Part 6

SAXOPHONE, sak's[=o]-f[=o]n, _n._ a brass wind-instrument, with about twenty finger-keys, like the clarinet. [_Sax_, the inventor--Gr. _ph[=o]n[=e]_, the voice.]

SAY, s[=a], _v.t._ to utter in words: to speak: to declare: to state: to answer: to rehearse: to recite: to take for granted.--_v.i._ to speak: to relate: to state:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ said (sed).--_n._ something said: a remark: a speech: a saw.--_ns._ SAY'ER, one who says: a speaker: one who assays; SAY'ING, something said: an expression: a maxim; SAY'-SO, an authoritative declaration: a rumour, a mere report.--SAY TO, to think of.--IT IS SAID, or THEY SAY, it is commonly reputed; IT SAYS, equivalent to 'it is said;' THAT IS TO SAY, in other words. [A.S. _secgan_ (sægde, gesægd); Ice. _segja_, Ger. _sagen_.]

SAY, s[=a], _n._ (_Spens._) assay, proof, temper (of a sword): (_Shak._) taste, relish: a sample: trial by sample.--_v.t._ to assay, to try.--_n._ SAY'MASTER, one who makes proof. [A contr. of _assay_.]

SAY, s[=a], _n._ a thin kind of silk: a kind of woollen stuff.--_adj._ (_Shak._) silken. [O. Fr. _saie_--Low L. _seta_, silk--L. _seta_, a bristle.]

SAY, s[=a], _n._ (_Scot._) a strainer for milk.

SAYETTE, s[=a]-et', _n._ a kind of serge: a woollen yarn. [Fr. _sayette_, dim. of _saye_, serge.]

SAYNAY, s[=a]'n[=a], _n._ a lamprey.

SAYON, s[=a]'on, _n._ a medieval peasant's sleeveless jacket. [O. Fr.,--_saye_, serge.]

SAYORNIS, s[=a]-or'nis, _n._ the pewit fly-catchers. [Thomas _Say_, an American ornithologist.]

SBIRRO, sbir'r[=o], _n._ an Italian police-officer:--_pl._ SBIRRI (sbir'r[=e]). [It.]

'SBLOOD, sblud, _interj._ an imprecation. [_God's blood_.]

SCAB, skab, _n._ a crust formed over a sore: a disease of sheep resembling the mange: a disease of potatoes, or a fungous disease of apples, &c.: a mean fellow: a workman who refuses to join a trades-union or to take part in a strike, or who takes the place of a man out on strike.--_v.i._ to heal over, to cicatrise: to form a new surface by encrustation.--_n._ (_print._) a scale-board.--_adj._ SCAB'BED, affected or covered with scabs: diseased with the scab: vile, worthless.--_ns._ SCAB'BEDNESS; SCAB'BINESS.--_adj._ SCAB'BY, scabbed: injured by the attachment of barnacles to the carapace of a shell: (_print._) of matter that is blotched or uneven.--_n._ SCAB'-MITE, the itch-mite. [A.S _scæb_ (Dan. _scab_, Ger. _schabe_)--L. _scabies_--_scab[)e]re_, to scratch.]

SCABBARD, skab'ard, _n._ the case in which the blade of a sword is kept: a sheath.--_v.t._ to provide with a sheath.--_n._ SCABB'ARD-FISH, a fish of the family _Lepidopodidæ_. [M. E. _scauberk_, prob. an assumed O. Fr. _escauberc_--Old High Ger. _scala_, a scale, _bergan_, to protect.]

SCABBLE, skab'l, _v.t._ to hew a stone to a level surface without making it smooth.--Also SCAPP'LE. [Prob. A.S. _scafan_, to shave.]

SCABELLUM, sk[=a]-bel'um, _n._ an ancient musical appliance, consisting of plates of metal, &c., fastened to the feet to be struck together. [L., also _scabillum_, dim. of _scamnum_, a bench.]

SCABERULOUS, sk[=a]-ber'[=u]-lus, _adj._ (_bot._) slightly roughened. [_Scabrous_.]

SCABIES, sk[=a]'bi-[=e]z, _n._ the itch. [L.,--_scab[)e]re_, to scratch.]

SCABIOSA, sk[=a]-bi-[=o]'sa, _n._ a genus of herbaceous plants of the teasel family, as the _Devil's-bit scabious_, the _Sweet scabious_, &c.--the former long thought efficacious in scaly eruptions.

