Part 25

Clemens Alexandrinus tells us, that Homer's account of Polyphemus is borrowed from the character of Saturnus in the Orphic poetry. Strom. l. 6. p. 751.

[550] Scholia in Æschyl. Prometh. p. 56.

[551] [Greek: Paides Ouranou, kai Gês.]

[552] [Greek: Ex hês autôi (Ouranôi) treis paidas ginôskousin hekatontacheiras, kai treis heterous apotiktousi Kuklôpas.] Proclus in Photio. c. ccxxxix. p. 982.

Euripides makes them the sons of Oceanus.

[Greek: Hin' hoi monôpes pontiou paides Theou] [Greek: Kuklôpes oikous' antr' erêm' androktonoi.] Cyclops. v. 21.

[553] [Greek: Kai dê Hieron estin archaion, Kuklôpon kaloumenos bômos, kai thuousin ep' autai Kuklôpsi.] Pausanias. l. 2. p. 114.

[554] Odyss. [Zeta]. v. 5. [Greek: Hupereian, hoi men tên en Sikelia Kamarinên.] Schol. ibid.

[555] [Greek: En polei tês Babulônias Kamarinêi, hên tinas legein polin Ourian.] Alexand. Polyhist. apud Euseb. Præp. Evan. l. 9. p. 418.

[556] Natalis Comes. l. 9. p. 510. By the Celtæ are meant those of Iberia: [Greek: opsigonoi Titênes] of Callimachus.

[557] Lycoph. v. 659. Appian mentions a nation of Cyclopians in Illyria, who were near the Pheacians.

[558] The liba made in such temples were from it named Charisia. [Greek: Charision, eidos plakountôn.] Hesych.

[559] In Parthia, [Greek: Kalliopê, Charis]. Appian. Syriac. p. 125.

[Greek: Phrugias polis Karis]. Steph. Byzant.

Charisiæ in Arcadia. Ibid. The island Cos, called of old Caris. Ibid.

[560] Herodotus. l. 4. c. 13. [Greek: Arimaspous andras mounophthalmous.]

Strabo. l. 1. p. 40. [Greek: Tacha de kai tous monommatous Kuklôpas ek tês Skuthikês historias metenênochen (Homêros.)]

[561] [Greek: Oupis te, Loxô te, kai euaiôn Hekaergê.] Callimach. H. in Delon. v. 292.

[562] Casaubon. not. in Strabon. l. 1. p. 40.

[Greek: Mounôpa straton Arimaspon.] Æschyl. Prineth. p. 49.

[563] [Greek: Ton gar basilea kai kurion Osirin ophthalmôi kai skêptrôi graphousin.] Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 354.

[564] Lycophron. v. 328. See Suidas.

[Greek: Philochoros Tritopatoras pantôn gegonenai prôtous.] Etymolog. Mag. See Meursii not. in Lycophron. v. 328. [Greek: Rhaisei tripatrou phasganôi Kandaonos.]

[565] Iliad. [Sigma]. v. 382. and [Xi]. v. 275. See Pausan. l. 9. p. 781.

[566] Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 29. p. 760.

The Graces and the Furies (Charites et Furiæ) were equally denominated from the Sun, and fire; and in consequence of it had joint worship in Arcadia. Pausan. l. 8. p. 669. Charis, [Greek: Charis], of the Greeks, was the same personage as Ceres of the Romans. She was also called Damater, and esteemed one of the Furies. Pausan. l. 8. p. 649.

[567] Pausanias. l. 9. p. 781. So Coronis is said to have been the daughter of Phlegyas. Pausan. l. 2. p. 170: and Cronus the son of Apollo. l. 2. p. 123. Chiron the son of Saturn; Charon the son of Erebus and night. The hero Charisius, the son of Lycaon, which Lycaon was no other than Apollo, the God of light. These were all places, but described as personages; and made the children of the Deity, to whom they were sacred.

