite (from Morven in Argyllshire) is the name given to small transparent crystals formerly referred to as phillipsite." 'as' added.

ARTICLE HART, ERNEST ABRAHAM: "The record of his public work covers nearly the whole field of sanitary legislation during the last thirty years of his life." 'thirty' amended from 'thrity'.

ARTICLE HART, SIR ROBERT: "In the following year he received an appointment as student-interpreter in the China consular service, ..." 'appointment' amended from 'appointemnt'.

ARTICLE HARVEY, WILLIAM: "'I found him,' he says, 'with a cheerful and sprightly countenance investigating, like Democritus, the nature of things. Asking if all were well with him ..." 'cheerful' amended from 'cheeerful'.

ARTICLE HATHRAS: "Hathras is connected by a light railway with Muttra, and by a branch with Hathras junction, on the East Indian main line." 'Indian' amended from 'Indain'.

ARTICLE HATTON, JOHN LIPTROT: "He seems to have kept this appointment for about five years. In 1856 a cantata, ..." 'appointment' amended from 'apppointment'.

ARTICLE HATTON, JOHN LIPTROT: "In 1875 he went to Stuttgart, and wrote an oratorio, Hezekiah, given at the Crystal Palace in 1877; like all his larger works it met with very moderate success." 'Crystal' amended from 'Cyrstal'.

ARTICLE HAUREAU, (JEAN) BARTHELEMY: "... whose works, being often anonymous, raise many problems of attribution, and, though deficient in originality of thought and style, ..." 'originality' amended from 'orginality'.

ARTICLE HAUSER, KASPAR: "... and Earl Stanhope also took part in the discussion by publishing Materialien zur Geschichte K. Hausers (Heidelberg, 1836)." 'Materialien' amended from 'Materialen'.

ARTICLE HAVANA: "English squadrons threatened the city several times in the first half of the 18th century, but it was not until 1762 that an investment, ..." 'that' amended from 'than'.

ARTICLE HAVELOCK, SIR HENRY: "In 1854 he became quartermaster-general, then full colonel, and lastly adjutant-general of the troops in India." 'adjutant' amended from 'ajdutant'.

ARTICLE HAWAII: "He made John Young (c. 1775-1835) and Isaac Davis, Americans from one of the ships of Captain Metcalf which visited the island in 1789, ..." 'Davis' amended from 'Dayis'.

ARTICLE HAWKE, EDWARD HAWKE: "There is a story that he was dismissed from the service for having left the line to engage the 'Poder,' and was restored by the king's order." added 'from'.

ARTICLE HAWKSHAW, SIR JOHN: "... but many years previously he had investigated for himself the question of a tunnel under the Strait of Dover from an engineering point of view, and had come to a belief in its feasibility, ..." 'himself' amended from 'himsself'.

THE

ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA

ELEVENTH EDITION

FIRST edition, published in three volumes, 1768-1771. SECOND " " ten " 1777-1784. THIRD " " eighteen " 1788-1797. FOURTH " " twenty " 1801-1810. FIFTH " " twenty " 1815-1817. SIXTH " " twenty " 1823-1824. SEVENTH " " twenty-one " 1830-1842. EIGHTH " " twenty-two " 1853-1860. NINTH " " twenty-five " 1875-1889. TENTH " ninth edition and eleven supplementary volumes, 1902-1903. ELEVENTH " published in twenty-nine volumes, 1910-1911.

COPYRIGHT

in all countries subscribing to the Bern Convention

by

THE CHANCELLOR, MASTERS AND SCHOLARS of the UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE

_All rights reserved_

THE

ENCYCLOPAEDIA BRITANNICA

A DICTIONARY OF ARTS, SCIENCES, LITERATURE AND GENERAL INFORMATION

ELEVENTH EDITION

VOLUME XIII HARMONY to HURSTMONCEAUX

New York

Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc. 342 Madison Avenue

Copyright, in the United States of America, 1910, by The Encyclopaedia Britannica Company.

