Part 17

PAPER, p[=a]'p[.e]r, _n._ the material made from rags or vegetable fibres on which we commonly write and print: a piece of paper: a written or printed document or instrument, note, receipt, bill, bond, deed, &c.: a newspaper: an essay or literary contribution, generally brief: paper-money: paper-hangings for walls: a set of examination questions: free passes of admission to a theatre, &c., also the persons admitted by such.--_adj._ consisting or made of paper.--_v.t._ to cover with paper: to fold in paper: to treat in any way by means of paper, as to sand-paper, &c.: to paste the end-papers and fly-leaves at the beginning and end of a book before fitting it into its covers.--_ns._ P[=A]'PER-BAR'ON, or -LORD, one who holds a title that is merely official, like that of a Scotch Lord of Session, &c., or whose title is merely by courtesy or convention; P[=A]'PER-CASE, a box for holding writing materials, &c.; P[=A]'PER-CHASE, the game of hounds and hares, when the hares scatter bits of paper to guide the hounds; P[=A]'PER-CIGAR', a cigarette; P[=A]'PER-CLAMP, a frame for holding newspapers, sheets of music, &c., for easy reference; P[=A]'PER-CLIP, or _Letter-clip_, an appliance with opening and closing spring, for holding papers together; P[=A]'PER-CLOTH, a fabric prepared in many of the Pacific islands from the inner bark of the mulberry, &c.; P[=A]'PER-CRED'IT, credit given to a person because he shows by bills, promissory notes, &c. that money is owing to him; P[=A]'PER-CUT'TER, a machine for cutting paper in sheets, for trimming the edges of books, &c.; P[=A]'PER-DAY, one of certain days in each term for hearing causes down in the paper or roll of business; P[=A]'PER-ENAM'EL, an enamel for cards and fine note-paper.--_adj._ P[=A]'PER-FACED (_Shak._), having a face as white as paper.--_ns._ P[=A]'PER-FEED'ER, an apparatus for delivering sheets of paper to a printing-press, &c.; P[=A]'PER-FILE, an appliance for holding letters, &c., for safety and readiness of reference; P[=A]'PER-GAUGE, a rule for measuring the type-face of matter to be printed, and the width of the margin; P[=A]'PER-HANG'ER, one who hangs paper on the walls of rooms, &c.--_n.pl._ P[=A]'PER-HANG'INGS, paper, either plain or with coloured figures, for hanging on or covering walls.--_ns._ P[=A]'PERING, the operation of covering or hanging with paper: the paper itself; P[=A]'PER-KNIFE, -CUT'TER, -FOLD'ER, a thin, flat blade of ivory, &c., for cutting open the leaves of books and other folded papers; P[=A]'PER-MAK'ER, one who manufactures paper; P[=A]'PER-MAK'ING; P[=A]'PER-MAR'BLER, one engaged in marbling paper; P[=A]'PER-MILL, a mill where paper is made; P[=A]'PER-MON'EY, pieces of paper stamped or marked by government or by a bank, as representing a certain value of money, which pass from hand to hand instead of the coin itself; P[=A]'PER-MUS'LIN, a glazed muslin for dress linings, &c.; P[=A]'PER-NAU'TILUS, or -SAIL'OR, the nautilus; P[=A]'PER-OFF'ICE, an office in Whitehall where state-papers are kept; P[=A]'PER-PULP, the pulp from which paper is made; P[=A]'PER-PUNCH, an apparatus for piercing holes in paper; P[=A]'PER-REED (_B._), the papyrus; P[=A]'PER-RUL'ER, one who, or an instrument which, makes straight lines on paper; P[=A]'PER-STAIN'ER, one who prepares paper-hangings; P[=A]'PER-TEST'ER, a machine for testing the stretching strength of paper; P[=A]'PER-WASH'ING (_phot._), water in which prints have been washed; P[=A]'PER-WEIGHT, a small weight for laying on a bundle of loose papers to prevent them from being displaced.--_adj._ P[=A]'PERY, like paper.--BRISTOL PAPER or BOARD, a strong smooth paper for drawing on; BROWN-PAPER (see BROWN); CHINESE PAPER, rice-paper: a fine soft slightly brownish paper made from bamboo bark, giving fine impressions from engravings; CREAM-LAID PAPER, a smooth paper of creamy colour, much used for note-paper; DISTINCTIVE PAPER, a fine silk-threaded fibre paper used in the United States for bonds, &c.; FILTER-PAPER (see FILTER); HAND-MADE PAPER, that made wholly by hand, as still with some kinds of printing and drawing papers; HEIGHT-TO-PAPER, in typefounding, the length of a type from its face to its foot (11/12 inch); HOT-PRESSED PAPER, paper polished by pressure between heated plates; IMPERFECT PAPER, sheets of poorer quality, as the two outside quires of a ream; INDIA PAPER (see INDIAN); JAPANESE PAPER, a soft fine paper made from the bark of the paper-mulberry, giving good impressions of plate engravings; LITHOGRAPHIC PAPER, paper used for taking impressions from lithographic stones; LITMUS PAPER (see LITMUS); MARBLED PAPER (see MARBLE); PARCHMENT PAPER, a tough paper, prepared in imitation of parchment by dipping in diluted sulphuric acid and washing with weak ammonia; PLAIN PAPER, unruled paper: (_phot._) any unglossy paper; PLATE PAPER, the best class of book paper; PRINTING PAPER (see PRINT); RAG-PAPER, that made from the pulp of rags; RULED PAPER, writing-paper ruled with lines for convenience; SENSITISED PAPER (_phot._), paper chemically treated so that its colour is affected by the action of light; STATE-PAPER (see STATE); TEST-PAPER (see TEST); TISSUE-PAPER, a very thin soft paper for wrapping delicate articles, protecting engravings in books, &c.--also SILK-PAPER; TRACING-PAPER, transparent paper used for copying a design, &c., by laying it over the original, and copying the lines shown through it; TRANSFER-PAPER (see TRANSFER); VELLUM PAPER, a heavy ungrained smooth paper, sometimes used in fine printing; WHATMAN PAPER, a fine quality of English paper, with fine or coarse grain, used for etchings, engravings, &c.; WOVE PAPER, paper laid on flannel or felt, showing no marks of wires; WRAPPING-PAPER, coarse paper used for wrapping up parcels, &c. [A shortened form of _papyrus_.]

