Part 7

SCARRED, skärd, _adj._ marked by scars.--_n._ SCAR'RING, a scar: a mark.--_adj._ SCAR'RY, bearing or pertaining to scars: having scars.

SCART, skärt, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to scratch: to scrape.--_n._ a slight wound: a dash or stroke: a niggard: a poor-looking creature.--_adj._ SCART'-FREE.

SCARUS, sk[=a]'rus, _n._ a genus of fishes including the parrot-wrasses. [_Scaridæ_.]

SCARY, sk[=a]r'i, _adj._ causing fright: timid: fluttered.

SCAT, SCATT, skat, _n._ a tax in the Shetland Islands.--_ns._ SCAT'HOLD, open ground for pasture; SCAT'LAND, land which paid duty for rights of pasture and peat. [A.S. _sceat_, a coin; Dut. _schat_, Ger. _schatz_.]

SCAT, skat, _interj._ be off!--_v.t._ to scare away.

SCAT, skat, _n._ (_prov._) a brisk shower of rain.--_adj._ SCAT'TY, showery. [Prob. conn. with _scud_.]

SCATCH, skach, _n._ a bit for bridles. [Fr. _escache_.]

SCATCHES, skach'ez, _n.pl._ stilts used for walking in dirty places. [O. Fr. _eschace_--Old Flem. _schætse_, a high shoe; Dut. _schaats_, pl. _schaatsen_, skates.]

SCATE. Same as _Skate_, a fish.

SCATH, SCATHE, sk[=a]th, _n._ damage, injury: waste.--_v.t._ to injure.--_adj._ SCATHE'FUL, destructive.--_n._ SCATHE'FULNESS, disadvantage: destructiveness.--_adj._ SC[=A]'THING, damaging; blasting: scorching.--_adv._ SC[=A]'THINGLY.--_adjs._ SC[=A]TH'LESS, without injury; SC[=A]'THY (_Scot._), mischievous: dangerous. [A.S. _sceathu_; Ger. _schade_, injury.]

SCATOLOGY, sk[=a]-tol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the knowledge of fossil excrement or coprolites: knowledge of the usages of primitive peoples about excrements, human and other.--_adj._ SCATOLOG'ICAL.--_ns._ SCAT'OMANCY, SCATOS'COPY, divination of disease by inspection of excrement; SCATOPH'AGA, the dung-flies.--_n.pl._ SCATOPHAG'IDÆ, a family of acanthopterygian fishes.--_adj._ SCATOPH'AGOUS, feeding on excrement. [Gr. _sk[=o]r_, skatos, dung, logia--legein, to speak; manteia, divination; skopein, to view; phagein, to eat.]

SCATTER, skat'[.e]r, _v.t._ to disperse in all directions: to throw loosely about: to strew: to sprinkle: to dispel: to put to flight: to drop: to throw shot too loosely.--_v.i._ to be dispersed or dissipated.--_n._ SCATT'ERBRAIN, a thoughtless, giddy person.--_adjs._ SCATT'ER-BRAINED, giddy; SCATT'ERED, widely separated: wandering: distracted: irregular.--_ns._ SCATT'ERER, one who or that which scatters; SCATT'ER-GOOD, a spendthrift; SCATT'ER-GUN, a shot-gun; SCATT'ERING, something scattered: dispersion: that which has been scattered: the irregular reflection of light from a surface not perfectly smooth.--_adj._ dispersing: rare, sporadic: diversified.--_adv._ SCATT'ERINGLY, in a dispersed manner: here and there.--_ns._ SCATT'ERLING (_Spens._), one who has no fixed abode: a vagabond; SCATT'ERMOUCH, any Latin or Levantine, in Pacific slang.--_adj._ SCATT'ERY, dispersed: sparse: few and far between. [A.S. _scateran_, scaterian; cf. _Shatter_.]

SCATURIENT, sk[=a]-t[=u]'ri-ent, _adj._ gushing like water from a fountain. [L. _scatur[=i]re_, to gush out.]

SCAUD, skäd, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to scald: to scold.

SCAUP, skawp, _n._ a sea-duck of genus Aythya, of northern regions, related to the pochard. [Ice. _skálp_--in _skálp-hæna_.]

SCAUPER, skaw'p[.e]r, _n._ a tool with semicircular face, used by engravers. [Prob. scalper.]

SCAUR, skär, a Scotch form of scare.

SCAUR, skawr, _n._ a precipitous bank or rock.--Also SCAR. [_Scar_.]

SCAURY, skä'ri, _n._ a young gull in Shetland. [Scand., Sw. _skiura_.]

