Part 19

=Anthermus=, a Chian sculptor, son of Micciades and grandson to Malas. He and his brother Bupalus made a statue of the poet Hipponax, which caused universal laughter on account of the deformity of its countenance. The poet was so incensed upon this, and inveighed with so much bitterness against the statuaries, that they hung themselves, according to the opinion of some authors. _Pliny_, bk. 36, ch. 5.

=Anthes=, a native of Anthedon, who first invented hymns. _Plutarch_, _de Musica_.――――A son of Neptune.

=Anthesphoria=, festivals celebrated in Sicily in honour of Proserpine, who was carried away by Pluto as she was gathering flowers. _Claudian_, _de Raptu Proserpinæ_.――――Festivals of the same name were also observed at Argos in honour of Juno, who was called Antheia. _Pausanias_, _Corinth_.――_Pollux_, _Onomasticon_, bk. 1, ch. 1.

=Anthesteria=, festivals in honour of Bacchus among the Greeks. They were celebrated in the month of February, called Anthesterion, whence the name is derived, and continued three days. The first was called Πιθοιγια, ἀπο του πιθους οἰγειν, because they _tapped_ their _barrels_ of liquor. The second day was called Χοες, from the measure χοα, because every individual drank of his own vessel, in commemoration of the arrival of Orestes, who, after the murder of his mother, came, without being purified, to Demophoon or Pandion king of Athens, and was obliged, with all the Athenians, to drink by himself for fear of polluting the people by drinking with them before he was purified of the parricide. It was usual on that day to ride out in chariots, and ridicule those that passed by. The best drinker was rewarded with a crown of leaves, or rather of gold, and with a cask of wine. The third day was called χυτροι from χυτρα, a vessel brought out full of all sorts of seeds and herbs, deemed sacred to Mercury, and therefore not touched. The slaves had the permission of being merry and free during these festivals; and at the end of the solemnity a herald proclaimed, Θυραζε, Καρες, ουκ ετ’ Ἀνθεστηρια, _i.e._ Depart, ye Carian slaves, the festivals are at an end. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 2, ch. 41.

=Anthēus=, a son of Antenor, much esteemed by Paris.――――One of the companions of Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 514.

=Anthīa=, a sister of Priam, seized by the Greeks. She compelled the people of Pallene to burn their ships, and build Scione. _Polyænus_, bk. 7, ch. 47.――――A town. _See:_ Anthea.――――A daughter of Thespius, mistress to Hercules. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.

=Anthias.= _See:_ Antheas.

=Anthippe=, a daughter of Thestius.

=Anthium=, a town of Thrace, afterwards called Apollonia. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 11.――――A city of Italy.

=Anthius= (_flowery_), a name of Bacchus worshipped at Athens. He had also a statue at Patræ.

=Antho=, a daughter of Amulius king of Alba.

=Anthōres=, a companion of Hercules, who followed Evander, and settled in Italy. He was killed in the war of Turnus against Æneas. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 778.

=Anthracia=, a nymph. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 31.

=Anthropinus=, =Tisarchus=, and =Diocles=, three persons who laid snares for Agathocles tyrant of Sicily. _Polyænus_, bk. 5, ch. 3.

=Anthropophăgi=, a people of Scythia that fed on human flesh. They lived near the country of the Massagetæ. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12; bk. 6, ch. 30.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 1.

=Anthylla=, a city of Egypt on the Canopic mouth of the Nile. It maintained the queens of the country in shoes, or, according to _Athenæus_, bk. 1, in girdles. _Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 98.

=Antia lex=, was made for the suppression of luxury at Rome. Its particulars are not known. The enactor was Antius Restio, who afterwards never supped abroad for fear of being himself a witness of the profusion and extravagance which his law meant to destroy, but without effect. _Macrobius_, bk. 3, ch. 17.

=Antianīra=, the mother of Echion.

=Antias=, the goddess of fortune, chiefly worshipped at Antium.――――A poet. _See:_ Furius.

