Part 4

=Abia=, formerly _Ire_, a maritime town of Messenia, one of the seven cities promised to Achilles by Agamemnon. It is called after Abia, daughter of Hercules and nurse of Hyllus. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 30. ――_Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 9, li. 292.

=Abii=, a nation between Scythia and Thrace. They lived upon milk, were fond of celibacy, and enemies to war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 13, li. 6.――According to _Curtius_, bk. 7, ch. 6, they surrendered to Alexander, after they had been independent since the reign of Cyrus.

=Abĭla=, or =Abyla=, a mountain of Africa, in that part which is nearest to the opposite mountain called Calpe, on the coast of Spain, only eighteen miles distant. These two mountains are called the columns of Hercules, and were said formerly to be united, till the hero separated them, and made a communication between the Mediterranean and Atlantic seas. _Strabo_, bk. 3.――_Mela_, bk. 1, ch. 5; bk. 2, ch. 6.――_Pliny_, bk. 3.

=Abisăres=, an Indian prince, who offered to surrender to Alexander. _Curtius_, bk. 8, ch. 12.

=Abisăris=, a country beyond the Hydaspes in India. _Arrian._

=Abisontes=, some inhabitants of the Alps. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 20.

=Ablētes=, a people near Troy. _Strabo._

=Abnoba=, a mountain of Germany. _Tacitus_, _Germania_, ch. 1.

=Abobrĭca=, a town of Lusitania. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 20.――――Another in Spain.

=Abœcrĭtus=, a Bœotian general, killed with a thousand men, in a battle at Chæronea, against the Ætolians. _Plutarch_, _Aratus_.

=Abolāni=, a people of Latium, near Alba. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 5.

=Abōlus=, a river of Sicily. _Plutarch_, _Timoleon_.

=Aboniteichos=, a town of Galatia. _Arrian_, _Periplus of the Euxine Sea_.

=Aborāca=, a town of Sarmatia.

=Aborigĭnes=, the original inhabitants of Italy; or, according to others, a nation conducted by Saturn into Latium, where they taught the use of letters to Evander the king of the country. Their posterity was called Latini, from Latinus, one of their kings. They assisted Æneas against Turnus. Rome was built in their country.――The word signifies _without origin_, or whose _origin is not known_, and is generally applied to the original inhabitants of any country. _Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 1, &c.――_Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1, ch. 10.――_Justin_, bk. 43, ch. 1.――_Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 5.――_Strabo_, bk. 5.

=Aborras=, a river of Mesopotamia. _Strabo_, bk. 16.

=Abradātes=, a king of Susa, who, when his wife Panthea had been taken prisoner by Cyrus, and humanely treated, surrendered himself and his troops to the conqueror. He was killed in the first battle he undertook in the cause of Cyrus, and his wife stabbed herself on his corpse. Cyrus raised a monument on their tomb. _Xenophon_, _Cyropædia_, bks. 5, 6, &c.

=Abrentius=, was made governor of Tarentum by Annibal. He betrayed his trust to the enemy to gain the favours of a beautiful woman, whose brother was in the Roman army. _Polyænus_, bk. 8.

=Abrocŏmas=, son of Darius, was in the army of Xerxes, when he invaded Greece. He was killed at Thermopylæ. _Herodotus_, bk. 7, ch. 224.――_Plutarch_, _Cleomenes_.

=Abrodiætus=, a name given to Parrhasius the painter, on account of the sumptuous manner of his living. _See:_ Parrhasius.

=Abron=, an Athenian, who wrote some treatises on the religious festivals and sacrifices of the Greeks. Only the titles of his works are preserved. _Suidas._――――A grammarian of Rhodes, who taught rhetoric at Rome.――――Another who wrote a treatise on Theocritus.――――A Spartan, son of Lycurgus the orator. _Plutarch_, _Decem Oratorum_. ――――A native of Argos, famous for his debauchery.

=Abronius Silo=, a Latin poet in the Augustan age. He wrote some fables. _Seneca._

=Abronycus=, an Athenian, very serviceable to Themistocles in his embassy to Sparta. _Thucydides_, bk. 1, ch. 91.――_Herodotus_, bk. 8, ch. 21.

