Part 27

[960] [Greek: Ouk einai mathein poteron Dareiou patêr, eite kai allos k l.] He owns, that he could not find out, when Zoroaster lived. [Greek: Hopênika men (ho Zôroastrês) êchmase tên archên, kai tous nomous etheto, ouk enesti saphôs diagnônai.] l. 2. p. 62.

[961] Pliny. l. 30. c. 1.

[962] Huetii Demons. Evan. Prop. 4. p. 88. 89.

[963] See Huetius ibid.

[964] [Greek: Astronomian prôtoi Babulônioi epheuron dia Zôroastrou, meth' hon Ostanês;--aph' hôn Aiguptioi kai Hellênes edexanto.] Anon. apud Suidam. [Greek: Astron.]

[965] Primus dicitur magicas artes invenisse. Justin. l. 1. c. 1.

[966] Diog. Laertius Prooem. p. 6.

[967] [Greek: Tên Mageian tên Zôroastrou tou Ôromazou.] Plato in Alcibiade l. 1. p. 122.

Agathias calls him the son of Oromasdes. l. 2. p. 62.

[968] Pliny. l. 7. c. 16. Risit eodem, quo natus est, die. See Lord's account of the modern Persees in India. c. 3. It is by them said, that he laughed as soon as he came into the world.

[969] Hermippus apud Plinium. l. 30. c. 1.

[970] Dio. Chrysostom. Oratio Borysthenica. 38. Fol. 448. Euseb. Præp. l. 1. p. 42. See also Agathias just mentioned.

[971] [Greek: Thuein euktaia kai charistêria.] Plutarch Is. et Osir. p. 369.

[972] Primus dicitur artes magicas invenisse, et mundi principia, siderumque motus diligentissime spectâsse. Justin. l. 1. c. 1.

[973] [Greek: Zaradês; dittê gar ep' autôi epônumia.] Agath. l. 2. p. 62.

[974] [Greek: Zarêtis, Artemis, Persai.] Hesych.

Zar-Ades signifies the Lord of light: Zar-Atis and Atish, the Lord of fire.

[975] L. 1. c. 5. p. 16. Of the title Zar-Ovanus, I shall treat hereafter.

[976] Plutarch. Is. et Osiris. p. 369.

[977] See Agathias. l. 2. p. 62.

[978] Plutarch says, that Zoroaster lived five thousand years before the Trojan war. Plutarch above.

[979] [Greek: Houtos (ho Theos) estin ho prôtos, aphthartos, aïdios, agennêtos, amerês, anomoiotatos, hêniochos pantos kalou, adôrodokêtos, agathôn agathôtatos, phronimôn phronimôtatos. Esti de kai patêr eunomias, kai dikaiosunês, autodidaktos, phusikos, kai teleios, kai sophos, kai hierou phusikou monos heuretês.] Euseb. P. E. l. 1. p. 42.

[980] Clemens. l. 5. p. 711.

[981] [Greek: En haidê genomenos edaên para Theôn.] Ibid.

[982] Dion. Chrysostom. Oratio Borysthenica. p. 448.

[983] Hyde. p. 312.

[984] Abulfeda. vol. 3. p. 58. See Hyde. p. 312.

[985] Hesych. [Greek: Magon.]

[986] Suidas. [Greek: Magoi.]

[987] Oratio Borysthen. p. 449.

[Greek: Magoi, hoi peri to theion sophoi.] Porph. de Abst. l. 4. p. 398.

Apuleius styles Magia--Diis immortalibus acceptam, colendi eos ac venerandi pergnaram, piam scilicet et diviniscientem, jam inde a Zoroastre Oromazi, nobili Cælitum antistite. Apol. 1. p. 447. so it should be read. See Apuleii Florida. c. 15. p. 793. l. 3.

[Greek: Tous de Magous peri te therapeias theôn diatribein kl.] Cleitarchus apud Laertium. Prooem. p. 5.

[988] Diodorus Sic. l. 2. p. 94.

[989] Marcellinus. l. 23. p. 288.