PAPETERIE, pap-e-tr[=e]', _n._ a box containing paper, &c., for writing purposes: stationery. [Fr.]

PAPHIAN, p[=a]'fi-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Paphos_ in Cyprus, sacred to Aphrodite: lascivious.--_n._ a native of Paphos, a votary of Aphrodite: a whore.

PAPIER-MÂCHÉ, pap'y[=a]-mä'sh[=a], _n._ a material consisting either of paper-pulp or of sheets of paper pasted together, which by a peculiar treatment resembles varnished or lacquered wood in one class of articles made of it, and in another class (chiefly architectural ornaments) somewhat resembles plaster. [Fr. _papier_--L. _papyrus_; _mâché_ is pa.p. of Fr. _mâcher_, to chew--L. _mastic[=a]re_, to masticate.]

PAPILIONACEOUS, pa-pil-yo-n[=a]'shus, _adj._ (_bot._) having a flower shaped somewhat like a butterfly, as the bean, pea, &c. [L. _papilio_, _-onis_, a butterfly.]

PAPILLA, pa-pil'a, _n._ one of the minute elevations on the skin, esp. on the upper surface of the tongue and on the tips of the fingers, and in which the nerves terminate: (_bot._) a nipple-like protuberance:--_pl._ PAPILL'Æ.--_adjs._ PAP'ILLAR, PAP'ILLARY, like a papilla, provided with papillæ; PAP'ILL[=A]TE, formed into a papilla, studded with papillæ.--_v.i._ and _v.t._ to become a papilla, to cover with such.--_adjs._ PAPILLIF'EROUS, papillate: bearing one or more fleshy excrescences; PAPILL'IFORM, like a papilla in form.--_ns._ PAPILL[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the optic papilla; PAPILL[=O]'MA, a tumour formed by the hypertrophy of one papilla, or of several, including warts, corns, &c.--_adjs._ PAPILLOM'ATOUS; PAP'ILL[=O]SE, full of papillæ, warty--also PAP'ILLOUS; PAPILL'[=U]LATE, finely papillose.--_n._ PAP'ILL[=U]LE, a very small papilla, a verruca or a variole. [L., a small pustule, dim. of _papula_.]

