Part 14

OVERWHELM, [=o]-v[.e]r-hwelm', _v.t._ to overspread and crush by something heavy or strong: to flow over and bear down: to overcome.--_p.adj._ OVERWHEL'MING, crushing with weight, &c.: irresistible.--_adv._ OVERWHEL'MINGLY.

OVERWIND, [=o]-v[.e]r-w[=i]nd', _v.t._ to wind too far.

OVERWISE, [=o]-v[.e]r-w[=i]z', _adj._ wise overmuch: affectedly wise.--_adv._ OVERWISE'LY.

OVERWORK, [=o]-v[.e]r-wurk', _v.t._ and _v.i._ to work overmuch or beyond the strength: to tire.--_n._ O'VERWORK, excess of work: excessive labour.

OVERWORN, [=o]-v[.e]r-wörn', _adj._ worn out: subdued by toil: spoiled by use: worn or rubbed till threadbare.

OVERWREST, [=o]-v[.e]r-rest', _v.t._ (_Shak._) to wrest or twist from the proper position.

OVERWRESTLE, [=o]-v[.e]r-res'l, _v.t._ (_Spens._) to overcome by wrestling.

OVERWRITE, [=o]-v[.e]r-r[=i]t', _v.t._ to cover over with other writing.

OVERWROUGHT, [=o]-v[.e]r-rawt', _pa.p._ of OVERWORK, worked too hard: too highly excited: worked all over: overdone.

OVERYEAR, [=o]-v[.e]r-y[=e]r', _adj._ (_prov._) kept over from last year.

OVIDIAN, [=o]-vid'i-an, _adj._ belonging to, or resembling the style of, the Latin poet _Ovid_ (43 B.C.-17 A.D.).

OVIDUCT, [=o]'vi-dukt, _n._ a duct or passage for the egg in animals, from the ovary.

OVIFEROUS, [=o]-vif'[.e]r-us, _adj._ egg-bearing.--_n._ O'VIFER, a small wire cage on a solid base, for carrying an egg safely. [L. _ovum_, an egg, _ferre_, to bear.]

OVIFORM, [=o]'vi-form, _adj._ having the form of an oval or egg. [L. _ovum_, an egg.]

OVIFORM, [=o]'vi-form, _adj._ like a sheep: ovine. [L. _ovis_, a sheep.]

OVIGEROUS, ov-ij'[.e]r-us, _adj._ egg-bearing. [L. _ovum_, an egg, _ger[)e]re_, to bear.]

OVINE, [=o]'v[=i]n, _adj._ pertaining to the _Ovinæ_, sheep-like.--_n._ OVIN[=A]'TION, inoculation of sheep with ovine virus against sheep-pox.

OVIPAROUS, [=o]-vip'a-rus, _adj._ bringing forth or laying eggs instead of fully formed young.--_n.pl._ OVIP'ARA, animals that lay eggs.--_ns._ OVIPAR'ITY, OVIP'AROUSNESS. [L. _ovum_, egg, _par[)e]re_, to bring forth.]

OVIPOSITOR, [=o]-vi-poz'i-tor, _n._ the organ at the extremity of the abdomen of many insects, by which the eggs are deposited.--_v.i._ OVIPOS'IT, to deposit eggs with an ovipositor.--_n._ OVIPOSIT'ION. [L. _ovum_, egg, _positor_--_pon[)e]re_, to place.]

OVISAC, [=o]v'i-sak, _n._ the cavity in the ovary which immediately contains the ovum. [L. _ovum_, an egg, and _sac_.]

OVOID, -AL, [=o]'void, -al, _adj._ oval: egg-shaped.--_n._ an egg-shaped body. [L. _ovum_, egg, Gr. _eidos_, form.]

OVOLO, [=o]'v[=o]-l[=o], _n._ (_archit._) a moulding with the rounded part composed of a quarter of a circle, or of an arc of an ellipse with the curve greatest at the top. [It.,--L. _ovum_, an egg.]

OVOVIVIPAROUS, [=o]-v[=o]-vi-vip'ar-us, _adj._ producing eggs which are hatched in the body of the parent. [L. _ovum_, an egg, _vivus_, living, _par[)e]re_, to bring forth.]