SCAVAGE, skav'[=a]j, _n._ a duty or toll anciently exacted by mayors, &c., on goods exposed for sale.

SCAVENGER, skav'en-j[.e]r, _n._ one who cleans the streets: an animal which feeds on carrion: a child employed to pick up loose cotton from the floor in a cotton-mill.--_ns._ SCAV'AGERY, street-cleansing; SCAV'AGING.--_v.t._ SCAV'ENGE, to cleanse.--_ns._ SCAV'ENGER-BEE'TLE, a beetle which acts as a scavenger; SCAV'ENGER-CRAB, any crab which feeds on decaying animal matter; SCAV'ENGERING; SCAV'ENGERISM; SCAV'ENGERY.--SCAVENGER'S DAUGHTER, an instrument of torture by pressure with an iron hoop, invented by Sir W. Skevington, Lieutenant of the Tower under Henry VIII. [Orig. _scavager_, an inspector of goods for sale, and also of the streets; from _scavage_, duty on goods for sale--A.S. _sceawian_, to inspect; cf. _Show_.]

SCAVERNICK, skav'[.e]r-nik, _n._ (_Cornish_) a hare.

SCAVILONES, skav'i-l[=o]nz, _n.pl._ men's drawers worn in the sixteenth century under the hose.

SCAZON, sk[=a]'zon, _n._ in ancient prosody, a metre, the rhythm of which is imperfect toward the close of the line or period. [Gr. _skaz[=o]n_, limping.]

SCELERATE, sel'e-r[=a]t, _adj._ (_obs._) wicked, villainous.--_n._ a villain--also SCEL'ERAT.--_adjs._ SCEL'EROUS, SCELES'TIC. [O. Fr.--L. _sceleratus_--_scelus_, crime.]

SCELIDES, sel'i-d[=e]z, _n.pl._ the posterior limbs of a mammal.--_n._ SCEL'IDOSAUR, a dinosaur of the genus Scelidosaurus.--_adjs._ SCELIDOSAU'RIAN; SCELIDOSAU'ROID.--_n.pl._ SCELIDOSAU'RIDÆ, a family of mailed dinosaurs.--_ns._ SCELIDOSAU'RUS, the typical genus of Scelidosauridæ; SCELIO (s[=e]'li-[=o]), a genus of hymenopterous insects parasitic in the eggs of grasshoppers and locusts; SCELOP'ORUS (_U.S._), the common brown fence-lizard. [Gr. _skelis_, _skelidos_, a leg.]

SCELP, skelp, _n._ long strips of iron used in forming a gun-barrel.--Also SKELP.

SCENA, s[=e]'na, _n._ the stage of an ancient theatre (_pl._ SCENÆ, s[=e]'n[=e]): an elaborate dramatic solo (It., pron. sh[=a]'nä; pl. SCE'NE).--_n._ SCENARIO (she-nä'ri-[=o]), a skeleton libretto of a dramatic work. [L.]

SCEND, send, _n._ the upward angular displacement of a vessel--opposed to _Pitch_, the correlative downward movement.--_v.i._ to heave upward. [A corr. of _send_, influenced by _ascend_.]

SCENE, s[=e]n, _n._ a picture of the place of an action: a large painted view: place of action, occurrence, or exhibition: the part of a play acted without change of place: (_orig._) the stage of a theatre on which the actors perform: a series of landscape events connected and exhibited: a number of objects presented to the view at once: spectacle: view: any unseemly or ill-timed display of strong feeling between persons.--_v.t._ to exhibit: to display.--_ns._ SCENE'-DOCK, the space in a theatre adjoining the stage, where scenery is stored when not in use; SCENE'-MAN, one who manages the scenery in a theatre; SCENE'-PAINT'ER, one whose employment it is to paint scenery for theatres; SC[=E]'NERY, the painted representation on a stage: the appearance of anything presented to the eye: general aspect of a landscape; SCENE'-SHIFT'ER (same as SCENE-MAN).--_adjs._ SC[=E]'NIC, -AL, pertaining to scenery: dramatic: theatrical.--_adv._ SC[=E]'NICALLY.--_adjs._ SC[=E]NOGRAPH'IC, -AL, drawn in perspective.--_adv._ SC[=E]NOGRAPH'ICALLY.--_n._ SC[=E]NOG'RAPHY, the art of perspective: representation in perspective.--BEHIND THE SCENES, at the back of the visible stage; MAKE A SCENE, to make a noisy or otherwise unwelcome exhibition of feeling. [L. _scena_--Gr. _sk[=e]n[=e]_, a covered place, a stage.]