PAPILLOTE, pap'il-[=o]t, _n._ a curl-paper, from its fancied resemblance to a butterfly. [Fr., from _papillot_, old form of _papillon_, butterfly--L. _papilio_.]

PAPIST, p[=a]'pist, _n._ an adherent of the Pope: a name slightingly given to a Roman Catholic--(_prov._) P[=A]'PISH, P[=A]'PISHER.--_n._ P[=A]'PISM, popery.--_adjs._ P[=A]PIST'IC, -AL, pertaining to popery, or to the Church of Rome, its doctrines, &c.--_adv._ P[=A]PIST'ICALLY.--_n._ P[=A]'PISTRY, popery.

PAPOOSE, pap-[=oo]s', _n._ a N. Amer. Indian infant, usually wrapped up, fixed to a board, and thus carried by its mother or hung up for safety.--Also PAPPOOSE'.

PAPPUS, pap'us, _n._ (_bot._) the fine hair or down which grows on the seeds of some plants: the first hair on the chin.--_adjs._ PAPPIF'EROUS, bearing a pappus; PAPP[=O]SE', PAPP'OUS, provided or covered with down. [L. _pappus_--Gr. _pappos_, down.]

PAPUAN, pap'[=u]-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Papua_ or New Guinea.--_n._ an inhabitant of Papua: one of a race of black colour, dolichocephalic, with rough and frizzly hair, inhabiting many of the islands of the Pacific near Australia. [Malay.]

PAPULOSE, pap'[=u]-l[=o]s, _adj._ full of pimples--also PAP'[=U]LOUS.--_n._ PAP'[=U]LA, a small inflammatory pustule, a pimple:--_pl._ PAP'[=U]LÆ.--_adj._ PAP'[=U]LAR.--_ns._ PAP[=U]L[=A]'TION, the development of papules; PAP'[=U]LE, a pimple.--_adj._ PAPULIF'EROUS, pimply. [L. _papula_, a pimple.]

PAPYRUS, pa-p[=i]'rus, _n._ an Egyptian sedge, now scarcely found there, from the inner pith (_byblos_) of which the ancients made their paper: a manuscript on papyrus:--_pl._ PAPY'R[=I].--_adjs._ PAPYR[=A]'CEOUS, PAP'YRAL, PAPYR'[=E]AN, PAP'YRINE, pertaining to the papyrus or to papyri: like paper in appearance and consistency; PAPYRIT'IOUS, resembling paper, as the nests of certain wasps.--_n._ PAPYROGRAPH (p[=a]-p[=i]'r[=o]-graf), a hectograph or apparatus for producing copies of a written or printed document.--_v.t._ to produce by means of such.--_adj._ P[=A]PYROGRAPH'IC.--_n._ PAPYROG'RAPHY. [L.--Gr. _papyros_, prob. Egyptian.]

PAR, pär, _n._ state of equality: equal value, the norm or standard: state or value of bills, shares, &c. when they sell at exactly the price marked on them--i.e. without _premium_ or _discount_: equality of condition.--_v.t._ to fix an equality between.--PAR OF EXCHANGE, the value of coin of one country expressed in that of another.--ABOVE PAR, at a premium, or at more than the nominal value; AT PAR, at exactly the nominal value; BELOW PAR, at a discount, or at less than the nominal value; NOMINAL PAR, the value with which a bill or share is marked, or by which it is known. [L. _par_, equal.]

PAR, pär, _n._ Same as PARR.

PARA, pa-rä', _n._ a coin of copper, silver, or mixed metal in use in Turkey and Egypt, the 40th part of a piastre, and worth about 1/18th of a penny in Turkey and 1/16th in Egypt.

PARABAPTISM, par-a-bap'tizm, _n._ uncanonical baptism.

PARABASIS, pa-rab'a-sis, _n._ the chief of the choral parts in ancient Greek comedy, usually an address from the poet to the public. [Gr., _para_, beside, _basis_--_bainein_, to walk.]

PARABEMA, par-a-b[=e]'ma, _n._ in Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture, the chapel of the prothesis or the diaconicon, or sacristy, where divided by walls from the bema or sanctuary:--_pl._ PARAB[=E]'MATA.--_adj._ PARABEMAT'IC.

PARABLAST, par'a-blast, _n._ the supplementary or nutritive yolk of a meroblastic egg or metovum--as distinguished from the _archiblast_, or formative yolk.--_adj._ PARABLAST'IC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _blastos_, a germ.]