VOLUME XIII, SLICE I

Harmony to Heanor

ARTICLES IN THIS SLICE:

HARMONY HATHERLEY, WILLIAM PAGE WOOD HARMOTOME HATHERTON, EDWARD JOHN LITTLETON HARMS, CLAUS HATHRAS HARNACK, ADOLF HATTIESBURG HARNESS HATTINGEN HARO, CLAMEUR DE HATTO I. HAROLD I. HATTON, SIR CHRISTOPHER HAROLD II. HATTON, JOHN LIPTROT HARP HAUCH, JOHANNES CARSTEN HARPENDEN HAUER, FRANZ HARPER'S FERRY HAUFF, WILHELM HARPIES HAUG, MARTIN HARPIGNIES, HENRI HAUGE, HANS NIELSEN HARP-LUTE HAUGESUND HARPOCRATES HAUGHTON, SAMUEL HARPOCRATION, VALERIUS HAUGHTON, WILLIAM HARPOON HAUGWITZ, CHRISTIAN HEINRICH KURT HARPSICHORD HAUNTINGS HARPY HAUPT, MORITZ HARRAN HAUPTMANN, GERHART HARRAR HAUPTMANN, MORITZ HARRATIN HAUREAU, (JEAN) BARTHELEMY HARRIER HAUSA HARRIGAN, EDWARD HAUSER, KASPAR HARRIMAN, EDWARD HENRY HAUSMANN, JOHANN FRIEDRICH LUDWIG HARRIMAN HAUSRATH, ADOLPH HARRINGTON, EARLS OF HAUSSER, LUDWIG HARRINGTON, JAMES HAUSSMANN, GEORGES EUGENE HARRIOT, THOMAS HAUSSONVILLE, JOSEPH DE CLERON HARRIS, GEORGE HAUTE-GARONNE HARRIS, JAMES HAUTE-LOIRE HARRIS, JOEL CHANDLER HAUTE-MARNE HARRIS, JOHN HAUTERIVE, ALEXANDRE DE LANAUTTE HARRIS, THOMAS LAKE HAUTES ALPES HARRIS, SIR WILLIAM SNOW HAUTE-SAONE HARRIS, WILLIAM TORREY HAUTE-SAVOIE HARRISBURG HAUTES-PYRENEES HARRISMITH HAUTE-VIENNE HARRISON, BENJAMIN HAUT-RHIN HARRISON, FREDERIC HAUY, RENE JUST HARRISON, JOHN HAVANA HARRISON, THOMAS HAVANT HARRISON, THOMAS ALEXANDER HAVEL HARRISON, WILLIAM HAVELBERG HARRISON, WILLIAM HENRY HAVELOCK, SIR HENRY HARRISON (New Jersey, U.S.A.) HAVELOK THE DANE HARRODSBURG HAVERFORDWEST HARROGATE HAVERGAL, FRANCES RIDLEY HARROW HAVERHILL (England) HARROWBY, DUDLEY RYDER HAVERHILL (Massachusetts, U.S.A.) HARROWING OF HELL HAVERSACK HARROW-ON-THE-HILL HAVERSTRAW HARRY THE MINSTREL HAVET, EUGENE AUGUSTE ERNEST HARSDORFFER, GEORG PHILIPP HAVET, JULIEN HARSHA HAVRE, LE HARSNETT, SAMUEL HAWAII HART, ALBERT BUSHNELL HAWARDEN HART, CHARLES HAWAWIR HART, ERNEST ABRAHAM HAWEIS, HUGH REGINALD HART, SIR ROBERT HAWES, STEPHEN HART, WILLIAM HAWES, WILLIAM HARTE, FRANCIS BRET HAWFINCH HARTEBEEST HAWICK HARTFORD HAWK HARTFORD CITY HAWKE, EDWARD HAWKE HARTIG, GEORG LUDWIG HAWKER, ROBERT STEPHEN HARTLEPOOL HAWKERS and PEDLARS HARTLEY, SIR CHARLES AUGUSTUS HAWKESWORTH, JOHN HARTLEY, DAVID HAWKHURST HARTLEY, JONATHAN SCOTT HAWKINS, CAESAR HENRY HARTLIB, SAMUEL HAWKINS, SIR JOHN (British admiral) HARTMANN, KARL ROBERT EDUARD VON HAWKINS, SIR JOHN (British writer) HARTMANN, MORITZ HAWKINS, SIR RICHARD HARTMANN VON AUE HAWKS, FRANCIS LISTER HARTSHORN, SPIRITS OF HAWKSHAW, SIR JOHN HARTZENBUSCH, JUAN EUGENIO HAWKSLEY, THOMAS HARUN AL-RASHID HAWKSMOOR, NICHOLAS HARUSPICES HAWKWOOD, SIR JOHN HARVARD UNIVERSITY HAWLEY, HENRY HARVEST HAWLEY, JOSEPH ROSWELL HARVEST-BUG HAWORTH HARVESTER HAWSER HARVEY, GABRIEL HAWTHORN (Australian city) HARVEY, SIR GEORGE HAWTHORN (genus of shrubs) HARVEY, WILLIAM HAWTHORNE, NATHANIEL HARVEY (Illinois, U.S.A.) HAWTREY, CHARLES HENRY HARWICH HAWTREY, EDWARD CRAVEN HARZBURG HAXO, FRANCOIS NICOLAS BENOIT HARZ MOUNTAINS HAXTHAUSEN, AUGUST FRANZ LUDWIG MARIA HASA, EL HAY, GEORGE HASAN and HOSAIN HAY, GILBERT HASAN UL-BASRI HAY, JOHN HASBEYA HAY (Australia) HASDAI IBN SHAPRUT HAY (Wales) HASDEU, BOGDAN PETRICEICU HAY (dried grass) HASDRUBAL HAYASHI, TADASU HASE, CARL BENEDICT HAYDEN, FERDINAND VANDEVEER HASE, KARL AUGUST VON HAYDN, FRANZ JOSEPH HASHISH HAYDON, BENJAMIN ROBERT HASLEMERE HAYES, RUTHERFORD BIRCHARD HASLINGDEN HAY FEVER HASPE HAYLEY, WILLIAM HASSAM, CHILDE HAYM, RUDOLF HASSAN HAYNAU, JULIUS JACOB HASSANIA HAYNE, ROBERT YOUNG HASSAN IBN THABIT HAYTER, SIR GEORGE HASSE, JOHANN ADOLPH HAYTON HASSELQUIST, FREDERIK HAYWARD, ABRAHAM HASSELT, ANDRE CONSTANT VAN HAYWARD, SIR JOHN HASSELT HAYWOOD, ELIZA HASSENPFLUG, HANS FRIEDRICH HAZARA (race of Afghanistan) HASTINAPUR HAZARA (district of British India) HASTINGS (English family) HAZARD HASTINGS, RAWDON-HASTINGS HAZARIBAGH HASTINGS, FRANK ABNEY HAZEBROUCK HASTINGS, WARREN HAZEL HASTINGS (Sussex, England) HAZLETON HASTINGS (Nebraska, U.S.A.) HAZLITT, WILLIAM HAT HEAD, SIR EDMUND WALKER HATCH, EDWIN HEAD, SIR FRANCIS BOND HATCH HEAD HATCHET HEAD-HUNTING HATCHETTITE HEALTH HATCHMENT HEALY, GEORGE PETER ALEXANDER HATFIELD HEANOR

