Part 16

SHACKLE, shak'l, _n._ a curved bar, as of iron: a link or staple: a link securing two ankle-rings or two wrist-rings together, and so (_pl._) fetters, manacles: a hinderance.--_v.t._ to fetter: to tie the limbs of: to confine.--_ns._ SHACK'LE-BOLT, a bolt having a shackle on the end: (_her._) a bearing representing a fetlock for hobbling a horse; SHACK'LE-JOINT, a peculiar kind of articulation seen in the exoskeleton of some fishes. [A.S. _sceacul_, _scacul_, a shackle--_sceacan_, to shake; cog. with Old Dut. _schakel_, a link of a chain, Ice. _skökull_, the pole of a cart.]

SHAD, shad, _n._ a fish of the herring kind, but having the upper jaw deeply notched, and ascending rivers to spawn.--_adj._ SHAD'-BELL'IED, flat-bellied--opp. to _Pot-bellied_: sloping away gradually in front, cut away.--_ns._ SHAD'-BIRD, the common American snipe: the sandpiper; SHAD'-BUSH, the June-berry or service-berry; SHAD'-FLY, a May-fly; SHAD'-FROG, a large and very agile American frog; SHAD'-WAIT'ER, the pilot-fish or round-fish. [A.S. _sceadda_.]

SHADDOCK, shad'ok, _n._ a tree of the same genus as the orange, having larger leaves, flowers, and fruit. [Named from Captain _Shaddock_, who introduced it to the West Indies from China about 1810.]

SHADE, sh[=a]d, _n._ partial darkness: interception of light: obscurity: a shady place: protection: shelter: a screen: degree of colour: a very minute change: (_paint._) the dark part of a picture: the soul separated from the body: a ghost: (_obs._, _poet._) a bodily shadow: (_pl._) the departed spirits, or their unseen abode, Hades.--_v.t._ to screen from light or heat: to shelter: to mark with gradations of colour: to darken: (_Spens._) to foreshadow, represent.--_adjs._ SH[=A]'DED, marked with gradations of colour: sheltered; SHADE'FUL, shady; SHADE'LESS, without shade.--_n._ SH[=A]'DER.--_adv._ SH[=A]'DILY.--_ns._ SH[=A]'DINESS; SH[=A]'DING, the act of making a shade: the effect of light and shade, as in a picture; SH[=A]'DING-PEN, a pen with a broad flat nib.--_adj._ SH[=A]'DY, having, or in, shade: sheltered from light or heat: (_coll._) not fit to bear the light, of dubious honesty or morality. [A.S. _sceadu_--_scead_, shade.]

SHADINE, sha-d[=e]n', _n._ the menhaden, or American sardine.

SHADOOF, sha-d[=oo]f', _n._ a contrivance for raising water by means of a long rod pivoted near one end, the shorter arm weighted to act as the counterpoise of a lever, the longer carrying a bucket which is lowered into the water--much used on the Nile for irrigation purposes.--Also SHADUF'. [Ar. _sh[=a]d[=u]f_.]

SHADOW, shad'[=o], _n._ shade caused by an object: darkness: shelter: security: favour: the dark part of a picture: an inseparable companion: a mystical representation: faint appearance: a ghost, spirit: something only in appearance.--v.t to shade: to cloud or darken: to shade, as a painting: to represent faintly: to hide, conceal: (_coll._) to attend like a shadow, watch continuously and carefully.--_ns._ SHAD'OW-FIG'URE, a silhouette; SHAD'OWINESS, the state of being shadowy or unsubstantial; SHAD'OWING, shading: gradation of light and colour.--_adj._ SHAD'OWLESS.--_n._ SHAD'OW-STITCH, in lace-making, a very delicate kind of ladder-stitch used in fine open-work.--_adj._ SHAD'OWY, full of shadow: dark: obscure: typical: unsubstantial: (_rare_) indulging in fancies.--SHADOW OF DEATH, approach of death: terrible disaster. [A.S. _sceadu_; cog. with Old High Ger. _scato_, and perh. Gr. _skotos_, darkness, _skia_, shadow.]

SHAFIITE, shaf'i-[=i]t, _n._ a member of one of the four principal sects of the Sunnites, or orthodox Muslims. [Ar. _Sh[=a]fi'[=i]_, the name of the founder.]