OVULE, [=o]v'[=u]l, _n._ a little egg: the seed of a plant in its rudimentary state, growing from the placenta.--_adj._ OV'ULAR.--_ns._ OVUL[=A]'TION, the formation of ova, or the period when this takes place; OV'ULITE, a fossil egg. [Dim. of L. _ovum_, an egg.]

OVUM, [=o]'vum, _n._ an egg: (_biol._) the egg-cell, in all organisms the starting-point of the embryo, development beginning as soon as it is supplemented by the male-cell or spermatozoon:--_pl._ O'VA. [L.]

OWCHE, owch, _n._ Same as OUCH.

OWE, [=o], _v.t._ to possess or to be the owner of: to have what belongs to another: to be bound to pay: to be obliged for.--_v.i._ to be in debt.--BE OWING, to be due or ascribed (to). [A.S. _ágan_, pres. indic. _áh_, pret. _áhte_, pa.p. _ágen_; Ice. _eiga_, Old High Ger. _eigan_, to possess.]

OWELTY, [=o]'el-ti, _n._ equality. [O. Fr. _oelte_.]

OWENITE, [=o]'en-[=i]t, _n._ a disciple of Robert _Owen_ (1771-1858), a social reformer, who proposed to establish society on a basis of socialistic co-operation.

OWER, ow'[.e]r (_Scot._ for _over_).--_ns._ OW'ERCOME, OW'ERWORD, the refrain of a song.

OWING, [=o]'ing, _adj._ due: that has to be paid (to): happening as a consequence of: imputable to.

OWL, owl, _n._ a carnivorous bird that seeks its food by night, noted for its howling or hooting noise.--_v.i._ to smuggle contraband goods.--_ns._ OWL'ERY, an abode of owls: (_Carlyle_) an owl-like character; OWL'ET, a little or young owl.--_adj._ OWL'-EYED, having blinking eyes like an owl.--_n._ OWL'-GLASS, a malicious figure in a popular German tale, translated into English about the end of the 16th century--the German _Tyll Eulenspiegel_--also OWLE'GLASS, HOWLE'GLASS, OWL'SPIEGLE.--_adj._ OWL'ISH, like an owl: stupid: dull-looking.--_n._ OWL'ISHNESS. [A.S. _úle_; Ger. _eule_, L. _ulula_; imit.]

OWN, [=o]n, _v.t._ to grant: to allow to be true: concede: acknowledge. [A.S. _unnan_, to grant; Ger. _gönnen_, to grant.]

OWN, [=o]n, _v.t._ to possess: to be the rightful owner of. [A.S. _ágnian_, with addition of casual suffix--_ágen_, one's own; cf. _Own_ (adj.).]

OWN, [=o]n, _adj._ possessed: belonging to one's self and to no other: peculiar.--_ns._ OWN'ER, one who owns or possesses; OWN'ERSHIP, state of being an owner: right of possession. [A.S. _ágen_, pa.p. of _ágan_, to possess. Cf. _Owe_.]

OWRE, owr, _n._ (_Spens._). Same as AUROCHS. [A.S. _úr_.]

OWSEN, ow'sen, _n.pl._ a dialectic form of _oxen_.

OX, oks, _n._ a well-known animal that chews the cud, the female of which supplies the chief part of the milk used as human food: the male of the cow, esp. when castrated:--_pl._ OX'EN, used for both male and female.--_ns._ OX'-BOT, OX'-WAR'BLER, a bot-fly or its larva, found under the skin of cattle; OX'EYE, a common plant in meadows, with a flower like the eye of an ox.--_adj._ OX'-EYED, having large, full, ox-like eyes.--_ns._ OX'-GOAD (see GOAD); OX'-PECK'ER, OX'-BIRD, an African bird, which eats the parasites infesting the skins of cattle--also _Beefeater_; OX'-TAIL-SOUP, a kind of soup made of several ingredients, one of which is an oxtail cut in joints.--HAVE THE BLACK OX TREAD ON ONE'S FOOT, to experience sorrow or misfortune. [A.S. _oxa_, pl. _oxan_; Ice. _uxi_; Ger. _ochs_, Goth. _auhsa_, Sans. _ukshan_.]