INITIALS USED IN VOLUME XI. TO IDENTIFY INDIVIDUAL CONTRIBUTORS,[1] WITH THE HEADINGS OF THE ARTICLES IN THIS VOLUME SO SIGNED.

A. E. G.* REV. ALFRED ERNEST GARVIE, M.A., D.D.

Principal of New College, Hampstead. Member of the Board of Theology and the Board of Philosophy, London University. Author of _Studies in the Inner Life of Jesus_, &c.

Heresy (_in part_).

A. D. HENRY AUSTIN DOBSON, LL.D.

See the biographical article, DOBSON, H. A.

Hogarth.

A. E. T. W. ALFRED EDWARD THOMAS WATSON.

Editor of the _Badminton Library_ and _Badminton Magazine_. Formerly Editor of the _Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News_. Author of _The Racing World and its Inhabitants_: &c.

Horse-Racing (_in part_); Hunting.

A. C. S. ALGERNON CHARLES SWINBURNE.

See the biographical article, SWINBURNE, A. C.

Hugo, Victor.

A. Cy. ARTHUR ERNEST COWLEY, M.A., LITT.D.

Sub-Librarian of the Bodleian Library, Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College.

Hebrew Language; Hebrew Literature.

A. F. P. ALBERT FREDERICK POLLARD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

Professor of English History in the University of London. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford. Assistant Editor of the _Dictionary of National Biography_, 1893-1901. Lothian Prizeman (Oxford), 1892, Arnold Prizeman, 1898. Author of _England under the Protector Somerset_; _Henry VIII._; _Life of Thomas Cranmer_; &c.

