Part 23
The citadel at Thebes was called [Greek: Kunoskephalê] by Xenophon. Those who speak of the Cunocephali as a people, describe them as Mountaineers. Megasthenes per diversos Indiæ montes esse scribit nationes caninis capitibus. Solinus. c. 52.
A promontory of this name upon the coast of the Red Sea, mentioned above from Strabo. Another promontory Cunocephale in Corcyra. Procopius. Goth. l. 3. c. 27.
[68] Solinus. c. 4. and Isidorus. Origi l. 9. de Portentis.
[69] Steph. Byzantinus.
[70] Ptolemy. l. 3. c. 15.
[71] Hesychius. Also a family at Lacedæmon, [Greek: Phulê Lakônikê]: and Cunosouroi, the name of a family at Megara. See Alexander ab Alexandro. l. 1. c. 17.
[72]
Esse duas Arctos, quarum Cynosura petatur Sidoniis; Helicen Graia carina notet. Ovid. Fastor. l. 3. v. 107.
[73] L. 3. p. 207.
[74] V. 99.
[75] Palæphatus [Greek: peri epheurêseôs konchulês.]. p. 124.
[76] Cassiodorus of the purple. Cum fame canis avida in Tyrio littore projecta conchylia impressis mandibulis contudisset, illa naturaliter humorem sanguineum diffluentia ora ejus mirabili colore tinxerunt: et ut est mos hominibus occasiones repentinas ad artes ducere, talia exempla meditantes fecerunt principibus decus nobile. l. 9. c. 36.
See also Chronicon Paschale. p. 43. Achilles Tatius. l. 3. Julius Pollux. l. 1. c. 4. p. 30. Ed. Amstel. Pliny. l. 9. c. 36.
[77] Cyrus Prodromus [Greek: epi apodêmôi têi philiai].
[78] Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 40. p. 1034.
[79] Etymologicum Magnum.
[80] Johannes Antiochenus, who tells the story at large, says, that purple was the discovery [Greek: kunos poimenikou] which in the original history was undoubtedly a shepherd king.
[81] Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 355.
[82] [Greek: Oude Sôkratês ton kuna kai ton chêna omnus epaizen.] Porphyry de Abstinentiâ. l. 3. p. 286.
It is said to have been first instituted by Rhadamanthus of Crete: [Greek: Ekeleuse (Rhadamanthus) kata chênos, kai kunos, kai kriou omnunai.] Eustathius upon Homer. Odyss. [Upsilon]. p. 1871.
See Aristophan. [Greek: Ornithes.] Scholia, v. 521. [Greek: Omnunai keleusai (Rhadamanthun) chêna, kai kuna, ktl.] from Socrates. l. 12. de Rebus Creticis.
The antient Abantes of Euboea styled Zeus himself Cahen; called in aftertimes Cenæus. There was a promontory of the same name: [Greek: Kênaion akrôtêrion (Abantôn)] Steph. Byzant. Here Hercules was supposed to have sacrificed after his conquest of Æchalia.
Victor ab Æchaliâ Cenæo sacra parabat Vota Jovi. Ovid. Metamorph. l. 9 v. 136.
Sophocles in Trachin. v. 242, mentions, [Greek: Bômous, telêt' enkarta Kênaiôi Dii].
[83] Plato in Gorgiâ. vol. 1. p. 482.
[84] Porphyry. l. 3. p. 286. so corrected by Jablonsky. l. v. c. 1. p. 10
[85] Clementis Cohortatio. p. 32.
[86] Pliny. l. 8. p. 446.
[87] Anthologia. l. 1. Epigram. 144.
[88] Theophrast. Charact.
[89] Hesychius.
[90] Diodorus Siculus de pompâ Isiacâ. l. 1. p. 78.
[91] Huetius. Præp. Evang. p. 86. from Cornutus de naturâ Deorum.
A like history is given of serpents in Syria by Aristotle, [Greek: peri thaumasiôn akousmatôn]: and by Pliny and Isidorus, of birds in the islands of Diomedes.