SHAFT, shaft, _n._ anything long and straight, as the stem of an arrow, &c.: a long arrow, anything like an arrow in form or effect: the part of a column between the base and capital: the stem of a feather: the pole or thill of a carriage: the handle of a tool of any kind.--_adj._ SHAFT'ED, having a shaft or handle.--_ns._ SHAFT'-HORSE, the horse that is harnessed between the shafts of a carriage; SHAFT'ING (_mach._), the system of shafts connecting machinery with the prime mover.--MAKE A SHAFT OR A BOLT OF IT (_Shak._), to take the risk and make the best of it--the shaft and the bolt being the arrows of the long-bow and the cross-bow respectively. [A.S. _sceaft_; prob. orig. pa.p. of _scafan_, to shave.]

SHAFT, shaft, _n._ a well-like excavation sunk into a mine for pumping, hoisting, &c.: the tunnel of a blast-furnace. [Prob. in this sense from Ger. _schacht_, a shaft; cog. with foregoing.]

SHAG, shag, _n._ woolly hair: cloth with a rough nap: a kind of tobacco cut into shreds.--_adj._ rough, hairy.--_v.t._ to roughen, make shaggy.--_v.i._ (_Spens._) to hang in shaggy clusters.--_adjs._ SHAG'-EARED (_Shak._), having shaggy or rough ears; SHAG'GED, shaggy, rough.--_n._ SHAG'GEDNESS.--_adv._ SHAG'GILY.--_n._ SHAG'GINESS.--_adjs._ SHAG'GY, covered with rough hair or wool: rough: rugged; SHAG'-HAIRED, having long, rough hair. [A.S. _sceacga_, a head of hair; Ice. _skegg_, beard, _skagi_, cape (in Shetland, _skaw_).]

SHAGREEN, sha-gr[=e]n', _n._ the skin of various sharks, rays, &c., covered with small nodules, used for covering small caskets, boxes, cigar and spectacle cases, &c.: a granular leather prepared by unhairing and scraping the skin of horses, asses, &c.--formerly CHAGRIN'.--_adj._ (also SHAGREENED') made of, or covered with, shagreen. [Fr. _chagrin_--Turk. _s[=a]ghr[=i]_, the back of a horse.]

SHAH, shä, _n._ the monarch of Persia. [Pers.]

SHAHEEN, sha-h[=e]n', _n._ a peregrine falcon. [Pers. _sh[=a]h[=i]n_.]

SHAHI, shä'i, _n._ a Persian copper coin. [Pers. _sh[=a]h[=i]_, royal.]

SHAIRL, sh[=a]rl, _n._ a fine cloth woven from the hair of a Tibetan variety of the Cashmere goat.

SHAIRN, sh[=a]rn, _n._ (_Scot._) cow-dung.

SHAITAN, sh[=i]'tan, _n._ the devil, any evil spirit or devilish person. [Ar.]

SHAKAL, shak'al, _n._ the same as JACKAL.

SHAKE, sh[=a]k, _v.t._ to move with quick, short motions: to agitate: to make to tremble: to threaten to overthrow: to cause to waver: to give a tremulous note to.--_v.i._ to be agitated: to tremble: to shiver: to lose firmness:--_pa.t._ shook, (_B._) sh[=a]ked; _pa.p._ sh[=a]k'en,--_n._ a rapid tremulous motion: a trembling or shivering: a concussion: a rent in timber, rock, &c.: (_mus._) a rapid repetition of two notes: (_slang_) a brief instant.--_n._ SHAKE'DOWN, a temporary bed, named from the original shaking down of straw for this purpose.--_adj._ SH[=A]K'EN, weakened, disordered.--_ns._ SH[=A]K'ER, one of a small communistic religious sect founded in Manchester about the middle of the 18th century, so nicknamed from a peculiar dance forming part of their religious service; SHAKE'-RAG (_obs._), a ragged fellow; SH[=A]K'ERISM.--_adv._ SH[=A]K'ILY.--_n._ SH[=A]K'INESS.--_adj._ SH[=A]K'Y, in a shaky condition: feeble: (_coll._) wavering, undecided: of questionable ability, solvency, or integrity: unsteady: full of cracks or clefts.--SHAKE DOWN, or TOGETHER, to make more compact by shaking; SHAKE HANDS, to salute by grasping the hand: (_with_) to bid farewell to; SHAKE OFF THE DUST FROM ONE'S FEET, to renounce all intercourse with; SHAKE THE HEAD, to move the head from side to side in token of reluctance, disapproval, &c.; SHAKE TOGETHER (_coll._), to get friendly with; SHAKE UP, to restore to shape by shaking: (_Shak._) to upbraid.--GREAT SHAKES (_coll._), a thing of great account, something of value (usually 'No great shakes'). [A.S. _sceacan_, _scacan_.]