[568] [Greek: Deinous Theois te hiera kataskeuasasthai, kai basileia anthrôpois; kai gar tôi Apollôni ton Naon ôikodomêsanto ton en Delphois, kai Huriei ton Thêsauron.] Pausan. l. 9. p. 785.

Turres, ut Aristoteles, Cyclopes (invenerunt). Pliny. l. 7. c. 56.

[569] Virgil. Æn. l. 6. v. 630.

[570] Lutatius Placidus in Statii Thebaïd. l. 1. p. 26.

[571] [Greek: Tas Huakinthou koras--epi ton Geraistou tou Kuklôpos taphon katesphaxan.] Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 205.

[572] Hercules furens. Act. 4. v. 996.

[573] Nonni Dionysiaca. l. 41. p. 1068.

Euripides styles the walls of Argos [Greek: Ourania]:

[Greek: 'Ina teichea laïna, Kuklôpei', ourania nemontai.] Troades. v. 1087.

[574] Pausanias. l. 2. p. 146.

[575] Seneca Thyestes. Act. 2. v. 406.

[576] [Greek: Entos de tou Isthmou tês Troizênos homoros estin Hermionê; Oikistên de tês archaias poleôs Hermioneis genesthai phasin Hermiona Eurôpos.] Pausanias. l. 2. p. 191.

[577] Strabo. l. 8. p. 573. It was inhabited by people particularly styled [Greek: Halieis], or men of the sea; who were brought thither by Druops Arcas.

[578] Pausan. l. 2. p. 147. [Greek: Kuklôpôn men estin ergon.] p. 169.

See Strabo. l. 8. p. 572. [Greek: Teichisai dia Kuklôpôn.]

[579] [Greek: Ta teichê ta en Tirunthi--oude onta elattonos thaumatos (tôn Puramidôn).] Pausanias. l. 9. p. 783.

[580] [Greek: Ephexês de têi Naupliai, ta spêlaia, kai hoi en autois oikodomêtoi laburinthoi. Kuklôpeia d' onomazousin.] Strabo. l. 8. p. 567.

[581] Pausanias. l. 4. p. 367.

[582] [Greek: Emoi men oun Aiguption phainetai, kai oudamôs Hellênikon onoma Ôros einai. ktl.] Pausan. l. 2. p. 181.

[583]

[Greek: Kuklôpôn bathra] [Greek: Phoiniki kanoni kai tukois hêrmosmena.] Eurip. Herc. Furens. v. 944.

[584] Strabo. l. 8. p. 572.

[585] Many places were denominated from Aster; such as Asteria, Asterion, Asteris, Astræa, Astarte. See Steph. Byzantinus. [Greek: Asterion, polis Thettalias--hê nun Piresia.] Idem. [Greek: Asteriê, hê Dêlos, kai hê Krêtê, ekaleito.] Hesychius. [Greek: Dêlos Asteriê]. Callimach. H. in Delon. v. 37. and 40. Asteria signifies the island of Aster.

[586] L. 8. p. 572.

[587] Pausanias mentions the apartments of the daughters of Proetus. l. 2. p. 169. But the daughters of Proetus were property the virgins who officiated at the Purait, the young priestesses ot the Deity.

The Sicilian Cyclopes were three, because there were three towers only, erected upon the islands called Cyclopum Scopuli; and that they were lighthouses is apparent from the name which still remains: for they are at this day styled Faraglioni, according to Fazellus. The Cyclopes of Tiryns were seven, as we learn from Strabo; because the towers probably were in number so many. From this circumstance we may presume, that the ideas of the antients concerning the Cyclopians, were taken from the buildings which they erected.

[588] The Cyclopian buildings were also called Ouranian. [Greek: Kuklôpeia t' ourania teichea.] Euripid. Electra. v. 1158.

[589] Both Cuclops, and Cuclopes, was the name of a place. We may, therefore, I think, be pretty well assured, that the Cyclopians were from hence denominated. And as sacred places had their names from the Deity, to whom they were dedicated, it is very probable, that the Cuclopian towers were named from Coelus Ops, the Deity there worshipped: for I have shewn, that this people were the reputed children of Ouranus and Coelus.