[92] Nonni Dionysica. l. 3. p. 94.
[93] Ibid.
[94] Homer. Odyss. l. 8. v. 92.
[95] [Greek: Ton Kuna ton chruseon apedeixen (ho Zeus) phulattein to hieron en Krêtêi]. Antoninus Liberalis. c. 35. p. 180.
[96] Pausanias of Tænarus. l. 3. p. 275.
[97] ---- of Troezen. l. 2. p. 183.
[98] ---- of Hermione. l. 2. p. 196.
[99] Dionys. [Greek: Periêgês]. v. 791. This temple stood, according to Diodorus Siculus and Arrian, in the country of the Cimmerians, near the Acherusian Chersonese. See Scholia to Dionysius above.
[100] Oppida tota canem venerantur. Juvenal. Sat. 15. v. 8. Diodorus. l. 1. p. 16.
[101] Herodotus. l. 2. c. 66.
[102] Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 368.
[103] [Greek: Exô kunes] was a proverbial expression among the Jews.
[104] Deuteronomy. c. 23. v. 18.
[105] In this golden cup Hercules was supposed to have passed over the ocean. [Greek: Chruseon ---- depas, en hôi ton ôkeanon dieperasen Hêraklês.] Apollodorus. l. 2. p. 100.
There was likewise in the same place a story about a golden belt. Philostratus: Vita Apollon. l. 5. p. 212.
[106] Palæphatus. Edit. Elz. 1642. p. 76. the author would not say [Greek: sphodra plousioi], but keeps to the antient term [Greek: chrusoi], though it is scarce sense.
[107] Pindar. Olymp. Ode 2. [Greek: stroph. d.] p. 25.
[108] [Greek: Chrusophorousi d' ek tou Kaunasou pollai pêgai psêgma aphanes.] Appian de Bello Mithridat. p. 242. Salauces, an antient king of Colchis, was said to have abounded with gold. Pliny. l. 33. c. 15. p. 614. Arrian supposes that they put fleeces into the river, to intercept ([Greek: psêgma aphanes]) this imperceptible mineral; and that hence arose the fable of the Golden Fleece.
[109] Pindar. Olymp. Ode 7. p. 64.
[110] Callimachus. Hymn to Apollo. v. 34.
In like manner there was a shower of gold at Thebes, in Boeotia. Pindar speaks of Jupiter [Greek: Chrusôi mesonuktion niphonta]. Isthm. Ode 7. p. 746.
[111] Callimachus. Hymn to Delos. v. 260.
[112] Homer. Hymn to Apollo. v. 135.
[113] [Greek: Peukês eidos heteron; leibesthai d' haimati, kathaper tôi chrusôi tên Hêliada aigeiron.] Philostratus. l. 5. p. 211. Æschylus mentions the Arimaspians as living upon a golden stream:
[Greek: Hoi Chrusorrhuton ] [Greek: Oikousin amphi nama Platônos porou.] Prometheus. p. 49.
[114] Hence the celebrated city in Egypt had the name of Cherchusora. Some traces of Orcus may be found in Zeus Hircius, and Orcius, mentioned by Pausanias. l. 5. p. 442. He supposes the name to be from [Greek: horkos], an oath, and mentions a legend to that purpose.
[115] Hesiod. Theog. v. 281.
[116] [Greek: Chrusaoris, polis Karias----Epaphroditos de tên Karian pasan Chrusaorida legesthai (phêsi).] Steph. Byzant.
[117] Strabo. l. 14. p. 975. Zeus was a title conferred upon more than one of the family.
[118] Herodotus. l. 2. c. 15. Also c. 17. and 97. called by Strabo [Greek: Kerkesoura]. l. 17. p. 1160.
[119] Sanchoniathon apud Euseb. Præp. Evan. l. 1. p. 35.
[120] Diodorus Sic. l. 4. p. 224.
[121] Hesiod. Theog. v. 287.