OXALATE, oks'a-l[=a]t, _n._ a salt formed by a combination of oxalic acid with a base.--_n._ OX'ALITE, a yellow mineral composed of oxalate of iron.

OXALIS, oks'a-lis, _n._ wood-sorrel: (_bot._) a genus of plants having an acid taste.--_adj._ OXAL'IC, pertaining to or obtained from sorrel. [Gr.,--_oxys_, acid.]

OXFORD CLAY, oks'ford kl[=a], _n._ (_geol._) the principal member of the Middle Oolite series.--OXFORD MOVEMENT (see TRACTARIANISM).

OXGANG, oks'gang, _n._ as much land as can be tilled by the use of an ox (averaging about 15 acres)--called also OX'LAND or OX'GATE.

OX-HEAD, oks'-hed, _n._ (_Shak._) blockhead, dolt.

OXIDE, oks'[=i]d, _n._ a compound of oxygen and some other element or organic radical. Oxides are of three kinds--_acid-forming_, _basic_, and _neutral_.--_n._ OXIDABIL'ITY.--_adj._ OX'IDABLE, capable of being converted into an oxide.--_v.t._ OX'IDATE (same as OXIDISE).--_ns._ OXID[=A]'TION, OXIDISE'MENT, act or process of oxidising; OX'ID[=A]TOR, a contrivance for drawing a current of air to the flame of a lamp.--_adj._ OXIDIS'ABLE, capable of being oxidised.--_v.t._ OX'IDISE, to convert into an oxide.--_v.i._ to become an oxide.--_n._ OXIDIS'ER.

OXLIP, oks'lip, _n._ a species of primrose, having its flowers in an umbel on a stalk like the cowslip.

OXONIAN, oks-[=o]'ni-an, _adj._ of or pertaining to _Oxford_ or to its university.--_n._ an inhabitant or a native of Oxford: a student or graduate of Oxford.

OXTER, oks't[.e]r, _n._ (_Scot._) the armpit.--_v.t._ to hug with the arms: to support by taking the arm.

OXYGEN, oks'i-jen, _n._ a gas without taste, colour, or smell, forming part of the air, water, &c., and supporting life and combustion.--_n._ OXYCHL[=O]'RIDE, a chemical compound containing both chlorine and oxygen in combination with some other element.--_v.t._ OX'YGEN[=A]TE, to unite, or cause to unite, with oxygen.--_n._ OXYGEN[=A]'TION, act of oxygenating.--_v.t._ OX'YGENISE (same as OXYGENATE).--_adj._ OXYG'ENOUS, pertaining to, or obtained from, oxygen.--_adj._ OXYHY'DROGEN, pertaining to a mixture of oxygen and hydrogen, as in a form of blowpipe in which jets of either ignite as they issue from separate reservoirs. [Gr. _oxys_, sharp, _gen_, the root of _gennaein_, to generate.]

OXYMEL, oks'i-mel, _n._ a mixture of vinegar and honey. [Gr. _oxys_, sour, _meli_, honey.]

OXYMORON, ok-si-m[=o]'ron, _n._ a figure of speech, by means of which two ideas of opposite meaning are combined, so as to form an expressive phrase or epithet, as _cruel kindness_, _falsely true_, &c. [Gr.,--_oxys_, sharp, _m[=o]ros_, foolish.]

OXYOPIA, ok-si-[=o]'pi-a, _n._ unusual keenness of sight. [Gr.,--_oxys_, sharp, _[=o]ps_, the eye.]

OXYRHYNCHUS, ok-si-ring'kus, _n._ an Egyptian fish, formerly sacred to the goddess Hathor, and represented on coins and sculptures. [Gr.,--_oxys_, sharp, _rhyngchos_, a snout.]

OXYTONE, oks'i-t[=o]n, _adj._ having an acute sound: having the acute accent on the last syllable.--_n._ a word so accented. [Gr. _oxys_, sharp, _tonos_, tone.]