=Abrŏta=, the wife of Nisus, the youngest of the sons of Ægeus. As a monument to her chastity, Nisus, after her death, ordered the garments which she wore to become the models of fashion in Megara. _Plutarch_, _Quæstiones Græcæ_.

=Abrotŏnum=, the mother of Themistocles. _Plutarch_, _Themistocles_. ――――A town of Africa, near the Syrtes. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 4.――――A harlot of Thrace. _Plutarch_, _Aratus_.

=Abrus=, a city of the Sapæi. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 10.

=Abrypŏlis=, an ally of Rome, driven from his possessions by Perseus, the last king of Macedonia. _Livy_, bk. 42, chs. 13 & 41.

=Abseus=, a giant, son of Tartarus and Terra. _Hyginus_, preface to fables.

=Absinthii=, a people on the coasts of Pontus, where there is also a mountain of the same name. _Herodotus_, bk. 6, ch. 34.

=Absŏrus=, =Absyrtis=, =Absyrtides=, islands in the Adriatic, or near Istria, where Absyrtus was killed, whence their name. _Strabo_, bk. 7.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 190.

=Absyrtos=, a river falling into the Adriatic sea, near which Absyrtus was murdered. _Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 190.

=Absyrtus=, a son of Æetes king of Colchis, and Hypsea. His sister Medea, as she fled away with Jason, tore his body to pieces, and strewed his limbs in her father’s way, to stop his pursuit. Some say that she murdered him in Colchis, others, near Istria. It is said by others, that he was not murdered, but that he arrived safe in Illyricum. The place where he was killed has been called Tomos, and the river adjoining to it Absyrtos. _Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 190.―― _Strabo_, bk. 7.――_Hyginus_, fable 23.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――_Flaccus_, bk. 8, li. 261.――_Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 3, poem 9.――_Cicero_, _de Natura Deorum_, bk. 3, ch. 19.――_Pliny_, bk. 3, chs. 21 & 26.

=Abulītes=, governor of Susa, betrayed his trust to Alexander, and was rewarded with a province. _Curtius_, bk. 5, ch. 2.――_Diodorus_, bk. 17.

=Abydēnus=, a disciple of Aristotle, too much indulged by his master. He wrote some historical treatises on Cyprus, Delos, Arabia, and Assyria. _Philo Judæus._――_Josephus_, _Against Apion_.

=Abȳdos=, a town of Egypt, where was the famous temple of Osiris. _Plutarch_, on _De Iside et Osiride_.――――A city of Asia, opposite Sestos in Europe, with which, from the narrowness of the Hellespont, it seemed, to those who approach it by sea, to form only one town. It was built by the Milesians, by permission of king Gyges. It is famous for the amours of Hero and Leander, and for the bridge of boats which Xerxes built there across the Hellespont. The inhabitants, being besieged by Philip the father of Perseus, devoted themselves to death with their families, rather than fall into the hands of the enemy. _Livy_, bk. 31, ch. 18.――_Lucan_, bk. 2, li. 674. ――_Justin_, bk. 2, ch. 13.――_Musæus_, _Hero & Leander_.――_Flaccus_, bk. 1, li. 285.

=Abȳla.= _See:_ Abila.

=Abȳlon=, a city of Egypt.

=Abyssinia=, a large kingdom of Africa, in Upper Æthiopia, where the Nile takes its rise. The inhabitants are said to be of Arabian origin, and were little known to the ancients.

=Acacallis=, a nymph, mother of Philander and Phylacis by Apollo. These children were exposed to the wild beasts in Crete; but a goat gave them her milk, and preserved their life. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 16.――――A daughter of Minos, mother of Cydon by Mercury, and of Amphithemis by Apollo. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 53.――_Apollonius_, bk. 4, li. 1493.

=Acacēsium=, a town of Arcadia, built by Acacus son of Lycaon. Mercury, surnamed Acacesius, because brought up by Acacus as his foster-father, was worshipped there. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, chs. 3, 36, &c.

=Acacius=, a rhetorician in the age of the emperor Julian.