Heath, Nicholas; Henry VIII. of England; Hooper, Bishop; Humphrey, Lawrence.

A. Go.* REV. ALEXANDER GORDON, M.A.

Lecturer on Church History in the University of Manchester.

Hofmann, Melchior; Hotman.

A. H. S. REV. ARCHIBALD HENRY SAYCE, D.D., LITT.D., LL.D.

See the biographical article, SAYCE, A. H.

Humboldt, Karl W. Von.

A. H.-S. SIR A. HOUTUM-SCHINDLER, C.I.E.

General in the Persian Army. Author of _Eastern Persian Irak_.

Hormuz (_in part_).

A. J. H. ALFRED J. HIPKINS, F.S.A. (1826-1903).

Formerly Member of Council and Hon. Curator of the Royal College of Music, London. Member of Committee of the Inventions and Music Exhibition, 1885; of the Vienna Exhibition, 1892; and of the Paris Exhibition, 1900. Author of _Musical Instruments_; &c.

Harp (_in part_).

A. L. ANDREW LANG.

See the biographical article, LANG, ANDREW.

Hauntings.

A. M. C. AGNES MARY CLERKE.

See the biographical article, CLERKE, A. M.

Herschel, Sir F. W. (_in part_); Herschel, Sir J. F. W. (_in part_); Hevelius; Hipparchus; Horrocks; Huggins; Humboldt.

A. N. ALFRED NEWTON, F.R.S.

See the biographical article, NEWTON, ALFRED.

Harpy; Harrier; Hawfinch; Hawk; Heron; Hoactzin; Honeyeater; Honey Guide; Hoopoe; Hornbill; Humming-Bird.

A. Sl. ARTHUR SHADWELL, M.A., M.D., LL.D., F.R.C.P.

Member of Council of Epidemiological Society. Author of _Industrial Efficiency_; _The London Water Supply_; _Drink, Temperance and Legislation_.

Housing.

A. W. H.* ARTHUR WILLIAM HOLLAND.

Formerly Scholar of St John's College, Oxford. Bacon Scholar of Gray's Inn, 1900.

Henry IV.: _Roman Emperor_; Hide; Hohenzollern; Honorius II.: _Anti-Pope_.

A. W. W. ADOLPHUS WILLIAM WARD, LITT.D., LL.D.

See the biographical article, WARD, A. W.

Hrosvitha.

C. A. M. F. CHARLES AUGUSTUS MAUDE FENNELL, M.A., LITT.D.

Formerly Fellow of Jesus College, Cambridge. Editor of Pindar's _Odes and Fragments_; and of the _Stanford Dictionary of Anglicised Words and Phrases_.

Hercules.

C. B.* CHARLES BEMONT, LITT.D. (Oxon.).

See the biographical article, BEMONT, C.

Havet; Hozier.

C. El. SIR CHARLES NORTON EDGCUMBE ELIOT, K.C.M.G., C.B., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L.

Vice-Chancellor of Sheffield University. Formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Oxford. H.M.'s Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief for the British East Africa Protectorate; Agent and Consul-General at Zanzibar; and Consul-General for German East Africa, 1900-1904.

Hissar (_in part_); Hungary: _Language_; Huns.

C. F. A. CHARLES FRANCIS ATKINSON.

Formerly Scholar of Queen's College, Oxford. Captain, 1st City of London (Royal Fusiliers). Author of _The Wilderness and Cold Harbour_.

Hohenlohe (_in part_).

C. H. Ha. CARLTON HUNTLEY HAYES, A.M., PH.D.

Assistant Professor of History in Columbia University, New York City. Member of the American Historical Association.

Honorius II., III., IV.

C. J. L. SIR CHARLES JAMES LYALL, K.C.S.I., C.I.E., LL.D. (Edin.).

Secretary Judicial and Public Department, India Office. Fellow of King's College, London. Secretary to Government of India, Home Department, 1889-1894. Chief Commissioner, Central Provinces, India, 1895-1898. Author of _Translations of Ancient Arabic Poetry_; &c.

Hindostani Literature.

C. L. K. CHARLES LETHBRIDGE KINGSFORD, M.A., F.R.HIST.S., F.S.A.

Assistant Secretary to the Board of Education. Author of _Life of Henry V._ Editor of _Chronicles of London_, and Stow's _Survey of London_.