SCABIOUS, sk[=a]'bi-us, _adj._ scabby: scurfy: itchy.--_n._ SCABRED'ITY, roughness: ruggedness.--_adj._ SC[=A]'BRID, rough.--_n._ SCABRIT'IES, a morbid roughness of the inner surface of the eyelid.--_adj._ SC[=A]'BROUS, rough to the touch, like a file: rugged: covered with little points: harsh: unmusical.--_n._ SC[=A]'BROUSNESS. [L. _scabiosus_--_scabies_, the itch.]

SCAD, skad, _n._ a carangoid fish, also called _Horse-mackerel_: (_Scot._) the ray. [Prob. _shad_.]

SCAD, a Scotch form of _scald_.

SCADDLE, skad'l, _adj._ (_prov._) mischievous, hurtful.--_n._ hurt.--Also SCATH'EL, SKADD'LE. [_Scathe_.]

SCÆAN, s[=e]'an, _adj._ western, from the _Scæan_ gate in Troy. [Gr. _skaios_, left.]

SCAFF, skaf, _n._ (_Scot._) food of any kind.

SCAFFOLD, skaf'old, _n._ a temporary platform for exhibiting or for supporting something, and esp. for the execution of a criminal: a framework.--_v.t._ to furnish with a scaffold: to sustain.--_ns._ SCAFF'OLDAGE (_Shak._), a scaffold, a stage, the gallery of a theatre; SCAFF'OLDER, a spectator in the gallery: one of the 'gods;' SCAFF'OLDING, a scaffold of wood for supporting workmen while building: materials for scaffolds: (_fig._) a frame, framework: disposing of the bodies of the dead on a scaffold or raised platform, as by the Sioux Indians, &c. [O. Fr. _escafaut_ (Fr. _échafaud_, It. _catafalco_); from a Romance word, found in Sp. _catar_, to view--L. _capt[=a]re_, to try to seize, _falco_ (It. _palco_), a scaffold--Ger. _balke_, a beam. Doublet _catafalque_.]

SCAFF-RAFF, skaf'-raf, _n._ (_Scot._) refuse: riff-raff.

SCAGLIA, skal'ya, _n._ an Italian calcareous rock, corresponding to the chalk of England.

SCAGLIOLA, skal-y[=o]'la, _n._ a composition made to imitate the more costly kinds of marble and other ornamental stones.--Also SCAL'IOLA. [It. _scagliuola_, dim. of _scaglia_, a scale, a chip of marble or stone.]

SCAITH, sk[=a]th, _n._ (_Scot._) damage.--_adj._ SCAITH'LESS. [_Scathe_.]

SCALA, sk[=a]'la, _n._ (_surg._) an instrument for reducing dislocation: a term applied to any one of the three canals of the cochlea:--_pl._ SC[=A]'LÆ.--_adj._ SC[=A]'LABLE, that may be scaled or climbed.--_ns._ SC[=A]LADE', an assault, as an escalade--also SCALÄ'DO; SC[=A]'LAR (_math._), in the quaternion analysis, a quantity that has magnitude but not direction.--_adj._ of the nature of a scalar.--_n.pl._ SCAL[=A]'RIA, the ladder-shells or wentle-traps.--_adjs._ SC[=A]LAR'IFORM, shaped like a ladder; SC[=A]'LARY, formed with steps. [L., a ladder.]

SCALAWAG, SCALLAWAG, skal'a-wag, _n._ an undersized animal of little value: a scamp: a native Southern Republican, as opposed to a carpet-bagger, during the period of reconstruction after the American Civil War. [From _Scalloway_ in the Shetland Islands, in allusion to its small cattle.]

SCALD, skawld, _v.t._ to burn with hot liquid: to cook slightly, as fruit, in hot water or steam: to cleanse thoroughly by rinsing with very hot water.--_n._ a burn caused by hot liquid.--_ns._ SCALD'ER, one who scalds vessels: a pot for scalding; SCALD'-FISH, a marine flat fish; SCALD'ING, things scalded; SCALD'-RAG, a nickname for a dyer.--SCALDING HOT, so hot as to scald. [O. Fr. _escalder_ (Fr. _échauder_)--Low L. _excald[=a]re_, to bathe in warm water--_ex_, from, _calidus_, warm, hot.]

SCALD, SKALD, skald, _n._ one of the ancient Scandinavian poets.--_adj._ SCALD'IC, relating to, or composed by, the Scalds. [Ice. _skáld_.]