=Acadēmia=, a place near Athens surrounded with high trees, and adorned with spacious covered walks, belonging to Academus, from whom the name is derived. Some derive the word from ἑκας δημος, _removed from the people_. Here Plato opened his school of philosophy, and from this, every place sacred to learning has ever since been called _Academia_. To exclude from it profaneness and dissipation, it was even forbidden to laugh there. It was called _Academia vetus_, to distinguish it from the _second Academy_, founded by Arcesilaus, who made some few alterations in the Platonic philosophy, and from the _third_ which was established by Carneades. _Cicero_, _de Divinatione_, bk. 1, ch. 3.――_Diogenes Laërtius_, bk. 3.――_Ælian_, _Varia Historia_, bk. 3, ch. 35.

=Acadēmus=, an Athenian, who discovered to Castor and Pollux where Theseus had concealed their sister Helen, for which they amply rewarded him. _Plutarch_, _Theseus_.

=Acalandrus=, or =Acalyndrus=, a river falling into the bay of Tarentum. _Pliny_, bk. 3, ch. 11.

=Acalle=, a daughter of Minos and Pasiphae. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 1.

=Acamarchis=, one of the Oceanides.

=Acămas=, son of Theseus and Phædra, went with Diomedes to demand Helen from the Trojans after her elopement from Menelaus. In his embassy he had a son called Munitus, by Laodice the daughter of Priam. He was concerned in the Trojan war, and afterwards built the town of Acamantium in Phrygia, and on his return to Greece called a tribe after his own name at Athens. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 26.――_Quintus Smyrnæus_, bk. 12.――_Hyginus_, fable 108.――――A son of Antenor in the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 11, li. 60, &c.――――A Thracian auxiliary of Priam in the Trojan war. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 11.

=Acampsis=, a river of Colchis. _Arrian._

=Acantha=, a nymph loved by Apollo, and changed into the flower Acanthus.

=Acanthus=, a town near mount Athos, belonging to Macedonia, or, according to others, to Thrace. It was founded by a colony from Andros. _Thucydides_, bk. 4, ch. 84.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 2.―――― Another in Egypt near the Nile, called also Dulopolis. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 28.――――An island mentioned by _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 32.

=Acăra=, a town of Pannonia.――――Another in Italy.

=Acaria=, a fountain of Corinth, where Iolas cut off the head of Eurystheus. _Strabo_, bk. 8.

=Acarnania=, anciently Curetis, a country of Epirus, at the north of the Ionian sea, divided from Ætolia by the Achelous. The inhabitants reckoned only six months in the year; they were luxurious, and addicted to pleasure, so that _porcus Acarnas_ became proverbial. Their horses were famous. It received its name from Acarnas. _Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 90.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.――_Strabo_, bks. 7 & 9.――_Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 24.――_Lucian_, _Dialogi Meretricii_.

=Acarnas= and =Amphoterus=, sons of Alcmæon and Callirhöe. Alcmæon being murdered by the brothers of Alphesibœa his former wife, Callirhöe obtained from Jupiter, that her children, who were still in the cradle, might, by a supernatural power, suddenly grow up to punish their father’s murderers. This was granted. _See:_ Alcmæon. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 24.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 9, fable 10.

=Acarnas= and =Acarnan=, a stony mountain of Attica. _Seneca_, _Hippolytus_, li. 20.

=Acasta=, one of the Oceanides. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 356.

=Acastus=, son of Pelias king of Thessaly by Anaxibia, married Astydamia or Hippolyte, who fell in love with Peleus son of Æacus, when in banishment at her husband’s court. Peleus, rejecting the addresses of Hippolyte, was accused before Acastus of attempts upon her virtue, and soon after, at a chase, exposed to wild beasts. Vulcan, by order of Jupiter, delivered Peleus, who returned to Thessaly, and put to death Acastus and his wife. _See:_ Peleus and Astydamia. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, li. 306; _Heroides_, poem 13, li. 25.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9, &c.――――The second archon at Athens.

=Acathantus=, a bay in the Red sea.――_Strabo_, bk. 16.