[590] Aristoteles de mirabil. auscult. p. 732.

[591] In excerptis apud Sononem. See not. Meursii in Antigonum Carystium. p. 183.

[592] Of the Cyclopians of Thrace see Scholia in Euripid. Orest. v. 966. [Greek: Kuklôpes, Thrakikon ethnos]. Also Scholia in Statii Theb. l. 2. p. 104.

[593] [Greek: para de to hieron tou Kêphissou Medousês lithou pepoiêmenê kephalê. Kuklôpôn phasin einai kai touto ergon.] Pausan. l. 2. p. 156. [Greek: Kêphissos], Doricè [Greek: Kaphissos], vel [Greek: Kaphisos]: from Caph-Isis, Petra Deæ Isidis.

[594] [Greek: Êeliou, hos pant' ephorai kai pant' hupakouei.] Homer. Odyss. l. [Lambda]. v. 108.

[595] Orphic Fragment. 6. v. 19. the same as Phanes, and Dionusus. Frag. 8. v. 2. Schol. ibid.

[596] Hence the stream and lake of Cephisus in Boeotia were styled [Greek: hudata kai limnê Kêphissidos]: by the antient Dorians expressed [Greek: Kaphisidos], from [Greek: Kaph-Isis].

[597] Orphic Hymn. 31. v. 10.

[598] Hymn. 10. v. 10. Metis was the same as Pan.

Meed-Ous whence came [Greek: Medousa], is exactly analogous to Cotinousa, Aithousa, Alphiousa, Ampelousa, Pithecousa, Scotousa, Arginousa, Lampadousa, Amathousa, Ophiousa, Asterousa; and signifies the temple of Metis, or divine wisdom. Aster-Ous was a temple on Mount Caucasus: Amath-Ous, the same in Cyprus: Ampel-Ous, a temple in Mauritania: Alphi-Ous, in Elis: Achor-Ous, in Egypt: all dedicated to the Deity, under different titles.

[599] [Greek: Chasmasi leonteiois ta tôn hierôn thurômata kosmousin (hoi Aiguptioi).] Plutarch. Isis et Osiris. p. 366.

[600] Odyss. [Lambda]. v. 610. It is a term which seems to have puzzled the commentators. [Greek: Charopoi, epiplêktikoi, phoberoi]. Scholiast. Ibid. It was certainly an Amonian term: and the Poet alluded to a Charopian temple.

[Greek: Tês d' ên Treis kephalai, mia men charopoio leontos]. Hesiod. Theogon. v. 321. Homer in another place mentions,

[Greek: Lukôn klangên, charopôn te Leontôn.] Hymn. [Greek: eis Mêtera theôn]. v. 4.

As a lion was from hence styled Charops, so from another temple it was named Charon. [Greek: Charôn ho leôn]. Hesych. Achilles is styled [Greek: Aichmêtês Charôn], Lycoph. v. 260. a martial Charonian Lion.

[601] Pausan. l. 8. p. 696.

[602] Pausan. l. 1. p. 49.

[603] Hesiod. Theogon. v. 141. Scholia Apollon. l. 1. v. 730.

[Greek: Kuklôpes tote Dii men didoasi brontên, kai astrapên, kai keraunon.] Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 4.

[604] See Stephanus. [Greek: Akmonia polis Phrugias ktl.] He styles Acmon [Greek: Akmona ton Maneôs.] Manes was the chief Deity of Lydia, Lycia, and Persis; and the same as Menes of Egypt.

There was a city Acmonia in Thrace. Ptol. l. 5. p. 138.

[605] [Greek: Esti kai allo Akmonion alsos peri Thermadonta.] Steph. Byzant. Apollonius takes notice of [Greek: Alseos Akmonioio.] l. 2. v. 994. Here Mars was supposed to have married Harmonia, the mother of the Amazonians.