Henry IV., V., VI.: _of England_.

C. Mo. WILLIAM COSMO MONKHOUSE.

See the biographical article, MONKHOUSE, W. C.

Hunt, W. Holman.

C. P. REV. CHARLES PRITCHARD, M.A.

See the biographical article, PRITCHARD, CHARLES.

Herschel, Sir F. W. (_in part_); Herschel, Sir J. F. W. (_in part_).

C. Pf. CHRISTIAN PEISTER, D.-ES-L.

Professor at the Sorbonne, Paris. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of _Etudes sur le regne de Robert le Pieux_.

Hunald.

C. R. B. CHARLES RAYMOND BEAZLEY, M.A., D.LITT.

Professor of Modern History in the University of Birmingham. Formerly Fellow of Merton College, Oxford, and University Lecturer in the History of Geography. Author of _Henry the Navigator_; _The Dawn of Modern Geography_; &c.

Hayton; Henry the Navigator.

C. S. CARL SCHURZ, LL.D.

See the biographical article, SCHURZ, CARL.

Hayes, Rutherford B.

C. W. W. SIR CHARLES WILLIAM WILSON, K.C.B., K.C.M.G., F.R.S. (1836-1907).

Major-General, Royal Engineers. Secretary to the North American Boundary Commission, 1858-1862. British Commissioner on the Servian Boundary Commission. Director-General of the Ordnance Survey, 1886-1894. Director-General of Military Education, 1895-1898. Author of _From Korti to Khartoum_; _Life of Lord Clive_; &c.

Hierapolis (_in part_).

D. B. M. DAVID BINNING MONRO, M.A., LITT.D.

See the biographical article, MONRO, DAVID BINNING.

Homer.

D. F. T. DONALD FRANCIS TOVEY.

Author of _Essays in Musical Analysis_: comprising _The Classical Concerto_, _The Goldberg Variations_, and analyses of many other classical works.

Harmony.

D. Gi. SIR DAVID GILL, K.C.B., LL.D., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., D.SC.

H.M. Astronomer at Cape of Good Hope, 1879-1907. Served in Geodetic Survey of Egypt, and on the expedition to Ascension Island to determine the Solar Parallax by observations of Mars. Directed Geodetic Survey of Natal, Cape Colony and Rhodesia. Author of _Geodetic Survey of South Africa_; _Catalogues of Stars for the Equinoxes_ (1850, 1860, 1885, 1890, 1900); &c.

Heliometer.

D. G. H. DAVID GEORGE HOGARTH, M.A.

Keeper of the Ashmolean Museum, Oxford. Fellow of Magdalen College, Oxford. Fellow of the British Academy. Excavated at Paphos, 1888; Naucratis, 1899 and 1903; Ephesus, 1904-1905; Assiut, 1906-1907. Director, British School at Athens, 1897-1900. Director, Cretan Exploration Fund, 1899.

Heraclea (_in part_); Hierapolis (_in part_); Hittites.

D. H. DAVID HANNAY.

Formerly British Vice-Consul at Barcelona. Author of _Short History of the Royal Navy_; _Life of Emilio Castelar_; &c.

Heyn; Hood, Viscount; Howe, Earl; Humour.

D. Mn. REV. DUGALD MACFADYEN, M.A.

Minister of South Grove Congregational Church, Highgate. Author of _Constructive Congregational Ideals_; &c.

Henderson, Alexander (_in part_).

D. S.* DAVID SHARP, M.A., M.B., F.R.S., F.Z.S.

Editor of the _Zoological Record_. Formerly Curator of Museum of Zoology, University of Cambridge. President of Entomological Society of London. Author of "Insecta" (_Cambridge Natural History_); &c.

Hexapoda (_in part_).

E. C. B. RT. REV. EDWARD CUTHBERT BUTLER, O.S.B., M.A., D.LITT.

Abbot of Downside Abbey, Bath. Author of "The Lausiac History of Palladius" in _Cambridge Texts and Studies_, vol. vi.

Hieronymites; Hilarion, Saint.

E. D. B. EDWIN DAMPIER BRICKWOOD.

Author of _Boat-Racing_; &c.

Horse: _History_; Horse-Racing (_in part_).

