Part 3

NEGOTIATE, ne-g[=o]'shi-[=a]t, _v.i._ to carry on business: to bargain: to hold intercourse for the purpose of mutual arrangement.--_v.t._ to arrange for by agreement: to manage: to transfer to another with all the rights of the original holder: to pass, as a bill: to sell.--_ns._ NEGOTI[=A]'TION, act of negotiating: the treating with another on business; NEG[=O]'TIATOR; NEG[=O]'TIATRIX.--_adj._ NEGOTI[=A]'TORY, of or pertaining to negotiation. [L. _negoti[=a]ri_, _-[=a]tus_--_negotium_, business--_nec_, not, _otium_, leisure.]

NEGRITO, ne-gr[=e]'to, _n._ the Spanish name for certain tribes of negro-like diminutive people in the interior of some of the Philippine Islands--also _Aëtas_ or _Itas_: in a wider sense, the Papuans and all the Melanesian peoples of Polynesia.

NEGRO, n[=e]'gr[=o], _n._ one of the black-skinned woolly-haired race in the Soudan and central parts of Africa, also their descendants in America.--_adj._ of or pertaining to the race of black men:--_fem._ N[=E]'GRESS.--_ns._ N[=E]'GRO-CORN, the name given in the West Indies to the plant durra or Indian millet; N[=E]'GROHEAD, tobacco soaked in molasses and pressed into cakes, so called from its blackness.--_adj._ N[=E]'GROID.--_n._ N[=E]'GR[=O]ISM, any peculiarity of speech noticeable among negroes, esp. in the southern United States. [Sp. _negro_--L. _niger_, black.]

NEGUS, n[=e]'gus, _n._ a beverage of either port or sherry with hot water, sweetened and spiced. [Said to be so called from Colonel _Negus_, its first maker, in the reign of Queen Anne.]

NEGUS, n[=e]'gus, _n._ the title of the kings of Abyssinia.

NEIF, n[=e]f, _n._ (_Shak._) the fist.

NEIGH, n[=a], _v.i._ to utter the cry of a horse:--_pr.p._ neigh'ing; _pa.t._ and _pa.p_. neighed (n[=a]d).--_n._ the cry of a horse--(_Scot._) NICH'ER. [A.S. _hn['æ]gan_; Ice. _hneggja_.]

NEIGHBOUR, nä'bur, _n._ a person who dwells, sits, or stands near another: one who is on friendly terms with another.--_adj._ (_B._) neighbouring.--_v.i._ to live near each other.--_v.t._ to be near to.--_n._ NEIGH'BOURHOOD, state of being neighbours, kindly feeling: adjoining district or the people living in it: a district generally, esp. with reference to its inhabitants.--_adj._ NEIGH'BOURING, being near: adjoining.--_n._ NEIGH'BOURLINESS.--_adjs._ NEIGH'BOURLY, like or becoming a neighbour: friendly: social--also _adv._; NEIGH'BOUR-STAINED (_Shak._), stained with neighbours' blood. [A.S. _neáhbúr_, _neáhgebúr_--A.S. _neáh_, near, _gebúr_ or _búr_, a farmer.]

NEIST, n[=e]st, a dialectic form of _next_.

NEITHER, n[=e]'_th_[.e]r, or n[=i]'_th_[.e]r, _adj._ and _pron._ not either.--_conj._ not either: and not: nor yet.--_adv._ not at all: in no case. [A.S. _ná_th_er, náw_th_er_, abbrev. of _náhwæther_--_ne_, not, _áhwæther_, _áwther_, either.]

NEIVIE-NICK-NACK, n[=e]'vi-nik'-nak, _n._ a Scotch children's game of guessing in which hand a thing is held while the holder repeats a rhyme beginning with these words.

NELUMBO, n[=e]-lum'b[=o], _n._ a genus of water-lilies including the _Egyptian Bean_ of Pythagoras, and the Hindu _Lotus_.--Also NELUM'BIUM. [Ceylon name.]

NEMALITE, nem'a-l[=i]t, _n._ a fibrous hydrate of magnesia. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, _lithos_, a stone.]

NEMATHECIUM, nem-a-th[=e]'si-um, _n._ a wart-like elevation on the surface of the thallus of certain florideous algæ. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, _th[=e]kion_, _th[=e]k[=e]_, case.]

NEMATHELMINTHES, nem-a-thel-min'thez, _n.pl._ a name applied to the thread-worms or nematodes (as _Ascaris_, _Guinea-worm_, _Trichina_), to the somewhat distinct _Gordiidæ_ or _hair-eels_, and to the more remotely allied _Acanthocephala_ or _Echinorhynchus_.--Also NEMATHELMIN'THA.--_adjs._ NEMATHEL'MINTH, -IC. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, _helmins_, _-minthos_, worm.]

NEMATOCEROUS, nem-a-tos'e-rus, _adj._ having long thready antennæ, as a dipterous insect. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, _keras_, a horn.]

NEMATOCYST, nem'a-t[=o]-sist, _n._ a cnida, one of the offensive organs of Coelenterates, as jellyfish. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, a thread, _kystis_, a bladder.]