[606] Acmonides is represented as a patronymic; but there is reason to think that it is an Amonian compound, Acmon-Ades, Acmon the God of light, the same as Coelus, Cronus, and Osiris. Acmon and Acmonides were certainly the same person: [Greek: Akmôn; Kronus, Ouranos.] Hesych. [Greek: Akmonidês, ho Charôn, kai ho Ouranos]. ibid. He was the Cyclopian God, to whom different departments were given by the mythologists. Charon Cyclops is mentioned by Lycophron. v. 659. above quoted.

[607] Simmiæ Rhodii [Greek: Pterugia]. Theocritus. Heinsii. p. 214.

[608] Callimachi Hymn. in Dianam. v. 146.

[609] [Greek: Daktuloi Idaioi Krêtaees]. Apollonius Rhod. l. 1. v. 1129.

The Scholiast upon this Poet takes notice of only three; of which one was Acmon:

[Greek: Kelmis, Damnameneus te megas, kai huperbios Akmôn,] [Greek: Hoi prôtoi technên polumêtios Hêphaistoio] [Greek: Heuron en oureiêisi napais ioenta sidêron,] [Greek: Es pur t' ênenkan, kai ariprepes ergon edeixan.]

These verses are quoted from the antient author, [Greek: ho tên phorônida suntheis.]

Diodorus Siculus, l. 1. p. 333. says, that some made the Idæi Dactyli ten in number; others an hundred.

[610] Clemens Alexand. Strom. l. 1. p. 401. Strabo. l. 10. p. 725.

[611] Strabo. l. 10. p. 715. They are by Tatianus Assyrius spoken of as the Cyclopes, and the same invention attributed to them. [Greek: Chalkeuein Kuklôpes (edidaxan).] p. 243.

Fabricam ferrariam primi excogitârunt Cyclopes, See Hoffman. Ferrum.

[612] [Greek: Kuklôpes, Thrakikon ethnos, apo Kuklôpos basileôs houtôs onomazomenoi.--pleiones de autôn en têi Kourêtidi; êsan de ARISTOI TECHNITAI.] Schol. in Euripid. Orest. v. 966.

Mention is afterwards made [Greek: tôn ek tês Kourêtidos Kuklôpôn]. The Curetes worshipped Cronus: so that Cronus and Cuclops were the same. See Porphyry de Abstin. l. 2. p. 225.

[613] They are said to have made the altar upon which the Gods were sworn, when the Titans rebelled against Jupiter. Scholiast upon Aratus. p. 52. In memorial of this altar an Asterism was formed in the Sphere, denominated [Greek: bômos], ara.

[614] Virgil Æn. l. 8. v. 424.

[615] Proetides implerunt falsis mugitibus auras. Virgil. Eclog. 6. v. 48.

[616] Herod. l. 7. c. 123.

[Greek: Hê Pallênê Cherronêsos, hê en tôi Isthmôi keitai. hê prin men Potidaia, nun de Kassandreia, Phlegraia de prin ekaleito; ôkoun d' autên hoi muthuomenoi Gigantes, ethnos asebes, kai anomon.] Strabo. Epitome. l. 7. p. 510.

[617] Lycophron. v. 115.

[618] Stephanus places Torone in Thrace, and supposes it to have been named from Torone, who was not the wife, but daughter of Proteus. [Greek: Apo Torônês tês Prôteôs.] Some made her the daughter of Poseidon and Phoenice. See Steph. [Greek: Phlegraia]. There were more towers than one of this name.

[619] [Greek: Pallênian epêlthe Gêgenôn trophon], Lycoph. v. 127.

[620] Lycophron. v. 124.

[621] Eustath. on Dionysius. v. 259.

[622] Herodot. l. 2. c. 112.

[623] [Greek: Prôtea kiklêskô, pontou klêidas echonta.] Orphic Hymn. 24.

[624] Aristides. Oratio Ægyptiaca. v. 3. p. 608.