PARABLE, par'a-bl, _n._ a comparison: a fable or story of something which might have happened, told to illustrate some doctrine, or to make some duty clear: (_B._) an apologue, proverb (Ps. lxxviii. 2, Hab. ii. 6).--_v.t._ to represent by a parable.--_adjs._ PARABOL'IC, -AL, like a parable or a parabola: expressed by a parable: belonging to, or of the form of, a parabola.--_adv._ PARABOL'ICALLY. [Gr. _parabol[=e]_--_paraballein_, to compare--_para_, beside, _ballein_, to throw.]

PARABLEPSIS, par-a-blep'sis, _n._ false vision.--Also PAR'ABLEPSY. [Gr. _para_, beside, _blepsis_--_bleptein_, to see.]

PARABOLA, par-ab'o-la, _n._ (_geom._) a curve or conic section, formed by cutting a cone with a plane parallel to its slope (for illustration, see CONE).--_adjs._ PARABOL'IC; PARABOL'IFORM.--_n._ PARAB'OLOID, the solid which would be generated by the rotation of a parabola about its principal axis. [Gr. _parabol[=e]_; cf. _Parable_.]

PARABOLANUS, par-a-b[=o]-l[=a]'nus, _n._ in the early Eastern Church, a lay assistant to the clergy for waiting on the sick. [Gr. _parabolos_, reckless.]

PARABOLE, par-ab'o-le, _n._ (_rhet._) a parable, a comparison or similitude. [Gr.; cf. _Parable_.]

PARACELSIAN, par-a-sel'si-an, _adj._ of or relating to the famous Swiss philosopher and physician, _Paracelsus_ (1490-1541), or resembling his theories or practice. The name was coined for himself by Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, and apparently implied a claim to be greater than Celsus.

PARACENTESIS, par-a-sen-t[=e]'sis, _n._ (_surg._) the perforation of a cavity with a trocar, &c., tapping. [Gr., _para_, beside, _kentein_, to pierce.]

PARACENTRAL, par-a-sen'tral, _adj._ situated next a centrum.--_adj._ PARACEN'TRIC, approaching to the centre or receding from it.

PARACHORDAL, par-a-k[=o]r'dal, _adj._ (_biol._) lying alongside the cranial part of the notochord. [Gr. _para_, beside, _chord[=e]_, a chord.]

PARACHROMATISM, par-a-kr[=o]'ma-tizm, _n._ colour-blindness. [Gr. _para_, beside, _chroma_, colour.]

PARACHRONISM, par-ak'ron-izm, _n._ an error in dating an event by which it is made to appear later than it really was. [Gr., _para_, beside, _chronos_, time.]

PARACHROSE, par'a-kr[=o]s, _adj._ (_min._) changing colour by exposure to weather. [Gr., _para_, beside, _chroa_, colour.]

PARACHUTE, par'a-sh[=oo]t, _n._ an apparatus like an umbrella for descending safely from a balloon.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to descend by means of such.--_n._ PAR'ACHUTIST. [Fr., for _par' à chute_, from Fr. _parer_--L. _par[=a]re_, to prepare, _chute_, a fall--L. _cad[)e]re_.]

PARACLETE, par'a-kl[=e]t, _n._ the Comforter, Advocate, or Intercessor of John, xiv. 16, 26, 1 John, ii. 1, &c.--the Holy Ghost or Spirit.--_ns._ PARACL[=E]T'ICE, PARACL[=E]T'ICON, an office-book in the Greek Church containing the troparia of the whole ferial office for the year. [Through L., from Gr. _parakl[=e]tos_--_parakalein_, _para_, beside, _kalein_, to call.]

PARACME, pa-rak'm[=e], _n._ (_biol._) the decadence of an evolutionary series of organisms after reaching its highest point of development. [Gr. _para_, beside, _akm[=e]_, a point.]

PARACOLPITIS, par-a-kol-p[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of the outer coat of the vagina. [Gr. _para_, beside, _kolpos_, the womb.]

PARACOROLLA, par-a-k[=o]-rol'a, _n._ (_bot._) a crown or appendage of a corolla, usually as a nectary. [Gr. _para_, beside, L. _corolla_.]

PARACROSTIC, par-a-kr[=o]s'tik, _n._ a poem with the first verse containing the initial letters of the others.