[990] Ibidem. It should be Regis prudentissimi; for Hystaspes was no king.

[991] Rerum Franc. l. 1. He adds, Ab hoc etiam ignem adorare consueti, ipsum divinitus igne consumptum, ut Deum colunt.

[992] [Greek: Astron zôon]. Clemens Recognit. l. 4. c. 28. p. 546. Greg. Turonensis supra. Some have interpreted the name [Greek: astrothutês.]

[993] [Greek: Prosagoreuousi kai Surion]. Pr. Evan. l. 1. p. 27. Some would change it to [Greek: Seirion]: but they are both of the same purport; and indeed the same term differently expressed. Persæ [Greek: Surê] Deum vocant. Lilius Gyrald. Synt. 1. p. 5.

[994] Joshua. c. 15. v. 58.

[995] 1 Maccab. c. 4. v. 61. called Beth-Zur. 2 Chron. c. 11. v. 7. There was an antient city Sour, in Syria, near Sidon. Judith. c. 2. v. 28. it retains its name at this day.

[996] [Greek: Bêthsour]. Antiq. l. 8. c. 10.

The Sun was termed Sehor, by the sons of Ham, rendered Sour, Surius, [Greek: Seirios] by other nations.

[Greek: Seirios, ho Hêlios]. Hesych. [Greek: Seirios onoma asteros, ê ho Hêlios.] Phavorinus.

[997] [Greek: Bedsour--esti nun kômê Bethsorôn]. In Onomastico.

[998] Bethsur est hodie Bethsoron. In locis Hebræis.

[999] Lilius Gyraldus Syntag. 13. p. 402.

[1000] Jovi. O. M. et Deæ Suriæ: Gruter. p. 5. n. 1.

D. M. SYRIÆ sacrum. Patinus. p. 183.

[1001] Apud Brigantas in Northumbriâ. Camden's Britannia. p. 1071.

[1002] See Radicals. p. 42. of Zon.

[1003] Chron. Paschale. p. 43. Servius upon Virg. Æneid. l. 6. v. 14.

[1004] Lycophron. v. 1301.

[1005] Zor and Taur, among the Amonians, had sometimes the same meaning.

[1006] See the engraving of the Mneuis, called by Herodotus the bull of Mycerinus. Herod. l. 2. c. 130. Editio Wesseling. et Gronov.

[1007] See the Plates annexed, which are copied from Kæmpfer's Amoenitates Exoticæ. p. 312. Le Bruyn. Plate 158. Hyde. Relig. Vet. Pers. Tab. 6. See also plate 2. and plate 4. 5. vol. 1. of this work. They were all originally taken from the noble ruins at Istachar, and Naki Rustan in Persia.

[1008] Huetii Prop. 4. p. 92.

Lord, in his account of the Persees, says, that Zertoost (so he expresses the name) was conveyed by an Angel, and saw the Deity in a vision, who appeared like a bright light, or flame. Account of the Persees. c. 3.

[1009] See Stanley's Chaldaic Philos. p. 7. and p. 11. They were by Damascius styled [Greek: Zônoi] and [Greek: Azônoi]: both terms of the same purport, though distinguished by persons who did not know their purport.

[1010] See Plates annexed.

[1011] Martianus Capella. l. 1. c. 17. Ex cunctis igitur Coeli regionibus advocatis Diis, cæteri, quos Azonos vocant, ipso commonente Cyllenio, convocantur. Psellus styles them [Greek: Azônoi], and [Greek: Zônaioi]. See Scholia upon the Chaldaic Oracles.

[1012] Arnobius. l. 1. p. 31.

[1013] The Sun was styled both Zon, and Azon; Zan and Azan: so Dercetis was called Atargatis: Neith of Egypt, Aneith. The same was to be observed in places. Zelis was called Azilis: Saba, Azaba: Stura, Astura: Puglia, Apuglia: Busus, Ebusus: Damasec, Adamasec. Azon was therefore the same as Zon; and Azon Nakis may be interpreted Sol Rex, vel Dominus.

[1014] Antholog. l. 3. p. 269.