OYER, [=o]'y[.e]r, _n._ a hearing in a law-court, an assize.--OYER AND TERMINER, a royal commission conferring upon a judge or judges the power to hear and determine criminal causes pending in a particular county. [Norm. Fr. _oyer_ (Fr. _ouir_)--L. _aud[=i]re_, to hear.]

OYEZ, OYES, [=o]'yes, _interj._ the call of a public crier, or officer of a law-court, for attention before making a proclamation. [Norm. Fr., 2d pers. pl. imper. of _oyer_.]

OYSTER, ois't[.e]r, _n._ a well-known bivalve shellfish, used as food.--_ns._ OYS'TER-BANK, -BED, -FARM, -FIELD, -PARK, a place where oysters breed or are bred; OYS'TER-CATCH'ER, the sea pie--a sea wading bird of the family Hæmatopodidæ, having dark plumage and red bill and feet; OYS'TER-FISH'ERY, the business of catching oysters; OYS'TER-KNIFE, a knife for opening oysters.--_n.pl._ OYS'TER-PAT'TIES, small pies or pasties made from oysters.--_n._ OYS'TER-SHELL, the shell of an oyster.--_n.pl._ OYS'TER-TONGS, a tool used to dredge up oysters in deep water.--_ns._ OYS'TER-WENCH, -WIFE, -WOM'AN, a woman who vends oysters. [O. Fr. _oistre_ (Fr. _huître_)--L. _ostrea_--Gr. _ostreon_, an oyster--_osteon_, a bone.]

OZOCERITE, [=o]-z[=o]-s[=e]'r[=i]t, _n._ a waxy-like substance, having a weak bituminous odour, found in Moldavia and elsewhere, and used for making candles.--Also OZOK[=E]'RITE. [Gr. _ozein_, to smell, _keros_, wax.]

OZOENA, [=o]-z[=e]'na, _n._ a term applied to any one of various diseased conditions of the nose accompanied by fetid discharge. [Gr. _ozein_, to smell.]

OZONE, [=o]'z[=o]n, _n._ name given to a supposed allotropic form of oxygen, when affected by electric discharges, marked by a peculiar smell.--_ns._ OZON[=A]'TION; OZONIS[=A]'TION; OZONOM'ETER.--_adj._ OZONOMET'RIC.--_ns._ OZONOM'ETRY; OZ[=O]'NOSCOPE.--_adjs._ OZONOSCOP'IC; O'ZONOUS. [Gr. _ozein_, to smell.]

OZOSTOMIA, [=o]-zo-st[=o]'mi-a, _n._ foul breath due to morbid causes. [Gr. _ozein_, to smell, _stoma_, the mouth.]

* * * * *

P the sixteenth letter of our alphabet, its sound the sharp labial mute, interchanging with other labials, esp. with _b_, the flat labial mute: P=400; ([=P])=400,000: the chemical symbol for phosphorus: (_math._) the Greek [PI]=a continued product, while small [pi] denotes the ratio of the circumference to the diameter.--MIND ONE'S P'S AND Q'S (see MIND).

PA, pä, _n._ papa, a child's name for father.

PABOUCHE, pa-b[=oo]sh', _n._ a slipper.--Also _Baboosh_.

PABULUM, pab'[=u]-lum, _n._ food of any kind, especially that of animals and plants: provender: fuel: nourishment for the mind.--_adjs._ PAB'ULAR, PAB'ULOUS, of or pertaining to food: fit for food: affording food. [L.,--_pasc[)e]re_, to feed.]

PACA, pak'a, _n._ the spotted cavy of South America. [Sp. and Port., the spotted cavy--Braz. _pak_, _paq_.]

PACABLE, p[=a]'ka-bl, _adj._ that may be calmed or quieted: willing to forgive.--_adj._ PAC[=A]'TED.--_n._ PAC[=A]'TION. [L. _pac[=a]re_, to make at peace--_pax_, peace.]

