Part 5

=Achĕron=, a river of Thesprotia, in Epirus, falling into the bay of Ambracia. Homer called it, from the dead appearance of its waters, one of the rivers of hell, and the fable has been adopted by all succeeding poets, who make the god of the stream to be the son of Ceres without a father, and say that he concealed himself in hell for fear of the Titans, and was changed into a bitter stream, over which the souls of the dead are at first conveyed. It receives, say they, the souls of the dead, because a deadly languor seizes them at the hour of dissolution. Some make him son of Titan, and suppose that he was plunged into hell by Jupiter, for supplying the Titans with water. The word Acheron is often taken for hell itself. _Horace_, bk. 1, ode 3, li. 36.――_Virgil_, _Georgics_, bk. 2, li. 292; _Æneid_, bk. 2, li. 295, &c.――_Strabo_, bk. 7.――_Lucan_, bk. 3, li. 16.――_Silius Italicus_, bk. 2.――_Sylvæ_, poem 6, li. 80.――_Livy_, bk. 8, ch. 24.――――A river of Elis in Peloponnesus.――――Another on the Riphæan mountains. _Orpheus._――――Also a river in the country of the Brutii in Italy. _Justin_, bk. 12, ch. 2.

=Acherontia=, a town of Apulia on a mountain, thence called _Nidus_ by _Horace_, bk. 3, ode 4, li. 14.

=Acherūsia=, a lake of Egypt near Memphis, over which, as Diodorus, bk. 1, mentions, the bodies of the dead were conveyed, and received sentence according to the actions of their life. The boat was called Baris, and the ferryman Charon. Hence arose the fable of Charon and the Styx, &c., afterwards imported into Greece by Orpheus, and adopted in the religion of the country.――――There was a river of the same name in Epirus, and another in Italy in Calabria.

=Acherūsias=, a place or cave in Chersonesus Taurica, where Hercules, as is reported, dragged Cerberus out of hell. _Xenophon_, _Anabasis_, bk. 6.

=Achetus=, a river of Sicily. _Silius Italicus_, bk. 14.

=Achillas=, a general of Ptolemy, who murdered Pompey the Great. _Plutarch_, _Pompey_.――_Lucan_, bk. 8, li. 538.

=Achillēa=, a peninsula near the mouth of the Borysthenes. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 1.――_Herodotus_, bk. 4, chs. 55 & 76.――――An island at the mouth of the Ister, where was the tomb of Achilles, over which it is said that birds never flew. _Pliny_, bk. 10, ch. 29.――――A fountain of Miletus, whose waters rise salted from the earth, and afterwards sweeten in their course. _Athenaeus_, bk. 2, ch. 2.

=Achilleienses=, a people near Macedonia. _Xenophon_, _Hellenica_, bk. 3.

=Achillēis=, a poem of Statius, in which he describes the education and memorable actions of Achilles. This composition is imperfect. The poet’s premature death deprived the world of a valuable history of the life and exploits of this famous hero. _See:_ Statius.