PARACUSIS, par-a-k[=u]'sis, _n._ disordered hearing. [Gr. _para_, beside, _akousis_, hearing.]

PARACYANOGEN, par-a-s[=i]-an'[=o]-jen, _n._ a substance obtained by heating mercury cyanide almost to redness.

PARACYESIS, par-a-s[=i]-[=e]'sis, _n._ extra-uterine pregnancy.

PARADACTYLUM, par-a-dak'ti-lum, _n._ the side of a bird's toe. [Gr. _para_, beside, _daktylos_, a finger.]

PARADE, par-[=a]d', _n._ the orderly arrangement of troops for exercise or inspection: a review of troops: the place where such a display takes place: that which is displayed: great or splendid show of any kind: a public walk or promenade.--_v.t._ to show off: to marshal in military order.--_v.i._ to march up and down as if for show: to pass in military order: to march in procession. [Fr.--Sp. _parada_--_parar_, to halt--L. _par[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to prepare.]

PARADIGM, par'a-dim, _n._ an example: model: (_gram._) an example of the inflection of a word.--_adjs._ PARADIGMAT'IC, -AL, consisting of, or resembling, paradigms.--_n._ PARADIGMAT'IC, one who narrates the lives of religious persons by way of examples.--_adv._ PARADIGMAT'ICALLY. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _paradeigma_--_para_, beside, _deiknynai_, to show.]

PARADISE, par'a-d[=i]s, _n._ a park or pleasure-ground, esp. in ancient Persia: the garden of Eden: heaven: any place of great beauty or state of blissful delights: the happy abode of the righteous in heaven: (_slang_) the upper gallery in a theatre: (_archit._) a small private apartment, a court in front of a church.--_adjs._ PARADIS[=A]'IC, -AL, PARADIS'IAC, -AL, pertaining to, or resembling, paradise.--_n._ PAR'ADISE-FISH, a Chinese species of Macropid often kept in aquaria for its beauty of form and colouring.--_adjs._ PARADIS'IAL, PARADIS'IAN, pertaining to, suitable to, or resembling paradise; PARADIS'IC, -AL, pertaining to paradise.--BIRD OF PARADISE, an Eastern bird closely allied to the crow, with splendid plumage. [Fr. _paradis_--L. _paradisus_--Gr. _paradeisos_, a park, prob. Persian.]

PARADOS, par'a-dos, _n._ earthworks behind a fortified place, protecting against a rear attack.

PARADOX, par'a-doks, _n._ that which is contrary to received opinion, or that which is apparently absurd but really true.--_n._ PAR'ADOXER.--_adjs._ PARADOX'IC, -AL, of the nature of a paradox: inclined to paradoxes, said of persons.--_adv._ PARADOX'ICALLY.--_ns._ PARADOX'ICALNESS; PARADOX'IDES, a genus of trilobites; PAR'ADOXIST; PAR'ADOXY, the quality of being paradoxical.--HYDROSTATIC PARADOX (see HYDROSTATICS). [Through Fr. and L., from Gr. _paradoxon_--_para_, contrary to, _doxa_, an opinion.]

PARADOXURE, par-a-dok's[=u]r, _n._ a civet-like carnivore of Southern Asia and Malaysia, the palm-cat of India.--_adj._ PARADOX[=U]'RINE, having a paradoxical or peculiarly curling tail.

PARÆSTHESIA, par-es-th[=e]'si-a, _n._ abnormal sensation. [Gr. _para_, beyond, _aisth[=e]sis_, sensation.]

PARAFFIN, par'af-fin, _n._ a white, transparent, crystalline substance, obtained from shale, coal-tar, &c., much used instead of wax, tallow, &c. in making candles--so named as having little affinity--for an alkali--also PAR'AFFINE.--_v.t._ to coat or impregnate with paraffin.--_ns._ PAR'AFFIN-OIL, any of the mineral burning oils associated with the manufacture of paraffin; PAR'AFFIN-SCALE, unrefined paraffin. [Fr.,--L. _parum_, little, _affinis_, allied.]

PARAFFLE, pa-raf'l, _n._ (_Scot._) any pretentious display.

PARAGASTRIC, par-a-gas'trik, _adj._ lying alongside the gastric cavity: pertaining to the paragaster or the cavity of the sac of a sponge.

