III.

ATLANTIDÆ AND MONGOLIDÆ.

1. North American Negroes with Native Indians--_Zambos_.

2. South American Negroes with Native Indians--_Mamelucos_.

It is only when two extreme sections of two of the primary divisions meet that there is true Hybridism. With intermediate and transitional forms, such as the Arab and Indian, and others, there is merely--

SIMPLE INTERMIXTURE.

This is a point of minute ethnology. To take a few of the European populations as instances, it attempts to determine the amount of foreign elements in--

1. _The English._--These being Keltic, Roman, Danish, Anglo-Norman, &c., anterior to, or engrafted on, a Saxon foundation.

2. _The French._--Foundation, Roman; other elements, Keltic, German, &c.

3. _The Spanish._--Foundation, Roman; other elements, Iberic, Goth, Arab.

4. _The Germans._--Foundation, Gothic; other elements, Slavonic, Keltic.

5. _The Slavonians._--Non-Slavonic elements, Ugrian, Turk, Mongol, Dioscurian, &c.

6. _The Hungarians._--Non-Majiar elements; Roman, Turk, Mongol, Slavonic, German.

And so on throughout most countries of the world.

Intermediate between simple and extreme intermixture (or Hybridism), but at points where it is difficult to draw a line of demarcation, are such half-breeds as those of the Turk and Mongol, Turk and Persian, Turk and Georgian, Persian and Georgian, &c.--the difference between the parent stocks lying within a small compass.

FOOTNOTES:

[188] See p. 537.

[189] Mithridates. Vol. iii. p. 639.

[190] Philological Transactions, No. 93.

[191] Transactions of British Association for the Advancement of Science, 1847.

[192] See page 123.

## PART II.

GENERAL AND SPECIAL APOPHTHEGMS.

Although the enumeration, classification, and partial description of the varieties of the human species form the basis of the natural history of man, a short notice of the general character of the science which investigates it is a proper adjunct to them. This will consist in apophthegms, upon its nature, objects, and methods, so far as the last have been evolved.

_General Apophthegms._

The natural history of man is chiefly divided between two subjects, anthropology and ethnology.

Anthropology determines the relations of man to the other mammalia.

Ethnology, the relations of the different varieties of mankind to each other.