SCALD, skawld, _n._ scurf on the head.--_adj._ scurfy, paltry, poor.--_ns._ SCALD'BERRY, the blackberry; SCALD'-CROW, the hooded crow; SCALD'-HEAD, a fungous parasitic disease of the scalp, favus. [_Scall._]

SCALDINO, skal-d[=e]'n[=o], _n._ an Italian earthenware brazier:--_pl._ SCALDI'NI. [It.]

SCALE, sk[=a]l, _n._ a ladder: series of steps: a graduated measure: (_mus._) a series of all the tones ascending or descending from the keynote to its octave, called the gamut: the order of a numeral system: gradation: proportion: series.--_v.t._ to mount, as by a ladder: to ascend: to draw in true proportion: to measure logs: to decrease proportionally, as every part.--_v.i._ to lead up by steps: (_Scot._) to disperse, to spill, to spread as manure.--_ns._ SCALE'-BOARD (_print._), a thin slip of wood for extending a page to its true length, making types register, securing uniformity of margin, &c.; SCALE'-PIPETTE', a tubular pipette with a graduated scale for taking up definite quantities of liquid; SCAL'ING-LADD'ER, a ladder used for the escalade of an enemy's fortress: a fireman's ladder: (_her._) a bearing representing a ladder, with two hooks and two ferrules. [L. _scala_, a ladder--_scand[)e]re_, to mount.]

SCALE, sk[=a]l, _n._ one of the small, thin plates on a fish or reptile: a thin layer: a husk: the covering of the leaf-buds of deciduous trees: a piece of cuticle that is squamous or horny: a flake: an encrustation on the side of a vessel in which water is heated.--_v.t._ to clear of scales: to peel off in thin layers.--_v.i._ to come off in thin layers.--_ns._ SCALE'-ARM'OUR, armour consisting of scales of metal overlapping each other: plate-mail; SCALE'-BACK, a marine worm covered with scales.--_adjs._ SCALE'-BEAR'ING, having scales, as the sea-mice; SCALED, having scales: covered with scales.--_ns._ SCALE'-DOVE, an American dove having the plumage marked as with scales; SCALE'-FISH, a dry cured fish, as the haddock; SCALE'-FOOT, the scabbard-fish; SCALE'-IN'SECT, any insect of the homopterous family _Coccidæ_.--_adj._ SCALE'LESS, without scales, as the scaleless amphibians.--_n._ SCALE'-MOSS, certain plants which resemble moss.--_adj._ SCALE'-PATT'ERN, having a pattern resembling scales.--_ns._ SCALE'-QUAIL, an American quail having scale-like markings of the plumage; SC[=A]'LER, one who makes a business of scaling fish: an instrument used by dentists in removing tartar.--_adjs._ SCALE'-TAILED, having scales on the under side of the tail; SCALE'-WINGED, having the wings covered with minute scales, as a butterfly.--_ns._ SCALE'-WORK, scales lapping over each other; SCALE'-WORM, a scale-back: SCAL'INESS, the state of being scaly: roughness; SCAL'ING, the process of removing scales from a fish, or encrustations from the interior of a boiler; SCAL'ING-FUR'NACE, a furnace in which plates of iron are heated for the purpose of scaling them, as in tinning.--_adj._ SCAL'Y, covered with scales: like scales: shabby: (_bot._) formed of scales. [A.S. _sceale_, _scale_, the scale of a fish; Ger. _schale_, shell.]

SCALE, sk[=a]l, _n._ the dish of a balance: a balance, as to turn the scale--chiefly in _pl._: (_pl._) Libra, one of the signs of the zodiac.--_v.t._ to weigh, as in scales: to estimate.--_ns._ SCALE'-BEAM, the beam or lever of a balance; SCALE'-MICROM'ETER, in a telescope, a graduated scale for measuring distances; SC[=A]L'ING, the process of adjusting sights to a ship's guns.--BEAM AND SCALES, a balance; GUNTER'S SCALE, a scale for solving mechanically problems in navigation and surveying. [A.S. _scále_, a balance; Dut. _schaal_, Ger. _schale_; allied to preceding word.]