[Greek: Trisômaton botêr' Erutheias.] Euripides. Hercules Furens. v. 423.
[122] Homer. Iliad. [Omicron]. v. 256.
[123] Homer. Hymn to Apollo. v. 123.
[124] Second Hymn to Diana. v. 3.
Perseus is styled [Greek: Chrusaoros] in Orpheus de Lapid. c. 15. v. 41.
[125] Homer. Hymn to Apollo. v. 131.
[126] Ibid. v. 126.
[127] Apollo was represented as the author of the lyre, called among the oriental nations Kinor, and Cuthar: from the latter of which came [Greek: kitharis], and cithara in the west.
[128] Pindar. Pyth. Ode 1.
[129] [Greek: Chrusê, hê polis tou Apollônos engus Lêmnou--kai tês Lesbias topos; kai Panêphaistia tês Lêmnou akrôtêrion--kai en Bithuniai, kai peri Chalkêdona, kai tês Karias; kai en têi Halikarnasidi Dôrion pedion; kai en Hellêspontôi; esti kai allê Cherrhonêsos tês Indikês; en de têi ektos Gangou Indikêi.] Stephanus Byzant.
See also [Greek: Chrusopolis] ibidem.
[130] Cedrenus. p. 12.
[131] Strabo. l. 16. p. 1095.
[132] Hoffman Lexic.
[133] Plutarch de fluminibus. p. 1151. The original name was Chrusaor, which had no relation to a golden stream: at least that part of it was so named which ran through the city Mastaura. See Stephanus Byzant. [Greek: Mastaura.]
[134] [Hebrew: KTM] of of the Hebrews.
[135] Dionysius [Greek: periêgês]. v. 589. Scholia ibidem.
[136] The antients, as I have before observed, were not consistent in their theology. The Sun was properly Cham, styled also Orus, but, as a title, was bestowed upon more persons than one.
[137] Josephus of Salatis, the first Shepherd King; [Greek: Houtos en têi Memphidi kategineto.] Contra Apion. l. 1. §. 14.
[138] Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 88.
[139] Josephus contra Apion. l. 1. c. 14.
[140] Justin Martyr mentions this: [Greek: Egnô gar kai temenos Chrusês Aphroditês en Aiguptôi legomenon, kai pedion Chrusês Aphroditês onomazomenon.] Cohort, p. 28. Chruse Aphrodite is plainly the Cuthite Venus; the Deity of the Cuthim.
[141] Pocock's and Norden's Travels, and maps of the country about Cairo.
[142] Colchis, near Comar. Arrian Periplus maris Erythræi. Geog. Vet. vol. 1. p. 33.
[143] [Greek: Kataschein de phasi kai es Pêgadas tês tôn Ôreitôn chôras. Hoide Ôreitai, chalkai men autois hai petrai, chalkê de hê psammos, chalkoun de psêgma hoi potamoi agousi. Chrusitin hêgountai tên gên dia tên eugeneian tou Chalkou.] Philostratus. Vita Apollon. l. 3. p. 155.
[144] The Petra and Pagoda were the same: both names for temples.
[145] This mistake arose from Cal-Chus being styled the region of the Cuthim.
[146] Scholia upon Pindar. Pyth. Ode 4. p. 259.
[147] Ibid. Isth. Ode 5. p. 462.
[148] Sanchoniathon apud Euseb: Præp. Evan. l. 1. c. 10. p. 35.
[149] Ibid.
[150] Lucian de Electro. vol. 2. p. 523. Edit. Salmurii.
[151] Ovid. Metamorph. l. 1. v. 751.
[152] Homer. Odyss. l. [lambda]. v. 15. Phaëthon was universally allowed to be the Sun by the antient mythologists of Greece; to whom we must appeal, and not to the Roman poets. Orpheus says,
[Greek: Êelion Phaethonta eph' harmasi pôloi agousi.] de Lapid. v. 90.
And in another place;
[Greek: Euthus hot' ek peratôn gaiês Phaethôn anorousôn, kl.]
