chapter XXIII

).

Sir A Fraser, _Among Indian Rajahs and Ryots_, ed 3 London 1912 (pages 185, 191-210).

J Macgowan, _Men and Manners in modern China_, London 1912 (pages 17 foll, 189-96, 275-7).

M Augé-Laribé, _L’évolution de la France agricole_, Paris 1912.

(7) SPECIAL AMERICAN SECTION.

H Baerlein, _Mexico, the land of unrest_, London 1914 (chapters VIII, XI).

F L Olmsted, _A journey in the seaboard slave States_ (1853-4), ed 2 New York 1904 (pages 240, 282, vol II pages 155, 198, 237).

H R Helper, _The impending crisis of the South (economic)_, New York 1857.

B B Munford, _Virginia’s attitude towards Slavery and Secession_, ed 2 London 1910 (pages 133-4 etc).

W Archer, _Through Afro-America, an English reading of the Race-problem_, London 1910.

A H Stone, _Studies in the American Race-problem_, London 1908 printed in New York.

F F Browne, _The everyday life of Abraham Lincoln_, London 1914 (pages 348-9).

G P Fisher, _The colonial era in America_, London 1892 (pages 254, 259).

J Rodway, _Guiana_, London 1912 (of Indians, pages 224-5).

J Creelman, _Diaz, Master of Mexico_, New York 1911 (pages 401-5).

E R Turner, _The Negro in Pennsylvania 1639-1861_, Washington 1911.

_Social and economic forces in American history_, New York and London 1913 (by several authors).

J F Rhodes, _History of the United States from 1850_, London 1893-1906.

C R Enock, _The Republics of Central and South America_, London and New York 1913.

FOOTNOTES

[1] A good specimen of such work at a late date may be found in Statius _Silvae_ IV 3 on the _via Domitiana_ lines 40-66.

[2] For instance Diodorus V 38 § 1, Strabo XII 3 § 40 (p 562), Apuleius _met_ IX 12.

[3] Not artistic, of course.

[4] See especially Ed Meyer _Kleine Schriften_ pp 80-212.

[5] To this question I return in the concluding chapter.

[6] A good instance is Xen _anab_ IV 1 §§ 12-14.

[7] Veget I 3.

[8] Ἀθηναίων πολιτεία cap 16, with Sandys’ notes.

[9] _Catil 4 § 1 non fuit consilium ... neque vero agrum colundo aut venando servilibus officiis intentum aetatem agere._

[10] To this topic I return in the concluding chapter. See chapter on Aristotle.

[11] See chapter on Cato.

[12] For the existence of this system in Modern Italy see Bolton King and Okey _Italy today_ pp 174-5.

[13] Cic _in Catil_ II § 18. See the chapter on Cicero.

[14] Cf Valerius Maximus VII 5 § 2.

[15] For modern Italy see Appendix.

[16] Cf Caesar _B C_ I 34, 56, discussed in the chapter on Varro.

[17] _Oratio_ XV (1 pp 266-7 Dind).

[18] VI 315, XXIII 712, VII 221.

[19] XII 433-5, XXI 445, 451, X 304.

[20] XXI 444.

[21] XVIII 550.

[22] II 751.

[23] XVIII 542, 554, XI 67, XX 495-7, V 500, XIII 590.

[24] XXI 257-9.

[25] XI 68.

[26] XVIII 550-60.

[27] XXI 281-3.

[28] XXI 40-2, 78-80, 101-3, 453-4, XXII 45, XXIV 751-2.

[29] XVI 835-6, VI 463.

[30] VI 455, XVI 831, XX 193.

[31] XII 421-4.

[32] IV 245, XIV 3-4, 62-5, XVI 302-3, XVII 533. (_Iliad_ V 413, VI 366.)

[33] Selling XIV 297, XV 387, 428, 452-3, XX 382-3. Buying I 430, XIV 115, etc.

[34] XIX 488-90, XXII 173-7, 189-93, 440-5, 462-4, 465-77. (Cf XVIII 82-7.)

[35] IV 245 foll.

[36] IX 205-7, XI 430-2, XVI 14 foll, XIX 489, XXIII 227-8, etc.

[37] XIV 449-52.

[38] VII 224-5, XIX 526.

[39] IV 643-4, 652.

[40] In XIX 56-7 a τέκτων, Icmalius, is even mentioned by name.