SHAKESPEARIAN, sh[=a]k-sp[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to, or in the style of, _Shakespeare_, or his works--also SHAKESP[=E]'RIAN, SHAKSPEAR'EAN, SHAKSP[=E]'RIAN.--_n._ a student of Shakespeare (1564-1616).--_n.pl._ SHAKESPEARI[=A]'NA, details or learning connected with Shakespeare and his writings.--_n._ SHAKESPEA'RIANISM, anything peculiar to Shakespeare.

SHAKO, shak'[=o], _n._ a military cap of cylindrical shape, worn mostly by infantry, and generally plumed. [Hung. _csako_.]

SHALE, sh[=a]l, _n._ clay or argillaceous material, splitting readily into thin laminæ.--_adj._ SH[=A]'LY. [Ger. _schale_, a scale.]

SHALE, sh[=a]l, _n._ a shell or husk. [A.S. _sceale_.]

SHALL, shal, _v.t._ (_obs._) to be under obligation: now only auxiliary, used in the future tense of the verb, whether a _predictive_ or a _promissive_ future (in the first person implying mere futurity; in the second and third implying authority or control on the part of the speaker, and expressing promise, command, or determination, or a certainty about the future. In the _promissive_ future 'will' is used for the first person, and 'shall' for the second and third). [A.S. _sceal_, to be obliged; Ger. _soll_, Goth. _skal_, Ice. _skal_, to be in duty bound.]

SHALLI, shal'i, _n._ a soft cotton stuff made in India, mostly red.

SHALLOON, sha-l[=oo]n', _n._ a light kind of woollen stuff for coat-linings, &c., said to have been first made at _Châlons-sur-Marne_ in France.

SHALLOP, shal'op, _n._ a light boat or vessel, with or without a mast. [O. Fr. _chaluppe_; Ger. _schaluppe_; prob. of East Ind. origin.]

SHALLOT, sha-lot', _n._ a species of onion with a flavour like that of garlic.--Also SHALOT'. [O. Fr. _eschalote_, formed from _eschalone_, _escalone_, whence Eng. _scallion_ (q.v.).]

SHALLOW, shal'[=o], _n._ a sandbank: a place over which the water is not deep: a shoal.--_adj._ not deep: not profound: not wise: trifling.--_v.t._ to make shallow.--_v.i._ to grow shallow.--_adjs._ SHALL'OW-BRAINED, -P[=A]'TED, weak in intellect; SHALL'OW-HEART'ED, not capable of deep feelings.--_adv._ SHALL'OWLY (_Shak._), simply, foolishly.--_n._ SHALL'OWNESS. [Scand., Ice. _skjálgr_, wry; cf. Ger. _scheel_.]

SHALM. Same as _Shawm_ (q.v.).

SHALT, shalt, 2d pers. sing. of _shall_.

SHAM, sham, _n._ a pretence: that which deceives expectation: imposture.--_adj._ pretended: false.--_v.t._ to pretend: to feign: to impose upon.--_v.i._ to make false pretences:--_pr.p._ sham'ming; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shammed.--_ns._ SHAM'-FIGHT, a fight in imitation of a real one; SHAM'MER, one who shams.--SHAM ABRAHAM (see ABRAHAM-MAN). [_Shame_.]

SHAMANISM, sham'an-izm, _n._ a name applied loosely to the religion of the Turanian races of Siberia and north-eastern Asia, based essentially on magic and sorcery.--_n._ SHAM'AN, a wizard priest.--_adj._ SHAMAN'IC.--_n._ SHAM'ANIST.--_adj._ SHAMANIS'TIC. [Perh. Hind. _shaman_, idolater.]