Phaëthon was the same as Phanes: and there is something very mysterious in his character. He is represented as the first born of heaven: [Greek: Prôtogonos Phaethôn perimêkeos Êeros huios]--Hunc ait (Orpheus) esse omnium Deorum parentem; quorum causâ coelum condiderit, liberisque prospexerit, ut haberent habitaculum, sedemque communem: [Greek: Ektisen Athanatois domon aphthiton.] Lactantus de falsâ religione. l. 1. c. 5. p. 15. His history will be explained hereafter.
[153] Phoenices post multos deinde annos, a Rege Ascaloniorum expugnati, navibus appulsi, Tyron urbem ante annum Trojanæ cladis condiderunt. Justin. l. 18. c. 3. See Isaiah. c. 23. v. 11. They enlarged Tyre: but it was a city before: for it is mentioned Joshua. c. 19. v. 29. as the strong city Tyre.
[154] Porphyry de Abstinentiâ. l. 2. p. 158.
[155] Apuleius de genio Socratis.
[156] Argonautica. v. 32. See Clementis Cohortatio. p. 12.
[157] Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 19. p. 520.
[158] Joseph. Antiq. l. 11. c. 5. p. 563.
[159] Nehemiah. c. 8. v. 9.
[160] 1 Esdras. c. 9. v. 52, 53.
[161] Nehemiah. c. 8. v. 11.
[162] Sanchoniathon alludes to the songs of Canaan, and their great sweetness, when he is in an allegorical manner speaking of Sidon; whom he makes a person, and the inventress of harmony. [Greek: Apo de Pontou ginetai Sidôn, hê kath' huperbolên euphônias prôtê humnon ôidês heuren.] Apud Euseb. P. E. lib. 1. c. 10. p. 38.
[163] Stephanus Byzant.
[164] Sanchoniathon apud Euseb. l. 1. c. 10. p. 39.
[165] [Greek: Uk kath' hieran glôssai basilea sêmainei]. Josephus contra Ap. l. 1. c. 13. p. 445.
[166] Osiris, [Greek: Usiris], according to Hellanicus. Plutarch de Iside et Osiride.
[167] Verse 129.
[168] Homer's Hymn to Apollo. v. 92.
[169] Ichnaia was a city in Sicily, and elsewhere.
[Greek: Achnai polis Thessalias--esti kai polis Boiôtias]. Steph. Byzant.
[Greek: Arachnaion oros Argous]. Ibid. Ar-Achnaion is the hill of Canaan, or the Canaanitish mount.
[170] See Radicals. p. 106.
[171] Pliny. l. 3. p. 173.
[172] Milton. Paradise Lost. l. 1. v. 416. See also Ezekiel. c. 8. v. 14.
[173] Hyginus. Fab. 154. p. 266. not. 7. [Greek: Heteroi de phasi, dikaiotaton auton einai Neilon.] Eratosthenes. Catasterism. 37.
[174] [Greek: Kaleitai de hupo tôn enchôriôn Buchernos. Aiguptioi de phasi Neilon einai ton katêstêrismenon.] Scholia in Aratum. p. 48.
[175] Plutarch de Fluminibus. vol. 2. p. 1154.
[176] Eustathius in Dionysium. v. 239. See Steph. Byzant. [Greek: Aiguptos.]
[177] Plutarch [Greek: peri ton ekleloipotôn chrêstêriôn.] vol. 1. p. 409.
[178] Strabo. l. 16. p. 1101. There was supposed to have been a person in Thessaly named Cycnus, the son of Apollo. He lived upon a lake Uria; which was so called from his mother.
Inde lacus Hyries videt, et Cycnëia Tempe, Quæ subitus celebravit olor. Ovid. Metam. l. 7. v. 371.
Uria was also a river in Boeotia: and here was a Cycnus, said to have been the son of Poseidon. Pausan. l. 10. p. 831.