=Anticlēa=, a daughter of Autolycus and Amphithea. Her father, who was a famous robber, permitted Sisyphus son of Æolus to enjoy the favours of his daughter, and Anticlea was really pregnant of Ulysses when she married Laertes king of Ithaca. Laertes was nevertheless the reputed father of Ulysses. Ulysses is reproached by Ajax in _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, as being the son of Sisyphus. It is said that Anticlea killed herself when she heard a false report of her son’s death. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bks. 11, 19.――_Hyginus_, fables 201, 243.――_Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 29.――――A woman who had Periphetes by Vulcan. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3.――――A daughter of Diocles, who married Machaon the son of Æsculapius, by whom she had Nicomachus and Gorgasus. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 30.

=Antĭcles=, an Athenian archon.――――A man who conspired against Alexander with Hermolaus. _Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 6.――――An Athenian victor at Olympia.

=Anticlīdes=, a Greek historian, whose works are now lost. They are often quoted by _Athenæus_ & _Plutarch_, _Alexander_.

=Anticrăgus=, a mountain of Lycia, opposite mount Cragus. _Strabo_, bk. 4.

=Anticrătes=, a Spartan who stabbed Epaminondas, the Theban general, at the battle of Mantinea. _Plutarch_, _Agesilaus_.

=Anticy̆ra=, two towns of Greece, the one in Phocis and the other near mount Oeta, both famous for the hellebore which they produced. This plant was of infinite service to cure diseases, and particularly insanity; hence the proverb _Naviget Anticyram_. The Anticyra of Phocis was anciently called Cyparissa. It had a temple of Neptune, who was represented holding a trident in one hand and resting the other on his side, with one of his feet on a dolphin. Some writers, especially Horace (_Art of Poetry_, li. 300), speak of three islands of this name, but this seems to be a mistake. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 36.――_Horace_, bk. 2, satire 3, li. 166; _Art of Poetry_, li. 300.――_Persius_, bk. 4, li. 16.――_Strabo_, bk. 9.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.――_Ovid_, _ex Ponto_, bk. 4, poem 3, li. 53.――――A mistress of Demetrius. _Plutarch_, _Demetrius_.

=Antidŏmus=, a warlike soldier of king Philip at the siege of Perinthus.

=Antidŏtus=, an excellent painter, pupil of Euphranor. _Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 11.

=Antigĕnes=, one of Alexander’s generals, publicly rewarded for his valour. _Curtius_, bk. 5, ch. 14.

=Antigenĭdas=, a famous musician of Thebes, disciple to Philoxenus. He taught his pupil Ismenias to despise the judgment of the populace. _Cicero_, _Brutus_, ch. 97.

=Antigŏna=, daughter of Berenice, was wife to king Pyrrhus. _Plutarch_, _Pyrrhus_.

=Antigŏne=, a daughter of Œdipus king of Thebes by his mother Jocasta. She buried by night her brother Polynices, against the positive orders of Creon, who, when he heard of it, ordered her to be buried alive. She, however, killed herself before the sentence was executed; and Hæmon the king’s son, who was passionately fond of her, and had not been able to obtain her pardon, killed himself on her grave. The death of Antigone is the subject of one of the tragedies of Sophocles. The Athenians were so pleased with it at the first representation, that they presented the author with the government of Samos. This tragedy was represented 32 times at Athens without interruption. _Sophocles_, _Antigone_.――_Hyginus_, fables 67, 72, 243, 254.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――_Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 3, poem 3.――_Philostratus_, bk. 2, ch. 29.――_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 12, li. 350.――――A daughter of Eurytion king of Phthia in Thessaly. _Apollodorus._――――A daughter of Laomedon. She was the sister of Priam, and was changed into a stork for comparing herself to Juno. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 6, li. 93.

=Antigŏnia=, an inland town of Epirus. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 1.――――One of Macedonia, founded by Antigonus son of Gonatas. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 10.――――One in Syria, on the borders of the Orontes. _Strabo_, bk. 16.――――Another in Bithynia, called also Nicæa. _Strabo_, bk. 12. ――――Another in Arcadia, anciently called Mantinea. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 8.――――One of Troas in Asia Minor. _Strabo_, bk. 13.

