Part 9

=Æschy̆lus=, an excellent soldier and poet of Athens, son of Euphorion, and brother to Cynægirus. He was in the Athenian army at the battles of Marathon, Salamis, and Platæa. But the most solid fame he has obtained, is the offspring less of his valour in the field of battle than of his writings. Of 90 tragedies, however, the fruit of his ingenious labours, 40 of which were rewarded with the public prize, only seven have come safe to us: _Prometheus vinctus_, _Septem duces apud Thebas_, _Persæ_, _Agamemnon_, _Chœphori_, _Eumenides_, _Supplices_. Æschylus is the first who introduced two actors on the stage, and clothed them with dresses suitable to their character. He likewise removed murder from the stage. It is said that, when he composed, his countenance betrayed the greatest ferocity; and according to one of his scholiasts, when his Eumenides were represented, many children died through fear, and several pregnant women actually miscarried in the house, at the sight of the horrible masks that were introduced. The imagination of the poet was strong and comprehensive, but disorderly and wild: fruitful in prodigies, but disdaining probabilities. His style is obscure, and the labours of an excellent modern critic have pronounced him the most difficult of all the Greek classics. A few expressions of impious tendency in one of his plays, nearly proved fatal to Æschylus; he was condemned to death, but his brother Amynias, it is reported, reversed his sentence, by uncovering an arm, of which the hand had been cut off at the battle of Salamis in the service of his country, and the poet was pardoned. Æschylus has been accused of drinking to excess, and of never composing except when in a state of intoxication. In his old age he retired to the court of Hiero in Sicily. Being informed that he was to die by the fall of a house, he became dissatisfied with the fickleness of his countrymen, and withdrew from the city into the fields, where he sat down. An eagle, with a tortoise in her bill, flew over his bald head, and supposing it to be a stone, dropped her prey upon it to break the shell, and Æschylus instantly died of the blow, in the 69th year of his age, 456 B. C. It is said that he wrote an account of the battle of Marathon, in elegiac verses. The best editions of his works are that of Stanley, folio, London, 1663, that of Glasgow, 2 vols. in 12mo, 1746, and that of Schutz, 2 vols., 8vo, Halæ, 1782.――_Horace_, _Art of Poetry_, li. 278.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Pliny_, bk. 10, ch. 3.―― _Valerius Maximus_, bk. 9, ch. 12.――――The 12th perpetual archon of Athens.――――A Corinthian, brother-in-law to Timophanes, intimate with Timoleon. _Plutarch_, _Timoleon_.――――A Rhodian set over Egypt with Peucestes of Macedonia. _Curtius_, bk. 4, ch. 8.――――A native of Cnidus, teacher of rhetoric to Cicero. _Cicero_, _Brutus_.