E. D. Bu. EDWARD DUNDAS BUTLER.

Formerly Assistant in the Department of Printed Books, British Museum. Foreign Member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. Author of _Hungarian Poems and Fables for English Readers_; &c.

Hungary: _Literature_ (_in part_).

E. E. S. ERNEST EDWARD SIKES, M.A.

Fellow, Tutor and Lecturer, St John's College, Cambridge. Newton Student at Athens, 1890. Editor of the _Prometheus Vinctus_ of Aeschylus, and of _The Homeric Hymns_.

Hephaestus; Hera; Hermes.

E. F. S. EDWARD FAIRBROTHER STRANGE.

Assistant-Keeper, Victoria and Albert Museum, South Kensington. Member of Council, Japan Society. Author of numerous works on art subjects. Joint-editor of Bell's "Cathedral" Series.

Hiroshige; Hokusai.

E. G. EDMUND GOSSE, LL.D.

See the biographical article, GOSSE, EDMUND, W.

Heroic Romances; Heroic Verse; Herrick; Holberg.

Ed. M. EDUARD MEYER, PH.D., D.LITT. (OXON.), LL.D.

Professor of Ancient History in the University of Berlin. Author of _Geschichte des Alterthums_; _Geschichte des alten Aegyptens_; _Die Israeliten und ihre Nachbarstamme_.

Hormizd.

E. M. W. REV. EDWARD MEWBURN WALKER, M.A.

Fellow, Senior Tutor and Librarian of Queen's College, Oxford.

Herodotus (_in part_).

E. O.* EDMUND OWEN, M.B., F.R.C.S., LL.D., D.SC.

Consulting Surgeon to St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the Children's Hospital, Great Ormond Street, London. Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Late Examiner in Surgery at the Universities of Cambridge, London and Durham. Author of _A Manual of Anatomy for Senior Students_.

Heart: _Surgery_; Hernia.

E. Pr. EDGAR PRESTAGE.

Special Lecturer in Portuguese Literature at the University of Manchester. Commendador, Portuguese Order of S. Thiago. Corresponding Member of Lisbon Royal Academy of Sciences and Lisbon Geographical Society.

Herculano de Carvalho e Araiyo.

E. Re.* EMIL REICH, DOC.JURIS., F.R.HIST.S.

Author of _Hungarian Literature_; _History of Civilization_; &c.

Hungary: _Literature_ (_in part_).

E. R. B. EDWYN ROBERT BEVAN, M.A.

New College, Oxford. Author of _The House of Seleucus_; _Jerusalem under the High Priests_.

Hellenism.

F. B. FELICE BARNABEI, LITT.D.

Formerly Director of Museum of Antiquities at Rome. Author of archaeological papers in Italian reviews and in the _Athenaeum_.

Herculaneum.

F. C. C. FREDERICK CORNWALLIS CONYBEARE, M.A., D.TH. (Giessen).

Fellow of the British Academy. Formerly Fellow of University College, Oxford. Author of _The Ancient Armenian Texts of Aristotle_; _Myth, Magic and Morals_; &c.

Holy Water.

F. G. M. B. FREDERICK GEORGE MEESON BECK, M.A.

Fellow and Lecturer of Clare College, Cambridge.

Heruli.

F. G. P. FREDERICK GYMER PARSONS, F.R.C.S., F.Z.S., F.R.ANTHROP.INST.

Vice-President, Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Lecturer on Anatomy at St Thomas's Hospital and the London School of Medicine for Women. Formerly Hunterian Professor at the Royal College of Surgeons.

Heart: _Anatomy_.

F. G. S. F. G. STEPHENS.

Formerly art critic of the _Athenaeum_. Author of _Artists at Home_; _George Cruikshank_; _Memorials of W. Mulready_; _French and Flemish Pictures_; _Sir E. Landseer_; _T. C. Hook, R.A._; &c.

Holl, Frank.

F. H. B. FRANCIS HENRY BUTLER, M.A.

Worcester College, Oxford. Associate of the Royal School of Mines.

Honey; Hunter, John; Hunter, William.

F. Ll. G. FRANCIS LLEWELLYN GRIFFITH, M.A., PH.D., F.S.A.

Reader in Egyptology, Oxford University. Editor of the Archaeological Survey and Archaeological Reports of the Egypt Exploration Fund. Fellow of Imperial German Archaeological Institute.