=Antigŏnus=, one of Alexander’s generals, universally supposed to be the illegitimate son of Philip, Alexander’s father. In the division of the provinces after the king’s death, he received Pamphylia, Lycia, and Phrygia. He united with Antipater and Ptolemy, to destroy Perdiccas and Eumenes; and after the death of Perdiccas he made continual war against Eumenes, whom, after three years of various fortune, he took prisoner, and ordered to be starved. He afterwards declared war against Cassander, whom he conquered, and had several engagements by his generals with Lysimachus. He obliged Seleucus to retire from Syria, and fly for refuge and safety to Egypt. Ptolemy, who had established himself in Egypt, promised to defend Seleucus, and from that time all friendship ceased between Ptolemy and Antigonus, and a new war was begun, in which Demetrius the son of Antigonus conquered the fleet of Ptolemy, near the island of Cyprus, and took 16,000 men prisoners, and sunk 200 ships. After this famous naval battle, which happened 26 years after Alexander’s death, Antigonus and his son assumed the title of kings, and their example was followed by all the rest of Alexander’s generals. The power of Antigonus was now become so formidable, that Ptolemy, Seleucus, Cassander, and Lysimachus combined together to destroy him; yet Antigonus despised them, saying that he would disperse them as birds. He attempted to enter Egypt in vain, though he gained several victories over his opponents, and he at last received so many wounds in a battle that he could not survive them, and died in the 80th year of his age, 301 B.C. During his life, he was master of all Asia Minor, as far as Syria; but after his death, his son Demetrius lost Asia, and established himself in Macedonia after the death of Cassander, and some time after attempted to recover his former possessions, but died in captivity in the court of his son-in-law Seleucus. Antigonus was concerned in the different intrigues of the Greeks. He made a treaty of alliance with the Ætolians, and was highly respected by the Athenians, to whom he showed himself very liberal and indulgent. Antigonus discharged some of his officers because they spent their time in taverns, and he gave their commissions to common soldiers who performed their duty with punctuality. A certain poet called him divine; but the king despised his flattery, and bade him go and inquire of his servants whether he was really what he supposed him. _Strabo_, bk. 13.――_Diodorus_, bk. 17, &c.――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 6, &c.――_Justin_, bks. 13, 14, & 15.――_Cornelius Nepos_, _Eumenes_.――_Plutarch_, _Demetrius_, _Eumenes_, & _Aratus_.――――Gonatas, son of Demetrius and grandson to Antigonus, was king of Macedonia. He restored the Armenians to liberty, conquered the Gauls, and at last was expelled by Pyrrhus, who seized his kingdom. After the death of Pyrrhus, he recovered Macedonia, and died after a reign of 34 years, leaving his son Demetrius to succeed, B. C. 243. _Justin_, bks. 21 & 25.――_Polybius._ ――_Plutarch_, _Demetrius_.――――The guardian of his nephew Philip, the son of Demetrius, who married the widow of Demetrius and usurped the kingdom. He was called _Doson_, from his promising much and giving nothing. He conquered Cleomenes king of Sparta, and obliged him to retire into Egypt, because he favoured the Ætolians against the Greeks. He died, B.C. 221, after a reign of 11 years, leaving his crown to the lawful possessor, Philip, who distinguished himself by his cruelties, and the war which he made against the Romans. _Justin_, bks. 28 & 29.――_Polybius_, bk. 2.――_Plutarch_, _Cleomenes_. ――――A son of Aristobulus king of Judæa, who obtained an army from the king of Parthia, by promising him 1000 talents and 500 women. With these foreign troops he attacked his country, and cut the ears of Hyrcanus to make him unfit for the priesthood. Herod, with the aid of the Romans, took him prisoner, and he was put to death by Antony. _Josephus_, bk. 14.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_ & _Plutarch_, _Antonius_.――――Carystius, an historian in the age of Philadelphus, who wrote the lives of some of the ancient philosophers. _Diogenes Laërtius._――_Athenæus._――――A writer on agriculture.――――A statuary, who wrote on his profession.

=Antilco=, a tyrant of Chalcis. After his death, oligarchy prevailed in that city. _Aristotle_, bk. 5, _Politics_.