[179] [Greek: Erasthenta de Pasiphaês Dia genesthai men Tauron; nun de aeton kai kuknon.] Porphyry de Abstin. l. 3. p. 285.
[Greek: Pou nun ekeinos ho aetos? pou dai ho kuknos? pou dai autos ho Zeus.] Clemens. Alex. Cohort. p. 31.
[180] Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 24. p. 626.
[181]
[Greek: Pros Gorgoneia pedia Kisthenês, hina] [Greek: Hai phorkides naiousi, dênaioi korai,] [Greek: Treis kuknomorphoi, koinon omm' ektêmenai.] Æschyli Prometheus. p. 48.
[Greek: Hai men phorkides treis--eichon eidos Kuknôn]. Scholia ibidem.
[Greek: Phorkun ên anêr Kurênaios; hoide Kurênaioi kata genos men eisin Aithiopes.] Palæphatus. Edit. Elz. p. 76.
[182] [Greek: Tate ôta, kai tous ophthalmous hoi dêmiourgountes ex hulês timias kathierousi, tois Theois anatithentes eis tous neôs; touto dêpou ainissomenoi, hôs panta theos horai, kai akouei.] Clemens Alexand. l. 5. p. 671.
See Diodorus. l. 3. p. 145. This may have been one reason, among others, why the Cyclopians and Arimaspians are represented with one eye: [Greek: ton mounôpa straton Arimaspon]. Æschylus Prometh. p. 49. The Arimaspian history was written by Aristeus Proconnesius, and styled [Greek: Arimaspeia epê.]
[183] Plutarch. [Greek: Ei.] vol. 2. p. 387.
[184] Porph. de Abst. l. 3. p. 286.
[185] Aristophanes. Aves. [Greek: Kuknôi Puthiôi kai Deliôi.] v. 870.
[186] Plato de Republicâ. l. 10. p. 620. vol.2.
[187] Porph. de Abstin. l. 4. p. 364.
[188] Lycophron. v. 426. Scholia Ibidem.
[189] Callimachus. Hymn to Delos. v. 249.
[190] Fragmenta Lini. Ex Aristobulo. See Poesis Philosoph. H. Steph. p. 112.
[191] Ovid. Metamorph. l. 14. v. 509.
[192] Plato in Phædone. vol. 1. p. 84. Plutarch. in [Greek: Ei.] v. 2. p. 387.
Cicero Tusc. Quæst. l. 1. Pliny. l. x. c. 23.
Ælian de Animal. l. 2. c. 32. l. x. c. 36.
Philostratus. Vita Apollon. l. 3. c. 23.
[193] De Animalibus. l. 9. [Greek: Kai tines êdê pleontes para tên Libuên perietuchon en têi thalattêi pollois adousi phônêi goôdei; kai toutôn heôrôn apothnêskontas enious.] vol. 2. p. 423.
[194] See Brown's Vulgar Errors. l. 3. c. 27.
[195] [Greek: Ho de Mundios phêsin Alexandros pollois teleutôsi parakolouthêsas ouk akousai adontôn.] Athenæus. l. 9. c. 11.
[196] Epigram. in Erinnam. l. 3. p. 280. H. Steph.
[197] Lucretius. l. 4. v. 182.
[198] See Vossius de Idol. vol. 2. l. 3. c. 88. p. 1212. and Pierius de Cygnis. p. 254.
[199] Herod. l. 2. c. 109.
[Greek: Geômetrias te au heuretai gegonasin (hoi Aiguptioi.)] Clemens. Strom. l. 1. p. 361.
[200] L. 4. v. 279.
[201] Apollonius Rhodius. l. 4. v. 279.
[202] Dionys. [Greek: Periêgêsis]. v. 688.
[203] Clem. Alexand. speaks [Greek: Peri te tês Kosmographias kai Geôgraphias ktl.--Chôrographias te tês Aiguptou, kai tês tou Neilou diagraphês.] Strom. 6. p. 757.