=Æsculāpius=, son of Apollo by Coronis, or as some say, by Larissa daughter of Phlegias, was god of medicine. After his union with Coronis, Apollo set a crow to watch her, and was soon informed that she admitted the caresses of Ischys of Æmonia. The god, in a fit of anger, destroyed Coronis with lightning, but saved the infant from her womb, and gave him to be educated to Chiron, who taught him the art of medicine. Some authors say, that Coronis left her father to avoid the discovery of her pregnancy, and that she exposed her child near Epidaurus. A goat of the flocks of Aresthanas gave him her milk, and the dog which kept the flock stood by him to shelter him from injury. He was found by the master of the flock, who went in search of his stray goat, and saw his head surrounded with resplendent rays of light. Æsculapius was physician to the Argonauts, and considered so skilled in the medicinal power of plants, that he was called the inventor as well as the god of medicine. He restored many to life, of which Pluto complained to Jupiter, who struck Æsculapius with thunder, but Apollo, angry at the death of his son, killed the Cyclops who made the thunderbolts. Æsculapius received divine honours after death, chiefly at Epidaurus, Pergamus, Athens, Smyrna, &c. Goats, bulls, lambs, and pigs were sacrificed on his altars, and the cock and the serpent were sacred to him. Rome, A.U.C. 462, was delivered of a plague, and built a temple to the god of medicine, who, as was supposed, had come there in the form of a serpent, and hid himself among the reeds in an island of the Tyber. Æsculapius was represented with a large beard, holding in his hand a staff, round which was wreathed a serpent: his other hand was supported on the head of a serpent. Serpents are more particularly sacred to him, not only as the ancient physicians used them in their prescriptions; but because they were the symbols of prudence and foresight, so necessary in the medical profession. He married Epione, by whom he had two sons, famous for their skill in medicine, Machaon and Podalirus; and four daughters, of whom Hygiea, goddess of health, is the most celebrated. Some have supposed that he lived a short time after the Trojan war. Hesiod makes no mention of him. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 4, li. 193; _Hymn to Æsculapius_.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 10.――_Apollonius_, bk. 4, _Argonautica_.――_Hyginus_, fable 49. ――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, fable 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, chs. 11 & 27; bk. 7, ch. 23, &c.――_Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Pindar_, _Pythian_, poem 3.――_Lucian_, _Dialogi de Saltatione_.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 1, ch. 8.――_Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3, ch. 22, says there were three of this name; the first, a son of Apollo, worshipped in Arcadia; second, a brother of Mercury; third, a man who first taught medicine.

=Æsēpus=, a son of Bucolion. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 6, li. 21.――――A river. _See:_ Æsapus.

=Æsernia=, a city of the Samnites, in Italy. _Livy_, bk. 27, ch. 12.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 8, li. 567.

=Æsīon=, an Athenian, known for his respect for the talents of Demosthenes. _Plutarch_, _Demosthenes_.

=Æsis=, a river of Italy, which separates Umbria from Picenum.

=Æson=, son of Cretheus, was born at the same birth as Pelias. He succeeded his father in the kingdom of Iolchos, but was soon exiled by his brother. He married Alcimeda, by whom he had Jason, whose education he entrusted to Chiron, being afraid of Pelias. When Jason was grown up, he demanded his father’s kingdom from his uncle, who gave him evasive answers, and persuaded him to go in quest of the golden fleece. _See:_ Jason. At his return, Jason found his father very infirm; and Medea [_See:_ Medea], at his request, drew the blood from Æson’s veins, and refilled them with the juice of certain herbs which she had gathered, and immediately the old man recovered the vigour and bloom of youth. Some say that Æson killed himself by drinking bull’s blood, to avoid the persecution of Pelias. _Diodorus_, bk. 4.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 7, li. 285.――_Hyginus_, fable 12.――――A river of Thessaly, with a town of the same name.

=Æsŏnĭdes=, a patronymic of Jason, as being descended from Æson.

=Æsōpus=, a Phrygian philosopher, who, though originally a slave, procured his liberty by the sallies of his genius. He travelled over the greatest part of Greece and Egypt, but chiefly resided at the court of Crœsus king of Lydia, by whom he was sent to consult the oracle of Delphi. In this commission Æsop behaved with great severity, and satirically compared the Delphians to floating sticks, which appear large at a distance, but are nothing when brought near. The Delphians, offended with his sarcastic remarks, accused him of having secreted one of the sacred vessels of Apollo’s temple, and threw him down from a rock, 561 B.C. Maximus Planudes has written his life in Greek; but no credit is to be given to the biographer, who falsely asserts that the mythologist was short and deformed. Æsop dedicated his fables to his patron Crœsus; but what appears now under his name, is no doubt a compilation of all the fables and apologues of wits before and after the age of Æsop, conjointly with his own. _Plutarch_, _Solon_.――_Phædras_, bk. 1, fable 2; bk. 2, fable 9.――――Claudus, an actor on the Roman stage, very intimate with Cicero. He amassed an immense fortune. His son, to be more expensive, melted precious stones to drink at his entertainments. _Horace_, bk. 2, satire 3, li. 239.――_Valerius Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 10; bk. 9, ch. 1.――_Pliny_, bk. 9, ch. 35; bk. 10, ch. 51.――――An orator. _Diogenes Laërtius._――――An historian in the time of Anaximenes. _Plutarch_, _Solon_.――――A river of Pontus. _Strabo_, bk. 12.――――An attendant of Mithridates, who wrote a treatise on Helen, and a panegyric on his royal master.