=Acca Laurentia=, the wife of Faustulus shepherd of king Numitor’s flocks, who brought up Romulus and Remus, who had been exposed on the banks of the Tiber. From her wantonness, she was called _Lupa_, prostitute, whence the fable that Romulus was suckled by a she-wolf. _Dionysius of Halicarnassus_, bk. 1, ch. 18.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 4. ――_Aulus Gellius_, bk. 6, ch. 7.――――The Romans yearly celebrated certain festivals [_See:_ Laurentalia] in honour of another prostitute of the same name, which arose from this circumstance: the keeper of the temple of Hercules, one day playing at dice, made the god one of the number, on condition that if Hercules was defeated, he should make him a present, but if he conquered he should be entertained with an elegant feast, and share his bed with a beautiful female. Hercules was victorious, and accordingly Acca was conducted to the bed of Hercules, who in reality came to see her, and told her in the morning to go into the streets, and salute with a kiss the first man she met. This was Tarrutius, an old unmarried man, who, not displeased with Acca’s liberty, loved her, and made her the heiress of all his possessions. These, at her death, she gave to the Roman people, whence the honours paid to her memory. _Plutarch_, _Quæstiones Romanæ_, _Romulus_.――――A companion of Camilla. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 820.

=Accia=, or =Atia=, daughter of Julia and Marcus Atius Balbus, was the mother of Augustus, and died about 40 years B.C. _Dio Cassius._―― _Suetonius_, _Augustus_, ch. 4.――――Variola, an illustrious female, whose cause was eloquently pleaded by Pliny. _Pliny_, bk. 6, ch. 33.

=Accĭla=, a town of Sicily. _Livy_, bk. 24, ch. 35.

=Lucius Accius=, a Roman tragic poet, whose roughness of style Quintilian has imputed to the unpolished age in which he lived. He translated some of the tragedies of Sophocles, but of his numerous pieces only some of the names are known; and among these his Nuptiæ, Mercator, Neoptolemus, Phœnice, Medea, Atreus, &c. The great marks of honour which he received at Rome may be collected from this circumstance: that a man was severely reprimanded by a magistrate for mentioning his name without reverence. Some few of his verses are preserved in Cicero and in other writers. He died about 180 years B.C. _Horace_, bk. 2, ltr. 1, li. 56.――_Ovid_, _Amores_, bk. 1, poem 15, li. 19.――_Quintilian_, bk. 10, ch. 1.――_Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_ & _Brutus or de Claris Oratoribus_, bk. 3, ch. 16.――――A famous orator of Pisaurum in Cicero’s age.――――Labeo, a foolish poet mentioned _Persius_, bk. 1, li. 50.――――Tullius, a prince of the Volsci, very inimical to the Romans. Coriolanus, when banished by his countrymen, fled to him, and led his armies against Rome. _Livy_, bk. 2, ch. 37.――_Plutarch_, _Coriolanus_.

=Acco=, a general of the Senones in Gaul. _Cæsar_, _Gallic War_, bk. 6, chs. 4 & 44.――――An old woman who fell mad on seeing her deformity in a looking-glass. _Hesychius._

=Accua=, a town in Italy. _Livy_, bk. 24, ch. 20.

=Ace=, a town in Phœnicia, called also Ptolemais, now Acre. _Cornelius Nepos_, _Datames_, ch. 5.――――A place of Arcadia near Megalopolis, where Orestes was cured from the persecution of the furies, who had a temple there. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 34.

=Acerātus=, a soothsayer, who remained alone at Delphi when the approach of Xerxes frightened away the inhabitants. _Herodotus_, bk. 8, ch. 37.

=Acerbas=, a priest of Hercules at Tyre, who married Dido. _See:_ Sichæus. _Justin_, bk. 18, ch. 4.

=Acerīna=, a colony of the Brutii in Magna Græcia, taken by Alexander of Epirus. _Livy_, bk. 8, ch. 24.

=Acerræ=, an ancient town of Campania, near the river Clanius. It still subsists; and the frequent inundations from the river which terrified its ancient inhabitants, are now prevented by the large drains dug there. _Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 225.――_Livy_, bk. 8, ch. 17.

=Acersecŏmes=, a surname of Apollo, which signifies _unshorn_. _Juvenal_, satire 8, li. 128.

=Aces=, a river of Asia. _Herodotus_, bk. 3, ch. 117.