=Achilles=, the son of Peleus and Thetis, was the bravest of all the ♦Greeks in the Trojan war. During his infancy, Thetis plunged him in the Styx, and made every part of his body invulnerable, except the heel, by which she held him. His education was entrusted to the centaur Chiron, who taught him the art of war and made him master of music, and by feeding him with the marrow of wild beasts, rendered him vigorous and active. He was taught eloquence by Phœnix, whom he ever after loved and respected. Thetis, to prevent him from going to the Trojan war, where she knew he was to perish, privately sent him to the court of Lycomedes, where he was disguised in a female dress, and, by his familiarity with the king’s daughters, made Deidamia mother of Neoptolemus. As Troy could not be taken without the aid of Achilles, Ulysses went to the court of Lycomedes, in the habit of a merchant, and exposed jewels and arms to sale. Achilles, choosing the arms, discovered his sex, and went to the war. Vulcan, at the entreaties of Thetis, made him a strong suit of armour, which was proof against all weapons. He was deprived by Agamemnon of his favourite mistress, Briseis, who had fallen to his lot at the division of the booty of Lyrnessus, and for this affront, he refused to appear in the field till the death of his friend Patroclus recalled him to action, and to revenge. _See:_ Patroclus. He slew Hector the bulwark of Troy, tied the corpse by the heels to his chariot, and dragged it three times round the walls of Troy. After thus appeasing the shades of his friend, he yielded to the tears and entreaties of Priam, and permitted the aged father to ransom and to carry away Hector’s body. In the 10th year of the war, Achilles was charmed with Polyxena; and as he solicited her hand in the temple of Minerva, it is said that Paris aimed an arrow at his vulnerable heel, of which wound he died. His body was buried at Sigæum, and divine honours were paid to him, and temples raised to his memory. It is said, that after the taking of Troy, the ghost of Achilles appeared to the Greeks, and demanded of them Polyxena, who accordingly was sacrificed on his tomb by his son Neoptolemus. Some say that this sacrifice was voluntary, and that Polyxena was so grieved at his death that she killed herself on his tomb. The Thessalians yearly sacrificed a black and a white bull on his tomb. It is reported that he married Helen after the siege of Troy; but others maintain, that this marriage happened after his death, in the island of Leuce, where many of the ancient heroes lived, as in a separate elysium. _See:_ Leuce. When Achilles was young, his mother asked him, whether he preferred a long life, spent in obscurity and retirement, or a few years of military fame and glory? and that, to his honour, he made choice of the latter. Some ages after the Trojan war, Alexander going to the conquest of Persia, offered sacrifices on the tomb of Achilles, and admired the hero who had found a Homer to publish his fame to posterity. _Xenophon_, _On Hunting_.――_Plutarch_, _Alexander_; _De facie in orbe Lunæ_; _De Musica_; _De amicorum multitudine_; _Quæstiones Græcæ_.――_Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 18, &c.――_Diodorus_, bk. 17.――_Statius_, _Achilleid_.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 12, fable 3, &c.; _Tristia_, bk. 3, poem 5, li. 37, &c.――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, lis. 472, 488; bk. 2, li. 275; bk. 6, li. 58, &c.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 13.――_Hyginus_, fables 96 & 110.――_Strabo_, bk. 14.――_Pliny_, bk. 35, ch. 15.――_Maximus of Tyre_, Oration 27.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 8; bk. 2, odes 4 & 16; bk. 4, ode 6; bk. 2, ltr. 2, li. 42.――_Homer_, _Iliad_ & _Odyssey_.―― _Dictys Cretensis_, bks. 1, 2, 3, &c.――_Dares Phrygius._――_Juvenal_, satire 7, li. 210.―― _Apollonius_, bk. 4, _Argonautica_, li. 869.―――― There were other persons of the same name. The most known were――a man who received Juno when she fled from Jupiter’s courtship――――the preceptor of Chiron the centaur――――a son of Jupiter and Lamia, declared by Pan to be fairer than Venus――――a man who instituted ostracism at Athens――――Tatius, a native of Alexandria, in the age of the emperor Claudius, but originally a pagan, converted to Christianity, and made a bishop. He wrote a mixed history of great men, a treatise on the sphere, tactics, a romance on the loves of Clitophon and Leucippe, &c. Some manuscripts of his works are preserved in the Vatican and Palatinate libraries. The best edition of his works is that in 12mo, Leiden, 1640.

♦ ‘Geeeks’ replaced with ‘Greeks’

=Achillēum=, a town of Troas near the tomb of Achilles, built by the Mityleneans. _Pliny_, bk. 5, ch. 30.

♦=Achilleus=, or =Aquileus=, a Roman general in Egypt, in the reign of Diocletian, who rebelled, and for five years maintained the imperial dignity at Alexandria. Diocletian at last marched against him; and because he had supported a long siege, the emperor ordered him to be devoured by lions.

♦ Placed in alphabetical order

=Achīvi=, the name of the inhabitants of Argos and Lacedæmon before the return of the Heraclidæ, by whom they were expelled from their possessions 80 years after the Trojan war. Being without a home, they drove the Ionians from Ægialus, seized their 12 cities, and called the country Achaia. The Ionians were received by the Athenians. The appellation of _Achivi_ is indiscriminately applied by the ancient poets to all the Greeks. _Pausanias_, bk. 7, ch. 1, &c. _See:_ Achaia.

=Achladæus=, a Corinthian general, killed by Aristomenes. _Pausanias_, bk. 4, ch. 19.

=Acholōe=, one of the Harpies. _Hyginus_, fable 14.

=Acichōrius=, a general with Brennus in the expedition which the Gauls undertook against Pæonia. _Pausanias_, bk. 10, ch. 10.

