CHAPTER I

. EOLITHIC MAN

97 : 10. Osborn, 1, the tables on pp. 18 and 41.

98 : 15. Galton, pp. 309–310; Woods, 1, chap. XVIII.

99 : 5–10. _A Statistical Study of American Men of Science_, J. McKeen Cattell, especially _Science_, vol. XXXII, no. 828, pp. 553–555.

99 : 22. The authorities quoted by J. B. Bury in his _History of Greece_ are complete and concise. In chap. I he discusses the Dorian conquest from p. 57 forward, and the Homeric-Mycenæan period (1600–1100 B. C.) from p. 20. A very interesting instance of the truth of the picture of Mycenæan culture as drawn by Homer occurs on p. 50, where it is stated that much described by the poet, even to small articles, has been unearthed during archæological investigations. “Although the poets who composed the Iliad and Odyssey probably did not live before the ninth century, they derived their matter from older lays.”

99 : 27. Crete. For systems of Cretan writing see Sir Arthur J. Evans, _Cretan Pictographs and Pre-Phœnician Script_, _Further Discoveries of Cretan and Ægean Script_, _Reports of Excavations at Cnossus_, _Prehistoric Tombs of Knossos_, and _Scripta Minoa_. That the aboriginal “Eteocretan” language existed until historic times is attested by the discoveries of later inscriptions belonging to the fifth and succeeding centuries B. C., which were written in Greek letters at this time but in the indigenous, undecipherable tongue. They are described by Comparetti, _Mon. Ant._, III, pp. 451 _seq._, and by R. S. Conway, 2, 3, especially pp. 125 _seq._, in vol. VIII. In 1908 another discovery was made by the Italian Mission at Phæstus, of a clay disk with printed hieroglyphics which did not belong to the Cretan system of writing. It is supposed to have come from Asia Minor.

For other discoveries in Crete and other authorities see R. M. Burrowes, C. H. and H. B. Dawes. On Cretan pottery see Sir Duncan Mackenzie, 2, and Sir Arthur Evans, 2. Sir Duncan Mackenzie also has a book on the Cretan palaces. Bury, in his _History of Greece_, pp. 9 _seq._, gives a brief description of Crete as revealed by archæologists. According to them, the palaces of Cnossus and Phæstus were erected before 2100 B. C., when Cretan civilization was well advanced. See also the note to p. 119 : 1 of this book.

99 : 28. Azilian period. See p. 115 of this book.

100 : 20 _seq._ Osborn, 1, p. 49 _seq._, and the note VII of the appendix. See also the notes to p. 13 of this book.

100 : 28. Progressive dessication. Ellsworth Huntington, 2.

101 : 5. Arboreal Man. See the work of W. K. Gregory, especially 3, p. 277; and John C. Merriam, pp. 203 and 206–207.

101 : 12. Osborn, 1, note VII, p. 511, of the appendix; and Merriam, pp. 205–208.

101 : 15. J. Pilgrim, _The Correlation of the Siwaliks with Mammal Horizons of Europe_.

101 : 21. Java and the Pithecanthropus erectus. Dubois, E. Fischer, and

## particularly G. Schwalbe. For the land connection of Java with the

mainland see Alfred Russel Wallace’s _Island Life_, and _The Geography of Mammals_, by W. L. and P. L. Sclater.

101 : 27. Gunz glaciation. See Osborn’s table of Geologic Time, in 1, p. 41. The date given here is that made by Penck.

102 : 1. W. D. Matthew, _Revision of the Lower Eocene Primates_, and W. K. Gregory, _The Evolution of the Primates_.

102 : 13. Schoetensack, _Der Unterkiefer des Homo Heidelbergensis aus den Sanden von Mauer bei Heidelberg im Beitrag zur Paläontologie des Menschen_.

102 : 21. At the beginning of this Eolithic period wood was used for clubs and probably as levers along with the chance flints. Perhaps it was employed even earlier, but of course no remains would come down to us.

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