[1015] See Huetius. Demons. Evang. prop. 4. p. 129.

[1016] In Theolog. Platonis. l. 1. c. 4.

[1017]

[Greek: Oude ti pharmakon] [Greek: Thrêssais en sanisi,] [Greek: Tas Orpheiê kategrapse gêrus.] Alcestis. v. 968.

[1018] Plato de Repub. l. 2. p. 364.

[1019] Lactant. de F. R. l. 1. p. 105.

[1020] Scholia in Alcestin. v. 968.

Concerning Orpheus, see Diodorus. l. 1. p. 86. Aristoph. Ranæ. v. 1064. Euseb. P. E. lib. 10. p. 469.

[1021] L. 22. See Natalis comes. l. 7. p. 401.

[1022] L. 9. p. 768.

[1023] V. 41.

[1024] Ibid. v. 99.

[1025] L. 6. p. 505.

[1026] Apollon. Rhod. l. 1. v. 23.

[1027] Scholia. ibid.

[1028] Natalis Comes. l. 7. p. 400.

[1029] De Repub. l. 2. p. 364. Musæus is likewise, by the Scholiast upon Aristophanes, styled [Greek: huios Selênês]. Ranæ. v. 106. Schol.

[1030] Lucian. Astrologus.

[1031] See Lilius Gyraldus de Poetarum Hist. Dialog. 2. p. 73. [Greek: Orpheus, phormiktas aoidan patêr.] Pindar. Pyth. Ode. 4. p. 253.

[1032] Clementis Cohort. p. 12. Diog. Laert. Prooem. p. 3. Herodotus. l. 2. c. 49. Diodorus. l. 1. p. 87. l. 3. p. 300. Apollodorus. l. 1. p. 7.

[1033] Linus was the son of Apollo and Calliope. See Suidas, [Greek: Linos].

[1034] There were, in like manner, different places where he was supposed to have been buried.

[1035] Prooem. p. 5. Antholog. l. 3. p. 270. In like manner Zoroaster was said to have been slain by lightning.

[1036] Suidas, [Greek: Orpheus].

[1037] Tzetzes makes him live one hundred years before the war of Troy. Hist. 399. Chil. 12.

[1038] [Greek: Orpheus.]

[1039] Vossius de Arte Poet. c. 13. p. 78.

[1040] Cicero de Nat. Deor. l. 1. c. 38. See also Ælian. Var. Hist. l. 8. c. 6.

[1041] C. 24. p. 84.

[1042] Through the whole of this I am obliged to dissent from a person of great erudition, the late celebrated Professor I. M. Gesner, of Gottingen: to whom, however, I am greatly indebted, and particularly for his curious edition of the Orphic poems, published at Leipsick, 1764.

[1043] All the Orphic rites were confessedly from Egypt. Diodorus above. See Lucian's Astrologus.

[1044] Suidas.

[1045] Maximus Tyrius. c. 37. p. 441.

[1046] Scholia upon the Hecuba of Euripides. v. 1267. See also the Alcestis. v. 968.

[1047] Plato de Repub. l. 10. p. 620.

[1048] Diodorus. l. 4. p. 282. The history of Aristæus is nearly a parody of the histories of Orpheus and Cadmus.

[1049] Ovid. Metamorph. l. 10. v. 81. The like mentioned of the Cadmians. See Æschylus. [Greek: Hept' epi Thêbais.] Prooem. Ælian. Var. Hist. l. 13. c. 5.

[1050] Hecatæus apud Steph. Byzant. [Greek: Lêmnos.] The first inhabitants are said to have been Thracians, styled [Greek: Sinties kai Sapaioi]; the chief cities Myrina, and Hephaistia.

[1051] Philostrati Heroica. p. 677. [Greek: en koilêi tê gêi chrêsmôdei.]

[1052] Steph Byz. [Greek: Chaldaios.]

[1053] Pocock's Travels. vol. 2. p. 159.

[1054] Pausan. l. 6. p. 505.

[1055] See Huetii Demonst. Evang. pr. 4. p. 129.