SCALENE, sk[=a]-l[=e]n', _adj._ (_geom._) having three unequal sides; (_anat._) obliquely situated and unequal-sided.--_n._ a scalene triangle: one of several triangular muscles.--_ns._ SC[=A]LENOH[=E]'DRON, a pyramidal form under the rhombohedral system, enclosed by twelve faces, each a scalene triangle; SC[=A]L[=E]'NUM, a scalene triangle; SC[=A]L[=E]'NUS, a scalene muscle. [Fr.,--L. _scalenus_--Gr. _skal[=e]nos_, uneven.]

SCALIOLA=_Scagliola_ (q.v.).

SCALL, skawl, _n._ (_B._) a scab: scabbiness: in mining, loose ground.--_adj._ mean.--_adjs._ SCALLED, SCALD, scabby: mean. [Ice. _skalli_, bald head.]

SCALLION, skal'yun, _n._ the shallot: the leek: the onion. [L. _Ascalonia_ (_cæpia_), Ascalon (onion).]

SCALLOP, skol'up, _n._ a bivalve having a sub-circular shell with sinuous radiating ridges: one of a series of curves in the edge of anything: a shallow dish in which oysters, &c., are cooked, baked, and browned.--_v.t._ to cut the edge or border into scallops or curves: to cook in a scallop with crumbs of bread, &c.--_p.adj._ SCALL'OPED, having the edge or border cut into scallops or curves.--_ns._ SCALL'OP MOTH, a name applied to several geometrid moths; SCALL'OP-SHELL, a scallop, or the shell of one, the badge of a pilgrim. [O. Fr. _escalope_--Old Dut. _schelpe_, a shell; cf. Ger. _schelfe_, a husk.]

SCALMA, skal'ma, _n._ a disease of horses. [Old High Ger. _scalmo_, pestilence; cf. _Schelm_.]

SCALOPS, sk[=a]'lops, _n._ a genus of American shrew-moles. [Gr. _skalops_, a mole--_skallein_, to dig.]

SCALP, skalp, _n._ the outer covering of the skull or brain-case, including the skin, the expanded tendon of the occipito-frontalis muscle, with intermediate cellular tissue and blood-vessels: the skin on which the hair grows: the skin of the top of the head, together with the hair, torn off as a token of victory by the North American Indians: the skin of the head of a noxious wild animal: (_her._) the skin of the head of a stag with the horns attached: a bed of oysters or mussels (Scot. _Scaup_).--_v.t._ to cut the scalp from: to flay: to lay bare: to deprive of grass: to sell at less than recognised rates: to destroy the political influence of.--_ns._ SCAL'PER, one who scalps; a machine for removing the ends of grain, as wheat or rye, or for separating the different grades of broken wheat, semolina, &c.: one who buys and sells railroad tickets, &c., at less than the official rates, a ticket-broker: an instrument used by surgeons for scraping carious bones (also SCAL'PING-[=I]'RON); SCAL'PING-KNIFE, a knife, formerly a sharp stone, used by the Indians of North America for scalping their enemies; SCAL'PING-TUFT, a scalp-lock.--_adj._ SCALP'LESS, having no scalp, bald.--_n._ SCALP'-LOCK, a long tuft of hair left by the North American Indians as a challenge. [Old Dut. _schelpe_, a shell; cf. Ger. _schelfe_, a husk; a doublet of _scallop_.]

SCALPEL, skalp'el, _n._ a small surgical knife for dissecting and operating.--_n._ SCALPEL'LUM, one of the four filamentous organs in the proboscis of hemipterous insects:--_pl._ SCALPEL'LA.--_adj._ SCAL'PRIFORM, chisel-shaped, specifically said of the incisor teeth of rodents. [L. _scalpellum_, dim. of _scalprum_, a knife--_scalp[)e]re_, to cut.]

SCAMBLE, skam'bl, _v.i._ (_obs._) to scramble: to sprawl.--_v.t._ to mangle: to squander.--_ns._ SCAM'BLER, a meal-time visitor; SCAM'BLING, a hasty meal.--_n.pl._ SCAM'BLING-DAYS, days in which meat is scarce.--_adv._ SCAM'BLINGLY, strugglingly. [Ety. dub.; prob. related to _shamble_.]

SCAMEL, SCAMMEL, skam'el, _n._ a bar-tailed godwit.

SCAMILLUS, sk[=a]-mil'us, _n._ a second plinth under a column:--_pl._ SCAMILL'I ([=i]). [L.]

SCAMMONY, skam'o-ni, _n._ a cathartic gum-resin obtained from a species of convolvulus in Asia Minor.--_adj._ SCAMM[=O]'NIATE, made with scammony. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _skamm[=o]nia_; prob. Persian.]

