CHAPTER I

.--Of Truth of Vegetation.

Sec. 1. Frequent occurrence of foliage in the works of the old masters. 384 Sec. 2. Laws common to all forest trees. Their branches do not taper, but only divide. 385 Sec. 3. Appearance of tapering caused by frequent buds. 385 Sec. 4. And care of nature to conceal the parallelism. 386 Sec. 5. The degree of tapering which may be represented as continuous. 386 Sec. 6. The trees of Gaspar Poussin. 386 Sec. 7. And of the Italian school generally, defy this law. 387 Sec. 8. The truth, as it is given by J. D. Harding. 387 Sec. 9. Boughs, in consequence of this law, _must_ diminish where they divide. Those of the old masters often do not. 388 Sec. 10. Boughs must multiply as they diminish. Those of the old masters do not. 389 Sec. 11. Bough-drawing of Salvator. 390 Sec. 12. All these errors especially shown in Claude's sketches, and concentrated in a work of G. Poussin's. 391 Sec. 13. Impossibility of the angles of boughs being taken out of them by wind. 392 Sec. 14. Bough-drawing of Titian. 392 Sec. 15. Bough-drawing of Turner. 394 Sec. 16. Leafage. Its variety and symmetry. 394 Sec. 17. Perfect regularity of Poussin. 395 Sec. 18. Exceeding intricacy of nature's foliage. 396 Sec. 19. How contradicted by the tree-patterns of G. Poussin. 396 Sec. 20. How followed by Creswick. 397 Sec. 21. Perfect unity in nature's foliage. 398 Sec. 22. Total want of it in Both and Hobbima. 398 Sec. 23. How rendered by Turner. 399 Sec. 24. The near leafage of Claude. His middle distances are good. 399 Sec. 25. Universal termination of trees in symmetrical curves. 400 Sec. 26. Altogether unobserved by the old masters. Always given by Turner. 401 Sec. 27. Foliage painting on the Continent. 401 Sec. 28. Foliage of J. D. Harding. Its deficiencies. 402 Sec. 29. His brilliancy of execution too manifest. 403 Sec. 30. His bough-drawing, and choice of form. 404 Sec. 31. Local color, how far expressible in black and white, and with what advantage. 404 Sec. 32. Opposition between great manner and great knowledge. 406 Sec. 33. Foliage of Cox, Fielding, and Cattermole. 406 Sec. 34. Hunt and Creswick. Green, how to be rendered expressive of light, and offensive if otherwise. 407 Sec. 35. Conclusion. Works of J. Linnel and S. Palmer. 407

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