[204] [Greek: Sesôstris de, phasin, ho Aiguptios, pollên perielêluthôs gên pinaxi te dedôke tên periodon, kai tês tôn pinakôn anagraphas ouk Aiguptiois monon, alla kai Skuthais eis thauma metadounai êxiôsen.] Eustath. Præf. Epist. to Dionys. p. 12.
[205] Ægyptios primos omnium tam coelum quam terram esse dimensos: ejusque rei scientiam columnis incisam ad posteros propagâsse. Petavii Uranalogia. p. 121. taken from Achilles Tatius.
[206] Homer. Odyss. l. [alpha]. v. 52.
[207] The Atlantians were styled [Greek Ouraniônes], or sons of heaven. The head of the family was supposed to be the brother of Saturn. Diodorus. l. 3. p. 193.
[208] Euseb. [Greek: Historiôn sunagôgê]. p. 374. c. 2.
[209] L. 3. 194.
[210] Strabo. l. 1. p. 13.
[211] Diog. Laert. Anaximander.
[212] Laertius. l. 1. p. 74.
[213] In Pherecyde.
[214] Josephus cont. Apion. l. 1. c. 2.
[215] Clemens. Strom. l. 6. p. 741.
[216] Diodorus Sic. l. 1. p. 12.
[217] Ibid. l. 1. p. 17.
[218] P. 30.
[219] Chron. Paschale. p. 34. Zonaras. p. 16.
See Salmasius upon Solinus. c. 35. concerning Ogen. Also, Windelini Admiranda Nili. p. 12. and 16.
[220] Metamorph. l. 2. v. 9.
[221] V. 119.
[222] Iliad. l. 18. v. 483. and v. 606.
[223] Nonni Dionus. l. 40. p. 1040.
[224] Catull. Epithalamium of Peleus and Thetis. v. 47.
[225] Plutarch. Life of Theseus.
[226] Add to this, what I have before taken notice of, the great absurdity of making the Grecian Argo the first ship which sailed upon the seas: Illa rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten: when the poet, at the same instant, is describing Theseus, previous to the Argo, _in a ship_, and attended with _fleet of ships_.
Namque fluentisono prospectans littore Diæ Thesea _cedentem celeri cum classe_ tuetur, Indomitos in corde gerens Ariadna furores.
Catulli. Epithal. Pel. et Thet. v. 52. See Famiani Stradæ Prolus. l. 3. p. 285.
[227] Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 41. p. 1070.
[228] Orphica ex Macrobio Saturn. l. 1. c. 18. p. 202.
[229] Maps, and books too, when writing was introduced, were made of skins, called [Greek: diphtherai]. [Greek: Tas biblous diphtheras kaleousi apo tou palaiou hoi Iônes.] Herodot. l. 5. c. 58.
A Zone, of curious imagery, is given by Homer to Hercules. Odyss. l. [Lambda]. v. 609.
[Greek: Chruseos ên telamôn, hina theskela erga tetukto.]
A remarkable passage, from Isidorus Basilidis, quoted by Clemens Alexandrin. [Greek: Kai gar moi dokei tous prospoioumenous philosophein, hina mathôsi, ti estin hê hupopteros drus, kai to ep' autêi pepoikilmenon PHAROS. Panta hosa Pherekudês allêgorêsas etheologêsen, labôn apo tês tou Cham prophêteias.] Strom. l. 6. p. 767.
In the former verses from Nonnus we may see the method of deviation. Pharos, a tower, is taken for Pharos a garment; and this altered to [Greek: Chitôn]: and, after all, the genuine history is discernible, notwithstanding the veil which is spread over it. The author says, that, at the bottom, [Greek: eüklôstoio Chitônos], of the well-woven garment, flowed the Ocean, which surrounded the world. This is certainly a misinterpretation of the term [Greek: pharos]: and, in the original writings, whence these verses were copied, the history related to a tower: and it was at the foot [Greek: PHAROU EUKLUSTOIO] that the ocean beat, by which the earth was encircled.