[1056]

[Greek: Stiktous d' hêmaxanto brachionas, amphi melainê] [Greek: Deuomenai spodiê thrêikion plokamon.] Antholog. l. 3. p. 270.

[1057] Servius in Virgil. eclog. 8. See Salmasius upon Solinus. p. 425.

[1058] [Greek: Peri tên pentêkostên Olumpiada.] Tatianus. Assyr. p. 275. These were the Orphic hymns, which were sung by the Lycomedæ at Athens.

[1059] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 322.

[1060]

[Greek: Aiguptiou Dionusou] [Greek: Mustidos ennuchias teletas edidaxeto technês.] Nonnus. Dionus. l. 4. p. 128.

There will be found in some circumstances a great resemblance between Cadmus and Orpheus.

[1061] [Greek: Hoi de Phoinikes houtoi hoi sun Kadmôi apikomenoi--eisêgagon didaskalia es tous Hellênas, kai dê kai grammata, ouk eonta prin Hellêsin.] Herod. l. 5. c. 58.

Literas--in Greciam intulisse e Phoenice Cadmum, sedecim numero. Pliny. l. 7. c. 56.

[1062] Plutarch. De genio Socratis. vol. 1. p. 578.

[1063] Plutarch. above.

[1064]

[Greek: Ho men dê heis tôn tripodôn epigramma echei,] [Greek: Amphitruôn m' anethêken eôn apo Têleboaôn.] [Greek: Tauta hêlikiên an eiê kata Laïon ton Labdakou.] Herod. l. 5. c. 59.

[1065] Pausanias. l. 8. p. 628.

[1066] He is said to have introduced [Greek: Dionusiakên, teletourgian, phallêphorian]

[1067] Diodorus Sicul. l. 1. p. 20.

[1068] Cadmum Pherecydes. l. iv. Historiarum ex Agenore et Argiope, Nili fluvii filiâ natum esse tradidit. Natalis Comes. l. 8. c. 23. p. 481. There are various genealogies of this personage. [Greek: Libuês tês Epaphou kai Poseidônos, Agênôr kai Bêlos. Agênôros kai Antiopês tês Bêlou Kadmos.] Scholia Euripid. Phoeniss. v. 5.

[Greek: Pherekudês de en d houtô phêsin. Agênôr de ho Poseidônos gamei Damnô tên Bêlou; tôn de ginontai Phoinix kai Isaia, hên ischei Aiguptos, kai Melia, hên ischei Danaos. epeita enischei Agênôr Argiopên tên Neilou tou potamou; tou de ginetai Kadmos.] Apollon. Scholia. l. 3. v. 1185.

[1069] Dionusiac. l. 4. p. 126.

[1070] V. 1206. The Poet calls the Thebans of Boeotia, [Greek: Ôgugou spartos leôs.]

[1071] Nonnus, l. 4. p. 126.

[1072] Euseb. Chron. p. 27. and Syncellus. p. 152.

[1073] See Pausan. l. 9. p. 734.

[1074] [Greek: Phoinix kai Kadmos, apo Thêbôn tôn Aiguptiôn exelthontes eis tên Surian ktl.] Euseb. Chron. p. 27.

[1075] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 329.

[1076] [Greek: Kadmos--prosesche tên Thêran.] Herod. l. 4. c. 147.

[1077] Conon apud Photium. p. 443. and Scholia Dionysii. v. 517. [Greek: Eiche de hieron Hêrakleous hê Thasos, hupo tôn autôn Phoinikôn hidruthen, hoi pleusantes kata zêtêsin tês Eurôpês tên Thason ektisan.]

[1078] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 323.

[1079] Nonnus. l. 3. p. 86. Priene in Ionia called Cadmia. Strabo. l. 14. p. 943.

[1080] Lycophron. v. 219.

[1081] Steph. Byzant.

[1082] Nonnus. p. 86.

[1083] Auri metalla et conflaturam Cadmus Phoenix (invenit) ad Pangæum montem. Plin. l. 7. c. 56. [Greek: Kadmos, kai Têlephassa en Thrakêi katôkêsan.] Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 130.