[625] Stephanus Byzant. [Greek: Pharos.]

[626] Chilias. 2. Hist. 44. p. 31. [Greek: Prôteus phoinikês phinikos pais--peri tên pharon katoikôn.]

[627] Orphic Hymn to Proteus. 24.

[628] Eustath. in Dionys. v. 14.

[Greek: Phrontin Onêtoridên]. Homer. Odyss. [Gamma]. v. 282. See also Hesych.

[629] Æneid. l. 6. v. 556.

[630] Virg. Æneid. l. 6. v. 618.

[631] Stephanus. [Greek: Aithiopia.]

[632] The hieroglyphic was a man with the head of a bull; which had the same reference, as the Apis, and Mneuis of Egypt.

[633] Diodorus Sic. l. 20. p. 756.

[634] Homer. Odyss. [Mu]. v. 222.

[635] Epist. 79.

[636] [Greek: Akousilaos Phorkunos kai Hekatês tên Skullan legei. Stêsikoros de, en têi Skullêi, Lamias tên Skullan phêsi thugatera einai.] Apollonius. Schol. l. 4. v. 828.

[637] Euripides. Cyclops. v. 126.

[638] Odyss. l. [Iota]. v. 389.

[639] Imitated by Mr. Pope.

[640] Ennius translated into Latin the history of Euhemerus, who seems to have been a sensible man, and saw into the base theology of his country. He likewise wrote against it, and from hence made himself many enemies. Strabo treats him as a man devoted to fiction. l. 2. p. 160.

[641] Ex Ennii Historiâ sacrâ, quoted by Lactantius. Divin. Institut. vol. 1. c. 13. p. 59.

[642] [Greek: Messênion Euêmeron]. Strabo. l. 1. p. 81.

[643] Clemens. Cohort. p. 11. Arnobius. l. 5.

[644] [Greek: Dionuson Mainolon orgiasousi Bakchoi, ômophagiai tên hieromanian agontes, kai teliskousi tas kreonomias tôn phonôn anestemmenoi tois ophesin.] Clemens Cohort. p. 11.

[645] Julius Firmicus. p. 14.

[646] Apollon. Rhod. l. 1. v. 636.

[647] Scholia Apollon. l. 1. v. 635.

[648] Porphyry [Greek: peri apochês]. l. 2. p. 224.

[649] Turricolas Lamias, Fauni quas Pompiliique

Instituere Numæ. Lactant. de falsâ Relig. l. 1. c. 22. p. 105.

[650] Homer Odyss. [Kappa]. v. 81.

[651] Ibid. [Kappa]. v. 120.

[652] [Greek: En merei tini tês chôras (tês Sikelias) Kuklôpes, kai Laistrugones, oikêsai.] Thucyd. l. 6. p. 378.

[653] Scholia. v. 956. Leon in Leontium is a translation of Lais ([Hebrew: LWSH]) Leo: Bochart.

[654] Lycoph. above.

[655] Plutarch de Defect. Orac. vol. 1. p. 398.

[Greek: Heteroi de phaisin ek Maliaiôn aphikesthai Lamias thugatera Sibullan.] Clem. Alex. Strom. l. 1. p. 358. Pausanias makes her the daughter of Jupiter and Lamia. l. 10. p. 825.

[656] Clemens Alex. l. 1. p. 358.

[657] See Diodorus. l. 20. p. 778. of the Lamia in Libya, and of her cavern.

[658] Euripides quoted ibid.

[659] Philostratus. Vita Apollon. l. 4. p. 183.

[660] Aristot. Ethic. l. 7. c. 6. p. 118. See Plutarch [Greek: peri polupragmosunês], And Aristoph. Vespæ. Schol. v. 1030.

[661] Horace, l. 3. ode 17.

[662] Virgil Æn. l. 7. v. 1. See Servius.

[663] Strabo. l. 5. p. 357. [Greek: Kolpon Kaiattan. kl.]

[664] Ibid. p. 356.

[665] Silius. l. 8.

