Chapter XIII
, _infra_.
Footnote 917:
Origen, _adv. Cels._ Bk VI. c. 22. For “musical” there should probably be read mystical, the τ being easily omitted by a copyist.
Footnote 918:
Cumont, _T. et M._ I. p. 38.
Footnote 919:
Charles, _Bk of the Secrets of Enoch_, pp. xxx _sqq._
Footnote 920:
The Greek Apocalypse of Baruch, published by James in _Cambridge Texts and Studies_, vol. V. No. 1, p. 44.
Footnote 921:
_adv. Cels._ Bk VI. c. 22. He has, however, got the order wrong, as copper is generally associated with the planet Venus, tin with Jupiter, iron with Mars, silver with the Moon, gold with the Sun, and lead with Saturn.
Footnote 922:
Bouché Leclercq, _L’Astrologie Grecque_, p. 23, for authorities.
Footnote 923:
_Op. cit._ p. 276. Cf. Cumont, _T. et M._ I. p. 40.
Footnote 924:
Porphyry, _de Abstinentia_, Bk IV. c. 16.
Footnote 925:
Cumont, _T. et M._ I. p. 129, n. 6, for list of monuments.
Footnote 926:
_Op. et loc. cit._; _id._ _Rel. Or._ p. 179.
Footnote 927:
See p. 234, _supra_. The figure of the divine archer in the winged disk which figured on the coins called darics is, perhaps, the exception which proves the rule. Or is this meant for the Fravashi or genius of the king? Cf. Hope Moulton, _Early Zoroastrianism_, p. 260.
Footnote 928:
Somewhere about 204 B.C. See Cumont, _Rel. Or._ p. 58.
Footnote 929:
Orelli, _Inscpt. Latinar. selectar._ Turin, 1828, vol. I. pp. 406-412.
Footnote 930:
See Cumont, _T. et M._ II. p. 95, inscr. 15, p. 98, inscr. 23; p. 100 inscr. 40; p. 101, inscr. 41. The tomb of Vincentius in the Catacomb of Praetextatus at Rome would show an instance of the joint worship of Sabazius, the consort of the Great Mother, and of Mithras, if we could trust Garrucci’s restoration, for which see his _Les Mystères du Syncrétisme Phrygien_, Paris, 1854. It has been quoted in this sense by Hatch, _H.L._ p. 290; but Cumont, _T. et M._ II. pp. 173 and 413, argues against this construction. For the pictures themselves, see Maass, _Orpheus_, München, 1895, pp. 221, 222.
Footnote 931:
Cumont, _T. et M._ II. p. 261, Fig. 99.
Footnote 932:
Kenyon, _Gk. Papyri_, p. 65.
Footnote 933:
This is the more likely because his second initiator bears the name of Asinius, which, as he himself says (Apuleius, _Metamorph._ Bk XI. c. 27), was not unconnected with his own transformation into the shape of an ass. The Emperor Commodus was initiated into both religions (Lampricius, _Commodus_, c. IΧ.).
Footnote 934:
See n. 1, p. 259, _supra_.
Footnote 935:
Dill, _Nero to Marcus Aurelius_, p. 625, n. 3, quoting Gasquet, _Mithras_, p. 137. See also Gibbon, vol. III. p. 498, Bury (Appendix 15).
Footnote 936:
Justin Martyr, _First Apology_, c. LXVI.
Footnote 937:
Porphyry, _de antro nymph._ c. 15. Tertullian, _de Praescpt._ c. 40.
Footnote 938:
Porphyry, _op. et loc. cit._
Footnote 939:
See Cumont, _T. et M._ I. p. 339, for authorities.
Footnote 940:
Augustine, _In Johann. evang. tractatus_, VII. or Cumont, _T. et M._ II. p. 59. This last thinks it more probable that the passage refers to Attis, as there is an allusion in it to redemption by blood. But this would hardly apply to the self-mutilation of the Galli, while it would to the blood-bath of the Taurobolium and Criobolium which so many high initiates of Mithras boast of undergoing.
Footnote 941:
J. Maurice, “La Dynastie Solaire des Seconds Flaviens,” _Rev. Archeol._ t. XVII. (1911), p. 397 and n. 1.
Footnote 942:
Cumont, _T. et M._ I. p. 339, quoting Minucius Felix.
Footnote 943:
_Op. cit._ I. p. 65.
Footnote 944:
The remains of five Mithraea were found in Ostia alone.
Footnote 945:
Cumont, _T. et M._ II. p. 204, Fig. 30, and p. 493, Fig. 430; or _P.S.B.A._ 1912, Pl. XIII. Figs. 1 and 2.
Footnote 946:
Cumont, _T. et M._ I. p. 62.
Footnote 947:
The story quoted from Pseudo-Augustine (Cumont, _op. cit._ I. p. 322) about the hands of the initiates being bound with chickens’-guts which were afterwards severed by a sword might account for the number of birds’ bones.
Footnote 948:
Cumont, _op. cit._ II. p. 21, gives the passage from Lampridius mentioned in n. 1, p. 260, _supra_.
Footnote 949:
_Op. cit._ I. p. 322, quoting Zacharius rhetor.
Footnote 950:
See