SHAMBLE, sham'bl, _v.i._ to walk with an awkward, unsteady gait.--_n._ a shambling gait.--_adj._ SHAM'BLING. [Skeat refers to Dut. _schampelen_--O. Fr. _s'escamper_, to decamp.]

SHAMBLES, sham'blz, _n.pl._ stalls on which butchers exposed their meat for sale, hence a flesh-market: a slaughter-house. [A.S. _scamel_ (Ger. _schämel_), a stool--Low L. _scamellum_, for L. _scabellum_, dim. of _scamnum_, a bench.]

SHAME, sh[=a]m, _n._ the feeling caused by the exposure of that which ought to be concealed, or by a consciousness of guilt: the cause of shame, a person or thing to be ashamed of: disgrace, dishonour: (_B._) the parts of the body which modesty requires to be concealed.--_v.t._ to make ashamed: to cause to blush: to cover with reproach: to drive or compel by shame.--_adj._ SHAME'FACED (properly SHAME'FAST, A.S. _sceam-fæst_), very modest or bashful.--_adv._ SHAME'FACEDLY.--_ns._ SHAME'FACEDNESS, SHAME'FASTNESS, modesty.--_adj._ SHAME'FUL, disgraceful.--_adv._ SHAME'FULLY.--_n._ SHAME'FULNESS.--_adj._ SHAME'LESS, immodest: done without shame: audacious.--_adv._ SHAME'LESSLY.--_n._ SHAME'LESSNESS.--_adj._ SHAME'-PROOF (_Shak._), insensible to shame.--_ns._ SH[=A]'MER, one who, or that which, makes ashamed; SHAME'-REEL, the first dance after the celebration of marriage, the bride being the best man's partner, the best maid the bridegroom's.--FOR SHAME, an interjectional phrase, signifying 'you should be ashamed!'--PUT TO SHAME, to cause to feel shame. [A.S. _sceamu_, _scamu_, modesty; Ice. _skömm_, a wound, Ger. _scham_.]

SHAMMATHA, sha-mä'tha, _n._ the severest form of excommunication among the ancient Jews. [Heb.]

SHAMMY, sham'i, same as CHAMOIS.--_v.t._ SHAM'OY, to prepare leather by working oil into the skin.--_n._ SHAM'OYING.

SHAMPOO, sham-p[=oo]', _v.t._ to squeeze and rub the body, in connection with the hot bath: to wash thoroughly with soap and water.--_ns._ SHAMPOO'; SHAMPOO'ER. [Hind. _ch[=a]mpn[=a]_, squeeze.]

SHAMROCK, sham'rok, _n._ the national emblem of Ireland, a leaf with three leaflets, or plant having such leaves, sometimes supposed to be the Wood-sorrel, but the name is more frequently applied to some species of Clover, or to some common plant of some of the nearly allied genera, as the Bird's Foot Trefoil or the Black Medick. The Lesser Yellow Trefoil is the plant usually sold in Dublin on St Patrick's Day. [Ir. _seamrog_, Gael. _seamrag_, trefoil, dim. of _seamar_, trefoil.]

SHAN, shan, _adj._ pertaining to the _Shans_, a number of tribes of common origin, who live on the borders of Burma, Siam, and China.

SHAND, shand, _n._ (_obs._) shame: (_Scot._) base coin.--_adj._ worthless. [A.S. _sceand_, scand.]

SHANDRYDAN, shan'dri-dan, _n._ a light two-wheeled cart: any rickety conveyance.--Also SHAN'DRY. [Ir.]

SHANDYGAFF, shan'di-gaf, _n._ a mixture of bitter ale or beer with ginger-beer. [Ety. dub.]

SHANGHAI, shang-h[=i]', _n._ a long-legged hen with feathered shanks, said to have been introduced from _Shanghai_ in China: (_U.S._) a tall dandy.--_v.t._ (_naut._ ) to hocus a sailor and ship him while insensible: (_U.S._) to get a person by some artifice into a jurisdiction where he can lawfully be arrested.