[666] De Virgilianâ continentiâ. p. 762. Caiat signified a kind of whip, or thong, probably such was used at Caiate.

[667] Virgil. Æneid. l. 5. v. 873.

[668] See Nonnus. l. 19. p. 320.

[669] V. 653. See Natalis Comes.

[670] L. 4. v. 892.

[671] V. 1269.

[672] Odyss. l. [Mu]. v. 39.

[673] From Mr. Pope's translation.

[674] Callimachi Frag. 184. p. 510.

[675] Apollon. l. 4. v. 828. Scholia. She is said also to have been the daughter of Hecate and Phorcun. Ibid. The daughter of a Deity means the priestess. Phor-Cun signifies Ignis Dominus, the same as Hephastus.

[676] Herodotus. l. 7. c. 90.

[677] [Greek: Kuros ho hêlios.] See Radicals. p. 48.

[678] Strabo. l. 14. p. 1002. the promontory was called Curias [Greek: Kurias akra; eita polis Kourion.]

[679] L. 4. c. 103.

[680] Virgil. Æneid. l. 8. v. 190.

[681] Livy. l. 1. c. 7.

[682] Plutarch. in Amatorio. vol. 2. p. 762.

[683] Lactantius de F. R. l. 1. c. 20. p. 90.

[684] Milton. l. 2. v. 579.

[685] Theoc. Idyl. 17. v. 47.

[686] Aristoph. [Greek: Batrach.] v. 474. So Cocytus is by Claudian described as the river of tears.

---- presso lacrymarum fonte resedit Cocytos. De Rapt. Proserp. l. 1. v. 87.

[687] He makes Metis the same as Athena. H. 31. l. 10.

In another place Metis is styled [Greek: prôtos genetôr]. Frag. 6. v. 19. p. 366.

[688] Ibid. Fragm. 8. p. 373.

[689] Eusebii. Chron. Log. p. 4. l. 42.

[690] [Greek: Hippan kiklêskô Bakchou trophon.] Hymn. 48.

[691] Hymn. 47. v. 4.

[692] Orphic Frag. 43. [Greek: Hê men gar Hippa tou pantos ousa psuchê ktl.] Proclus. ibid. p. 401.

[693] Among the Egyptians, the emblems of which they made use were arbitrary, and very different from the things to which they referred. An eagle, an ox, and a horse, were all used as symbols, but had no real connexion with the things alluded to, nor any the least likeness. The Grecians not considering this were always misled by the type; and never regarded the true history, which was veiled under it.

[694] [Greek: Hippeis.] v. 548.

[695] Pausan. l. 5. p. 414.

[696] Ibid. l. 5. p. 416.

[697] Hesych. [Greek: Hippia.]

[698] Pausan. l. 8. p. 649.

[699] Metam. l. 6. v. 117.

[700] Ibid. l. 2. v. 668.

[701] Virg. Georg. l. 3. v. 92.

[702] Iliad. [Beta]. v. 766. He also mentions the mares of Eresicthon, with which Boreas was supposed to have been enamoured.

[Greek: Taôn kai Boreês êrasseto boskomenaôn,] [Greek: Hippôi d' eisamenos parelexato kuanochaitêi.] [Greek: Hai d' hupokussamenai etekon duokaideka pôlous.] Odyss. [Upsilon]. v. 224.

[703] H. to Apollo. v. 47.

[704] Strabo. l. 17. p. 1188.

[705] Hesych. [Greek: Hippeion].

[706] [Greek: Proïousi de Hippou kaloumenon mnêma estin.--Kiones de hepta, hoi tou mnêmatos toutou diechousin ou polu, kata tropon oimai ton archaion, hous asterôn tôn Planêtôn phasin agalmata.] Pausan. l. 3. p. 262.

[707] They included the moon among the primary planets; not being acquainted with any secondary.

[708] See Steph. Byzant. and Cellarius.

[709] Ovid. Deianira ad Hero. Epist.