SCAMP, skamp, _n._ a vagabond: a mean fellow.--_v.i._ SCAM'PER, to run with speed and trepidation.--_n._ a rapid run.--_adj._ SCAM'PISH, rascally. [O. Fr. _escamper_, to flee--It. _scampare_, to escape--L. _ex_, out, campus, a battlefield.]

SCAMP, skamp, _v.t._ to do work in a dishonest manner without thoroughness--also SKIMP.--_n._ SCAM'PER. [Prob. Ice. _skamta_, to dole out, to stint.]

SCAN, skan, _v.t._ to count the feet in a verse: to examine carefully: to scrutinise.--_v.i._ to agree with the rules of metre:--_pr.p._ scan'ning; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ scanned.--_ns._ SCAN'NING; SCAN'SION, act of counting the measures in a verse. [Fr. _scander_, to scan--L. _scand[)e]re_, _scansum_, to climb.]

SCAND, skand, _pa.t._ of _v.i._ (_Spens._) climbed.

SCANDAL, skan'dal, _n._ something said which is false and injurious to reputation: disgrace: opprobrious censure.--_v.t._ to defame, to aspire.--_ns._ SCAN'DAL-BEAR'ER, a propagator of malicious gossip; SCANDALIS[=A]'TION, defamation.--_v.t._ SCAN'DALISE, to give scandal or offence to: to shock: to reproach: to disgrace: to libel.--_n._ SCAN'DAL-MONG'ER, one who deals in defamatory reports.--_adj._ SCAN'DALOUS, giving scandal or offence: calling forth condemnation: openly vile: defamatory.--_adv._ SCAN'DALOUSLY.--_ns._ SCAN'DALOUSNESS; SCAN'DALUM-MAGN[=A]'TUM, speaking slanderously of high personages, abbrev. _Scan. Mag._ [Fr. _scandale_--L. _scandalum_--Gr. _skandalon_, a stumbling-block.]

SCANDALISE, skan'da-l[=i]z, _v.t._ to trice up the tack of the spanker in a square-rigged vessel, or the mainsail in a fore-and-aft rigged one. [_Scantle_.]

SCANDENT, skan'dent, _adj._ climbing, as a tendril.

SCANDINAVIAN, skan-di-n[=a]'vi-an, _adj._ of _Scandinavia_, the peninsula divided into Norway and Sweden, but, in a historical sense, applying also to Denmark and Iceland.--_n._ a native of Scandinavia. [L. _Scandinavia_, _Scandia_.]

SCANDIUM, skan'di-um, _n._ an element discovered in 1879 in the Scandinavian mineral euxenite.

SCANDIX, skan'diks, _n._ a genus of umbelliferous plants, including shepherd's purse, Venus's comb, &c. [L.,--Gr., chervil.]

SCANSION. See SCAN.

SCANSORES, skan-s[=o]'r[=e]z, _n.pl._ an old order of birds generally characterised by having two toes before opposed by two behind, by which they are enabled to climb.--_adj._ SCANS[=O]'RIAL, habitually climbing, as a bird: formed for climbing.--_n._ SCANS[=O]'RIUS, a muscle passing from the ilium to the femur in some vertebrata. [Low L., pl. of _scansor_, _scansoris_, a climber--L. _scand[)e]re_, _scansum_, to climb.]

SCANT, skant, _adj._ not full or plentiful; scarcely sufficient: deficient.--_n._ scarcity: lack.--_adv._ scarcely: scantily.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to limit: to stint: to begrudge.--_adv._ SCAN'TILY.--_ns._ SCAN'TINESS; SCAN'-TITY (_obs._).--_adv._ SCANT'LY, not fully or sufficiently, scarcely: narrowly: penuriously: scantily.--_ns._ SCANT'NESS, the condition or quality of being scant: smallness: insufficiency; SCANT'-OF-GRACE, a good-for-nothing fellow: a scapegrace.--_adj._ SCANT'Y, scant, not copious or full: hardly sufficient: wanting extent: narrow: small. [Ice. _skamt_, short, narrow, neut. of _skammr_, short.]

SCANTLE, skan'tl, _v.t._ to divide into pieces: to partition.--_ns._ SCANT'LET, a small pattern; SCANT'LING, a little piece: a piece or quantity cut for a particular purpose: a certain proportion.--SCANTLING NUMBER, a number computed from the known dimensions of a ship. [O. Fr. _eschantillon_, a small cantle, _escanteler_, to break into cantles--_es_--L. _ex_, out, _cantel_, _chantel_, a cantle.]