=Æstria=, an island in the Adriatic. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 7.

=Æsŭla=, a town on a mountain between Tibur and Præneste. _Horace_, bk. 3, ode 29.

=Æsyetes=, a man from whose tomb Polites spied what the Greeks did in their ships during the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2, li. 793.

=Æsymnētes=, a surname of Bacchus. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 21.

=Æsymnus=, a person of Megara, who consulted Apollo to know the best method of governing his country. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 43.

=Æthalia=, or =Ætheria=, now _Elba_, an island between Etruria and Corsica. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 6; bk. 6, ch. 30.

=Æthalĭdes=, a herald, son of Mercury, to whom it was granted to be amongst the dead and the living at stated times. _Apollonius_, _Argonautica_, bk. 1, li. 641.

=Æthion=, a man slain at the nuptials of Andromeda. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 146.

=Æthiŏpia=, an extensive country of Africa, at the south of Egypt, divided into east and west by the ancients, the former division lying near Meroe, and the latter near the Mauri. The country, properly now called Abyssinia, as well as the inhabitants, were little known to the ancients, though Homer has styled them the justest of men and the favourites of the gods. _Diodorus_, bk. 4, says, that the Æthiopians were the first inhabitants of the earth. They were the first who worshipped the gods, for which, as some suppose, their country has never been invaded by a foreign enemy. The inhabitants are of a dark complexion. The country is inundated for five months every year, and their days and nights are almost of an equal length. The ancients have given the name of Æthiopia to every country whose inhabitants are of a black colour. _Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 253; bk. 9, li. 651.――_Juvenal_, satire 2, li. 23. ――_Virgil_, [_Eclogues_], poem 6, li. 68.――_Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 29. ――_Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 33.――_Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 1, li. 22; _Iliad_, bk. 1, li. 423.

=Æthlius=, son of Jupiter by Protogenia, was father of Endymion. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 7.

=Æthon=, a horse of the sun. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 2, fable 1. ――――A horse of Pallas, represented as shedding tears at the death of his master, by _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 89.――――A horse of Hector. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 8, li. 185.

=Æthra=, daughter of Pittheus king of Trœzene, had Theseus by Ægeus. _See:_ Ægeus. She was carried away by Castor and Pollux, when they recovered their sister Helen, whom Theseus had stolen, and intrusted to her care. _See:_ Helena. She went to Troy with Helen. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 3, li. 144.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 31; bk. 5, ch. 19.――_Hyginus_, fables 37 & 79.――_Plutarch_, _Theseus_.――_Ovid_, _Heroides_, poem 10, li. 131.――――One of the Oceanides, wife to Atlas. She is more generally called Pleione.

=Æthūsa=, a daughter of Neptune by Amphitrite, or Alcyone, mother by Apollo of Eleuthere and two sons. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 20.――――An island near Lilybæum. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 8.

=Ætia=, a poem of Callimachus, in which he speaks of sacrifices, and of the manner in which they were offered. _Martial_, bk. 10, ltr. 4.

=Ætion=, or =Eetion=, the father of Andromache, Hector’s wife. He was killed at Thebes, with his seven sons, by the Greeks.――――A famous painter. He drew a painting of Alexander going to celebrate his nuptials with Roxane. This piece was much valued, and was exposed to public view at the Olympic games, where it gained so much applause that the president of the games gave the painter his daughter in marriage. _Cicero_, _Brutus_, ch. 18.