PACE, p[=a]s, _n._ a stride: the space between the feet in walking, 30 inches, a step: gait: rate of walking (of a man or beast): rate of speed in movement or work, often applied to fast living: mode of stepping in horses in which the legs on the same side are lifted together: amble: (_obs._) a passage.--_v.t._ to measure by steps: to cause to progress: to train in walking or stepping.--_v.i._ to walk: to walk slowly: to amble.--_adj._ PACED, having a certain pace or gait.--_ns._ PACE'-MAK'ER, one who sets the pace, as in a race; PAC'ER, one who paces: a horse whose usual gait is a pace.--KEEP, or HOLD, PACE WITH, to go as fast as: to keep up with. [Fr. _pas_--L. _passus_, a step--_pand[)e]re_, _passum_, to stretch.]

PACE, p[=a]'s[=e], _prep._ with or by the leave of (expressing disagreement courteously). [L., abl. of _pax_, peace.]

PACHA, PACHALIC. See PASHA, PASHALIC.

PACHY-, pak'i-, thick, in combination, as _adjs._ PACHYDAC'TYL, -OUS, having thick digits; PACH'YDERM, thick-skinned--_n._ one of an order of non-ruminant, hoofed mammals, thick-skinned, as the elephant:--_pl._ PACH'YDERMS, or PACHYDER'MATA.--_adj._ PACHYDER'MATOUS, thick-skinned: insensible to impressions.--_n._ PACHYDER'MIA, a form of elephantiasis in which the skin becomes thick and warty.--_adj._ PACHYDER'MOID.--_ns._ PACHY[=E]'MIA, a thickening of the blood--also PACHYÆ'MIA; PACHY'MA, a genus of fungi consisting of tuber-like growths, some of which are now referred to the genus _Polyporus_--also _Tuckahoe_, _Tuckahoe truffle_, or _Indian bread_; PACHYM[=E]'NIA, a thickening of the skin.--_adj._ PACHYM[=E]'NIC.--_n._ PACHYM'ETER, an instrument for measuring small thicknesses, as of paper.--_adjs._ PACH'YODONT, with thick teeth; PACH'YOTE, with thick ears, as a bat--also _n._; PACH'YPOD, having thick feet; PACHYP'TEROUS, having thick wings or fins.--_ns._ PACHYTH[=E]'RIUM, a South American fossil genus of gigantic edentate mammals; PACHYT'YLUS, a genus of locusts, embracing the dreaded Migratory Locust (_Pachytylus migratorius_). [Gr. _pachys_, thick.]

PACIFY, pas'i-f[=i], _v.t._ to make peaceful: to appease: to bring back peace to: to calm; to soothe.--_adjs._ PAC'IFIABLE, that may be pacified; PACIF'IC, peacemaking: appeasing: peaceful: mild: tranquil.--_n._ the ocean between Asia and America, so called by its discoverer Magellan because he sailed peacefully over it after weathering Cape Horn.--_adj._ PACIF'ICAL, pacific (obs. except in phrase _Letters pacifical_, letters recommending the bearer as one in peace and fellowship with the church--also _Letters of peace_, _Pacificæ_).--_adv._ PACIF'ICALLY.--_v.t._ PACIF'IC[=A]TE, to give peace to.--_ns._ PACIFIC[=A]'TION, the act of making peace, esp. between parties at variance; PACIF'IC[=A]TOR, PAC'IFIER, a peacemaker.--_adj._ PACIF'IC[=A]TORY, tending to make peace. [Fr. _pacifier_--L. _pacific[=a]re_--_pax_, _pacis_, peace, _fac[)e]re_, to make.]