[1084] Plin. l. 34. c. 10. Hygin. f. 274.

[1085] Strabo. l. 14. p. 998.

[1086] Ibid. l. 10. p. 685.

[1087] Pausanias. l. 3. p. 245.

[1088] Herodotus. l. 5. c. 61.

[1089] Cedrenus. p. 23.

[1090] Apollodorus. l. 3. p. 143. Pausan. l. 9. p. 719.

[1091] Stephanus Byzantin.

[1092] Thucydid. l. 1. c. 5, 6.

[1093]

[Greek: Para Tritônidi limnêi] [Greek: Harmoniê parelekto rhodôpidi Kadmos alêtês.] Nonnus. l. 13. p. 372.

Diodorus says that he married her in Samothracia. l. 5. p. 323.

[1094] Nonnus. l. 13. p. 372.

[1095] Nonnus. l. 13. p. 370.

[1096] Stephanus Byzant. The Carthaginians are by Silius Italicus styled Cadmeans.

Sacri cum perfida pacti Gens Cadmea super regno certamina movit. l. 1. v. 5.

[1097] L. 1. c. 9, 10. p. 26. l. 2. c. 4. p. 87.

[1098] Moses Choren. l. 1. c. 9. p. 26. There was a city Cadmea in Cilicia. [Greek: Kadmeia ektisthê kai Sidê en Kilikia.] Eusebii Chron. p. 30. l. 23.

[1099] Stephanus Byzant. Some think that this is a mistake for [Greek: Kalchêdôn], Chalcedon. But Chalcedon was not in Armenia, nor in its vicinity.

[1100] Cadmus was coeval with Dardanus. He was in Samothrace before the foundation of Troy. Diodorus Sicul. l. 5. p. 323. Yet he is said to be contemporary with the Argonauts: Clemens Alexandrinus Strom. l. 1. p. 382. and posterior to Tiresias, who was in the time of Epigonoi. Yet Tiresias is said to have prophesied of Cadmus, and his offspring.

[Greek: polla de Kadmôi] [Greek: Chrêsei, kai megalois hustera Labdakidais] Callimachi Lavacra Palladis. v. 125.

The son of Cadmus is supposed to have lived at the time of the Trojan war: Lycophron. v. 217. and Scholia. His daughter Semele is said to have been sixteen hundred years before Herodotus, by that writer's own account. l. 2 c. 145. She was at this rate prior to the foundation of Argos; and many centuries before her father; near a thousand years before her brother.

[1101] See Excerpta ex Diodori. l. xl. apud Photium. p. 1152. concerning the different nations in Egypt, and of their migrations from that country.

[1102] Diana says to her father Jupiter,

[Greek: Dos moi partheniên aiônion, Appa, phulaxai,] [Greek: Kai poluônumiên]. Callim. H. in Dianam. v. 6.

[Greek: Pantas ep' anthrôpous epeiê poluônumos estin]. Homer. [Eta]. in Apoll. v. 82.

[Greek: Pollê men anthrôpoisi k' ouk anônumos] [Greek: Thea keklêmai Kupris]. Eurip. Hippolytus. v. 1.

The Egyptian Deities had many titles.

ISIDI. MYRIONYMÆ. Gruter. lxxxiii. n. 11.

[1103] Lycophron. v. 219.

[1104] Scholia. ibid.

[1105] Lycophron. Schol. v. 162.

[1106] Vetus Auctor apud Phavorinum.

[1107] Nonnus. l. 41. p. 1070. Harmonia, by the Scholiast upon Apollonius, is styled [Greek: Numphê Naïs] l. 2. v. 992. The marriage of Cadmus and Harmonia is said to be only a parody of the marriage of Peleus and Thetis. Diodorus. l. 5. p. 323.

[1108] Nonnus. l. 41. p. 1068.

[1109] Oraculum Apollinis Sminthei apud Lactantium, D. I. l. 1. c. 8. p. 32. She is styled the mother of the Amazons. Steph. Byzant. [Greek: Akmonia.]

