Chapter V

. Vol. I. p. 101, n. 3, _supra_.

Footnote 771:

This is shown by, among other things, the claims of the kings of Armenia, Cappadocia, and Pontus to be descended from the seven heroes who delivered Persia from the Magians after the death of Cambyses. See Droysen, _op. cit._ II. p. 519; III. pp. 82, 83.

Footnote 772:

Droysen, _op. cit._ III. p. 83.

Footnote 773:

Horace, _Odes_, Bk IV. Ode 5. Cf. his _Carmen Seculare_.

Footnote 774:

Renan, _L’Antéchrist_, pp. 317, 318, for authorities. A critical essay on the Neronic myth and its congeners is to be found in Dr Charles’ _Ascension of Isaiah_, p. li _sqq._

Footnote 775:

Gibbon, _Decline and Fall_ (Bury’s ed.), vol. I. pp. 5, 205.

Footnote 776:

Gibbon, _op. cit._ I. p. 209. Severus’ victories are doubted by Gibbon; and Prof. Bury apparently supports his author.

Footnote 777:

_Op. cit._ I. pp. 269, 270. Prof. Bury in his Appendix 17 points out that the whole history of Valerian’s capture is still very obscure.

Footnote 778:

_Op. cit._ I. p. 340.

Footnote 779:

_Op. cit._ I. p. 375. See Prof. Bury’s note 83 on page cited.

Footnote 780:

_Op. cit._ II. pp. 228-231.

Footnote 781:

_Op. cit._ I. p. 373.

Footnote 782:

Gibbon, _op. cit._ V. pp. 78 sqq. Winwood Reade, _Martyrdom of Man_, pp. 249, 250, tells the story excellently and dramatically.

Footnote 783:

Horace, _Odes_, Bk I. Ode 38.

Footnote 784:

Gibbon, _op. cit._ I. p. 382. Cf. Cumont, _Religions Orientales_, p. 171. Lactantius, _de Mort. Persecutor._ c. XXI., says that this was the conscious aim of Galerius. Although his authority in such a matter is suspect, there can be little doubt of the fact.

Footnote 785:

The actual decree of the emperors is given in Cumont, _Textes et Monuments_, t. II. inscr. 367. The date should probably be 304 A.D. See n. on Table of Dates, Vol. I. _supra_.

Footnote 786:

Plutarch, _Vit. Pomp._ c. XXIV.

Footnote 787:

Cumont, _Rel. Or._ pp. 167, 168; 173, 174; _id._ _T. et M._ I. pp. 9, 10. Cf. _P.S.B.A._ 1912, pp. 127, 128.

Footnote 788:

Cumont, _T. et M._ I. p. 247.

Footnote 789:

Dill, _Roman Society from Nero to Marcus Aurelius_, pp. 593-597.

Footnote 790:

Cumont, _T. et M._ I. p. 248.

Footnote 791:

For the list see Cumont, _T. et M._ I. p. 258, n. 7. He thinks the worship was first introduced here by the legions from Germany.

Footnote 792:

Avezou and Picard, “Bas-relief Mithriaque,” _R.H.R._ t. LXIV. (Sept. Oct. 1911), pp. 179 _sqq._

Footnote 793:

Cumont, _T. et M._ I. p. 223, n. 2.

Footnote 794:

Herodotus, Bk I. c. 131. Cf. F. Max Müller, _Hibbert Lectures_, p. 276. The similarity of name between Varuna and the Greek Ouranos is fairly obvious. Prof. Hope Moulton, _Early Zoroastrianism_, 1913, pp. 391, 392, n. 3, argues that the Persian god of the sky was called Dyaush or Zeus.

Footnote 795:

Certainly of the Mitannians, who, according to Prof. Hugo Winckler, were one of the two main branches of the Hittites, and a Syrian people. See his report on Excavations at Boghaz Keui in the _Mitteilungen_ of the Deutsche Orient-Gesellschaft for 1907. The text is given in the _J.R.A.S._ for 1910, pp. 723 _sqq._

Footnote 796:

If we accept the latest theory which makes Russia the original home of the Aryan race (see Zaborowski, _Les Peuples Aryens d’Asie et d’Europe_, Paris, 1908, p. 424) it may have even had a European origin.

Footnote 797:

Cumont, _T. et M._ I. p. 225.

Footnote 798:

James Darmesteter, _Essais Orientaux_, Paris, 1883, p. 113.

Footnote 799:

Casartelli, _La Philosophie Religieuse du Mazdéisme sous les Sassanides_, pp. 17, 18.

Footnote 800:

_Op. cit._ p. 73.

Footnote 801:

660-583 B.C. See A. V. Williams Jackson, _Zoroaster_, N.Y. 1901, p. 15 and Appx II. and III. Cf. D. Menant, “Parsis et Parsisme,” _Conférences au Musée Guimet_ (Bibl. de Vulgarisation), 1904, t. XVI. 1ère Ptie, p. 149.

Footnote 802:

Darmesteter, _Le Zend Avesta_ (Annales du Musée Guimet), Paris, 1892, p. xxvii, for dates. West, _Pahlavi Texts_, pt I. (Sacred Books of the East), pp. lxviii-lxix; pt II. p. xxiv. Cf. Hope Moulton, _op. cit._ pp. 126, 127.

Footnote 803:

Herodotus, Bk III. c. 61 _sqq._

Footnote 804:

_The Sculptures and Inscriptions of Darius the Great at Behistun_, British Museum Publications, 1907.

Footnote 805:

_Op. cit._ pp. 8, 9.

Footnote 806:

_Op. cit._ p. 14.

Footnote 807:

Maspero, _Hist. Ancienne des Peuples de l’Orient Classique_, Paris, 1899, t. III. p. 674; Rawlinson, _History of Herodotus_, 1862, vol. II. p. 458.

Footnote 808:

Herodotus, Bk I. c. 140; VII. c. 113.

Footnote 809:

_Op. cit._ Bk I. c. 131.

Footnote 810:

Plutarch, _de Is. et Os._ c. XLVI.

Footnote 811:

As in the book called “The Illumination of Bel” found in Assurbanipal’s Library at Kuyunjik. See Sayce, “Astronomy and Astrology of the ancient Babylonians and Assyrians,” _T.S.B.A._ vol. III. pp. 146 _sqq._ Cf.