PACK, pak, _n._ a bundle made to be carried on the back: a collection, stock, or store: a bundle of some particular kind or quantity, as of wool, 480 or 240 lb.: the quantity of fish packed: a complete set of cards: a number of animals herding together or kept together for hunting: a number of persons combined for bad purposes: any great number: a large extent of floating and broken ice: a wet sheet for folding round the body to allay inflammation, fever, &c.--_v.t._ to press together and fasten up: to place in order: to crowd: to assort, bring together, select, or manipulate persons, cards, &c. for some unjust object: to send away, as from one's presence or employment: to surround a joint, &c., with any substance to prevent leaking, &c.--_v.i._ to store things away anywhere for safe keeping, &c.: to settle into a firm mass: to admit of being put into compact shape: to depart in haste.--_ns._ PACK'AGE, the act of packing, also something packed: a bundle or bale: a charge made for packing; PACK'-AN'IMAL, a beast of burden used to carry goods on its back; PACK'-CINCH (-sinsh), a wide girth of canvas, &c., having a hook and ring attached for adjusting the load of a pack-animal; PACK'-CLOTH, a cloth in which goods are tied up: packsheet; PACK'ER, one who packs: one who cures and packs provisions: any device to fill the space between the tubing and the sides of an oil-well, &c.; PACK'ET, a small package: a ship or vessel employed in carrying packets of letters, passengers, &c.: a vessel plying regularly between one port and another (also PACK'ET-BOAT, PACK'ET-SHIP, &c.).--_v.t._ to bind in a packet or parcel: to send in a packet.--_ns._ PACK'ET-DAY, the day of the departure or arrival of a mail-ship; PACK'ET-NOTE (see NOTE-PAPER); PACK'-HORSE, a horse used to carry goods in panniers: a drudge; PACK'-ICE, a collection of large pieces of floating ice; PACK'ING, the act of putting into packs or of tying up for carriage: material for packing: anything used to fill an empty space, or to make a joint close, as the elastic ring round a moving rod or piston to make it a tight fit; PACK'ING-BOX, -CASE, a box in which goods are packed: a hollow place round the opening of a steam cylinder, filled with some soft substance which, being pressed hard against the piston-rod, makes it a tight fit; PACK'ING-NEED'LE, or _Sack-needle_, a strong needle for sewing up packages; PACK'ING-P[=A]'PER, a strong and thick kind of wrapping-paper; PACK'ING-PRESS, a press for squeezing goods into small compass for packing; PACK'ING-SHEET, or PACK'SHEET, coarse cloth for packing goods; PACK'-LOAD, the load an animal can carry on its back; PACK'MAN, a peddler or a man who carries a pack; PACK'-MULE, a mule used for carrying burdens; PACK'-SADD'LE, a saddle for packs or burdens; PACK'-THREAD, a coarse thread used to sew up packages; PACK'-TRAIN, a train of loaded pack-animals; PACK'WAY, a narrow path fit for pack-horses.--PACK A JURY, MEETING, &c., to fill up with persons of a particular kind for one's own purposes.--SEND ONE PACKING, to dismiss summarily. [Prob. Celt.; Gael. and Ir. _pac_, Bret. _pak_, a bundle; cf. Ger. _pack_, Dut. _pak_.]

PACK, pak, _adj._ (_Scot._) intimate, confidential.

PACKFONG, an incorrect form of _paktong_ (q.v.)

PACO, p[=a]'ko, _n._ same as ALPACA:--_pl._ P[=A]'COS.

PACT, pakt, _n._ that which is agreed on: an agreement: a contract--also PAC'TION.--_adj._ PAC'TIONAL.--PACTUM ILLICITUM, an unlawful agreement. [L. _pactum_--_pacisci_, _pactus_, to contract.]

PAD, pad, _n._ a thief on the high-road (more commonly _Footpad_): (abbrev. from _pad-horse_) a horse for riding on the road: an easy-paced horse.--_v.i._ to walk on foot: to trudge along: to rob on foot:--_pr.p._ pad'ding; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pad'ded.--_adj._ PAD'-CLINK'ING, keeping company with thieves.--_n._ PAD'DING-KEN, a low lodging-house inhabited by thieves.--STAND PAD, to beg by the roadside. [Dut. _pad_, a path.]

PAD, pad, _n._ anything stuffed with a soft material, to prevent friction or pressure, or for filling out: a soft saddle, cushion, &c.: a number of sheets of paper or other soft material fastened together for writing upon: the fleshy, thick-skinned under-surface of the toes of many animals, as the fox: a fox's foot generally: the large floating leaf of an aquatic plant: (_pl._) thick watered ribbon for watch-guards.--_v.t._ to stuff with anything soft: to fix colours in cloth:--_pr.p._ pad'ding; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ pad'ded.--_ns._ PAD'-CLOTH, a cloth covering a horse's loins; PAD'DER, one who pads or cushions; PAD'DING, the soft stuffing of a saddle, &c.: matter of less value introduced into a book or article in order to make it of the length desired: the process of mordanting a fabric; PAD'-EL'EPHANT, a working elephant, distinguished from a war or hunting one; PAD'-SADD'LE, a treeless, padded saddle; PAD'-TREE, the wooden or metal frame to which harness-pads are attached. [A variant of _pod_, orig. sig. 'a bag.']