SCANTLE, skan'tl, _v.i._ to fail: to be deficient.--_n._ a gauge by which slates are measured. [Prob. _scant_.]

SCAPANUS, skap'a-nus, _n._ a genus of North American shrew-moles. [Gr. _skapan[=e]_, a mattock.]

SCAPE, sk[=a]p, _n._ an escape: a freak or fault.--_v.t._ to escape from: to miss: to shun.--_ns._ SCAPE'GALLOWS, one who deserves hanging: a villain; SCAPE'GRACE, a graceless hare-brained fellow. [A contr. of _escape_.]

SCAPE, sk[=a]p, _n._ (_bot._) a long, naked, radical peduncle: (_entom._) the basal joint of antennæ: (_ornith._) the stem of a feather: (_archit._) the shaft of a column.--_adjs._ SCAPE'LESS (_bot._), wanting a scape; SCAP'IFORM, scape-like; SCAPIG'EROUS, scape-bearing. [L., _scapus_, Gr. _skapos_, a shaft; cf. _sk[=e]ptron_, a staff.]

SCAPE, sk[=a]p, _n._ the cry of the snipe when flushed: the snipe itself. [Prob. imit.]

SCAPEGOAT, sk[=a]p'g[=o]t, _n._ a goat on which, once a year, the Jewish high-priest laid symbolically the sins of the people, and which was then allowed to escape into the wilderness (Levit. xvi.): one who is made to bear the misdeeds of another. [_Escape_ and _goat_.]

SCAPEMENT, sk[=a]p'ment, _n._ the same as ESCAPEMENT.--_n._ SCAPE'-WHEEL, the wheel which drives the pendulum of a clock. [_Escapement_.]

SCAPHA, sk[=a]'fa, _n._ the scaphoid fossa of the helix of the ear. [L., a skiff.]

SCAPHANDER, sk[=a]-fan'd[.e]r, _n._ a diver's water-tight suit; a genus of gasteropods. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man.]

SCAPHARCA, sk[=a]-far'ka, _n._ a genus of bivalve molluscs. [L. _scapha_, a skiff.]

SCAPHIDIUM, sk[=a]-fid'i-um, _n._ a genus of clavicorn beetles. [Gr. _skaphidion_, dim. of _skaph[=e]_, a skiff.]

SCAPHIOPOD, skaf'i-[=o]-pod, _adj._ spade-footed.--_n._ a spade-footed toad. [Gr. _skaphion_, a spade, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

SCAPHIRHYNCHUS, skaf-i-ring'kus, _n._ a genus of tyrant-flycatchers: the shovel-heads or shovel-nosed sturgeons. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a skiff, _rhyngchos_, snout.]

SCAPHISM, skaf'izm, _n._ a Persian punishment by which the victim was fastened in a hollow tree, and smeared over with honey to attract wasps, &c. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, anything hollowed out.]

SCAPHITES, sk[=a]-f[=i]'tez, _n._ a genus of fossil cephalopods of the ammonite family. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat.]

SCAPHIUM, sk[=a]'fi-um, _n._ the keel of papilionaceous flowers: a genus of coleopterous insects. [L.,--Gr. _skaphion_, a basin.]

SCAPHOCEPHALIC, skaf-[=o]-se-fal'ik, _adj._ boat-shaped, a term applied to a certain kind of deformed skull. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _kephal[=e]_, a head.]

SCAPHOID, skaf'oid, _adj._ boat-like in form, noting two bones, one in the wrist and the other in the foot. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _eidos_, form.]

SCAPHOPOD, skaf'[=o]-pod, _adj._ having the foot fitted for burrowing, as a mollusc. [Gr. _skaph[=e]_, a boat, _pous_, _podos_, a foot.]

SCAPINADE, skap-i-n[=a]d', _n._ a process of trickery--from the name of the tricky valet in Molière's comedy, _Les Fourberies de Scapin_.

SCAP-NET, skap'-net, _n._ a net for catching minnows, &c. [Same as _scoop-net_.]

SCAPOLITE, skap'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a silicate of alumina and lime, occurring in long rod-like crystals. [Gr. _skapos_, a rod, _lithos_, a stone.]

SCAPPLE, skap'l, _v.t._ to work without finishing, as stone before leaving the quarry. [_Scabble_.]

