I.

INDIANS OF THE MISSIONS.

The distinction here is so far from being ethnological that it is scarcely geographical. Political, however, as it is, it is convenient--since the term itself indicates what we shall find, viz., a more or less imperfect Christianity throughout.

A.

_Indians of the Mission of Moxos._

MOXOS.

_Localities._--_a._ Missions of Carmen de Moxos, Concepcion de Moxos, San Joaquin de Moxos.

_b._ Loreto de Moxos, Trinidad, San Xavier, San Ignacio.

_c._ To the east of the Missions of Concepcion and Carmen, near the river Guaporé.

_Divisions._--_a._ Muchojéonès. _b._ Baurès. _c._ Moxos Proper.

_Numbers._--

Muchojéonès of Carmen 230 Christian Baurès 4,178 Pagan Baurès 1,000 Moxos 8,212 ------ Total 13,620

ITONAMA.

_Locality._--North-east of the province of Moxos. Missions of Magdalena and San Ramon.

_Name._--Native.

_Numbers_ in 1830.--At Magdalena, 2,831, at San Ramon, 1,984. Total, 4,815. All Christian.

_Conterminous_ with the _Iténès_, _Baurès_, _Canichanas_, _Moxas_.

CANICHANA.

_Present locality._--The Mission of San Pedro.

_Name._--Native.

_Numbers_ in 1830, 1939. All Christian.

MOVIMA.

_Present locality._--Mission of Santa Anna.

_Original locality._--Banks of the Yacuma.

_Conterminous_ with the Moxos, Canichanas, and Cayuvavas.

_Name._--Native.

_Numbers_ in 1830, 1238. All Christian.

_Language._--Between the Movima and the Moxas the language is the only important distinction.

CAYUVAVA.

_Present locality._--Mission of Exaltacion, at the northern part of the river Mamoré. Originally conterminous with the Movimas, Iténès, the Maropas, and Pacaguaras.

_Numbers_ in 1831, 2073. All Christian.

_Language._--Between the Cayuvava and the Moxas the language is the only important difference.

ITÈ (ITÈNÉS).

_Locality._--The junction of the Iténès and Mamoré.

_Name._--Native.

_Probable number._--From 1,000 to 1,200.

PACAGUARA.

_Locality._--The junction of the Beni and Mamoré.

SAPIBOCONI.

_Locality._--The province of Moxos.

The Sapiboconi are mentioned by Hervas, and, from him, in the Mithridates. They are not, however, mentioned by D'Orbigny, and are probably extinct. Their language is evidently different from any known tongue of either Moxos or Chiquitos; and judging from the comparison of the Mithridates, consisting only of seven words, it seems to be Quichuan rather than aught else.

ENGLISH. SAPIBOCONI. QUICHUA.

_Head_ emata matti _Lightning_ ilapa illapo. _Stone_ tumu rumi. _Year_ mara mara.

B.

_Indians of the Mission of Chiquitos._

CHIQUITOS.

_Locality._--Centre of the Province of Chiquito.

_Name._--Spanish.

_Tribes_, both existing and extinct, numerous.

_Numbers_ in 1830, 14,925. All Christianized.

_Conterminous_ with the Samucos, Guanos, Guatos, Tobas, Siriones, Guarayos, Saravecas, Otukés, Tapiis, Covarecas, Paioconecas, Tapacuras.

SARAVÉCA.

_Present locality._--The Mission of Santa Ana, and Casalvalco.

_Original locality._--North-eastern limits of the Chiquito tribes.

_Numbers._--At Santa Ana, 250; at La Reduction de Casalvalco, 100. All Christianized.

Except by language, scarcely distinguishable from the Chiquitos.

OTUKÉS.

_Present locality._--The Mission of Santo-Corazon.

_Original locality._--North-eastern parts of Chiquitos, on the frontiers of Brazil.

_Numbers._--150. All Christians.

Except by language, scarcely distinguishable from the Chiquitos.

COVARECA.

_Present locality._--The Mission of Santa Ana.

_Original locality._--The neighbourhood of the Saravecas and Curuminacas.

_Numbers._--About 50.

_Language._--Extinct, or almost extinct. Out of a few words collected by D'Orbigny, one-third Otuké.

CURUMINACA.

_Original locality._--North-east of the province of Chiquitos, between the Saravecas and the Otukés.

_Present locality._--With Saravecas, at Santa Ana and Casalvalco.

_Numbers._--100 at Santa Ana, 50 at Casalvalco. All Christian.

_Language._--Almost or wholly extinct. Out of a few words collected by D'Orbigny, five out of fourteen resembled the Otuké.

CURAVÉ.

_Present locality._--The Mission of Santa Corazon.

_Original locality._--The neighbourhood of the Saravecas and Curuminacas.

_Numbers._--50.

_Language._--Extinct. Said to have been peculiar. If so, the only important distinction between them and the other Chiquitos.

TAPII.

_Present locality._--The Mission of St. Jago de Chiquitos.

_Original locality._--The neighbourhood of the Otukés.

_Numbers._--50.

_Language._--Extinct. Said to have been peculiar. If so, the only important distinction between them and the other Chiquitos.

CURUCANECA.

_Present locality._--Mission of San Rafael.

_Original locality._--That of the Saravecas, Otukés, &c.

_Numbers_ in 1832, about 50.

_Language._--Extinct. Said to have been peculiar. If so, the only important distinction between them and the other Chiquitos.

CORABECA.

This nation was conducted by the Jesuits to the Mission of San Rafael; its original locality having been to the south of that settlement, on the borders of the Gran Chaco. Here they became unmanageable, and escaped to the woods--it is supposed to those of their original home. At present, the numbers were put by D'Orbigny's informants at 100: their language being said to be peculiar.

PAIOCONECA.

_Present locality of the Christian Paioconecas._--The Mission of Conception.

_Original locality._--The head-waters of the Rio Blanco and Rio Verde; 16° south latitude, 63° west latitude from Paris. Hither, it is supposed, some of the more intractable Paioconecas of Concepcion have escaped.

_Conterminous_ with the Chiquitos, Saravecas, and the Chapacuras of Moxos.

_Numbers_ of the Paioconecas of Concepcion, 360.

_Particular Tribe._--Paunacas, 250 in number.

SAMUCU.

_Localities._--South and south-east portions of the province of Chiquitos, on the limits of the Gran Chaco.

_Conterminous_ with the Guanos, Guatos, Curaves, Xarayes, Otukés, Saravecas, Curuminacas, Paunacas, and Paioconecas.

_Name._--That of a particular tribe extended to the whole nation. Other Samucu tribes, still existing, are the Morotocos, the Potureros, and the Guaranocos.

_Habitat._--Forests, subject to inundations, when they retire to the hills.

The last three or four families have illustrated a common phænomenon in the ethnology of these parts; indeed, of many other parts of America as well, especially the United States.

It by no means follows that the existing locality of any section of the aboriginal population is the real natural and original one. On the contrary, wherever we find them Christianized, or semi-civilized, the chance is in favour of their having been moved from the original habitat to some so-called _Reserve_ or _Mission_, and _vice versâ_. Now the Indians of the _Reserves_ and _Missions_ are almost always modificated in character as well as frequently mixed in blood. On the other hand, although less typical in the way of ethnological characteristics they are the best known, on account of the greater opportunities of intercourse; the laborious and successful Jesuit Missionaries of Spanish America being the chief authorities.