SCENT, sent, _v.t._ to discern by the sense of smell: to perfume: to have some suspicion of.--_v.i._ to become odoriferous: to smell.--_n._ a perfume: odour: sense of smell: chase followed by the scent: course of pursuit: scraps of paper strewed on the ground by the pursued in the boys' game of hare and hounds.--_ns._ SCENT'-BAG, the pouch of an animal which secretes an odoriferous substance; SCENT'-BOTT'LE, a small bottle for holding perfume; SCENT'-BOX.--_adjs._ SCENT'ED, perfumed; SCENT'FUL, highly odoriferous: quick of scent: having a good nose, as a dog.--_n._ SCENT'-GLAND, a glandular organ which secretes such substances as musk or castoreum.--_adv._ SCENT'INGLY, allusively: not directly.--_adj._ SCENT'LESS, having no scent or smell: destructive of scent.--_ns._ SCENT'-OR'GAN, a scent-gland; SCENT'-VASE, a vessel with a pierced cover designed to contain perfumes. [Fr. _sentir_--L. _sent[=i]re_, to feel.]

SCEPTIC, -AL, SKEPTIC, -AL, skep'tik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to the philosophical school in ancient Greece of Pyrrho and his successors: doubting: hesitating to admit the certainty of doctrines or principles: (_theol._) doubting or denying the truth of revelation.--_ns._ SCEP'SIS, SKEP'SIS, philosophic doubt; SCEP'TIC, one who is sceptical: (_theol._) one who doubts or denies the existence of God or the truths of revelation.--_adv._ SCEP'TICALLY.--_n._ SCEP'TICALNESS.--_v.i._ SCEP'TICISE, to act the sceptic.--_n._ SCEP'TICISM, that condition in which the mind is before it has arrived at conclusive opinions: doubt: the doctrine that no facts can be certainly known: agnosticism: (_theol._) doubt of the existence of God or the truth of revelation. [L. _scepticus_--Gr. _skeptikos_, thoughtful, _skeptesthai_, to consider.]

SCEPTRE, sep't[.e]r, _n._ the staff or baton borne by kings as an emblem of authority: royal power.--_v.t._ to invest with royal power.--_adjs._ SCEP'TRAL, regal; SCEP'TRED, bearing a sceptre: regal.--_n._ SCEP'TREDOM, reign.--_adjs._ SCEP'TRELESS, powerless, as a sceptreless king; SCEP'TRY, bearing a sceptre, royal. [L. _sceptrum_--Gr. _sk[=e]ptron_--_sk[=e]ptein_, to lean.]

SCERNE, s[.e]rn, _v.t._ (_obs._) to discern. [_Discern_.]

SCEUOPHYLACIUM, sk[=u]-[=o]-fi-l[=a]'shi-um, _n._ (_Gr. Church_) the repository of the sacred vessels.--_n._ SCEUOPH'YLAX, a sacristan, church treasurer. [Gr. _skeuos_, a vessel, _phylax_, a watcher.]

SCHÆFFERIA, shef-f[=e]'ri-a, _n._ a genus of polypetalous plants, the yellow-wood. [Named from _Schaeffer_, an 18th-cent. German botanist.]

SCHALENBLENDE, shä'len-blend, _n._ a variety of native zinc-sulphide. [Ger., _schale_, shell, _blende_, blende.]

SCHAPPE, shap'pe, _n._ a fabric woven from spun silk.

SCHEDIASM, sk[=e]'di-azm, _n._ cursory writing on a loose sheet. [Gr. _schediasma_--_schedon_, near.]

SCHEDULE, shed'[=u]l, _n._ a piece of paper containing some writing: a list, inventory, or table.--_v.t._ to place in a schedule or list. [O. Fr. _schedule_ (Fr. _cédule_)--L. _schedula_, dim. of _scheda_, a strip of papyrus--L. _scind[)e]re_, to cleave; or from Gr. _sched[=e]_, a leaf.]

SCHEELITE, sh[=e]'l[=i]t, _n._ native calcium tungstate. [From the Swedish chemist, K. W. _Scheele_ (1742-86).]

SCHEIK. Same as SHEIK.

SCHELLY, shel'i, _n._ a white fish.

SCHELM, skelm, _n._ (_Scot._) a rascal.--Also SCHEL'LUM, SHELM, SKEL'LUM. [O. Fr. _schelme_--Old High Ger. _scalmo_, plague; cf. Ger. _schelm_, a rogue.]

SCHELTOPUSIK, shel'to-p[=u]-sik, _n._ a Russian lizard.