PARAGE, par'[=a]j, _n._ equality in law: a woman's portion at marriage. [_Par._]

PARAGENESIS, par-a-jen'e-sis, _n._ hybridism.--_adjs._ PARAGENET'IC; PARAGEN'IC, originating with the germ or at the genesis of an individual. [Gr. _para_, beside, _genesis_, birth.]

PARAGEUSIA, par-a-g[=u]'si-a, _n._ perverted sense of taste--also PARAGEU'SIS.--_adj._ PARAGEU'SIC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _geusis_, taste.]

PARAGLENAL, par-a-gl[=e]'nal, _n._ the coracoid of a fish--also _adj._ [Gr. _para_, beside, _gl[=e]n[=e]_, a socket.]

PARAGLOBULIN, par-a-glob'[=u]-lin, _n._ a globulin found in blood-serum, fibrino-plastin.--Also PARAGL[=O]'BIN.

PARAGLOSSA, par-a-glos'a, _n._ one of the two appendages of the ligula in insects.--_adjs._ PARAGLOSS'AL; PARAGLOSS'ATE, provided with paraglossæ. [Gr. _para_, beside, _gl[=o]ssa_, the tongue.]

PARAGNATHOUS, par-ag'n[=a]-thus, _adj._ having both mandibles of equal length.--_n._ PARAG'N[=A]THISM. [Gr. _para_, beside, _gnathos_, the jaw.]

PARAGOGE, par-a-g[=o]'j[=e], _n._ the addition of a letter or a syllable to the end of a word, as _amidst_ for _amid_, _generical_ for _generic_--also called _epithesis_ and _ecstasis_, as opposed to _prosthesis_ and _apocope_.--_adjs._ PARAGOG'IC, -AL, forming a paragoge: relating to, or of the nature of, paragoge: added on: additional.--PARAGOGIC FUTURE, the cohortative tense in Hebrew grammar--a lengthened form of the imperfect or future tense, usually confined to the first person, giving the sense of 'let me' or 'let us.' [L.,--Gr. from _para_, beyond, _agein_, to lead.]

PARAGON, par'a-gon, _n._ a pattern or model with which comparisons are made: (_Spens._) a companion or a rival: something supremely excellent: a size of printing-type intermediate between great-primer and double pica, equal to 20 points in the newer system.--_v.t._ to compare: to bring into comparison with: (_Shak._) to surpass. [O. Fr., from Sp. compound prep. _para con_, in comparison with--L. _pro_, for, _ad_, to, _con=cum_, with.]

PARAGRAM, par'a-gram, _n._ a play upon words: a pun.--_n._ PARAGRAM'MATIST, a punster. [Gr. _para_, beside, _gramma_, something written, _graphein_, to write.]

PARAGRAPH, par'a-graf, _n._ a distinct part of a discourse or writing marked by ¶, or by being begun on a new line, at more than the usual distance from the margin: a short passage, or a collection of sentences with unity of purpose.--_v.t._ to form into paragraphs.--_ns._ PAR'AGRAPHER, PAR'AGRAPHIST, one who writes in paragraphs, esp. for newspapers.--_adjs._ PARAGRAPH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ PARAGRAPH'ICALLY. [The mark ¶ is the reversed initial of this word, which is, through Fr. and Low L., from Gr. _paragraphos_--_para_, beside, _graphein_, to write.]

PARAHELIOTROPISM, par-a-h[=e]-li-ot'r[=o]-pizm, _n._ the diurnal sleep of plants.--_adj._ PARAHELIOTROP'IC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _h[=e]lios_, the sun, _trepein_, to turn.]

PARAKEET. See PAROQUET.

PARALEIPSIS, par-a-l[=i]p'sis, _n._ (_rhet._) a figure by which one fixes attention on a subject by pretending to neglect it, as, 'I will not speak of his generosity, his gentleness of disposition, or his reverence for sacred things.' [Gr., from _paraleipein_, to leave on one side--_para_, beside, _leipein_, to leave.]

PARALIPOMENA, par-a-li-pom'e-na, _n.pl._ things passed over, but given in a supplement, specially the name given in the Septuagint to the First and Second Books of Chronicles, a recapitulation of Second Samuel and the Books of Kings. [Late L.,--Gr. _paraleipomena_--_paraleipein_, to pass over.]