=Ætna=, a mountain of Sicily, now called Gibello, famous for its volcano, which, for about 3000 years, has thrown out fire at intervals. It is two miles in perpendicular height, and measures 180 miles round at the base, with an ascent of 30 miles. Its crater forms a circle about 3½ miles in circumference, and its top is covered with snow and smoke at the same time, whilst the sides of the mountain, from the great fertility of the soil, exhibit a rich scenery of cultivated fields and blooming vineyards. Pindar is the first who mentions an eruption of Ætna; and the silence of Homer on the subject is considered as a proof that the fires of the mountain were unknown in his age. From the time of Pythagoras, the supposed date of the first volcanic appearance, to the battle of Pharsalia, it is computed that Ætna had 100 eruptions. The poets supposed that Jupiter had confined the giants under this mountain, and it was represented as the forge of Vulcan, where his servants the Cyclops fabricated thunderbolts, &c. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 860.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 570.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, fable 6; bk. 15, li. 340.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 14, li. 59.

=Ætōlia=, a country bounded by Epirus, Acarnania, and Locris, supposed to be about the middle of Greece. It received its name from Ætolus. The inhabitants were covetous and illiberal, and were little known in Greece, till after the ruin of Athens and Sparta they assumed consequence in the country, and afterwards made themselves formidable as the allies of Rome, and as its enemies, till they were conquered by Fulvius. _Livy_, bk. 26, ch. 24, &c.――_Florus_, bk. 2, ch. 9.――_Strabo_, bks. 8 & 10.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 2.――_Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 18.――_Plutarch_, _Titus Flamininus_.

=Ætōlus=, son of Endymion of Elis and Iphianassa, married Pronoe, by whom he had Pleuron and Calydon. Having accidentally killed Apis son of Phoroneus, he left his country, and came to settle in that part of Greece which has been called from him Ætolia. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, chs. 7 & 9.――_Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 1.

=Æx=, a rocky island between Tenedos and Chios. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 11.――――A city in the country of the Marsi.――――The nurse of Jupiter changed into a constellation.

=Afer=, an inhabitant of Africa.――――An informer under Tiberius and his successors. He became also known as an orator, and as the preceptor of Quintilian, and was made consul by Domitian. He died A. D. 59.

=Afrānia=, a Roman matron, who frequented the forum, forgetful of female decency. _Valerius Maximus_, bk. 8, ch. 3.

=Lucius Afrānius=, a Latin comic poet in the age of Terence, often compared to Menander, whose style he imitated. He is blamed for the unnatural gratifications which he mentions in his writings, some fragments of which are to be found in the _Corpus Poetarum_. _Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Suetonius_, _Nero_, ch. 11.――_Horace_, bk. 2, ltr. 1, li. 57.――_Cicero_, _de Finibus_, bk. 1, ch. 3.―― _Aulus Gellius_, bk. 13, ch. 8.――――A general of Pompey, conquered by Cæsar in Spain. _Suetonius_, _Julius Cæsar_, ch. 34.――_Plutarch_, _Pompey_.――――Quintianus, a man who wrote a severe satire against Nero, for which he was put to death in the Pisonian conspiracy. _Tacitus._――――Potitus, a plebeian, who said before Caligula, that he would willingly die if the emperor could recover from the distemper he laboured under. Caligula recovered, and Afranius was put to death that he might not forfeit his word. _Dio Cassius._

=Afrĭca=, called _Libya_ by the Greeks, one of the three parts of the ancient world, and the greatest peninsula of the universe, is bounded on the east by Arabia and the Red sea, on the north by the Mediterranean, south and west by the ocean. In its greatest length it extends 4300 miles, and in its greatest breadth it is 3500 miles. It is joined on the east to Asia, by an isthmus 60 miles long, which some of the Ptolemies endeavoured to cut, in vain, to join the Red and Mediterranean seas. It is so immediately situate under the sun, that only the maritime parts are inhabited, and the inland country is mostly barren and sandy, and infested with wild beasts. The ancients, through ignorance, peopled the southern parts of Africa with monsters, enchanters, and chimeras; errors which begin to be corrected by modern travellers. _See:_ Libya. _Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 4, &c.――_Diodorus_, bks. 3, 4, & 20.――_Herodotus_, bk. 2, chs. 17, 26, & 32; bk. 4, ch. 41, &c.――_Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 1, &c.――――There is a part of Africa called _Propria_, which lies about the middle, on the Mediterranean, and has Carthage for its capital.