[1110] Nonnus. l. 12. p. 328.

[1111] Ibid.

[1112] Nonnus. l. 12. p. 328.

[1113] Plutarch. Sympos. l. 9. quæst. 13. p. 738.

[1114] Philo apud Euseb. P. E. l. 1. p. 31.

[1115] Judges. c. 3 v. 3. Hermon was particularly worshipped about Libanus, and Antilibanus, where was the country of the Cadmonites, and Syrian Hivites.

[1116] Lucian de Syriâ Deâ. p. 6.

[1117] Apud Proclum in Timæum. p. 121. See Orpheus. Fragm. p. 403.

[1118] Pyth. Ode 4. p. 237.

[1119] Herodotus. l. 1. c. 173.

[1120] Og, Ogus, Ogenus, Ogugus, [Greek: Ôgugês, Ôgenidai], all relate to the ocean.

[1121] [Greek: Anôterô de tou Ismeniou tên krênên idois an, hêntina Areôs phasin hieran einai, kai drakonta hupo tou Areôs epitetachthai phulaka têi pêgêi; pros tautê têi krênêi taphos esti Kaanthou; Melias de adelphon, kai Ôkeanou paida einai Kaanthon legousin stalênai de hupo tou patros zêtêsanta hêrpasmenên tên adelphên ktl]. Pausan. l. 9. p. 730.

[1122] Dicitur Europa fuisse Agenoris Phoenicum Regis, et Meliæ Nymphæ, filia. Natalis Comes. l. 8. p. 481.

[1123] So Phlegyas was said to have fired the temple of Apollo at Delphi. Euseb. Chron. p. 27. Apud Delphos templum Apollinis incendit Phlegyas. Lutatius Placidus upon Statius. Thebaid. l. 1. v. 703. But Phlegyas was the Deity of fire, prior to Apollo and his temple. Apollo is said to have married Coronis the daughter of Phlegyas. Hyginus. f. 161. and by her he had a son Delphus, from whom Delphi had its name. ibid. See Pausan. l. 10. p. 811. The mythologists have made Apollo slay Caanthus: but Caanthus, Cunthus, Cunæthus, were all titles of the same Deity called Chan-Thoth in Egypt.

[1124] Diodorus Siculus. l. 5. p. 331.

[1125] Solinus. l. 17.

[1126] Pausanias. l. 3. p. 245.

[1127] Palæphatus. p. 22.

[1128] Dionysiaca. l. 1. p. 42. l. 1. p. 38.

[1129] Strabo. l. 12. p. 867.

[1130] See Radicals. p. 95.

[1131] Places sacred to the Sun had the name of Achad, and Achor. Nisibis was so called. _In Achor, quæ est Nisibis_. Ephraimus Syrus. _Et in Achad, quæ nunc dicitur Nisibis_. Hieron. See Geograph. Hebræor. Extera. p. 227. of the learned Michaelis.

The Deity, called Achor, and Achad, seems to be alluded to by Isaiah. c. 65. v. 10. and c. 66. v. 17. Achad well known in Syria: Selden de Diis Syris. c. 6. p. 105.

[1132] Hoffman--Academia. Hornius. Hist. Philos. l. 7.

[1133] [Greek: Kai sphi Hira esti en Athênêisi hidrumena, tôn ouden meta toisi loipoisi Athênaioisi, alla te kechôrismena tôn allôn Hirôn; kai dê kai Achaiïês Dêmêtros Hiron te kai orgia]. Herod. l. 5. c. 61.

[1134] Pausanias. l. 1. p. 71.

[1135] Diog. Laertius. l. 3. § 6. Hornius says, Academia a Cadmo nomen accepit, non ab Ecademo. l. 7. c. 3. but Ecademus, and Cadmus, were undoubtedly the same person. Harpocration thinks that it took its name from the person, who first consecrated it. [Greek: Apo tou Kathierôsantos Akadêmou.]

[Greek: Hê men Akadêmia apo Hêrôos tinos Akadêmou ktisantos ton topon.] Ulpian upon Demosthen. contra Timocratem.