[230] Bochart Geog. Sacra. l. 1. c. 228. p. 524. of [Hebrew: TWR].
[231] Strabo. l. 16. p. 1110.
[232] Diodorus Siculus. l. 4. p. 231.
[233] Strabo. l. 11. p. 762.
[234] [Greek: Tundarioi skopeloi]. Ptolemæus. p. 122. See Strabo. l. 17. p. 1150.
[235] Dionysius. v. 688. Pliny styles them oppida.
Oppida--in ripâ celeberrima, Tyndarida, Circæum, &c. l. 6. c. 4.
[236] The Minotaur was an emblematical representation of Menes, the same as Osiris; who was also called Dionusus, the chief Deity of Egypt. He was also the same as Atis of Lydia, whose rites were celebrated in conjunction with those of Rhea, and Cybele, the mother of the Gods. Gruter has an inscription, M. D. M. IDÆ, et ATTIDI MINOTAURO. He also mentions an altar of Attis Minoturannus. vol. 1. p. xxviii. n. 6.
[237] Diodor. Sicul. l. 16. p. 411.
[238] Meen was the moon: and Meno-Taurus signified Taurus Lunaris. It was a sacred emblem, of which a great deal will be said hereafter.
[239] See Paruta's Sicilia nummata.
[240] [Greek: Turis, ho peribolos tou teichous]. Hesych. From whence we may infer, that any place surrounded with a wall or fortification might be termed a Tor or Turris.
[Greek: Tarchônion polis Turrhênias.] Stephan. Byzant.
[241] Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 717.
[242] Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 1242.
The Poet says of Æneas, [Greek: Palin planêtên dexetai Tursênia.] v. 1239.
[243] Lycophron. v. 1248.
[244] [Greek: Tarkunia polis Turrhenidos apo Tarchônos; to ethnikon Tarkunios.] Steph. Byzant.
[245] Strabo. l. 5. p. 336. [Greek: Tarkôna, aph' hou Tarkunia hê polis.]
[246] Lycophron. v. 116.
[Greek: Hê Torône, gunê Prôteôs.] Scholia ibidem.
[247] [Greek: Turrhênoi salpinga]. Tatianus Assyrius. p. 243.
[248] L. 17. p. 468.
[249] Scholia upon Lycophron. v. 754.
[250] Pausanias. l. 9. p. 749.
[251] Pausanias. l. 7. p. 524.
[Greek: Deime de toi mala kalon Anaktoron.] Callimachus. Hymn to Apollo. v. 77.
[252] Homer. Odyss. [lambda]. v. 105. Strabo supposes Trinakis to have been the modern name of the island; forgetting that it was prior to the time of Homer. l. 6. p. 407: he also thinks that it was called Trinacria from its figure: which is a mistake.
[253] Hymn to Diana. v. 56. I make no doubt but Callimachus wrote [Greek: Trinakia].
[254] Pliny. l. 5. c. 31.
[255] Etymolog. Magn.
[256] Stephanas Byzant.
[257] [Greek: Trachin, hê nun Hêrakleia kaloumenê.] Hesych. or, as Athenæus represents it, more truly, [Greek: Hêrakleian, tên Trachinian kaleomenên.] l. 11. p. 462.
[258] [Greek: Triaina topos Argous; entha tên triainan orthên estêsen ho Poseidôn, sunginomenos tê Amumônê, kai euthus kat' ekeino hudôr aneblusen, ho kai tên epiklêsin eschen ex Amumônês.] Scholia in Euripidis Phoeniss. v. 195.
[259] Eusebius. Præp. Evan. l. 3. c. 11. p. 113.
[260] Palæphatus. p. 56.
[261] Ibid. p. 96.
[262] Palæphatus. p. 20.
[263] Iliad. [Sigma]. v. 486.
[264] Diodorus Siculus. l. 3. p. 324.
[265] Pindar. Pyth. Ode 4. p. 243.
[266] Homer. Odyss. [Lambda]. v. 306.
[267] Chron. Paschale. p. 36.