PARALLAX, par'a-laks, _n._ an apparent change in the position of an object caused by change of position in the observer: (_astron._) the difference between the apparent and real place of a star or other celestial object.--_adjs._ PARALLAC'TIC, -AL. [Gr. _parallaxis_--_para_, beside, _allassein_, to change--_allos_, another.]

PARALLEL, par'al-lel, _adj._ side by side: (_geom._) extended in the same direction and equi-distant in all parts: with the same direction or tendency: running in accordance with: resembling in all essential points: like or similar.--_n._ a line equi-distant from another at all points: a line drawn across a map or round a globe at right angles to the axis, marking latitude: likeness: a comparison: counterpart: (_pl._) trenches, dug parallel to the outline of a besieged fortress to protect the besiegers (_mil._).--_v.t._ to place so as to be parallel: to correspond, or to make to correspond, to:--_pr.p._ par'alleling or par'allelling; _pa.p._ par'alleled or par'allelled.--_n._ PAR'ALLELISM, state of being parallel: resemblance: comparison: likeness of form or meaning, as of two statements, clauses, or verses.--_adj._ PARALLELIS'TIC, of the nature of, or involving, parallelism.--_adv._ PAR'ALLELLY.--PARALLEL BARS, a pair of bars securely fixed, 4 to 6 feet above the ground, and about 1½ feet apart, used in gymnastics to strengthen the arms; PARALLEL FORCES, forces which act in parallel lines, having a single resultant, readily found by the method of moments; PARALLEL MOTION, a name given to any linkage by which circular motion may be changed into straight-line motion; PARALLEL RULERS, a mathematical instrument for drawing parallel lines. [Fr.,--L. _parallelus_--Gr. _parall[=e]los_--_para_, beside, _all[=e]l[=o]n_, of one another--_allos_, another.]

PARALLELEPIPED, par-al-lel-e-p[=i]'ped, _n._ a regular solid, the opposite sides and ends of which form three pairs of equal parallelograms.--Also PARALLELEP[=I]'PEDON, improperly PARALLELOP[=I]'PED, PARALLELOP[=I]'PEDON. [L.,--Gr. _parall[=e]lepipedon_--_parall[=e]los_, _epipedon_, a plane surface--_epi_, on, _pedon_, the ground.]

PARALLELOGRAM, par-al-lel'[=o]-gram, _n._ a plane four-sided figure, the opposite sides of which are parallel and equal.--_adjs._ PARALLELOGRAMMAT'IC, -AL, PARALLELOGRAM'MIC, -AL. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _parall[=e]los_, side by side, _gramma_, a line--_graphein_, to write.]

PARALOGISM, par-al'[=o]-jizm, _n._ reasoning beside the point: a conclusion not following from the premises--also PARAL'OGY.--_v.i._ PARAL'OGISE, to reason falsely. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _paralogismos_--_para_, beside, _logismos_--_logos_, discourse.]

PARALYSE, par'a-l[=i]z, _v.t._ to strike with paralysis or palsy: to make useless: to deaden the action of: to exhaust.--_n._ PARAL'YSIS, a loss of the power of motion, sensation, or function in any part of the body: palsy: loss of energy: state of being crippled.--_adj._ PARALYT'IC, of or pertaining to paralysis: afflicted with or inclined to paralysis.--_n._ one who is affected with paralysis.--GENERAL PARALYSIS, dementia paralytica. [Fr.,--L.,--Gr. _paralyein_, _paralysein_--_para_, beside, _lyein_, loosen.]

PARAMAGNETIC, par-a-mag-net'ik, _adj._ See under DIAMAGNETIC.

PARAMASTOID, par-a-mas'toid, _adj._ situated near the mastoid, paroccipital.--_n._ a paramastoid process.

PARAMATTA, par-a-mat'a, _n._ a fabric like merino made of worsted and cotton. [From _Paramatta_ in New South Wales.]

PARAMECIUM, par-a-m[=e]'si-um, _n._ an infusorian in pond water or vegetable infusions--also _Slipper Animalcule_:--_pl._ PARAM[=E]'CIA. [Gr. _param[=e]k[=e]s_, long-shaped, _para_, beside, _m[=e]kos_, length.]

PARAMENIA, par-a-m[=e]'ni-a, _n.pl._ disordered menstruation. [Gr. _para_, beside, _m[=e]n_, a month.]