SCAPULA, skap'[=u]-la, _n._ the shoulder-blade.--_adj._ SCAP'[=U]LAR, pertaining to the shoulder.--_n._ a bandage for the shoulder-blade: (_ornith._) the shoulder feathers: a long strip of cloth worn by some orders: two little pieces of cloth tied together by strings passing over the shoulders, worn by lay persons in token of devotion: a short cloak with a hood, a monastic working dress.--_adj._ SCAP'[=U]LARY, in form like a scapular.--_n._ a scapular.--_adj._ SCAP'[=U]LATED, having the scapular feathers notable in size or colour, as the scapulated crow.--_n._ SCAP'[=U]LIMANCY. divination by means of shoulder-blades.--_adj._ SCAPULIMAN'TIC. [L. _scapulæ_, the shoulder-blades, prob. cog. with _scapus_, a shaft.]

SCAPUS, sk[=a]'pus, _n._ (_archit._) the shaft of a column: (_ornith._) the scape of a feather: a genus of Coelenterates:--_pl._ SC[=A]'PI ([=i]). [L., a shaft.]

SCAR, skär, _n._ the mark left by a wound or sore: any mark or blemish: a cicatrice: (_fig._) any mark resulting from injury, material or moral: (_bot._) a mark on a stem after the fall of a leaf: in shells, an impression left by the insertion of a muscle: in founding, an imperfect place in a casting: a disfigurement.--_v.t._ to mark with a scar.--_v.i._ to become scarred:--_pr.p._ scar'ring; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ scarred.--_adjs._ SCAR'LESS, without scars: unwounded; SCARRED. [O. Fr. _escare_--L. _eschara_--Gr. _eschara_, a scar produced by burning.]

SCAR, skär, _n._ a precipitous bank or rock: a bare rocky place on the side of a hill.--_n._ SCAR'-LIME'STONE, a mass of calcareous rock crowded with marine fossils. [Scand., Ice. _sker_--_skera_, to cut.]

SCARAB, skar'ab, _n._ an insect with wing-sheaths, a beetle: a gem, usually emerald, cut in the form of a beetle--also SCARABÆ'US, SCAR'ABEE.--_n._ SCAR'ABOID, an imitation scarab.--_adj._ like a scarab. [L. _scarabæus_; Gr. _karabos_.]

SCARAMOUCH, skar'a-mowch, _n._ a buffoon: a bragging, cowardly fellow. [Fr.,--It. _Scaramuccia_, a famous Italian zany of the 17th century.]

SCARBROITE, skär'br[=o]-[=i]t, _n._ a hydrous silicate of aluminium--from _Scarborough_.

SCARCE, sk[=a]rs, _adj._ not plentiful: not equal to the demand: rare: not common: parsimonious: deficient: short: scanty.--_adj._ SCARCE'-BEARD'ED (_Shak._), having a scanty beard.--_adv._ SCARCE'LY, SCARCE (_B._), hardly, barely.--_ns._ SCARCE'MENT (_archit._), a plain set-off or projection in a wall; SCARCE'NESS; SCARC'ITY, state of being scarce: deficiency: rareness: niggardliness: want: famine.--MAKE ONE'S SELF SCARCE, to decamp. [O. Fr. _escars_ (Fr. _échars_), niggardly--Low L. _scarpsus_=_ex-carpsus_, for L. _excerptus_, pa.p. of _excerp[=e]re_--_ex_, out of, _carp[=e]re_, to pick.]

SCARD, skärd, _n._ a shard or fragment.

SCARDAFELLA, skär-da-fel'a, _n._ an American genus containing the ground-doves.

SCARE, sk[=a]r, _v.t._ to drive away by frightening: to strike with sudden terror: to startle, to affright.--_n._ an imaginary alarm: a sudden panic.--_adj._ lean, scanty.--_ns._ SCARE'-BABE, a bugbear; SCARE'-BUG; SCARE'CROW, anything set up to scare away crows or other birds: a vain cause of terror: a person meanly clad: the black tern; SCARE'-FIRE, a fire-alarm: a conflagration. [M. E. _skerren_--_skerre_, frightened--Ice. _skjarr_, timid.]