[41] XVII 382-7, XIX 134-5.

[42] XIV 56-8.

[43] XVII 578.

[44] XVII 18-9, 226-8.

[45] XVIII 403.

[46] VII 112 foll, VIII 557-63.

[47] IX 109-11, 125 foll.

[48] XV 319 foll.

[49] XVIII 1-116.

[50] IX 191.

[51] II 22, IV 318, XIV 344, XVI 139-45.

[52] XIV 222-3.

[53] XIII 31-4.

[54] XVIII 357-64.

[55] XI 489-91.

[56] IV 644.

[57] IV 735-7.

[58] XXIV 208-10.

[59] XXIV 222-55.

[60] XXIV 257.

[61] XV 412-92.

[62] XIV 271-2.

[63] XXI 213-6.

[64] XV 363-5.

[65] XIV 62-5.

[66] XVIII 366-75.

[67] 299-302, 394-5, 399-400, 403-4, 646-7.

[68] 289-90, 303-5, 308-13, 381-2, 410-3 (cf 498).

[69] 20-4.

[70] 37-41.

[71] 298-9, 397-8.

[72] 289-90.

[73] 303-5.

[74] 308-13.

[75] 410-3, 500-1, 554 foll, 576 foll.

[76] 391.

[77] 25-6.

[78] 493, 538, 544, 809.

[79] 686.

[80] 717-8.

[81] 394-400.

[82] 327-34.

[83] 341.

[84] 605.

[85] 602-3.

[86] 370.

[87] 459, 469-71, 502-3, 559-60, 573, 597-8, 607-8, 765-7.

[88] 406 is reasonably suspected.

[89] 405, 779, 800.

[90] 695-705.

[91] 32, 597, 606-7.

[92] _Solon the Athenian_, by Ivan M. Linforth of the University of California (1919) discusses in full the conditions of Solon’s time and his actual policy, with an edition of his poetic remains.

[93] The view of M Clerc _Les métèques Athéniens_ pp 340-5.

[94] ἄλλος γῆν τέμνων πολυδένδρεον εἰς ἐνιαυτὸν λατρεύει τοῖσιν καμπύλ’ ἄροτρα μέλει. Mr Linforth takes the last four words as defining ἄλλος, the plowman. I think they refer to the employers, spoken of as a class.

[95] Aristotle Ἀθ πολ 11, 12, 16.

[96] See the remarks of Dareste Haussoullier and Th Reinach in the _Recueil des inscriptions juridiques Grecques_ (Paris 1904) on the Gortyn Laws.

[97] See Livy X 4 § 9.

[98] See his references to the Spartan use of ξείνοι = βάρβαροι IX 11, 53, 55.

[99] VIII 68 γ.

[100] VIII 26, 105-6.

[101] II 164-7.

[102] Isocrates _Busiris_ §§ 15-20 pp 224-5 also allows for no special class of γεωργοὶ in Egypt.

[103] Plato _Timaeus_ p 24. Diodorus I 28, 73-4 (? from Hecataeus of Abdera, latter half of 3rd cent BC).

[104] II 141, 168. See Index under _Egypt_.

[105] The passage of Isocrates just cited seems to favour this view.

[106] VIII 137.

[107] VIII 26.

[108] VIII 51.

[109] VII 102.

[110] VI 137.

[111] IV 72.

[112] VIII 142.

[113] οἰκετέων here = members of the family, as often. Stein refers to VIII 4, 41, 44, 106. Compare the use of οἰκεὺς in the Iliad, and see Aesch _Agam_ 733, Eur _Suppl_ 870.

[114] _Pers_ 186-7, 255, 337, 391, 423, 434, 475, 798, 844.

[115] _Eum_ 186-90.

[116] _Prom_ 454-8, 708.

[117] Fragm 194, 198, Dind.

[118] _Suppl_ 612-4, _Eum_ 890-1.

[119] _Trach_ 52-3, 61-3, _O T_ 763-4, Fragm 518, 677, Dind.

[120] _Antig_ 338-40. The use of horses for ploughing is strange. Jebb thinks that mules are meant.

[121] _O T_ 1029.

[122] _Trach_ 31-3.

[123] _Electra_ 37-8, 375-6, _Phoenissae_ 405, fragm 143 and many more.