=Africānus=, a blind poet, commended by Ennius.――――A christian writer, who flourished A.D. 222. In his chronicle, which was universally esteemed, he reckoned 5500 years from the creation of the world to the age of Julius Cæsar. Nothing remains of this work but what Eusebius has preserved. In a letter to Origen, Africanus proved that the history of Susanna is supposititious; and in another to Aristides, still extant, he endeavours to reconcile the seeming contradictions that appear in the genealogies of Christ in St. Matthew and Luke. He is supposed to be the same who wrote nine books, in which he treats of physic, agriculture, &c.――――A lawyer, disciple to Papinian, and intimate with the emperor Alexander.――――An orator mentioned by Quintilian.――――The surname of the Scipios, from the conquest of Africa. _See:_ Scipio.

=Afrĭcum mare=, is that part of the Mediterranean which is on the coast of Africa.

=Agăgriāne portæ=, gates at Syracuse, near which the dead were buried. _Cicero_, _Tusculanæ Disputationes_.

=Agalasses=, a nation of India, conquered by Alexander. _Diodorus_, bk. 17.

=Agalla=, a woman of Corcyra, who wrote a treatise upon grammar. _Athenæus_, bk. 1.

=Agamēdes= and =Trophonius=, two architects who made the entrance of the temple of Delphi, for which they demanded of the god whatever gift was most advantageous for a man to receive. Eight days after they were found dead in their bed. _Plutarch_, _Consolatio ad Apollonium_.――_Cicero_, _Tusculanæ Disputationes_, bk. 1, ch. 47. ――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, chs. 11 & 37, gives a different account.

=Agamemnon=, king of Mycenæ and Argos, was brother to Menelaus, and son of Plisthenes the son of Atreus. Homer calls them sons of Atreus, which is false, upon the authority of Hesiod, Apollodorus, &c. _See:_ Plisthenes. When Atreus was dead, his brother Thyestes seized the kingdom of Argos, and removed Agamemnon and Menelaus, who fled to Polyphidus king of Sicyon, and hence to Œneus king of Ætolia, where they were educated. Agamemnon married Clytemnestra, and Menelaus Helen, both daughters of Tyndarus king of Sparta, who assisted them to recover their father’s kingdom. After the banishment of the usurper to Cythera, Agamemnon established himself at Mycenæ, whilst Menelaus succeeded his father-in-law at Sparta. When Helen was stolen by Paris, Agamemnon was elected commander-in-chief of the Grecian forces going against Troy; and he showed his zeal in the cause by furnishing 100 ships, and lending 60 more to the people of Arcadia. The fleet was detained at Aulis, where Agamemnon sacrificed his daughter to appease Diana. _See:_ Iphigenia. During the Trojan war, Agamemnon behaved with much valour; but his quarrel with Achilles, whose mistress he took by force, was fatal to the Greeks. _See:_ Briseis. After the ruin of Troy, Cassandra fell to his share, and foretold him that his wife would put him to death. He gave no credit to this, and returned to Argos with Cassandra. Clytemnestra, with her adulterer Ægisthus [_See:_ Ægisthus], prepared to murder him; and as he came from the bath, to embarrass him, she gave him a tunic, whose sleeves were sewed together, and while he attempted to put it on, she brought him to the ground with a stroke of a hatchet, and Ægisthus seconded her blows. His death was revenged by his son Orestes. _See:_ Clytemnestra, Menelaus, and Orestes. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bks. 1, 2, &c.; _Odyssey_, bk. 4, &c.――_Ovid_, _Remedia Amoris_, li. 777; _Metamorphoses_, bk. 12, li. 30.――_Hyginus_, fables 88 & 97.――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Thucydides_, bk. 1, ch. 9.―― _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 4, ch. 26.――_Dictys Cretensis_, bks. 1, 2, &c.――_Dares Phrygius._――_Sophocles_, _Electra_.――_Euripides_, _Orestes_.――_Seneca_, _Agamemnon_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 6; bk. 9, ch. 40, &c.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 6, li. 838.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.

