CHAPTER I

.--Of Water, as Painted by the Ancients.

Sec. 1. Sketch of the functions and infinite agency of water. 325 Sec. 2. The ease with which a common representation of it may be given. The impossibility of a faithful one. 325 Sec. 3. Difficulty of properly dividing the subject. 326 Sec. 4. Inaccuracy of study of water-effect among all painters. 326 Sec. 5. Difficulty of treating this part of the subject. 328 Sec. 6. General laws which regulate the phenomena of water. First, The imperfection of its reflective surface. 329 Sec. 7. The inherent hue of water modifies dark reflections, and does not affect right ones. 330 Sec. 8. Water takes no shadow. 331 Sec. 9. Modification of dark reflections by shadow. 332 Sec. 10. Examples on the waters of the Rhone. 333 Sec. 11. Effect of ripple on distant water. 335 Sec. 12. Elongation of reflections by moving water. 335 Sec. 13. Effect of rippled water on horizontal and inclined images. 336 Sec. 14. To what extent reflection is visible from above. 336 Sec. 15. Deflection of images on agitated water. 337 Sec. 16. Necessity of watchfulness as well as of science. Licenses, how taken by great men. 337 Sec. 17. Various licenses or errors in water painting of Claude, Cuyp, Vandevelde. 339 Sec. 18. And Canaletto. 341 Sec. 19. Why unpardonable. 342 Sec. 20. The Dutch painters of sea. 343 Sec. 21. Ruysdael, Claude, and Salvator. 344 Sec. 22. Nicolo Poussin. 345 Sec. 23. Venetians and Florentines. Conclusion. 346

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