Book v

. 1. 242, and the Note.]

[Footnote 1036: Shocking goat.--Ver. 193. See the Note to 1. 522: of the First Book.]

[Footnote 1037: Application of wax.--Ver. 199. Wax is certainly used as a cosmetic, but 'creta' seems to be a preferable reading, as chalk in a powdered state was much used for adding to the fairness of the complexion. Ovid would hardly recommend a cosmetic of so highly injurious a tendency as melted wax.]

[Footnote 1038: The eye-brows.--Ver. 201. We learn from Juvenal, that the colour of them was heightened by punctures with a needle being filled with soot.]

[Footnote 1039: And the little patch.--Ver. 202. 'Aluta' means 'skin made soft by means of alum.' It is difficult to discover what it means here, whether 'a patch' made of a substance like gold-beater's skin, somewhat similar to those used in the days of the Spectator; or a liquid cosmetic, such as Pliny calls 'calliblepharum,' 'an aid to the eye-brows.' He seems to use the word 'sinceras' in its primitive sense, 'without wax'; which recommendation certainly would contradict the common reading, 'cera,' in the 199th line.]

[Footnote 1040: To mark the eyes.--Ver. 203. To heighten the colour of the eyelashes, ashes (and probably charcoal) were u»ed by the Roman women. Saffron also was used. A black paint, made of pulverized antimony, is used by the women in the East, at the present day, to paint their eyebrows black. It is called 'surme,' and was also used at ancient Rome. Cydnus was a river of Cilicia.]

[Footnote 1041: A little treatise.--Ver. 205. He alludes to his book, 'On the care of the Complexion,' of which a fragment remains.]

[Footnote 1042: Of the cesypum.--Ver. 213. The filthy cosmetic called 'cesypum,']

was prepared from the wool of those parts of the body where the sheep perspired most; it was much used for embellishing the complexion. Pliny mentions the sheep of Athens as producing the best. It had a strong rank smell. The red colour, which was used by the Roman ladies for giving a bloom to the skin, was prepared from a moss called 'fucus'; from which, in time, all kinds of paint received the name of 'fucus.']

[Footnote 1043: Of the deer.--Ver. 215. Pliny speaks highly of the virtues of stag's marrow. It probably occupied much the same position in estimation, that bear's grease does at the present day.]

[Footnote 1044: Myron.--Ver. 219. There were two sculptors of this name: one a native of Lycia, the other of Eleuthera.]

[Footnote 1045: Beautiful statue.--Ver. 223. He alludes to that of Venus Anadyomene, or rising from the sea, which was made by Praxiteles, and was often copied by the sculptors of Greece and Rome.]

[Footnote 1046: Pierces her arms.--Ver. 240. See a similar passage in the Amores.