SCHEMA, sk[=e]'ma, _n._ the image of the thing with which the imagination aids the understanding in its procedure: scheme, plan, outline generally: a diagrammatic outline or synopsis of anything: (_Gr. Church_) the monastic habit.--_adj._ SCHEMAT'IC.--_v.t._ SCH[=E]'MATISE, to arrange in outline.--_v.i._ to make a plan in outline.--_ns._ SCH[=E]'MATISM, form or outline of a thing: (_astrol._) the combination of the heavenly bodies; SCH[=E]'MATIST, a projector.

SCHEME, sk[=e]m, _n._ plan: something contrived to be done: purpose: plot: a combination of things by design: a specific organisation for some end: an illustrative diagram: a system: a statement in tabular form: a representation of the aspect of the heavenly bodies at a given time.--_v.t._ to plan: to contrive.--_v.i._ to form a plan.--_n._ SCHEME'-ARCH, an arch less than a semicircle.--_adj._ SCHEME'FUL.--_n._ SCH[=E]'MER.--_adj._ SCH[=E]'MING, given to forming schemes: intriguing.--_adv._ SCH[=E]'MINGLY, by scheming.--_n._ SCH[=E]'MIST, a schemer: an astrologer.--_adj._ SCH[=E]'MY, cunning: intriguing. [L. _schema_--Gr. _sch[=e]ma_, form--_echein_, _sch[=e]sein_, to hold.]

SCHEPEN, sk[=a]'pen, _n._ a Dutch magistrate. [Dut.]

SCHEROMA, ske-r[=o]'ma, _n._ inflammation of the eye without discharge. [Gr. _x[=e]ros_, dry.]

SCHERZO, sker'ts[=o], _n._ (_mus._) a passage or movement of a lively character, forming part of a musical composition of some length, as a symphony, quartette, or sonata.--_adj._ SCHERZAN'DO, playful. [It. _scherzo_, a jest, _scherzare_, to play--Teut.; Mid. High Ger. _scherz_ (Ger. _scherz_, Dut. _scherts_), jest.]

SCHESIS, sk[=e]'sis, _n._ habitude.--_adj._ SCHET'IC, constitutional: habitual. [Gr.,--_echein_, to have.]

SCHIAVONE, ski-a-v[=o]'ne, _n._ a backed, hilted broadsword of the 17th century. [It., the Doge's bodyguard, the _Schiavoni_ or Slavs being armed with it.]

SCHIEDAM, sk[=e]-dam', _n._ Hollands gin, named from the town near Rotterdam where it is chiefly made.

SCHILLER, shil'[.e]r, _n._ the peculiar bronze-like lustre observed in certain minerals, as hypersthene, &c., due to internal reflection.--_ns._ SCHILLERIS[=A]'TION, the process by which microscopic crystals have been developed in other minerals so as to give a submetallic sheen by internal reflection; SCHILL'ERITE, or SCHILL'ER-SPAR rock, enstatite schillerised. [Ger.]

SCHINDYLESIS, skin-di-l[=e]'sis, _n._ an articulation formed by the fitting of one bone into a groove in another, as in the sphenoid bone and vomer.--_adj._ SCHINDYLET'IC. [Gr.,--_schindylein_; to cleave, _schizein_, to cleave.]

SCHINUS, sk[=i]'nus, _n._ a genus of South American trees, of order _Anacardiaceæ_, the leaves yielding abundantly a fragrant, resinous, or turpentine-like fluid. [Gr. _schinos_, the mastic-tree.]

SCHIPPERKE, ship'p[.e]r-ke, _n._ a breed of dogs of the same group as the Eskimo and Pomeranian dog, but with almost no tail, favourites of the Belgian bargees. [Flem., 'little skipper.']

S-CHISEL, es-chiz'el, _n._ a cutting tool in well-boring.

SCHISIOPHONE, skiz'i-[=o]-f[=o]n, _n._ an induction balance for detecting flaws in iron rails. [Gr. _schisis_, a cleaving, _ph[=o]n[=e]_, sound.]