SHANGIE, shang'i, _n._ (_Scot._) a shackle.

SHANGTI, shang't[=e]', _n._ a Christian name in China for God. [Chin. _shang_, high, _ti_, ruler.]

SHANK, shangk, _n._ the leg below the knee to the foot: the long part of any instrument, as of an anchor between the arms and ring: the part of a tool connecting the handle with the acting part: the part of a shoe connecting the sole with the heel.--_v.i._ to be affected with disease of the footstalk: to take to one's legs (with it).--_v.t._ (_Scot._) to despatch unceremoniously.--_adj._ SHANKED, having a shank: affected with disease of the shank or footstalk.--_ns._ SHANK'-[=I]'RON, a shaping-tool for shoe-shanks: an iron plate inserted as a stiffening between the leather parts of a shank; SHANK'-PAINT'ER, a painter or small rope for fastening the shank of an anchor, when catted, to a ship's side. [A.S. _sceanca_, leg--_sceacan_, to shake; Dut. _schonk_, Low Ger. _schake_.]

SHANKER, shangk'[.e]r, _n._ the same as CHANCRE.

SHANNY, shan'i, _n._ the smooth blenny.

SHA'N'T, shant (_coll._), a contraction of _shall not_.

SHANTY, shant'i, _n._ a mean dwelling or hut, a temporary house: a grog-shop. [Perh. from Ir. _sean_, old, _tig_, a house; others derive through Fr. _chantier_, a timber-yard, from L. _cantherius_, a rafter.]

SHANTY, shant'i, _n._ a song with boisterous drawling chorus, sung by sailors while heaving at the capstan, or the like--also CHANT'Y, CHANT'IE.--_n._ SHANT'YMAN, the leader of such a chorus. [Prob. from Fr. _chanter_, to sing.]

SHAPE, sh[=a]p, _v.t._ to form: to fashion: to adapt to a purpose: to regulate: to direct: to conceive.--_v.i._ (_Shak._) to take shape, to become fit:--_pa.p._ sh[=a]ped, (_B._) sh[=a]p'en.--_n._ form or figure: external appearance: that which has form or figure: an appearance: particular nature: expression, as in words: a pattern: (_cook._) a dish of rice, jelly, or the like cast in a mould and turned out when it has grown firm.--_adjs._ SH[=A]'PABLE, SHAPE'ABLE; SHAPED, having a varied ornamental form; SHAPE'LESS, having no shape or regular form: (_Shak._) effecting nothing.--_ns._ SHAPE'LESSNESS; SHAPE'LINESS.--_adj._ SHAPE'LY, having shape or regular form: symmetrical.--_ns._ SH[=A]'PER, a metal planing machine, the tool with reciprocating motion; SH[=A]'PING, representation, imagination.--TAKE SHAPE, to assume a definite form or plan. [A.S. _sceapan_, _scapan_, to form, make; Ice. _skapa_, Ger. _schaffen_.]

SHARD, shärd, _n._ dung. [Ety. dub.]

SHARD, shärd, _n._ (_Spens._) a boundary, division: (_obs._) the leaves of the artichoke whitened. [Perh. from Ice. _skardh_ (Ger. _scharte_, a notch), and ult. conn. with A.S. _sceran_, to divide.]

SHARD, shärd, _n._ a fragment, as of an earthen vessel: the wing-case of a beetle.--_adjs._ SHARD'-BORNE (_Shak._), borne on shards, as beetles; SHAR'DED (_Shak._), provided with elytra or wing-cases. [A.S. _sceard_, a fragment--_sceran_, to divide.]

SHARE, sh[=a]r, _n._ a part cut off: a portion: dividend: one of a number of equal portions of anything: a fixed and indivisible section of the capital of a company.--_v.t._ to divide into parts: to partake with others.--_v.i._ to have a part: to receive a dividend.--_ns._ SHARE'-BROK'ER, a broker or dealer in shares of railways, &c.; SHARE'HOLDER, one who holds or owns a share in a joint fund or property; SHARE'-LIST, a list of the prices of shares of railways, banks, &c.; SH[=A]R'ER.--SHARE AND SHARE ALIKE, in equal shares.--DEFERRED SHARES (see DEFER); GO SHARES, to divide equally; ORDINARY SHARES, shares forming the common stock of a company. [A.S. _scearu_--_sceran_, to shear.]