=Antilibănus=, a mountain of Syria opposite mount Libanus; near which the Orontes flows. _Strabo._――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 20.

=Antilŏchus=, a king of Messenia.――――The eldest son of Nestor by Eurydice. He went to the Trojan war with his father, and was killed by Memnon the son of Aurora. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 4.――_Ovid_, _Heroides_, says he was killed by Hector.――――A poet who wrote a panegyric upon Lysander, and received a hat filled with silver. _Plutarch_, _Lysander_.――――An historian commended by _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_.

=Antimăchus=, a lascivious person.――――An historian.――――A Greek poet and musician of Ionia in the age of Socrates. He wrote a treatise on the age and genealogy of Homer, and proved him to be a native of Colophon. He repeated one of his compositions before a large audience, but his diction was so obscure and unintelligible that all retired except Plato; on which he said, _Legam nihilominus, Plato enim mihi est unus instar omnium_. He was reckoned the next to Homer in excellence, and the emperor Adrian was so fond of his poetry that he preferred him to Homer. He wrote a poem upon the Theban war; and before he had brought his heroes to the city of Thebes, he had filled 24 volumes. He was surnamed _Clarius_ from Claros, a mountain near Colophon, where he was born. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 35.―― _Plutarch_, _Lysander_ & _Timoleon_.――_Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 34, li. 45.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――――Another poet of the same name, surnamed _Psecas_, because he praised himself. _Suidas._――――A Trojan whom Paris bribed to oppose the restoring of Helen to Menelaus and Ulysses, who had come as ambassadors to recover her. His sons, Hippolochus and Pisander, were killed by Agamemnon. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 11, li. 123; bk. 23, li. 188.――――A son of Hercules by a daughter of Thestius. _Apollodorus_, bks. 2 & 3.――――A native of Heliopolis, who wrote a poem on the creation of the world, in 3780 verses.

=Antimĕnes=, a son of Deiphon. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 28.

=Antinoe=, one of the daughters of Pelias, whose wishes to restore her father to youthful vigour proved so fatal. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1.―― _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 11.

=Antinoeia=, annual sacrifices and quinquennial games in honour of Antinous, instituted by the emperor Adrian at Mantinea, where Antinous was worshipped as a divinity.

=Antinopŏlis=, a town of Egypt, built in honour of Antinous.

=Antinous=, a youth of Bithynia, of whom the emperor Adrian was so extremely fond, that at his death he erected a temple to him, and wished it to be believed that he had been changed into a constellation. Some writers suppose that Antinous was drowned in the Nile, while others maintain that he offered himself at a sacrifice as a victim, in honour of the emperor.――――A native of Ithaca, son of Eupeithes, and one of Penelope’s suitors. He was brutal and cruel in his manners; and excited his companions to destroy Telemachus, whose advice comforted his mother Penelope. When Ulysses returned home he came to the palace in a beggar’s dress, and begged for bread, which Antinous refused, and even struck him. After Ulysses had discovered himself to Telemachus and Eumæus, he attacked the suitors, who were ignorant who he was, and killed Antinous among the first. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bks. 1, 16, 17, & 22.――_Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 5, li. 7.

=Antiŏchia=, the name of a Syrian province. _Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 14. ――――A city of Syria, once the third city of the world for beauty, greatness, and population. It was built by Antiochus and Seleucus Nicanor, partly on a hill and partly in a plain. It has the river Orontes in its neighbourhood, with a celebrated grove called Daphne; whence, for the sake of distinction, it has been called Antiochia near Daphne. _Dionysius Periegeta._――――A city called also Nisibis, in Mesopotamia, built by Seleucus son of Antiochus.――――The capital of Pisidia, 92 miles at the east of Ephesus.――――A city on mount Cragus.――――Another near the river Tigris, 25 leagues from Seleucia on the west.――――Another in Margiana, called Alexandria and Seleucia. ――――Another near mount Taurus, on the confines of Syria.――――Another of Caria, on the river Meander.

=Antiŏchis=, the name of the mother of Antiochus the son of Seleucus. ――――A tribe of Athens.