SCHISM, sizm, _n._ a separation in a church, from diversity of opinion or discipline, breach of unity without justifiable cause, also the tendency towards such.--_ns._ SCHIS'MA (_mus._), the difference between a pure and an equally tempered fifth; SCHISMAT'IC, one who separates from a church on account of difference of opinion.--_adjs._ SCHISMAT'IC, -AL, tending to, or of the nature of, schism.--_adv._ SCHISMAT'ICALLY.--_n._ SCHISMAT'ICALNESS.--_v.i._ SCHIS'MATISE, to practise schism: to make a breach in the communion of the church:--_pr.p._ schis'mat[=i]sing; _pa.p._ schis'mat[=i]sed.--GREAT, or GREEK, SCHISM, the separation of the Greek Church from the Latin, finally completed in 1054; WESTERN SCHISM, the division in the Western Church on the appointment by the Romans of Urban VI. to the papal chair in 1378, while the French cardinals elected Clement VII.--healed on the election of Martin V. by the Council of Constance in 1417. [L. _schisma_--Gr. _schizein_, to split.]

SCHIST, shist, _n._ a term properly applied to crystalline rocks with a foliated structure, as mica-schist, hornblende-schist, &c.--indurated clay-rocks with a fissile structure are sometimes erroneously described as schists.--_adjs._ SCHIST[=A]'CEOUS, slate-gray; SCHIST'IC, SCHIST'OUS, SCHIST'OSE, like schist: slaty.--_n._ SCHISTOS'ITY, quality of being schistose. [Fr. _schiste_--Gr. _schistos_--_schizein_, to split.]

SCHIZÆA, sk[=i]-z[=e]'a, _n._ a genus of ferns, with sporangia ovate, sessile, and arranged in spikes or panicles. [Gr. _schizein_, to split.]

SCHIZOCARP, skiz'[=o]-kärp, _n._ a dry fruit which splits at maturity into several closed one-seeded portions.--_adj._ SCHIZOCAR'POUS. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _karpos_, fruit.]

SCHIZOCEPHALY, skiz-[=o]-sef'a-li, _n._ the practice of preserving the heads of warriors among Maoris, &c. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _kephal[=e]_, the head.]

SCHIZOCOELE, skiz'[=o]-s[=e]l, _n._ a term applied to the perivisceral cavity of the _Invertebrata_, when formed by a splitting of the mesoblast.--_adj._ SCHIZOCOE'LOUS. [Gr, _schizein_, to cleave, _koilia_, a hollow.]

SCHIZODON, skiz'[=o]-don, _n._ a genus of South American octodont rodents. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _odous_, odontos, a tooth.]

SCHIZOGENESIS, skiz-[=o]-jen'e-sis _n._ reproduction by fission.--_adjs._ SCHIZOGEN'IC, SCHIZOGENET'IC.--_n._ SCHIZOG'ONY. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _genesis_, production.]

SCHIZOGNATHOUS, sk[=i]-zog'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ having the maxillo-palatine bones separate from each other and from the vomer, as in the gulls, plovers, &c.--_n.pl._ SCHIZOG'N[=A]THÆ, a subdivision of the carinate birds.--_n._ SCHIZOG'N[=A]THISM. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _gnathos_, the jaw.]

SCHIZOMYCETES, skiz-[=o]-m[=i]-s[=e]'t[=e]z, _n._ a botanical term for Bacteria, in reference to their commonest mode of reproduction--by transverse division. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _myk[=e]s_ (pl. _myk[=e]tes_), a mushroom.]

SCHIZONEMERTEA, skiz-[=o]-n[=e]-mer't[=e]-a, _n.pl._ the sea-worms which have the head fissured.--_adjs._ SCHIZONEMER'TEAN, SCHIZONEMER'TINE.

SCHIZONEURA, skiz-[=o]-n[=u]'ra, _n._ a genus of plant lice. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _neuron_, a nerve.]

SCIZOPHORA, sk[=i]-zof'[=o]-ra, _n.pl._ a division of dipterous insects. [Gr. _schizein_, cleave, _pherein_, bear.]

SCHIZOPODA, sk[=i]-zop'[=o]-da, _n.pl._ a group of crustaceans, having the feet cleft or double, including the opossum-shrimps and their allies.--_adj._ and _n._ SCHIZ'OPOD. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _pous_, _podos_, the foot.]

SCHIZORHINAL, skiz-[=o]-r[=i]'nal, _adj._ having the nasal bones separate: having the anterior nostrils prolonged in the form of a slit. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _rhis_, _rhinos_, the nose.]

SCHIZOTHECAL, skiz-[=o]-th[=e]'kal, _adj._ having the tarsal envelope divided, as by scutella--opp. to _Holothecal_. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _th[=e]k[=e]_, a case.]

SCHIZOTROCHOUS, sk[=i]-zot'r[=o]-kus, _adj._ with a divided disc, as a rotifer.--_n.pl._ SCHIZOT'ROCHA. [Gr. _schizein_, to cleave, _trochos_, a wheel.]