SHARE, sh[=a]r, _n._ the iron blade of a plough which cuts the ground.--_v.t._ to cut, cleave.--_n._ SHARE'-BEAM, the part of the plough to which the share is fixed. [A.S. _scear_--_sceran_, to shear.]

SHARK, shärk, _n._ a common name for most of the Elasmobranch fishes included in the sub-order _Selachoidei_--voracious fishes, mostly carnivorous, with large sharp teeth on the jaws--most numerous in the tropics. [Perh. L. _carcharus_--Gr. _karcharos_, jagged.]

SHARK, shärk, _n._ a sharper, a cheat or swindler: an extortionate rogue.--_v.i._ to live like a swindler.--_v.t._ to pick up (with _up_ or _out_).--_ns._ SHARK'ER; SHARK'ING. [Prob. from preceding word.]

SHARN, shärn, _n._ (_Scot._) dung of cattle. [A.S. _scearn_; cf. Ice. _skarn_.]

[Illustration]

SHARP, shärp, _adj._ having a thin cutting edge or fine point: peaked or ridged: affecting the senses as if pointed or cutting: severe: keen, keenly contested: alive to one's interests, barely honest: of keen or quick perception: vigilant, attentive: pungent, biting, sarcastic: eager: fierce: impetuous: shrill: (_phon._) denoting a consonant pronounced with breath and not voice, surd--as the sharp mutes, _p_, _t_, _k_.--_n._ an acute or shrill sound: (_mus._) a note raised a semitone in the scale, also the character directing this: a long and slender sewing-needle--opp. to a _blunt_ and a _between_: a small sword or duelling sword: a sharper, cheat: (_pl._) the hard parts of wheat, middlings: an oysterman's boat--also SHARP'IE, SHARP'Y.--_v.t._ (_obs._) to sharpen.--_v.i._ to play the sharper, cheat.--_adj._ SHARP'-CUT, cut sharply or definitely: well-defined: clear.--_v.t._ SHARP'EN, to make sharp or keen, pungent or painful, active or acute.--_v.i._ to grow sharp.--_ns._ SHAR'PENER, one who sharpens; SHARP'ER, a trickster: a swindler: a cheat.--_adjs._ SHARP'-EYED, sharp-sighted; SHARP'-GROUND, ground to a sharp edge; SHARP'-LOOK'ING (_Shak._), hungry-looking.--_adv._ SHARP'LY, quickly: to the moment: (_mus._) above the true pitch.--_n._ SHARP'NESS.--_adjs._ SHARP'-NOSED, having a pointed nose: keen of scent, as a dog; SHARP'-SET, ravenous.--_ns._ SHARP'-SHOOT'ER, an old term applied in the army to riflemen when skirmishing or specially employed as marksmen; SHARP'-SHOOT'ING.--_adjs._ SHARP'-SIGHT'ED, having acute sight: shrewd; SHARP'-VIS'AGED, having a thin face; SHARP'-WIT'TED, having an acute wit.--LOOK SHARP, to show eagerness, to act quickly. [A.S. _scearp_; Ice. _skarpr_, Gr. _scharf_.]

SHASTER, shas't[.e]r, _n._ a text-book, an authoritative religious and legal book among the Hindus.--Also SHAS'TRA. [Sans. _ç[=a]stra_--_ç[=a]s_, to teach.]

SHATTER, shat'[.e]r, _v.t._ to break or dash to pieces: to crack: to disorder: to render unsound.--_v.i._ to break into fragments.--_n._ a fragment: impaired state.--_adjs._ SHATT'ER-BRAINED, -P[=A]'TED, disordered in intellect; SHATT'ERY, brittle. [_Scatter_.]

SHAUCHLE, shawh'l, _v.i._ (_Scot._) to walk with shuffling, loose gait.--_v.t._ to distort, deform. [Perh. conn. with Ice. _skjálgr_, wry, squinting.]