=Acidālia=, a surname of Venus, from a fountain of the same name in Bœotia, sacred to her. The Graces bathed in the fountain. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 1, li. 720.――_Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 468.

=Acidāsa=, a river of Peloponnesus, formerly called Jardanus. _Pausanias_, bk. 5, ch. 5.

=Acilia=, a plebeian family at Rome, which traced its pedigree up to the Trojans.――――The mother of Lucan.

=Acilia lex=, was enacted, A.U.C. 556, by Acilius the tribune, for the plantation of five colonies in Italy. _Livy_, bk. 32, ch. 29.―――― Another called also Calpurnia, A.U.C. 684, which enacted, that no person convicted of _ambitus_, or using bribes at elections, should be admitted in the senate, or hold an office.――――Another concerning such as were guilty of extortion in the provinces.

=Marcus Acilius Balbus=, was consul with Portius Cato, A.U.C. 640. It is said that during his consulship, milk and blood fell from heaven. _Pliny_, bk. 2, ch. 56.――――Glabrio, a tribune of the people, who with a legion quelled the insurgent slaves in Etruria. Being consul with Publius Cornelius Scipio Nasica, A.U.C. 563, he conquered Antiochus at Thermopylæ, for which he obtained a triumph, and three days were appointed for public thanksgiving. He stood for the censorship against Cato, but desisted on account of the false measures used by his competitor. _Justin_, bk. 31, ch. 6.――_Livy_, bk. 30, ch. 40; bk. 31, ch. 50; bk. 33, ch. 10, &c.――――The son of the preceding, erected a temple to Piety, which his father had vowed to this goddess when fighting against Antiochus. He raised a golden statue to his father, the first that appeared in Italy. The temple of piety was built on the spot where once a woman had fed with her milk her aged father, whom the senate had imprisoned, and excluded from all aliments. _Valerius Maximus_, bk. 2, ch. 5.――――The enactor of a law against bribery.――――A prætor in the time that Verres was accused by Cicero.――――A man accused of extortion, and twice defended by Cicero. He was proconsul of Sicily, and lieutenant to Cæsar in the civil wars. _Cæsar_, _Civil War_, bk. 3, ch. 15.――――A consul, whose son was killed by Domitian, because he fought with wild beasts. The true cause of this murder was, that young Glabrio was stronger than the emperor, and therefore envied. _Juvenal_, satire 4, li. 94.

=Acilla=, a town of Africa, near Adrumetum. Some read Acolla. _Cæsar_, _African War_, ch. 33.

=Acis=, a shepherd of Sicily, son of Faunus and the nymph Simæthis. Galatæa passionately loved him; upon which his rival Polyphemus, through jealousy, crushed him to death with a piece of a broken rock. The gods changed Acis into a stream, which rises from mount Ætna. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, fable 8.

=Acmon=, a native of Lyrnessus, who accompanied Æneas into Italy. His father’s name was Clytus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 128.

=Acmonĭdes=, one of the Cyclops. _Ovid_, _Fasti_, bk. 4, li. 288.

=Acœtes=, the pilot of the ship whose crew found Bacchus asleep, and carried him away. As they ridiculed the god, they were changed into sea monsters, but Acœtes was preserved. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3, fable 8, &c. _See:_ Acetes.

=Acontes=, one of Lycaon’s 50 sons. _Apollodorus_, bk. 3, ch. 8.

=Aconteus=, a famous hunter changed into a stone by the head of Medusa, at the nuptials of Perseus and Andromeda. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 201.――――A person killed in the wars of Æneas and Turnus, in Italy. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 11, li. 615.

=Acontius=, a youth of Cea, who, when he went to Delos to see the sacrifice of Diana, fell in love with Cydippe, a beautiful virgin, and being unable to obtain her, on account of the obscurity of his origin, wrote these verses on an apple, which he threw into her bosom:

_Juro tibi sanctæ per mystica sacra Dianæ, Me tibi venturam comitem, sponsamque futuram._

Cydippe read the verses, and being compelled by the oath she had inadvertently made, married Acontius. _Ovid_, _Heroides_, poem 20. ――――A mountain of Bœotia. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 7.

=Acontobūlus=, a place of Cappadocia, under Hyppolyte queen of the Amazons. _Apollonius_, _Argonautica_, bk. 2.