SCHLÄGER, shl[=a]'g[.e]r, _n._ the modern duelling-sword of German university students. [Ger.,--_schlagen_, to beat.]

SCHEGALIA, shle-g[=a]'li-a, _n._ a genus of birds of Paradise. [Named from the Dutch ornithologist Hermann _Schlegel_ (1805-84).]

SCHLICH, shlik, _n._ the finer portions of crushed ore, separated by water. [Ger.]

SCHMELZE, schmel'tse, _n._ glass used in decorative work. [Ger. _schmelz_, enamel.]

SCHNAPPS, SCHNAPS, shnaps, _n._ Holland gin, Hollands. [Ger. _schnapps_, a dram.]

SCHNEIDERIAN, shn[=i]-d[=e]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the mucous membrane of the nose--first described by the German anatomist C. V. _Schneider_ (1614-80).

SCHOENUS, sk[=e]'nus, _n._ a genus of monocotyledonous plants of the sedge family. [Gr. _schoinos_, a rush.]

SCHOLAR, skol'ar, _n._ a pupil: a disciple: a student: one who has received a learned education: a man of learning: a savant: in the English universities, an undergraduate partly supported from the revenues of a college.--_ns._ SCHOL'ARCH, the head of a school of philosophy; SCHOL'ARISM, the affectation of scholarship.--_adjs._ SCHOL'AR-LIKE, SCHOL'ARLY, like or becoming a scholar.--_n._ SCHOL'ARSHIP, the character of a scholar: learning: maintenance for a scholar, a benefaction, the annual proceeds of a bequest permanently invested for this purpose.--_adj._ SCHOLAS'TIC, pertaining to a scholar or to schools: scholar-like: pertaining to the schoolmen: excessively subtle: pedantic.--_n._ one who adheres to the method or subtleties of the schools of the middle ages.--_adv._ SCHOLAS'TICALLY, in a scholastic manner: according to the methods of the schools of philosophy.--_n._ SCHOLAS'TICISM, the aims, methods, and products of thought which constituted the main endeavour of the intellectual life of the middle ages: the method or subtleties of the schools of philosophy: the collected body of doctrines of the schoolmen. [Low L. _scholaris_--L. _schola_.]

SCHOLIAST, sk[=o]'li-ast, _n._ one of a class of ancient grammarians, mostly anonymous, who wrote short notes on the margins of the MSS. of ancient Greek and Roman classics, a writer of scholia: an annotator: a commentator.--_adj._ SCHOLIAS'TIC, pertaining to a scholiast or to scholia.--_ns._ SCH[=O]'LION, SCH[=O]'LIUM, one of the marginal notes of the old critics on the ancient classics: (_math._) an explanation tion added to a problem:--_pl._ SCH[=O]'LIA, SCH[=O]'LIUMS. [Gr. _scholiast[=e]s_--_scholion_, a scholium.]