=Agamemnonius=, an epithet applied to Orestes, as son of Agamemnon. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 4, li. 471.

=Agamētor=, an athlete of Mantinea. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 10.

=Agamnestor=, a king of Athens.

=Aganippe=, a celebrated fountain of Bœotia, at the foot of mount Helicon. It flows into the Permessus, and is sacred to the muses, who, from it, were called Aganippedes. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 29. ――_Propertius_, bk. 2, poem 3.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 312.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 7.

=Agapēnor=, the commander of Agamemnon’s fleet. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2.――――The son of Ancæus, and grandson of Lycurgus, who, after the ruin of Troy, was carried by a storm into Cyprus, where he built Paphos. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 5.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2.

=Agar=, a town of Africa. _Hirtius_, _African War_, ch. 76.

=Agarēni=, a people of Arabia. Trajan destroyed their city, called Agarum. _Strabo_, bk. 16.

=Agarista=, daughter of Clisthenes, was courted by all the princes of Greece. She married Megacles. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 12, ch. 24.――_Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 126, &c.――――A daughter of Hippocrates, who married Xantippus. She dreamed that she had brought forth a lion, and some time after became mother of Pericles. _Plutarch_, _Pericles_.――_Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 131.

=Agasĭcles=, king of Sparta, was son of Archidamus, and one of the Proclidæ. He used to say that a king ought to govern his subjects as a father governs his children. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 7.――_Plutarch_, _Apophthegmata Laconica_.

=Agassæ=, a city of Thessaly. _Livy_, bk. 45, ch. 27.

=Agasthĕnes=, father to Polyxenus, was, as one of Helen’s suitors, concerned in the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 11.――――A son of Augeas, who succeeded as king of Elis. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 3.

=Agrastrŏphus=, a Trojan, wounded by Diomedes. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 11, li. 338.

=Agasthus=, an archon of Athens.

=Agăsus=, a harbour on the coast of Apulia. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 11.

=Agătha=, a town of France near _Agde_, in Languedoc. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 5.

=Agatharchĭdas=, a general of Corinth in the Peloponnesian war. _Thucydides_, bk. 2, ch. 83.――――A Samian philosopher and historian, who wrote a treatise on stones, and a history of Persia and Phœnice, besides an account of the Red sea, of Europe and Asia. Some make him a native of Cnidus, and add that he flourished about 177 B.C. _Josephus_, _Against Apion_.

=Agatharchus=, an officer in the Syracusan fleet. _Thucydides_, bk. 7, ch. 27.――――A painter in the age of Zeuxis. _Plutarch_, _Pericles_.

=Agathias=, a Greek historian of Æolia.――――A poet and historian in the age of Justinian, of whose reign he published the history in five books. Several of his epigrams are found in the _Anthologia_. His history is a sequel of that of Procopius. The best edition is that of Paris, folio, 1660.

=Agătho=, a Samian historian, who wrote an account of Scythia.――――A tragic poet, who flourished 406 B.C. The name of some of his tragedies are preserved, such as Telephus, Thyestes, &c.――――A comic poet who lived in the same age. _Plutarch_, _Parallela minora_.――――A son of Priam. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 24.――――A governor of Babylon. _Curtius_, bk. 5, ch. 1.――――A Pythagorean philosopher. _Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 13, ch. 4.――――A learned and melodious musician, who first introduced songs in tragedy. _Aristotle_, _Poetics_.――――A youth of Athens, loved by Plato. _Diogenes Laërtius_, bk. 3, ch. 32.