PADDLE, pad'l, _v.i._ to dabble in water with the hands or the feet: to touch or toy with the fingers: to beat the water as with the feet: to row: to move in the water as a duck does: (_slang_) to make off.--_v.t._ to move by means of an oar or paddle: to finger, toy with.--_n._ a short, broad, spoon-shaped oar, used for moving canoes: the blade of an oar: one of the boards at the circumference of a paddle-wheel.--_ns._ PADD'LE-BEAM, one of the large timbers at the side of a paddle-wheel; PADD'LE-BOARD, one of the floats on the circumference of a paddle-wheel; PADD'LE-BOX, a wooden box covering the upper part of the paddle-wheel of a steamer; PADD'LER, one who paddles; PADD'LE-SHAFT, the axle on which the paddle-wheels of a steamer turn; PADD'LE-WHEEL, the wheel of a steam-vessel, which by turning in the water causes it to move forward; PADD'LE-WOOD, the light, strong wood of a Guiana tree of the dogbane family. [For _pattle_, freq. of _pat_.]

PADDLE, pad'l, _n._ (_B._) a little spade.--_n._ PADD'LE-STAFF, a spade for clearing a ploughshare. [Prob. from _spaddle_; cf. _Spade_.]

PADDOCK, pad'uk, _n._ a toad or frog.--_n._ PADD'OCK-STOOL, a toadstool. [Dim. of M. E. _padde_, a toad--Ice. _padda_.]

PADDOCK, pad'uk, _n._ a small park under pasture, immediately adjoining the stables of a domain: a small field in which horses are kept. [A.S. _pearroc_, a park--_sparran_ (Ger. _sperren_), to shut.]

PADDY, pad'i, _n._ rice in the husk.--_ns._ PADD'Y-BIRD, the Java sparrow or rice-bird; PADD'Y-FIELD, a field where rice is grown. [East Ind.]

PADDY, pad'i, _n._ a familiar name for an Irishman, from St _Patrick:_ a drill used in boring wells, with cutters that expand on pressure.--_n._ PADD'Y-WHACK, a nurse's word for a slap.

PADELLA, pa-del'la, _n._ a shallow vessel filled with fat, in the centre of which a wick has been placed--used in illuminations. [It., a frying-pan.]

PADEMELON, pad'[=e]-mel-on, _n._ a brush kangaroo or wallaby.--Also PAD'YMELON, PAD'DYMELON.

PADISHAH, pä'di-sha, _n._ chief ruler: great king, a title of the Sultan of Turkey or of the Sovereign of Great Britain as ruler of India. [Pers. _p[=a]d_, master, _sh[=a]h_, king; cf. _Pasha_.]

PADLOCK, pad'lok, _n._ a movable lock with a link turning on a hinge or pivot at one end, to enable it to pass through a staple or other opening, and to be pressed down to catch the bolt at the other end.--_v.t._ to fasten with a padlock. [Prob. prov. Eng. _pad_, a basket, and _lock_.]

PADMA, pad'ma, _n._ the true lotus.

PAD-NAG, pad'-nag, _n._ an ambling nag.

PADRE, pä'dre, _n._ father, a title given to priests in some countries.--_n._ PADR[=O]'NE, a person who jobs out hand-organs, or who gets children to beg for him:--_pl._ PADR[=O]'NI. [It. and Sp.,--L. _pater_, a father.]

PADUAN, pad'[=u]-an, _adj._ and _n._ belonging to _Padua:_ one of the clever imitations of old Roman bronze coins made at Padua in the 16th century: a Spanish dance, the pavan.

PADUASOY, pad'[=u]-a-soi, _n._ a smooth silk originally manufactured at _Padua_, used in the 18th century, also a garment of the same. [Fr. _soie de Padoue_.]