SCHOOL, sk[=oo]l, _n._ a place for instruction: an institution of learning, esp. for children: the pupils of a school: exercises for instruction: the disciples of a particular teacher, or those who hold a common doctrine: a large number of fish migrating together, a shoal: a system of training: any means of knowledge, esp. (_mus._) a treatise teaching some particular branch of the art: a large hall in English universities, where the examinations for degrees, &c., are held--hence, one of these examinations (gen. _pl._) also the group of studies taken by a man competing for honours in these: a single department of a university: (_pl._) the body of masters and students in a college.--_v.t._ to educate in a school: to instruct: to admonish, to discipline.--_adj._ SCHOOL'ABLE, of school age.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-BOARD, a board of managers, elected by the ratepayers, whose duty it is to see that adequate means of education are provided for the children of a town or district; SCHOOL'-BOY, a boy attending a school: one learning the rudiments of a subject; SCHOOL'-CLERK, one versed in the learning of schools; SCHOOL'-CRAFT, learning; SCHOOL'-DAME, a schoolmistress.--_n.pl._ SCHOOL'-DAYS, the time of life during which one goes to school.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-DIVINE'; SCHOOL'-DIVIN'ITY, scholastic or seminary theology; SCHOOL'-DOC'TOR, a schoolman; SCHOOL'ERY (_Spens._), something taught, precepts; SCHOOL'-FELL'OW, one taught at the same school: an associate at school; SCHOOL'GIRL a girl attending school.--_n.pl._ SCHOOL'-HOURS, time spent at school in acquiring instruction.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-HOUSE, a house of discipline and instruction: a house used as a school: a schoolmaster's house; SCHOOL'ING, instruction in school: tuition: the price paid for instruction: reproof, reprimand; SCHOOL'-INSPEC'TOR, an official appointed to examine schools; SCHOOL'-MA'AM, a schoolmistress; SCHOOL'-MAID, a school-girl; SCHOOL'MAN, one of the philosophers and theologians of the second half of the middle ages; SCHOOL'MASTER, the master or teacher of a school, a pedagogue:--_fem._ SCHOOL'MISTRESS, a woman who teaches or who merely governs a school; SCHOOL'-MATE, one who attends the same school; SCHOOL'-NAME, an abstract term, an abstraction; SCHOOL'-PENCE, a small sum paid for school-teaching; SCHOOL'-POINT, a point for scholastic disputation; SCHOOL'-ROOM, a room for teaching in: school accommodation; SCHOOL'-SHIP, a vessel used for teaching practical navigation.--_adj._ SCHOOL'-TAUGHT, taught at school or in the schools.--_ns._ SCHOOL'-TEACH'ER, one who teaches in a school; SCHOOL'-TEACH'ING; SCHOOL'-TIME, the time at which a school opens; SCHOOL'-WHALE, one of a school of whales; BOARD'-SCHOOL, a school under the control of a school-board.--GRAMMAR SCHOOL, HIGH SCHOOL, a school of secondary instruction, standing between the primary school and the university; NATIONAL SCHOOLS, those schools in Ireland which are under the commissioners of national education; OXFORD SCHOOL, a name given to that party which adopted the principles contained in the _Tracts for the Times_ (cf. _Tractarianism_); PAROCHIAL SCHOOLS, in Scotland, schools in every parish for general education; PRIMARY SCHOOL, a school for elementary instruction; PUBLIC SCHOOL, an elementary or primary school: a school under the control of a school-board: an endowed classical school for providing a liberal education for such as can pay high for it--Eton, Harrow, Rugby, Winchester, Westminster, Shrewsbury, Charterhouse, St Paul's, and Merchant Taylors', &c.; RAGGED SCHOOL, a free school for destitute children's education and often maintenance, supported by voluntary efforts; SUNDAY SCHOOL, a school held on Sunday for religious instruction; TÜBINGEN SCHOOL, a rationalistic school of theologians founded by F. C. Baur (1792-1860), which explained the origin of the Catholic Church as due to the gradual fusion of an antagonistic Judaistic and Gentile party, the various stages of fusion being capable of being traced in the extant documents.--THE SCHOOLMASTER IS ABROAD, a phrase of Brougham's implying that education and intelligence are now widely spread. [L. _schola_--Gr. _schol[=e]_, leisure, a school.]

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SCHOONER, sk[=oo]n'[.e]r, _n._ a sharp-built, swift-sailing vessel, generally two-masted, rigged either with fore-and-aft sails on both masts, or with square top and topgallant sails on the foremast: an old form of covered emigrant-wagon: a large drinking-glass.--_n._ SCHOON'ER-SMACK, a sharp-bowed schooner. [Coined in New England from the prov. Eng. _scoon_ (Scot. _scon_), to make a flat stone skip along the surface of water; A.S. _scúnian_.]

SCHORL, shorl, _n._ black tourmaline--also SHORL.--_adjs._ SCHORL[=A]'CEOUS, SCHOR'LOUS, SCHOR'LY. [Ger. _schörl_, prob. from Sw. _skör_, brittle.]

SCHOTTISCHE, sho-t[=e]sh', _n._ a dance resembling a polka, danced by a couple: music adapted for the dance.--Also SCHOTTISH'. [Ger., 'Scottish.']

SCHOUT, skout, _n._ a municipal officer in the North American Dutch colonies. [Dut.]

SCHRANKIA, shrang'ki-a, _n._ a genus of leguminous plants, whose six species are all American--including the _sensitive-briar_. [Named from the German naturalist F. von Paula _Schrank_ (1747-1835).]

SCHUCHIN, skuch'in, _n._ an obsolete form of _escutcheon_.

SCHWEINITZIA, shw[=i]-nit'zi-a, _n._ a genus of gamopetalous plants of the Indian-pipe family, including the sweet pine-sap or Carolina beech-drops. [The Amer. botanist L. D. von _Schweinitz_ (1780-1834).]

SCHWENKFELDER, shwengk'fel-d[.e]r, _n._ a member of a religious sect, founded by Caspar von _Schwenkfeld_ (1490-1561), still found in Pennsylvania.--Also SCHWENK'FELDIAN.

SCIADIACEÆ, s[=i]-ad-i-[=a]'s[=e]-[=e], _n._ a family of fresh-water algæ, its typical genus _Sciadium_.