[124] The loyalty of slaves to kind masters is referred to very often.

[125] References in Euripides are too many to cite here.

[126] Cf the oft-quoted line from Eur Auge ἡ φύσις ἐβούλεθ’, ᾗ νόμων oὐδὲν μέλει.

[127] Cf Eur fragm 515, 828, Dind, etc.

[128] Cf Eur fragm 263, 1035, Dind, and the use of τὸ δοῦλον ‘the slave-quality’ in _Hecuba_ 332-3, _Ion_ 983, etc.

[129] See Cope’s note on Aristotle _rhet_ 1 13 § 2.

[130] _Herc Fur_ 1341-6.

[131] _Alcestis_ 2, 6. _Electra_ 203-4. _Cyclops_ 76 foll, cf 23-4.

[132] _Electra_ 252.

[133] _Electra_ 35-9.

[134] _ibid_ 73-4.

[135] _ibid_ 75-6.

[136] _ibid_ 78-81.

[137] The slaves in 360 and 394 are attendants of Orestes.

[138] _Suppl_ 420-2.

[139] _Orest_ 918-20. Cf fragm 188 Dind where the virtue of rustic life is sketched καὶ δόξεις φρονεῖν σκάπτων ἀρῶν γῆν ποιμνίοις ἐπιστατῶν.

[140] _Rhesus_ 74-5.

[141] _Rhesus_ 176.

[142] _Heracl_ 639, 788-9, 890, cf fragm 827 Dind.

[143] _Die pseudoxenophontische Ἀθηναίων πολιτεία ... von Ernst Kalinka_ (Teubner 1913). A great work.

[144] 1 § 3.

[145] 1 § 5 etc.

[146] This view reappears later in Isocrates.

[147] In his book _The Greek Commonwealth_.

[148] 1 §§ 10-12.

[149] Kalinka well points out that in 1 § 11 ἐλευθέρους ἀφιέναι is not technical = manumit.

[150] In 1 § 17 it is notable that among those who gain by concentration of business at Athens is εἴ τῳ ζεῦγός ἐστιν ἢ ἀνδράποδον μισθοφοροῦν. Country carts would now be plentiful in Athens.

[151] 1 § 19.

[152] 2 § 14.

[153] _Equites_ 792-4, _Pax_ 632-6, _Eccl_ 243.

[154] _Eccl_ 197-8.

[155] _Eccl_ 591-2.

[156] _Plut_ 510-626.

[157] Old Strepsiades still has his thoughts fixed on these, _Nubes_ 202-3.

[158] _Plut_ 903.

[159] _Plut_ 223-4.

[160] _Ach_ 180, 211, _Pax_ 570, 1185-6, _Eq_ 316-7, _Nub_ 43 foll.

[161] The gradual conversion is seen in _Ach_ 557 foll, 626 foll.

[162] _Ach_ 32-4.

[163] _Pax_ 551-70, 1127 foll; cf fragm 100, 107, 109, 294, 387, Kock.

[164] _Pax_ 509-11.

[165] _Pax_ 190.

[166] _Pax_ 551-70, 1318-24.

[167] _Lysistr_ 1173-4.

[168] _Ach_ 248-50, 259.

[169] _Ach_ 266.

[170] _Nub_ 43 foll, 138.

[171] _Vesp_ 442-52.

[172] _Pax_ 1140 foll.

[173] _Pax_ 1248-9.

[174] _Lys_ 1203-14.

[175] _Eccl_ 651.

[176] _Plut_ 26-7, 253.

[177] _Plut_ 517-20, 525-6.

[178] _Plut_ 510-626.

[179] _Aves_ 1152.

[180] _Aves_ 1431-2 (cf Vesp 959), fragm of Δαιταλεῖς 4 Dind, 221 Kock.

[181] _Vesp_ 712.

[182] _Ran_ 164-77.

[183] _Eccl_ 197-8, 591-2.

[184] _Nub_ 71-2. Cf φελλέα in Isaeus VIII § 42 p 73.

[185] _Pax_ 552, 1318.

[186] _Ach_ 1018-36.

[187] _Eccl_ 605, _Av_ 712.

[188] _Thucydides and the history of his age_ chapters III-VII.

[189] See Francotte _L’industrie dans la Grèce ancienne_ livre II cc 5-7.

[190] _Thucydides mythistoricus_