=Acesia=, part of the island of Lemnos, which received this name from Philoctetes, whose wound was cured there. _Philostratus._

=Acesīnes=, a river of Sicily. _Thucydides_, bk. 4, ch. 25.

=Acesīnus=, or =Acesīnes=, a river of Persia falling into the Indus. Its banks produce reeds of such an uncommon size, that a piece of them, particularly between two knots, can serve as a boat to cross the water. _Justin_, bk. 12, ch. 9.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 12.

=Acesius=, a surname of Apollo, in Elis and Attica, as god of medicine. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 24.

=Acesta=, a town of Sicily, called after king Acestes, and known also by the name of Segesta. It was built by Æneas, who left there part of his crew, as he was going to Italy. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 746, &c.

=Acestes=, son of Crinisus and Egesta, was king of the country near Drepanum in Sicily. He assisted Priam in the Trojan war, and kindly entertained Æneas during his voyage, and helped him to bury his father on mount Eryx. In commemoration of this, Æneas built a city there called Acesta, from Acestes. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 5, li. 746.

=Acestium=, a woman who saw all her relations invested with the sacred office of torch-bearer in the festivals of Ceres. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 37.

=Acestodōrus=, a Greek historian, who mentions the review which Xerxes made of his forces before the battle of Salamis. _Plutarch_, _Themistocles_.

=Acestorĭdes=, an Athenian archon.――――A Corinthian, governor of Syracuse. _Diodorus_, bk. 19.

=Acetes=, one of Evander’s attendants. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 30.

=Achabȳtos=, a lofty mountain in Rhodes, where Jupiter had a temple.

=Achæa=, a surname of Pallas, whose temple in Daunia was defended by dogs which fawned upon the Greeks, but fiercely attacked all other persons. _Aristotle_, _de Mirabilibus_.――――Ceres was called Achæa, from her _lamentations_ (ἀχεα) at the loss of Proserpine. _Plutarch_, _De Iside et Osiride_.

=Achæi=, the descendants of Achæus, at first inhabited the country near Argos, but being driven by the Heraclidæ, 80 years after the Trojan war, they retired among the Ionians, whose 12 cities they seized and kept. The names of these cities are Pellene, Ægira, Æges, Bura, Tritæa, Ægion, Rhypæ, Olenos, Helice, Patræ, Dyme, and Pharæ. The inhabitants of these three last began a famous confederacy, 284 years B.C., which continued formidable upwards of 130 years, under the name of the _Achæan league_, and was most illustrious whilst supported by the splendid virtues and abilities of Aratus and Philopœmen. Their arms were directed against the Ætolians for three years, with the assistance of Philip of Macedon, and they grew powerful by the accession of neighbouring states, and freed their country from foreign slavery, till at last they were attacked by the Romans, and, after one year’s hostilities, the Achæan league was totally destroyed, B.C. 147. The Achæans extended the borders of their country by conquest and even planted colonies in Magna Græcia.――――The name of _Achæi_ is generally applied to all the Greeks, indiscriminately, by the poets. _See:_ Achaia. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 145; bk. 8, ch. 36.――_Statius_, _Thebaid_, bk. 2, li. 164. ――_Polybius._――_Livy_, bks. 27, 32, &c.――_Plutarch_, _Philopœmen_. ――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 5.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, li. 605. ――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 1, &c.――――Also a people of Asia on the borders of the Euxine. _Ovid_, _Ex Ponto_, bk. 4, poem 10, li. 27.

=Achæium=, a place of Troas, opposite Tenedos. _Strabo_, bk. 8.

=Achæmĕnes=, a king of Persia, among the progenitors of Cyrus the Great; whose descendants were called Achæmenides, and formed a separate tribe in Persia, of which the kings were members. Cambyses, son of Cyrus, on his death-bed, charged his nobles, and particularly the Achæmenides, not to suffer the Medes to recover their former power, and abolish the empire of Persia. _Herodotus_, bk. 1, ch. 125; bk. 3, ch. 65; bk. 7, ch. 1.――_Horace_, bk. 2, ode 12, li. 21.――――A Persian, made governor of Egypt by Xerxes, B.C. 484.

=Achæmenia=, part of Persia, called after Achæmenes. Hence Achæmenius. _Horace_, _Epodes_, poem 13, li. 12.