SCIAGRAPHY, s[=i]-ag'ra-fi, _n._ the art of casting and delineating shadows as they fall in nature: (_archit._) the vertical section of a building to show its interior structure: the art of dialling.--_ns._ SC[=I]'AGRAPH; SC[=I]AG'RAPHER.--_adjs._ SC[=I]AGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ SC[=I]AGRAPH'ICALLY. [Gr. _skiagraphia_--_skia_, a shadow, _graphein_, to write.]

SCIAMACHY, s[=i]-am'a-ki, _n._ Same as SCIOMACHY.

SCIAMETRY, s[=i]-am'e-tri, _n._ the doctrine of eclipses. [Gr. _skia_, shadow, _metrein_, to measure.]

SCIARA, s[=i]'a-ra, _n._ a genus of gnats or midges. [Gr. _skiaros_, shady--_skia_, a shadow.]

SCIATH, s[=i]'ath, _n._ an oblong shield of wicker-work formerly used in Ireland. [Ir. _sciath_.]

SCIATHERIC, -AL, s[=i]-a-ther'ik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to a sundial. [Gr. _skiath[=e]ron_--_skia_, shadow, _theran_, catch.]

SCIATICA, s[=i]-at'i-ka, _n._ a neuralgic affection of the great sciatic nerve.--_adjs._ SCIAT'IC, -AL, pertaining to, or affecting, the hip, ischiac.--_adv._ SCIAT'ICALLY. [Low L. _sciatica_--Gr. _ischion_.]

SCIENCE, s[=i]'ens, _n._ knowledge systematised: truth ascertained: pursuit of knowledge or truth for its own sake: knowledge arranged under general truths and principles: that which refers to abstract principles, as distinguished from 'art:' pre-eminent skill: trade: a department of knowledge.--_n._ SCIB'ILE, something capable of being known.--_adjs._ SC[=I]'ENCED, versed, learned; SC[=I]'ENT, knowing; SCIEN'TIAL (_Milt._), producing science: skilful; SCIENTIF'IC, -AL (_obs._), producing or containing science: according to, or versed in, science: used in science: systematic: accurate.--_adv._ SCIENTIF'ICALLY.--_ns._ SC[=I]'ENTISM, the view of scientists; SC[=I]'ENTIST, one who studies science, esp. natural science.--_adjs._ SCIENTIS'TIC.--_adv._ SC[=I]'ENTLY, knowingly.--_n._ SCIENT'OLISM, false science, superficial knowledge.--SCIENTIFIC FRONTIER, a term used by Lord Beaconsfield in 1878 in speaking of the rectification of the boundaries between India and Afghanistan, meaning a frontier capable of being occupied and defended according to the requirements of the science of strategy, in opposition to 'a hap-hazard frontier.'--ABSOLUTE SCIENCE, knowledge of things in themselves; APPLIED SCIENCE, when its laws are exemplified in dealing with concrete phenomena; DISMAL SCIENCE, political economy; GAY SCIENCE, a medieval name for belles-lettres and poetry generally, esp. amatory poetry; INDUCTIVE SCIENCE (see INDUCT); LIBERAL SCIENCE, a science cultivated from love of knowledge, without view to profit; MENTAL SCIENCE, mental philosophy, psychology; MORAL SCIENCE, ethics, the science of right and wrong, moral responsibility; OCCULT SCIENCE, a name applied to the physical sciences of the middle ages, also to magic, sorcery, witchcraft, &c.; SANITARY SCIENCE (see SANITARY); THE EXACT SCIENCES, the mathematical sciences; THE SCIENCE, the art of boxing; THE SEVEN LIBERAL SCIENCES, grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, music, geometry, and astronomy--these were the seven TERRESTRIAL SCIENCES, as opposed to the seven CELESTIAL SCIENCES, civil law, Christian law, practical theology, devotional theology, dogmatic theology, mystic theology, and polemical theology. [Fr.,--L. _scientia_--_sciens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _sc[=i]re_, to know.]

SCIL, an abbreviation of _scilicet_.

SCILICET, sil'i-set, _adv._ to wit, namely, videlicet.

SCILLA, sil'a, _n._ a genus of liliaceous plants, as the squill. [L.,--Gr. _skilla_, a sea-onion.]

SCILLOCEPHALUS, sil-[=o]-sef'a-lus, _n._ a person with a conical cranium.--_adjs._ SCILLOCEPH'ALOUS. [Gr. _skilla_, a squill, _kephal[=e]_, a head.]