=Acōris=, a king of Egypt, who assisted Evagoras king of Cyprus against Persia. _Diodorus_, bk. 15.

=Acra=, a town in Italy,――――Eubœa,――――Cyprus,――――Acarnania,―――― Sicily, ――――Africa,――――Sarmatia, &c.――――A promontory of Calabria, now Capo di Leuca.

=Acradīna=, the citadel of Syracuse, taken by Marcellus the Roman consul. _Plutarch_, _Marcellus_.――_Cicero_, _Against Verres_, bk. 4.

=Acræ=, a mountain in Peloponnesus. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 34.

=Acræa=, a daughter of the river Asterion.――――A surname of Diana, from a temple built to her by Melampus, on a mountain near Argos.――――A surname of Juno. _Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 17.

=Acræphnia=, a town in Bœotia; whence Apollo is called Acraæphnius. _Herodotus_, bk. 8, ch. 135.

=Acragallĭdæ=, a dishonest nation living anciently near Athens. _Æschines_, _Against Ctesiphon_.

=Acrăgas.= _See:_ Agragas.

=Acrātus=, a freedman of Nero, sent into Asia to plunder the temples of the gods. _Tacitus_, _Annals_, bk. 15, ch. 45; bk. 16, ch. 23.

=Acrias=, one of Hippodamia’s suitors. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 21.―――― He built Acriæ, a town of Laconia. _Pausanias_, bk. 3, ch. 21.

=Acridophăgi=, an Æthiopian nation, who fed upon locusts, and lived not beyond their 40th year. At the approach of old age swarms of winged lice attacked them, and gnawed their belly and breast, till the patient, by rubbing himself, drew blood, which increased their number, and ended in his death. _Diodorus_, bk. 3.――_Pliny_, bk. 11, ch. 29.――_Strabo_, bk. 16.

=Acrīon=, a Pythagorean philosopher of Locris. _Cicero_, _De Finibus_, bk. 5, ch. 29.

=Acrisioneus=, a patronymic applied to the Argives, from Acrisius, one of their ancient kings, or from Acrisione, a town of Argolis, called after a daughter of Acrisius of the same name. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 7, li. 410.

=Acrisioniădes=, a patronymic of Perseus, from his grandfather Acrisius. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, li. 70.

=Acrisius=, son of Abas king of Argos, by Ocalea daughter of Mantineus. He was born at the same birth as Prœtus, with whom it is said that he quarrelled even in his mother’s womb. After many dissensions, Prœtus was driven from Argos. Acrisius had Danae by Eurydice daughter of Lacedæmon; and being told by an oracle, that his daughter’s son would put him to death, he confined Danae in a brazen tower, to prevent her becoming a mother. She, however, became pregnant, by Jupiter changed into a golden shower; and though Acrisius ordered her, and her infant called Perseus, to be exposed on the sea, yet they were saved; and Perseus soon after became so famous for his actions, that Acrisius, anxious to see so renowned a grandson, went to Larissa. Here Perseus, wishing to show his skill in throwing a quoit, killed an old man who proved to be his grandfather, whom he knew not, and thus the oracle was unhappily fulfilled. Acrisius reigned about 31 years. _Hyginus_, fable 63.――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 4, fable 16.――_Horace_, bk. 3, ode 16.――_Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 2, &c.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 16, &c.――_See:_ Danae, Perseus, Polydectes.

=Acrītas=, a promontory of Messenia, in Peloponnesus. _Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 5.――_Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 3.

=Acroāthon=, or =Acrothoos=, a town on the top of mount Athos, whose inhabitants lived to an uncommon old age. _Mela_, bk. 2, ch. 2.――_Pliny_, bk. 8, ch. 10.

=Acroceraunium=, a promontory of Epirus, with mountains called Acroceraunia, which project between the Ionian and Adriatic seas. The word comes from ἀκρος, _high_, and κεραυνος, _thunder_; because, on account of their great height, they were often struck with thunder. _Lucretius_, bk. 6, li. 420.――_Pliny_, bk. 4, ch. 1. ――_Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 506.――_Strabo_, bk. 6.――_Horace_, bk. 1, ode 3, li. 20.