SCARF, skärf, _n._ a light decorative piece of dress worn loosely on the shoulders or as a band about the neck: a light handkerchief for the neck: a cravat:--_pl._ SCARFS, SCARVES (_obs._).--_v.t._ to cover, as if with a scarf.--_adj._ SCARFED, decorated with pendants.--_ns._ SCARF'-PIN, an ornamental pin worn in a scarf; SCARF'-RING, an ornamental ring through which the ends or a scarf are drawn. [A.S. _scearfe_, a piece; Dut. _scherf_, a shred.]

SCARF, skärf, _v.t._ to join two pieces of timber endwise, so that they may appear to be used as one: to flay the skin from a whale.--_n._ in carpentry, a joint whose ends are united so as to form a continuous piece.--_ns._ SCAR'FING; SCARF'ING-MACHINE', a machine for shaving the ends of leather belting to a feather edge; SCARF'-JOINT, a joint made by overlapping two pieces of timber that will fit each other; SCARF'-LOOM, a figure loom for weaving fabrics. [Scand., Sw. _skarf_, Norw. _skarv_, a joint; cf. Ger. _scherben_, to cut small; conn. with _shear_, v.]

SCARF, skärf, _n._ the cormorant--(_Scot._) SCART, SKART. [Ice. _skarfr_.]

SCARFSKIN, skärf'skin, _n._ the surface skin. [_Scurf_.]

SCARIDÆ, skar'i-d[=e], _n.pl._ a family of fishes including the parrot-fish.--Also SC[=A]'RUS. [Gr. _skaros_.]

SCARIFY, skar'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to scratch or slightly cut the skin, to make small cuts with a lancet, so as to draw blood: to loosen and stir together the soil: to harrow the feelings:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ scar'if[=i]ed.--_ns._ SCARIFIC[=A]'TION, act of scarifying; SCARIFIC[=A]'TOR, an instrument with several lancets for scarifying or making slight incisions in the operation of cupping; SCAR'IFIER, one who scarifies: an instrument used for scarifying the soil, esp. a grubber with prongs. [Fr. _scarifier_--L. _scarific[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--Gr. _skariphasthai_--skariphos, an etching tool.]

SCARIOUS, sk[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ (_bot._) thin, dry, membranaceous: (_zool._) scaly, scurfy.

SCARITID, skär'i-tid, _adj._ pertaining to carabid beetles of _Scarites_ or related genera.

SCARLATINA, skär-la-t[=e]'na, _n._ a dangerous and highly-contagious fever, so named from the scarlet rash or eruption which accompanies it--also SCAR'LET-F[=E]VER.--_adjs._ SCARLATI'NAL, SCARLATI'NOUS.

SCARLET, skär'let, _n._ a bright-red colour: scarlet cloth.--_adj._ of the colour called scarlet: dressed in scarlet.--_v.t._ to redden.--_ns._ SCAR'LET-AD'MIRAL, the red-admiral, a butterfly; SCAR'LET-BEAN, the scarlet-runner; SCAR'LET-F[=E]'VER, a contagious febrile disease (see SCARLATINA); SCAR'LET-HAT, a cardinal's hat; SCAR'LET-LIGHT'NING, the scarlet lychnis: the red valerian; SCAR'LET-RUN'NER, a bean with scarlet flowers which runs up any support; SCAR'LET-SNAKE, a bright-red harmless snake of the southern states of the American Union; SCAR'LET-T[=I]'GER, a British moth; SCAR'LET-WOM'AN, the woman referred to in Rev. xvii. 4, 5--Pagan Rome, Papal Rome, or a personification of the World in its anti-Christian sense. [O. Fr. _escarlate_ (Fr. _écarlate_), through Low L. _scarlatum_--Pers. _saqal[=a]t_, scarlet cloth.]

SCARMAGE, skär'm[=a]j, _n._ (_Spens._) same as Skirmish.--Also SCAR'MOGE.

SCARN-BEE, skärn'-b[=e], _n._ (prov.) a dung-beetle. [Sharn.]

SCARP, skärp, _n._ (_her._) a diminutive of the bend sinister, half its width: (_obs._) a shoulder-belt. [O. Fr. _escarpe_, escharpe: cf. _Scarf_ (1).]

SCARP, skärp, _n._ (_fort._) any steep slope (same as Escarp).--_v.t._ to cut down a slope so as to render it impassable.--_adj._ SCARPED. [O. Fr. _escarpe_--It. _scarpa_--Old High Ger. _scharf_; cf. _Sharp_.]

SCARPINES, skär'pinz, _n.pl._ an instrument of torture resembling the boot. [Fr. _escarpins_, shoes.]