PARAMERE, par'a-m[=e]r, _n._ (_biol._) a radiated part or organ: either half of a bi-laterally symmetrical animal--usually _Antimere_.--_adj._ PARAMER'IC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _meros_, a part.]

PARAMETER, par-am'[=e]-t[.e]r, _n._ (_geom._) the constant quantity which enters into the equation of a curve: in conic sections, a third proportional to any diameter and its conjugate diameter. [Gr. _para_, beside, _metron_, measure.]

PARAMNESIA, par-am-n[=e]'si-a, _n._ false memory. [Gr. _para_, beside, _mim-n[=e]skein_, to remind.]

PARAMO, par'a-m[=o], _n._ a bare wind-swept elevated plain. [Sp.]

PARAMORPH, par'a-morf, _n._ (_min._) a pseudomorph formed by a change in molecular structure without change of chemical composition.--_adjs._ PARAMORPH'IC, PARAMORPH'OUS.--_ns._ PARAMORPH'ISM, PARAMORPH[=O]'SIS. [Gr. _para_, beside, _morph[=e]_, form.]

PARAMOUNT, par'a-mownt, _adj._ superior to all others: chief: of the highest order or importance--opp. to _Paravail_.--_n._ the chief: a superior.--_adv._ PAR'AMOUNTLY. [O. Fr. _par amont_, _par_--L. prep. _per_; cf. _Amount_.]

PARAMOUR, par'a-m[=oo]r, _n._ a lover of either sex, now usually in the illicit sense. [Fr. _par amour_, by or with love--L. _per amorem_.]

PARANEMA, par-a-n[=e]'ma, _n._ (_bot._) paraphysis.--_adj._ PARANEMAT'IC. [Gr. _para_, about, _n[=e]ma_, a thread.]

PARANG, par'ang, _n._ a heavy Malay knife. [Malay.]

PARANGON, pa-rang'gon, _n._ a jeweller's term for a gem of remarkable excellence. [Fr.]

PARANOEA, par-a-n[=e]'a, _n._ chronic mental derangement--also PARANOI'A.--_ns._ PARANOE'AC, PARANOI'AC.--_adj._ PARANOE'IC. [Gr. _para_, beside, _noein_, to think.]

PARANTHELION, par-an-th[=e]'li-on, _n._ a diffuse whitish image of the sun, having the same altitude, at an angular distance of about 120°--due to reflection from atmospheric ice-prisms. [Gr. _para_, beside, _anti_, against, _h[=e]lios_, the sun.]

PARANUCLEUS, par-a-n[=u]'kl[=e]-us, _n._ (_biol._) an accessory nucleus in some protozoans.--_adjs._ PARAN[=U]'CLEAR, PARAN[=U]'CLEATE.--_n._ PARAN[=U]CL[=E]'OLUS, a mass of substance extruded from the nucleus, in pollen and spore mother-cells before division.

PARANYMPH, par'a-nimf, _n._ a friend of the bridegroom who escorted the bride on the way to her marriage: a bride's-man: one who countenances and supports another. [Gr. _para_, beside, _nymph[=e]_, a bride.]

PARAPEPTONE, par-a-pep't[=o]n, _n._ a proteid compound formed in gastric digestion, acid albumen.

PARAPET, par'a-pet, _n._ a rampart breast-high, to protect soldiers on a wall from the fire of an enemy: a breast-high wall on a bridge, house-roof, a platform, &c., to prevent persons from falling over.--_adj._ PAR'APETED, having a parapet. [Fr.,--It. _parapetto_--It. _parare_, to adorn--L. _par[=a]re_, to prepare, It. _petto_--L. _pectus_, the breast.]

PARAPH, par'af, _n._ a mark or flourish under one's signature.--_v.t._ to append a paraph to, to sign with initials. [_Paragraph._]

PARAPHASIA, par-a-f[=a]'zi-a, _n._ a form of aphasia in which one word is substituted for another.

PARAPHERNALIA, par-a-f[.e]r-n[=a]l'i-a, _n.pl._ ornaments of dress of any kind: trappings: that which a bride brings over and above her dowry: the clothes, jewels, &c. which a wife possesses beyond her dowry in her own right. [Late L. _parapherna_--Gr., from _para_, beyond, _phern[=e]_, a dowry--_pherein_, to bring.]

PARAPHIMOSIS, par-a-f[=i]-m[=o]'sis, _n._ strangulation of the glans penis by constriction of the prepuce.