Heliopolis; Hermes Trismegistus; Horus.

F. O. B. FREDERICK ORPEN BOWER, D.SC., F.R.S.

Regius Professor of Botany in the University of Glasgow. Author of _Practical Botany for Beginners_.

Hofmeister.

F. Px. FRANK PUAUX.

President of the Societe de l'Histoire du Protestantisme francais. Author of _Les Precurseurs francais de la tolerance_; _Histoire de l'etablissement des protestants francais en Suede_; _L'Eglise reformee de France_; &c.

Huguenots.

G. A. Gr. GEORGE ABRAHAM GRIERSON, C.I.E., PH.D., D.LITT.

Member of the Indian Civil Service, 1873-1903. In charge of Linguistic Survey of India, 1898-1902. Gold Medallist, Asiatic Society, 1909. Vice-President of the Royal Asiatic Society. Formerly Fellow of Calcutta University. Author of _The Languages of India_; &c.

Hindostani.

G. C. R. GEORGE CROOM ROBERTSON, M.A.

See the biographical article, ROBERTSON, G. C.

Hobbes, Thomas (_in part_).

G. C. W. GEORGE CHARLES WILLIAMSON, LITT.D.

Chevalier of the Legion of Honour. Author of _Portrait Miniatures_; _Life of Richard Cosway_, R.A.; _George Engleheart_; _Portrait Drawings_; &c. Editor of new edition of Bryan's _Dictionary of Printers and Engravers_.

Hilliard, Lawrence; Hilliard, Nicholas; Hoskins; Humphry, Ozias.

G. G. S. GEORGE GREGORY SMITH, M.A.

Professor of English Literature, Queen's University of Belfast. Author of The _Days of James IV._; _The Transition Period_; _Specimens of Middle Scots_; &c.

Henryson.

G. E. REV. GEORGE EDMUNDSON, M.A., F.R.HIST.S.

Formerly Fellow and Tutor of Brasenose College, Oxford. Ford's Lecturer, 1909. Hon. Member, Dutch Historical Society, and Foreign Member, Netherlands Association of Literature.

Holland: _History_. Holland: _County and Province of_.

G. H. C. GEORGE HERBERT CARPENTER, B.SC.

Professor of Zoology in the Royal College of Science, Dublin. President of the Association of Economic Biologists. Member of the Royal Irish Academy. Author of _Insects: their Structure and Life_; &c.

Hemiptera; Hexapoda (_in part_).

G. J. T. GEORGE JAMES TURNER.

Barrister-at-Law, Lincoln's Inn. Editor of _Select Pleas for the Forests_ for the Selden Society.

Hundred.

G. K. GUSTAV KRUGER.

Professor of Church History in the University of Giessen. Author of _Das Papsttum_; &c.

Hippolytus.

G. R.

REV. GEORGE RAWLINSON, M.A.

See the biographical article, RAWLINSON, GEORGE.

Herodotus (_in part_).

G. W. T. REV. GRIFFITHES WHEELER THATCHER, M.A., B.D.

Warden of Camden College, Sydney, N.S.W. Formerly Tutor in Hebrew and Old Testament History at Mansfield College, Oxford.

Hasan-ul-Basri; Hassan ibn Thabit; Hisham ibn al-Kalbi.

H. LORD HOUGHTON.

See the biographical article, HOUGHTON, 1ST BARON.

Hood, Thomas.

H. Br. HENRY BRADLEY, M.A., PH.D.

Joint-editor of the _New English Dictionary_ (Oxford). Fellow of the British Academy. Author of _The Story of the Goths_; _The Making of English_; &c.

Heliand.

H. Bt. SIR HENRY BURDETT, K.C.B., K.C.V.O.

Founder and Editor of _The Hospital_. Formerly Superintendent of the Queen's Hospital, Birmingham, and the Seamen's Hospital, Greenwich. Author of _Hospitals and Asylums of the World_; &c.

Hospital.

H. Ch. HUGH CHISHOLM, M.A.

Formerly Scholar of Corpus Christi College, Oxford. Editor of the 11th edition of the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_; Co-editor of the 10th edition.

Howe, Samuel Gridley.

H. De. HIPPOLYTE DELEHAYE, S.J.

Assistant in the compilation of the Bollandist publications: _Analecta Bollandiana_ and _Acta sanctorum_.