SHAVE, sh[=a]v, _v.t._ to cut off the hair with a razor: to pare closely: to make smooth by paring: to cut in thin slices: to skim along the surface: to strip, swindle.--_v.i._ to remove hair by a razor:--_pa.p._ sh[=a]ved or sh[=a]'ven.--_n._ the act of shaving: a paring: a narrow miss or escape: a piece of financial knavery.--_ns._ SHAVE'-GRASS, the scouring-rush; SHAVE'LING, a monk or friar, from his shaven crown; SH[=A]'VER, one who shaves: a barber: a sharp or extortionate dealer: (_coll._) a chap, youngster; SH[=A]'VING, the act of shaving: that which is shaved or pared off; SH[=A]'VING-B[=A]'SIN, -BOWL, -BRUSH, a basin, bowl, brush, used by persons shaving.--CLOSE, or NEAR, SHAVE, a very narrow escape. [A.S. _sceafan_, _scafan_; Dut. _schaven_, Ger. _schaben_, L. _scab[)e]re_, to scrape, Gr. _skaptein_, to dig.]

SHAVIE, sh[=a]'vi, _n._ (_Scot._) a trick or prank.--Also SK[=A]'VIE. [Perh. Dan. _skæv_, crooked; cf. Ger. _schief_, oblique.]

SHAW, shaw, _n._ a thicket, a small wood: (_Scot._) a stem with the leaves, as of a potato. [A.S. _scaga_; Ice. _skógr_, Dan. _skov_.]

SHAWL, shawl, _n._ a wrap made of wool, cotton, silk, or hair, used particularly by women as a loose covering for the shoulders: a kind of mantle.--_v.t._ to wrap in a shawl.--_ns._ SHAWL'-DANCE, a graceful Oriental dance in which the dancer waves a scarf; SHAWL'-MAT[=E]'RIAL, a textile of silk and wool, soft and flexible, usually with Oriental designs, employed for dresses and parts of dresses for women; SHAWL'-PATT'ERN, a coloured pattern, supposed to resemble an Eastern shawl, and applied to material of plainer design; SHAWL'-PIN, a pin used for fastening a shawl; SHAWL'-STRAP, a pair of leather straps, fitted to a handle, used for carrying shawls, rugs, &c.; SHAWL'-WAIST'COAT, a vest or waistcoat with a large staring pattern like that of a shawl. [Pers. _sh[=a]l_.]

SHAWM, SHALM, _shawm_, _n._ a musical instrument of the oboe class, having a double reed enclosed in a globular mouthpiece. [O. Fr. _chalemie_--L. _calamus_, a reed-pipe.]

SHAY, _n._ See CHAY.

SHAYAK, sha'yak, _n._ a coarse Tripoli woollen cloth.

SHAYA-ROOT, sh[=a]'ä-r[=oo]t, _n._ the root of the so-called Indian madder, yielding a red dye.--Also CHÉ-ROOT, CHOY-ROOT. [Tamil _chaya_.]

SHE, sh[=e], _pron. fem._ the female understood or previously mentioned: sometimes used as a noun for a woman or other female. [Orig. the fem. of the def. art. in A.S.--viz. _seó_, which in the 12th century began to replace _heó_, the old fem. pron.]

SHEA, sh[=e]'ä, _n._ the tree yielding the Galam butter or shea-butter.--Also SH[=E]'A-TREE and _Karite_.

SHEADING, sh[=e]'ding, _n._ one of the six divisions or districts of the Isle of Man. [_Shed_.]

SHEAF, sh[=e]f, _n._ a quantity of things, esp. the stalks of grain, put together and bound: a bundle of arrows, usually 24 in number: any bundle or collection:--_pl._ SHEAVES (sh[=e]vz).--_v.t._ to bind in sheaves.--_v.i._ to make sheaves.--_adj._ SHEAF'Y. [A.S. _sceáf_--A.S. _scúfan_, to shove; Ger. _schaub_, Dut. _schoof_.]

SHEAL, sh[=e]l, _v.t._ (_Shak._) to shell, as peas.--_n._ SHEAL'ING, the shell, pod, or husk, as of peas. [_Shell_.]

SHEAL, SHIEL, sh[=e]l, _n._ (_Scot._) a hut used by shepherds, sportsmen, &c.: a shelter for sheep.--_ns._ SHEAL'ING, SHEEL'ING, SHIEL'ING. [Either Ice. _skáli_, a hut, or Ice. _skjól_, a shelter; both cog. with sky, _shade_.]