[Greek: Nebrôd----kalousin Ôriôna]. Cedrenus. p. 14.
[268] Homer. Odyss. [Lambda]. v. 571.
[269] Strabo. l. 3. p. 259.
[270] Alorus was the first king of Babylon; and the same person as Orion, and Nimrod. See Radicals. p. 10. notes.
[271] [Greek: Helôros, entha psuchron ekballei poton.] Lycophron. v. 1033.
[Greek: Rheithrôn Helôrou prosthen.] Idem. v. 1184. [Greek: Ho potamos ho Helôros esche to onoma apo tinos basileôs Helôrou.] Schol. ibid. There were in Sicily many places of this name; [Greek: Pedion Helôrion]. Diodorus. l. 13. p. 148. Elorus Castellum. Fazellus. Dec. 1. l. 4. c. 2.
Via Helorina. [Greek: Helôros polis.] Cluver. Sicilia Antiqua. l. 1. c. 13. p. 186.
[272] Diodorus Siculus. l. 4. p. 284.
[273] Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 13. p. 356.
[274] [Greek: Kata mesên de tên polin hê akropolis, hên ekaloun bursan, ophrus hikanôs orthia.] Strabo. l. 17. p. 1189.
See also Justin. l. 18. c. 5. and Livy. l. 34. c. 62.
[275] [Greek: Zanklê polis Sikelias--apo Zanklou tou gêgenous.] Stephanus Byzant.
[276] Scholia in Lycophron. v. 328.
[Greek: Ôriôn--kata tropên tou ou eis ô apo tou ouriôn estin apo historias tou ourêsai tous theous en têi bursêi, kai genesthai auton.] Etymolog. Mag. [Greek: Ôriôn.]
[277] [Greek: Titthê, titthos, titthion, mastos.] Hesychius.
[278] Pausanias. l. 10. p. 878.
[279] [Greek: Oros--ho de Tittheion onomazousin eph' hêmôn, tênikauta de ekaleito Murtion.] Pausan. l. 2. p. 170.
[280] Callimach. Hymn in Delon. v. 48. [Greek: Mastoi], often taken notice of by Xenophon. [Greek: Anabas]. l. 4. p. 320. A hill at Lesbos. [Greek: En Lesbôi kleinês Eresou perikumoni MASTÔ.] Athenæus. l. 3. p. 111. [Greek: Echei d' en autôi kai maston.] Polyb. l. 1. p. 57.
[281] Strabo mentions in Cyprus, [Greek: Amathous polis--kai oros mastoeides Olumpos]. l. 14. p. 1001.
[282] The Circean promontory in Italy seems to have been named Tit-On; for, the bay below is by Lycophron styled Titonian. [Greek: Titônion te cheuma]. v. 1275. Rivers and seas were often denominated from places near which they flowed.
[283] Of the Cyclopes I shall hereafter treat at large.
[284] Strabo. l. 16. p. 1080. Azara signified a treasure.
[285] Strabo. l. 16. p. 1106.
[286] Bell. Jud. l. 7. p. 417.
[287] Canticles. c. 8. v. 10.
[288] Jeremiah. c. 49. v. 27.
[289] Amos. c. 1. v. 7.
[290] Ibid. c. 1. v. 10.
[291] Ibid. c. 1. v. 14.
[292] It is remarkable, that in many of the very antient temples there was a tradition of their having suffered by lightning.
[293] Canticles. c. 8. v. 8.
[294] 2 Chron. c. 27. v. 3.
[295] Strabo. l. 16. p. 1096.
[296] Canticles. c. 7. v. 4.
[297]
Pervenit ad Draconis speluncam ultimam, Custodiebat qui thesauros abditos. Phædrus. l. 4. Fab. 18.
See Macrobius. Saturn. l. 1. c. 20. of dragons guarding treasures.
[298] Apollonius Rhodius. l. 2. v. 405.
[299] Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 14. p. 408.
[300] Nonni Dionys. l. 33. p. 840.