Helena, St; Hubert, St.

H. L. HENRI LABROSSE.

Assistant Librarian at the Bibliotheque Nationale, Paris. Officer of the Academy.

Hugh of St Cher.

H. L. C. HUGH LONGBOURNE CALLENDAR, F.R.S., LL.D.

Professor of Physics, Royal College of Science, London. Formerly Professor of Physics in McGill College, Montreal, and in University College, London.

Heat.

H. M. V. HERBERT M. VAUGHAN, F.S.A.

Keble College, Oxford. Author of _The Last of the Royal Stuarts_; _The Medici Popes_; _The Last Stuart Queen_.

Henry, Stuart (Cardinal York).

H. W. C. D. HENRY WILLIAM CARLESS DAVIS, M.A.

Fellow and Tutor of Balliol College, Oxford. Fellow of All Souls College, Oxford, 1895-1902. Author of _England under the Normans and Angevins_; Charlemagne.

Henry I., II., III,: _Of England_. Henry of Huntingdon.

H. W. R.* REV. HENRY WHEELER ROBINSON, M.A.

Professor of Church History in Rawdon College, Leeds. Senior Kennicott Scholar, Oxford, 1901. Author of _Hebrew Psychology in Relation to Pauline Anthropology_ (in Mansfield College Essays); &c.

Hosea (_in part_).

H. W. S. H. WICKHAM STEED.

Correspondent of _The Times_ at Vienna. Correspondent of _The Times_ at Rome, 1897-1902.

Humbert, King.

H. Y. SIR HENRY YULE, K.C.S.I., C.B.

See the biographical article, YULE, SIR H.

Hormuz (_in part_); Hsuan Tsang (_in part_).

I. A. ISRAEL ABRAHAMS, M.A.

Reader in Talmudic and Rabbinic Literature in the University of Cambridge. Formerly President, Jewish Historical Society of England. Author of _A Short History of Jewish Literature_; _Jewish Life in the Middle Ages_; _Judaism_; &c.

Hasdai ibn Shaprut; Herzl; Hirsch, Samson R.

J. A. C. SIR JOSEPH ARCHER CROWE, K.C.M.G.

See the biographical article, CROWE, SIR J. A.

Hobbema; Holbein.

J. A. R. VERY REV. JOSEPH ARMITAGE ROBINSON, D.D.

Dean of Westminster. Fellow of the British Academy. Hon. Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge. Formerly Fellow of Christ's College, Cambridge, and Norrisian Professor of Divinity in the University. Author of _Some Thoughts on the Incarnation_; &c.

Hippolytus, The Canons of.

J. Bt. JAMES BARTLETT.

Lecturer on Construction, Architecture, Sanitation, Quantities, &c., at King's College, London. Member of Society of Architects. Member of Institute of Junior Engineers.

Heating.

J. B. T. SIR JOHN BATTY TUKE, M.D., F.R.S. (EDIN.), D.SC., LL.D.

President of the Neurological Society of the United Kingdom. Medical Director of New Saughton Hall Asylum, Edinburgh. M.P. for the Universities of Edinburgh and St Andrews, 1900-1910.

Hippocrates.

J. Da. REV. JAMES DAVIES, M.A. (1820-1883).

Formerly Head Master of Ludlow Grammar School and Prebendary of Hereford Cathedral. Translated classical authors for Bohn's "Classical Library." Author of volumes in Collins's _Ancient Classics for English Readers_.

Hesiod (_in part_).

J. E. H. JULIUS EGGELING, PH.D.

Professor of Sanskrit and Comparative Philology, University of Edinburgh. Formerly Secretary and Librarian to Royal Asiatic Society.

Hinduism.

J. F. F. JOHN FAITHFULL FLEET, C.I.E.

Commissioner of Central and Southern Divisions of Bombay, 1891-1897. Author of _Inscriptions of the Early Gupta Kings_; &c.

Hindu Chronology.

J. F. H. B. SIR JOHN FRANCIS HARPIN BROADBENT, BART., M.A., M.D.

Physician to Out-Patients, St Mary's Hospital, London, and to the Hampstead General Hospital. Assistant Physician to the London Fever Hospital. Author of _Heart Disease and Aneurysm_; &c.

Heart: _Heart Disease_.

J. G.* REV. JAMES GOW, M.A., LITT.D.