[1136] Eupolis Comicus: [Greek: en Astroteutois] apud Laërtium in Vitâ Platonis. l. 3. §. 7.

[1137] [Greek: Ên gar gumnasion apo Akadêmou--peri auton de êsan hai ontôs hierai Elaiai tês Theou, hai kalountai Moriai.] Schol. upon Aristoph. [Greek: Nephelai]. v. 1001.

[1138] Ælian. Var. Hist. l. 3. c. 35.

[1139] [Greek: To de chôrion ho Keramikos to men onoma echei apo Hêrôos Keramou; Dionusou te einai kai Ariadnês.] Pausan. l. 1. p. 8.

[1140] Gruter. Inscrip. p. 57. n. 13.

[1141] Pausan. l. 9. p. 779.

[1142] Athenæus. l. 11. p. 480.

[1143] Pliny. l. 5. c. 29.

[1144] Plutarch. Sympos. l. ix. c. 3. p. 738. Alpha likewise signified a leader: but I imagine, that this was a secondary sense of the word. As Alpha was a leading letter in the alphabet, it was conferred as a title upon any person who took the lead, and stood foremost upon any emergency.

[1145] Pausan. l. 9. p. 733.

[1146] Scholia in Aristoph. [Greek: Batrach.] v. 1256.

[1147] Herodot. l. 3. c. 28.

[1148]

[Greek: Aiguptiou Dionusou] [Greek: Euia phoitêtêros Osiridos Orgia phainôn.] l. 4. p. 126.

[1149]

[Greek: Patridos astu polisson *** ] [Greek: ** barugounon heon pod* **.] Nonnus l. 4. p. 130*.

[1150] L. 4. p. 128.

[1151] Vossius de Idol. vol.3. Comment. in Rabbi M. Maimonidem de Sacrificiis. p. 76.

[1152] Justin Martyr. 1. Apolog. p. 60.

See Radicals. p. 59.

[1153] Europa was the same as Rhea, and Astarte. Lucian. Dea Syria.

[1154] Hence Nonnus alluding to the Tauric oracle, which Cadmus followed, calls it Assyrian: by this is meant Babylonian; for Babylonia was in aftertimes esteemed a portion of Assyria.

[Greek: Assuriên d' apoeipe teês hêgêtora pompês.] l. 4. p. 128.

[1155] Eusebius. P. E. l. 1. c. 10. p. 40.

[1156] Appian de Bello Syriac. p. 125.

Stephanus. Oropus.

[1157] Pliny. l. 5. c. 25.

[1158] Isidorus Characenus, apud Georgr. Vet. v. 2.

[1159] Clemens Alexand. l. 5. p. 680.

[1160] See D'Anville's Map of Syria.

[1161] Bochart Geog. Sacra. l. 4. p. 305.

[1162] Judges. c. 3. v. 1, 3.

[1163] Genesis. c. 10. v. 17.

[1164] Joshua. c.9. v. 3. and 7.

[1165] Joshua. c. 15. v. 9. and c. 18. v. 25, 26.

[1166] Eusebii. Chron. p. 27.

[1167] Cadmus is called [Greek: Kadmôn]. Steph. Byzant. [Greek: Illuria]. Berkelius has altered it to [Greek: Kadmos], though he confesses, that it is contrary to the evidence of every Edition and MSS.

[1168] Concerning Hivite Colonies, see backward. vol. 2. p. 207.

[1169] Diodorus Sic. l. 5. p. 327. 329.

[1170] Ibid.

[1171] Pausanias. l. 1. p. 83.

There was Oropia as well as Elopia in Euboea. Steph. Byzant. Oropus in Macedonia. Ibid. Also in Syria: Orobii Transpadani. Europus near Mount Hæmus. Ptolemy. Europa in Epirus. Ibid.

[1172] Strabo. l. 9. p. 619.

[1173] Suidas. Epaminondas.

[1174] Pausanias. l. 10. p. 863.