[710] Geog. Vet. vol. 2. v. 665. See also Diodorus. l. 4. p. 223. also Strabo Epitome. l. 7. p. 511.

[711] See Radicals. p. 119.

[712] The birds at the lake Stymphalus are described as feeding upon human flesh. [Greek: Logos Ornithas pote androphagous ep' autôi traphênai.] Pausan. l. 8. p. 610. The real history of the place was, that the birds called Stymphalides were a set of Canibal priests.

[713] Glaucus, the son of Sisiphus is said to have been eaten by horses. Palæphatus. p. 58.

[714] P. 54.

[715] Metamorph. l. 8. v. 873.

[716] Josephus calls Egypt Mestra. Antiq. l. 1. c. 6. §. 2. See Radicals, p. 8. Notes.

[717] [Greek: Ho prôtos oikêsas tên Mestraian chôran, êtoi Aigupton, Mestraim.] Euseb. Chron. p. 17.

[718] Herodotus. l. 2 c. 55.

[719] Ovid Metam. l. 5. v. 341. Most temples of old were courts of justice; and the priests were the judges, who there presided.

Ælian. V. H. l. 14. c. 34. [Greek: Dikastai to archaion par' Aiguptiois hoi hiereis êsan.]

[720] Oratio in Verrem. 5. Sect. ultima. vol. 3. p. 291.

[721] Ceres is mentioned by Varro quasi Geres. l. 4. p. 18.

[722] Hesychius. [Greek: Acheirô.]

[723] Repentur in poematiis antiquis, a Pithæo editis, carmen in laudem Solis; quod eum esse Liberum, et Cererem, et Jovem statuit. Huetius. Demonst. Evang. Prop. 4. p. 142.

[724] Coelius. Rhodog. l. 17. c. 27.

[725] Varro speaks of Ceres, as if her name was originally Geres. l. 4. p. 18.

[726] There was a place called Charisia in Arcadia. Pausan. l. 8. p. 603. Charesus, and Charesene, in Phrygia. Charis in Persis, and Parthia. See Treatise upon the Cyclopes.

[727] Pausan. l. 9. p. 781. Nonnus. l. 29. p. 760.

[728] Etymolog. Mag. and Suidas.

[729] [Greek: Chrêsmologoi meteichon tês en tôi Prutaneiôi sitêseôs.]. Aristoph. [Greek: Eirênê]. Scholia, v. 1084.

[730] L. 8. p. 6l6.

[731] L. 5. p. 415.

[732] [Greek: Prutaneia te echousa kai Archontas.] Thucyd. l. 2. p. 107.

[733] [Greek: To de luchnion en Prutaneiôi.] Theocrit. Idyl. 21.

[734] Suidas.

[735] L. 2. p. 107. Others gave another reason. [Greek: Prutaneion ekaleito, epeidê ekei ekathênto hoi Prutaneis, hoi tôn holôn pragmatôn dioikêtai.] Ibid.

[736] Julius Pollux. l. 1. c. 1. p. 7.

[737] [Greek: Prutaneion estin, en hôi nomoi tou Solônos eisi gegrammenoi.] Pausan. l. 1. p. 41.

[738] Plutarch in Solone. p. 92.

[739] L. 41. p. 1152.

[740] L. 8. p. 649. Mount Caucasus was denominated, as is supposed, from a shepherd Caucasus. The women, who officiated in the temple, were styled the daughters of Caucasus, and represented as Furies: by which was meant priestesses of fire.

Caucasi filiæ Furiæ. See Epiphanius Anchorat. p. 90.

[741] Lycophron. Scholia. v. 1225. [Greek: Kai Kallimachos Erinnun kalei Dêmêtra.] Ibid.

Neptune is said to have lain with Ceres, when in the form of a Fury. Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 157. She is said from thence to have conceived the horse Areion.

Lycophron alludes to her cruel rites, when he is speaking of Tantalus, and Pelops.