SHEAR, sh[=e]r, _v.t._ to cut or clip: to clip with shears or any other instrument: (_Scot._) to reap with a sickle.--_v.i._ to separate, cut, penetrate: in mining, to make a vertical cut in the coal:--_pa.t._ sheared, (_obs._) shore; _pa.p._ sheared or shorn.--_n._ a shearing or clipping: a strain where compression is answered by elongation at right angles: curve, deviation.--_ns._ SHEAR'-BILL, the scissor-bill, cut-water, or black skimmer; SHEAR'ER; SHEAR'-HOG, a sheep after the first shearing; SHEAR'ING, the act or operation of cutting with shears: what is cut off with shears: (_Scot._) the time of reaping: the process of preparing shear-steel: (_geol._) the process by which shear-structure (q.v.) has been produced; SHEAR'LING, a sheep only once sheared; SHEAR'MAN, one whose occupation is to shear cloth; SHEARS (_pl._ and _sing._), an instrument for shearing or cutting, consisting of two blades that meet each other: a hoisting apparatus (see SHEERS): anything resembling shears, as even a pair of wings (_Spens._); SHEAR'-STEEL, steel suitable for the manufacture of shears and other edge-tools; SHEAR'-STRUC'TURE (_geol._), a structure often seen in volcanic rocks, due to the reciprocal compression and elongation of various parts under great crust movements; SHEAR'-WA'TER, a genus of oceanic birds allied to the petrels, and varying from 8½ to 14 inches in length. [A.S. _sceran_; Ice. _skera_, to clip, Ger. _scheren_, to shave.]

SHEAT-FISH, sh[=e]t'-fish, _n._ a fish of the family _Siluridæ_, the great catfish of central Europe.

SHEATH, sh[=e]th, _n._ a case for a sword or other long instrument: a scabbard: any thin defensive covering: a membrane covering a stem or branch: the wing-case of an insect.--_v.t._ SHEATHE (_th_), to put into a sheath: to cover with a sheath or case: to enclose in a lining.--_adj._ SHEATHED (_th_), provided with, or enclosed in, a sheath: (_bot._, _zool._, and _anat._) having a sheath, vaginate.--_ns._ SHEATH'ING (_th_), that which sheathes, esp. the covering of a ship's bottom; SHEATH'-KNIFE, a knife carried in a sheath from the waist.--_adjs._ SHEATH'LESS; SHEATH'-WINGED, having the wings encased in elytra: coleopterous; SHEATH'Y, sheath-like.--SHEATHE THE SWORD, to put an end to war. [A.S. _scéth_, _sc['æ]th_; Ger. _scheide_, Ice. _skeithir_.]

SHEAVE, sh[=e]v, _n._ the wheel of a pulley over which the rope runs: a sliding scutcheon for covering a keyhole.--_n._ SHEAVE'-HOLE. [_Shive_.]

SHEAVED, sh[=e]vd, _adj._ (_Shak._) made of straw.

SHEBANG, sh[=e]-bang', _n._ (_Amer._) a place, a store, a saloon, a gaming-house: a brothel.

SHEBEEN, she-b[=e]n', _n._ a place where intoxicating drinks are privately and unlawfully sold.--_ns._ SHEB[=EE]'NER, one who keeps a shebeen; SHEB[=EE]'NING. [Ir.]

SHECHINAH, sh[=e]-k[=i]'na, _n._ Same as SHEKINAH.

SHECKLATON, shek'la-ton, _n._ Same as CHECKLATON.

SHED, shed, _v.t._ to part, separate: to scatter, cast off: to throw out: to pour: to spill.--_v.i._ to let fall, cast:--_pr.p._ shed'ding; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ shed.--_n._ a division, parting, as of the hair, and in watershed.--_ns._ SHED'DER; SHED'DING. [A.S. _sceádan_, to separate; Ger. _scheiden_.]

SHED, shed, _n._ a slight erection, usually of wood, for shade or shelter: an outhouse: a large temporary open structure for reception of goods. [_Shade_.]

SHEELING. See under SHEAL.