=Achæmenĭdes=, a native of Ithaca, son of Adramastus, and one of the companions of Ulysses, abandoned on the coast of Sicily, where Æneas, on his voyage to Italy, found him. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 624.――_Ovid_, _Ibis_, li. 417.

=Achæorum littus=, a harbour in Cyprus. _Strabo._――――In Troas,――――in Æolia,――――in Peloponnesus,――――on the Euxine. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 34.

=Achæorum statio=, a place on the coast of the Thracian Chersonesus, where Polyxena was sacrificed to the shades of Achilles, and where Hecuba killed Polymnestor, who had murdered her son Polydorus.

=Achæus=, a king of Lydia, hung by his subjects for his extortion. _Ovid_, _Ibis_.――――A son of Xuthus of Thessaly. He fled, after the accidental murder of a man, to Peloponnesus; where the inhabitants were called from him, Achæi. He afterwards returned to Thessaly. _Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 1.――――A tragic poet of Eretria, who wrote 43 tragedies, of which some of the titles are preserved, such as Adrastus, Linus, Cycnus, Eumenides, Philoctetes, Pirithous, Theseus, Œdipus, &c.; of these only one obtained the prize. He lived some time after Sophocles.――――Another of Syracuse, author of 10 tragedies.――――A river which falls into the Euxine. _Arrian_, _Periplus of the Euxine Sea_.――――A relation of Antiochus the Great, appointed governor of all the king’s provinces beyond Taurus. He aspired to sovereign power, which he disputed for eight years with Antiochus, and was at last betrayed by a Cretan. His limbs were cut off, and his body, sewed in the skin of an ass, was exposed on a gibbet. _Polybius_, bk. 8.

=Achaia=, called also _Hellas_, a country of Peloponnesus at the north of Elis on the bay of Corinth, which is now part of Livadia. It was originally called Ægialus (_shore_) from its situation. The Ionians called it Ionia, when they settled there; and it received the name of Achaia, from the Achæi, who dispossessed the Ionians. _See:_ Achæi.――――A small part of Phthiotis was also called Achaia, of which Alos was the capital.

=Achaicum bellum.= _See:_ Achæi.

=Achăra=, a town near Sardis. _Strabo_, bk. 14.

=Acharenses=, a people of Sicily near Syracuse. _Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 3.

=Acharnæ=, a village of Attica. _Thucydides_, bk. 2, ch. 19.

=Achātes=, a friend of Æneas, whose fidelity was so exemplary that _Fidus Achates_ became a proverb. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 316.――――A river of Sicily.

=Achĕlōĭdes=, a patronymic given to the Sirens as daughters of Achelous. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, fable 15.

=Achelorium=, a river of Thessaly. _Polyænus_, bk. 8.

=Achelōus=, the son of Oceanus or Sol by Terra or Tethys, god of the river of the same name in Epirus. As one of the numerous suitors of Dejanira daughter of Œneus he entered the lists against Hercules and being inferior, changed himself into a serpent, and afterwards into an ox. Hercules broke off one of his horns, and Achelous being defeated, retired in disgrace into his bed of waters. The broken horn was taken up by the nymphs, and filled with fruits and flowers, and after it had for some time adorned the hand of the conqueror, it was presented to the goddess of plenty. Some say that he was changed into a river after the victory of Hercules. This river is in Epirus, and rises in mount Pindus, and after dividing Acarnania from Ætolia, falls into the Ionian sea. The sand and mud which it carries down, have formed some islands at its mouth. This river is said by some to have sprung from the earth after the deluge. _Herodotus_, bk. 2, ch. 10.――_Strabo_, bk. 10.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 8, fable 5; bk. 9, fable 1; _Amores_, bk. 3, poem 6, li. 35.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 1, chs. 3 & 7; bk. 2, ch. 7.――_Hyginus_, preface to fables.――――A river of Arcadia falling into the Alpheus.――――Another flowing from mount Sipylus. _Pausanias_, bk. 8, ch. 38.

=Acherdus=, a tribe of Attica; hence _Acherdusius_, _Demosthenes_.

=Acherĭmi=, a people of Sicily. _Cicero_, bk. 3, _Against Verres_.