=Acrocorinthus=, a lofty mountain on the isthmus of Corinth, taken by Aratus, B.C. 243. There is a temple of Venus on the top, and Corinth is built at the bottom. _Strabo_, bk. 8.――_Pausanias_, bk. 2, ch. 4.――_Plutarch_, _Aratus_.――_Statius_, _Thebiad_, bk. 7, li. 106.

=Acron=, a king of Cenina, killed by Romulus in single combat, after the rape of the Sabines. His spoils were dedicated to Jupiter Feretrius. _Plutarch_, _Romulus_.――――A physician of Agrigentum, B.C. 430, educated at Athens with Empedocles. He wrote physical treatises in the Doric dialect, and cured the Athenians of a plague by lighting a fire near the houses of the infected. _Pliny_, bk. 29, ch. 1.――_Plutarch_, _De Iside et Osiride_.――――One of the friends of Æneas, killed by Mezentius. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 10, li. 719.

=Acropātos=, one of Alexander’s officers, who obtained part of Media after the king’s death. _Justin_, bk. 13, ch. 4.

=Acropŏlis=, the citadel of Athens, built on a rock, and accessible only on one side. Minerva had a temple at the bottom. _Pausanias_, _Atticus_.

=Acrotătus=, son of Cleomenes king of Sparta, died before his father, leaving a son called Areus. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, ch. 13; bk. 3, ch. 6.――――A son of Areus, who was greatly loved by Chelidonis wife of Cleonymus. This amour displeased her husband, who called Pyrrhus the Epirot to avenge his wrongs. When Sparta was besieged by Pyrrhus, Acrotatus was seen bravely fighting in the middle of the enemy, and commended by the multitude, who congratulated Chelidonis on being mistress to such a warlike lover. _Plutarch_, _Pyrrhus_.

=Acrothoos.= _See:_ Acroathon.

=Acta=, or =Acte=, a country of Attica. This word signifies _shore_, and is applied to Attica, as being near the sea. It is derived by some writers from Actæus, a king, from whom the Athenians have been called Actæi. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 1, li. 312.――_Virgil_, _Eclogues_, poem 2, li. 23.

=Acta=, a place near mount Athos, on the Ægean sea. _Thucydides_, bk. 4, ch. 109.

=Actæa=, one of the Nereides. _Hesiod_, _Theogony_, li. 250.――_Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 18, li. 41.――――A surname of Ceres.――――A daughter of Danaus. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 1.

=Actæon=, a famous huntsman, son of Aristæus and Autonoe daughter of Cadmus, whence he is called _Autonoeius heros_. He saw Diana and her attendant, bathing near Gargaphia, for which he was changed into a stag, and devoured by his own dogs. _Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 2. ――_Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 3, fable 3.――――A beautiful youth, son of Melissus of Corinth, whom Archias, one of the Heraclidæ, endeavoured to debauch and carry away. He was killed in the struggle which in consequence of this happened between his father and ravisher. Melissus complained of the insult, and drowned himself; and soon after, the country being visited by a pestilence, Archias was expelled. _Plutarch_, _Amatoriæ narrationes_.

=Actæus=, a powerful person who made himself master of a part of Greece, which he called Attica. His daughter Agraulos married Cecrops, whom the Athenians called their first king, though Actæus reigned before him. _Pausanias_, bk. 1, chs. 2 & 14.――――The word is of the same signification as _Atticus_, an inhabitant of Attica.

=Acte=, a mistress of Nero, descended from Attalus. _Suetonius_, _Nero_, ch. 28.――――One of the Horæ. _Hyginus_, fable 183.

=Actia=, the mother of Augustus. As she slept in the temple of Apollo, she dreamt that a dragon had lain with her. Nine months after she brought forth, having previously dreamt that her bowels were scattered all over the world. _Suetonius_, _Augustus_, ch. 94. ――――Games sacred to Apollo, in commemoration of the victory of Augustus over Marcus Antony at Actium. They were celebrated every third, sometimes fifth, year, with great pomp, and the Lacedæmonians had the care of them. _Plutarch_, _Antonius_.――_Strabo_, bk. 7.―― _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 3, li. 280; bk. 8, li. 675.――――A sister of Julius Cæsar. _Plutarch_, _Cicero_.

=Actis=, son of Sol, went from Greece into Egypt, where he taught astrology, and founded Heliopolis. _Diodorus_, bk. 5.