PÆAN, p[=e]'an, _n._ a song of triumph: any joyous song: a song in honour of Apollo, later also of Dionysus and Ares.--_n._ PÆ'ON, a foot of four syllables, one long, three short.--_adj._ PÆON'IC. [L.,--Gr. _Paian_ or _Pai[=o]n_, an epithet of Apollo.]

PÆDAGOGY, PÆDAGOGICS, PÆDOBAPTISM, PÆDOBAPTIST. See PEDAGOGY, PEDAGOGICS, PEDOBAPTISM, PEDOBAPTIST.

PÆNULA, p[=e]'n[=u]-la, _n._ a chasuble, esp. in its older form: a woollen outer garment covering the whole body, worn on journeys and in rainy weather.

PÆONIN, p[=e]'[=o]-nin, _n._ a red colouring matter obtained from yellow coralline.

PÆONY, p[=e]'o-ni, _n._ Same as PEONY.

PAFF, paf, _n._ a meaningless word, used with _piff_ to indicate jargon.

PAGAN, p[=a]'gan, _n._ a heathen: one who does not worship the true God.--_adj._ heathenish: pertaining to the worship of false gods.--_v.t._ P[=A]'GANISE, to render pagan or heathen: to convert to paganism.--_adj._ P[=A]'GANISH, heathenish.--_n._ P[=A]'GANISM, heathenism: the beliefs and practices of the heathen. [L. _paganus_, a rustic, heathen, because the country-people were later in becoming Christians than the people of the towns--_pagus_, a district--_pang[)e]re_, to fix.]

PAGE, p[=a]j, _n._ a boy attending on a person of distinction: a young lad employed as attendant: a contrivance for holding up a woman's skirt in walking.--_n._ PAGE'HOOD, condition of a page. [Fr. _page_; acc. to Littré, prob. from Low L. _pagensis_, a peasant--L. _pagus_, a village; acc. to Diez, but hardly with probability, through the It. _paggio_, from Gr. _paidion_, dim. of _pais_, _paidos_, a boy.]

PAGE, p[=a]j, _n._ one side of a written or printed leaf--4 pages in a folio sheet, 8 in a quarto, 16 in an octavo, 24 in a duodecimo, 36 in an octodecimo: a book, record, or source of knowledge: the type, illustrations, &c. arranged for printing one side of a leaf: (_pl._) writings.--_v.t._ to number the pages of.--_adj._ PAG'INAL.--_v.t._ PAG'IN[=A]TE, to mark with consecutive numbers, to page.--_ns._ PAGIN[=A]'TION, the act of paging a book: the figures and marks that indicate the number of pages; P[=A]'GING, the marking or numbering of the pages of a book. [Fr.,--L. _pagina_, a thing fastened--_pang[)e]re_, to fasten.]

PAGEANT, paj'ant, or p[=a]'-, _n._ a showy exhibition: a spectacle: a fleeting show: (_orig._) a platform on four wheels for the purpose of representing plays, &c.--_adj._ showy: pompous.--_n._ PAGE'ANTRY, splendid display: pompous spectacle. [M. E. _pagent_ (with excrescent _-t_), from an older form _pagen_ or _pagin_--Low L. _pagina_, a stage--L. _pagina_, a slab--_pang[)e]re_, to fix; cf. _Page_ (2).]

PAGODA, pa-g[=o]'da, _n._ an idol-house: an Indian idol: its temple: a gold coin formerly current in India, so called because the figure of a pagoda was stamped upon it--also PAGODE'.--_n._ PAG[=O]'DITE, the mineral which the Chinese carve into figures of pagodas, &c. [Port., a corr. of Pers. _but-kadah_, an idol-temple.]

PAGODE, pa-g[=o]d', _n._ a funnel-shaped sleeve worn by both sexes in the first half of the 18th century.

PAGUS, p[=a]'gus, _n._ a country district with scattered hamlets, also its fortified centre: among the early Teutons, a division of the territory larger than a village, like a wapentake or hundred.

PAH, pä, _interj._ an exclamation expressing contempt or disgust.

PAHLAVI. Same as PEHLEVI.

PAID, p[=a]d, _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ of pay.