[1175] Both Menelaus and Agamemnon were antient titles of the chief Deity. The latter is supposed to have been the same as Zeus, Æther, and Coelus. He seems to have been worshipped under the symbol of a serpent with three heads. Hence Homer has given to his hero of this name a serpent for a device, both upon his breastplate, and upon his baldrick.

[Greek: Tês d' ex argureos telamôn ên, autar ep' autôi] [Greek: Kuaneos elelikto drakôn; kephalai de hoi êsan] [Greek: Treis amphistephees, henos auchenos ekpephuuiai.] Iliad. [Lambda]. v. 38.

[1176] Pausanias. l. 1. p. 40. Strabo. l. 7. p. 499.

Aornon, and an oracular temple in Thesprotia. Pausanias. l. 9. p. 768.

[1177] [Greek: Kai en Aiguptôi Akanthos, Memphidos apechousa stadious triakosious eikosi;--esti de hê Athamanias.] Steph. Byzant.

[1178] [Greek: Eita meta touton eisin OREITAI legomenoi.] Dicæarchus. Geog. Vet. vol. 2. p. 3. v. 45.

[1179] L. 2. c. 57, 58.

[1180] [Greek: Kata Bouthrôton Phoinikê.] Strabo. l. 7. p. 499. It was a place of great note. Polybius. l. 1. p. 94, 95.

[1181] Cæsar de Bello Civili. l. 3. c. 6.

[1182] Lucan. l. 5. v. 458.

[1183] [Greek: Komaras.] Strabo. l. 7. p. 500. The same observable in India-Petra Aornon near Comar. Arrian. Exped. p. 191. and Indic. p. 319.

[1184] Steph. Byzant.

[1185] [Greek: Tekmôn polis Thesprôtôn.] Steph. Byzant. See T. Livius. l. 45. c. 26.

[1186] 2 Samuel. c. 23. v. 8. In our version rendered the Tachmonite, chief among the captains.

[1187] Victoria ad Comum parta. T. Livius. l. 33. c. 36.

[1188] Gurtler. l. 2. p. 597.

[1189] Also a city Conope, by Stephanus placed in Acarnania.

[1190] Antoninus Liberalis. c. 12. p. 70. A city Conopium was also to be found upon the Palus Mæotis. Steph. Byzant.

[1191] Plin. l. 3. c. 16. The Cadmians of Liguria came last from Attica and Boeotia: hence we find a river Eridanus in these parts, as well as in the former country. [Greek: Potamoi de Athênaiois rheousin Heilissos te, kai Êridanôi tôi Keltikôi kata auta onoma echôn. k. l.] Pausan. l. 1. p. 45.

[1192] Vol. 1. p. 376.

[1193] Lucan. l. 3. v. 187. The same is mentioned by the poet Dionysius.

[Greek: Keinon d au peri kolpon idois perikudea tumbon,] [Greek: Tumbon, hon Harmoniês, Kadmoio te phêmis enispei,] [Greek: Keithe gar eis Ophiôn skolion genos êllaxanto.] v. 390.

[1194] Geog. Vet. vol. 1. p. 9. Here were [Greek: Petrai Plagtai].

[1195] Nonni Dionys. l. 44. p. 1144.

[1196] Nonnus. l. 25. p. 646.

[1197] [Greek: Laineên poiêse korussomenên Ariadnên.] Nonnus. l. 44. p. 1242.

[1198] Pausan. l. 9. p. 743.

[1199] See Goltius, Vaillant, and Suidas, [Greek: Hêraklês].

[1200] [Greek: ---- lithois chôrion periechomenon logasin Opheôs kalousin hoi Thêbaioi kephalên.] Pausan. l. 9. p. 747.

[1201] Pausan. l. 7. p. 579.

[1202] [Greek: Timas theôn anti agalmatôn eichon argoi lithoi.] Ibid.

[1203] [Greek: Kadmos Phoinix lithotomian exeure, kai metalla chrusou ta peri to Pankaion epenoêsen oros.] Clemens. Strom. l. 1. p. 363. See Natalis Comes of Cadmus.