=Actisănes=, a king of Æthiopia who conquered Egypt, and expelled king Amasis. He was famous for his equity, and his severe punishment of robbers, whose noses he cut off, and whom he banished to a desert place, where they were in want of all aliment, and lived only upon crows. _Diodorus_, bk. 1.

=Actium=, now _Azio_, a town and promontory of Epirus, famous for the naval victory which Augustus obtained over Antony and Cleopatra, the 2nd of September, B.C. 31, in honour of which the conqueror built there the town of Nicopolis, and instituted games. _See:_ Actia. _Plutarch_, _Antonius_.――_Suetonius_, _Augustus_.――――A promontory of Corcyra. _Cicero_, _Letters to Atticus_, bk. 7, ltr. 2.

=Actius=, a surname of Apollo, from Actium, where he had a temple. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 8, li. 704.――――A poet. _See:_ Accius.――――A prince of the Volsci. _See:_ Accius.

=Actius Navius=, an augur, who cut a loadstone in two with a razor, before Tarquin and the Roman people, to convince them of his skill as an augur. _Florus_, bk. 1, ch. 5.――_Livy_, bk. 1, ch. 36.―――― Labeo. _See:_ Labeo.

=Actor=, a companion of Hercules in his expedition against the Amazons. ――――The father of Menœtius by Ægina, whence Patroclus is called _Actorides_. _Ovid_, _Tristia_, bk. 1, poem 8.――――A man called also Aruncus. _Virgil_, _Æneid_, bk. 12, li. 93.――――One of the friends of Æneas. _Æneid_, bk. 9, li. 500.――――A son of Neptune by Agameda. _Hyginus_, fable 14.――――A son of Deion and Diomede. _Apollodorus_, bk. 1, ch. 9.――――The father of Eurytus, and brother of Augeas. _Apollodorus_, bk. 2, ch. 7.――――A son of Acastus, one of the Argonauts. _Hyginus_, fable 14.――――The father of Astyoche. _Homer_, _Iliad_, bk. 2.――_Pausanias_, bk. 9, ch. 37.――――A king of Lemnos. _Hyginus_, fable 102.

=Actorĭdes=, a patronymic given to Patroclus grandson of Actor. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 13, fable 1.――――Also to Erithus son of Actor. _Ovid_, _Metamorphoses_, bk. 5, fable 3.――――Two brothers so fond of each other, that in driving a chariot, one generally held the reins, and the other the whip; whence they are represented with two heads, four feet, and one body. Hercules conquered them. _Pindar._

=Actŏris=, a maid of Ulysses. _Homer_, _Odyssey_, bk. 23.

=Marcus Actorius Naso=, a Roman historian. _Suetonius_, _Julius_, ch. 9.

=Caius Aculeo=, a Roman lawyer celebrated as much for the extent of his understanding, as for his knowledge of law. He was uncle to Cicero. _Cicero_, _On Oratory_, bk. 1, ch. 43.

=Acūphis=, an ambassador from India to Alexander. _Plutarch_, _Alexander_.

=Acusilāus= and =Damagētus=, two brothers of Rhodes, conquerors at the Olympic games. The Greeks strewed flowers upon Diagoras their father, and called him happy in having such worthy sons. _Pausanias_, bk. 6, ch. 7.

=Acusilāus=, an historian of Argos, often quoted by Josephus. He wrote on genealogies, in a style simple and destitute of all ornament. _Cicero_, _On Oratory_, bk. 2, ch. 29.――_Suidas._――――An Athenian who taught rhetoric at Rome under Galba.

=M. Acutĭcus=, an ancient comic writer whose plays were known under the names of Leones, Gemini, Anus, Bœotia, &c.

=Ada=, a sister of queen Artemisia, who married Hidricus. After her husband’s death, she succeeded to the throne of Caria; but being expelled by her younger brother, she retired to Alindæ, which she delivered to Alexander after adopting him as her son. _Curtius_, bk. 2, ch. 8.――_Strabo_, bk. 14.

=Adad=, a deity among the Assyrians, supposed to be the sun.

=Adæus=, a native of Mitylene, who wrote a Greek treatise on statuaries. _Athenæus_, bk. 13.

=Adamantæa=, Jupiter’s nurse in Crete, who suspended him in his cradle to a tree, that he might be found neither in the earth, the sea, nor in heaven. To drown the infant’s cries, she had drums beat and cymbals sounded around the tree. _Hyginus_, fable 139.