[Greek: Hou pappon en gamphaisin Hennaia pote] [Greek: Erkun' Erinnus, thouria, xiphêphoros,] [Greek: Asarka mistullous' etumbeusen taphôi.] v. 152.]

[742] Herodotus. l. 7. c. 197.

[743] L. 2 v. 288.

[744] The Sirens and Harpies were persons of the same vocation, and of this the Scholiast upon Lycophron seems to have been apprised. See v. 653.

[745] Harpya, [Greek: Harpuia], was certainly of old a name of a place. The town so called is mentioned to have been near Encheliæ in Illyria. Here was an Amonian Petra of Cadmus, and Harmonia.

[746] [Greek: Tituôi enalinkios anêr.] Theocrit. Idyl. 22. v. 94.

[747] Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.

[748] [Greek: Kerkuon] is compounded of Ker-Cuon, and signifies the temple of the Deity.

[749] L. 1. p. 94.

[750] Ovid. Ibis. v. 411.

[751] Anacharsis. vol. 2. p. 388. [Greek: Gumnasion huph' hêmôn onomazetai, kai estin hieron Apollônos Lukiou.]

[752] [Greek: Kai ho topos houtos palaistra kai es eme ekaleito oligon pou taphou tês Alopês apechôn.] Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.

That very antient temple of Pan on Mount Lycæum in Arcadia had a Gymnasium in a grove. [Greek: Esti en tôi Lukaiôi Panos te Hieron, kai peri auto alsos dendrôn, kai Hippodromos te, kai pro autou stadion.] Pausan. l. 8. p. 678.

[753] I have mentioned, that Torone was a temple of the Sun, and also [Greek: phlegraia], by which was meant a place of fire, and a light-house. This is not merely theory: for the very tower may be seen upon coins, where it is represented as a Pharos with a blaze of fire at the top. See vol. 2. page 118.

[754] Plutarch. Theseus, p. 6.

[755] Chron. Logos. p. 31. He was also named Asterus, Asterion, and Asterius. Lycoph. v. 1299. Schol. and Etymolog. Mag. Minois. Asterius was represented as the son of Anac. [Greek: Asteriou tou Anaktos]. Pausan. l. 7. p. 524. [Greek: Andreiai tous apothanontas hupo Thêseôs huperebalen ho Asteriôn (ho Minô)] Pausan. l. 2. p. 183.

[756] Pausan. l. 1. p. 94.

[757] Diodorus explains farther the character of this personage, [Greek: ton palaionta tois pariousi, kai ton hêttêthenta diaphtheironta]. l. 4 p. 226.

[758] Diodorus Sic. l. 4. p. 225, and 233.

[759] [Greek: Ideôs ton Antaion phêsi tôn XENÔN tôn hêttêmenôn TOIS KRANIOIS erephein ton tou Poseidônos naon.] Pindar. Isth. Ode 4. Scholia. p. 458. See Diodorus concerning Antæus [Greek: sunanankazonta tous xenous diapalaiein.] l. 4. p. 233.

[760] V. 866, and Scholia.

[761] Diodorus Sic. l. 4. p. 263.

[762] Hercules Furens. v. 391.

[763] Pindar. Olymp. Ode 10. p. 97. Scholia. from the Cygnus of Stesichorus.

[764] Euripides. Orestes. v. 1648. Schol. Lycaon was a Deity, and his priests were styled Lycaonidæ. He was the same as Jupiter Lycæus, and Lucetius: the same also as Apollo.

[765] Pausan. l. 8. p. 600.

[766] Odyss. l. [Phi]. v. 307.

[767] [Greek: Mnêsomai, oude lathoimi Apollônos Ekatoio]. Homer. [Eta]. to Apollo. v. 1.

[Greek: Eu eidôs agoreue theopropias Hekatoio.] Iliad. [Alpha]. v. 385.

[Greek: Artemis iocheaira, kasignêtê Hekatoio.] Iliad. [Upsilon]. v. 71.

[768] Odyss. [Sigma]. v. 83.