NEMATOID, nem'a-toid, _adj._ thread-like--also NEM'ATODE.--_n.pl._ NEMATOI'DEA, a class of Vermes, with mouth, alimentary canal, and separate sexes, usually parasitic. [Gr. _n[=e]ma_, thread, _eidos_, form.]

NEMEAN, n[=e]'m[=e]-an, _adj._ pertaining to _Nemea_, a valley of Argolis in the Peloponnesus, famous for its public games held in the second and fourth of each Olympiad.

NEMERTEA, n[=e]-mer't[=e]-a, _n.pl._ a class of Vermes, mostly marine, unsegmented, covered with cilia, often brightly coloured, with protrusile proboscis, and usually distinct sexes.--_adj._ NEMER'TEAN. [Gr. _N[=e]mert[=e]s_, a nereid's name.]

NEMESIS, nem'e-sis, _n._ (_myth._) the goddess of vengeance: retributive justice.--_adj._ NEMES'IC. [Gr.,--_nemein_, to distribute.]

NEMO, n[=e]'mo, _n._ nobody: a nobody. [L.]

NEMOCEROUS, n[=e]-mos'e-rus, _adj._ having filamentous antennæ.

NEMORAL, nem'o-ral, _adj._ pertaining to a wood or grove.--_n._ NEMOPH'ILIST.--_adjs._ NEMOPH'ILOUS, fond of woods, inhabiting woods; NEM'OROSE, growing in woodland; NEM'OROUS, woody. [L. _nemus_, _-[)o]ris_, a grove.]

NEMPT, nemt (_Spens._), named, called.

NENUPHAR, nen'[=u]-far, _n._ the great white water-lily. [Fr.,--Ar.]

NEO-CATHOLIC, n[=e]-[=o]-kath'o-lik, _adj._ pertaining to the short-lived school of liberal Catholicism that followed Lamennais, Lacordaire, and Montalembert about 1830: pertaining to a small party within the Anglican Church, who think they have outgrown Keble and Pusey and the great Caroline divines, and are more noisy than intelligent in their avowal of preference for Roman doctrine, ritual, and discipline.

NEO-CHRISTIAN, n[=e]-[=o]-kris'tyan, _adj._ and _n._ of or pertaining to so-called _Neo-Christianity_, which merely means old Rationalism.

NEOCOMIAN, n[=e]-[=o]-k[=o]'mi-an, _adj._ and _n._ (_geol._) of or pertaining to the lower division of the Cretaceous system, including the Lower Greensand and the Wealden of English geologists. [Græcised from _Neuchâtel_, near which is its typical region; Gr. _neos_, new, _k[=o]m[=e]_, a village.]

NEOCOSMIC, n[=e]-[=o]-koz'mik, _adj._ pertaining to the present condition of the universe, esp. its races of men. [Gr. _neos_, new, _kosmos_, the universe.]

NEOCRACY, n[=e]-ok'ra-si, _n._ government by upstarts.

NEOGAMIST, n[=e]-og'a-mist, _n._ a person recently married.

NEOGRAMMARIAN, n[=e]-[=o]-gra-m[=a]'ri-an, _n._ one of the more recent school in the study of Indo-European grammar and philology, who attach vast importance to phonetic change, and the laws governing it.--_adj._ NEOGRAMMAT'ICAL.

NEOHELLENISM, n[=e]-[=o]-hel'en-izm, _n._ the modern Hellenism inspired by the ancient: the devotion to ancient Greek ideals in literature and art, esp. in the Italian Renaissance.

NEO-KANTIAN, n[=e]-[=o]-kan'ti-an, _adj._ pertaining to the philosophy of _Kant_ as taught by his successors.

NEO-LATIN, n[=e]-[=o]-lat'in, _n._ Latin as written by modern writers: new Latin, as in the Romance languages sprung from the Latin.

NEOLITE, n[=e]'[=o]-l[=i]t, _n._ a dark-green silicate of aluminium and magnesium. [Gr. _neos_, new, _lithos_, a stone.]

NEOLITHIC, n[=e]-[=o]-lith'ik, _adj._ applied to the more recent implements of the stone age--opp. to _Palæolithic_. [Gr. _neos_, new, _lithos_, a stone.]

NEOLOGY, n[=e]-ol'o-ji, _n._ the introduction of new words, or new senses of old words, into a language: (_theol._) new doctrines, esp. German rationalism.--_n._ NEOL[=O]'GIAN.--_adjs._ NEOLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to neology: using new words.--_adv._ NEOLOG'ICALLY.--_v.i._ NEOL'OGISE, to introduce new words or doctrines.--_ns._ NEOL'OGISM, a new word, phrase, or doctrine: the use of old words in a new sense; NEOL'OGIST, one who introduces new words or senses: one who introduces new doctrines in theology.--_adjs._ NEOLOGIS'TIC, -AL. [Gr. _neos_, new, _logos_, word.]

NEONOMIANISM, n[=e]-[=o]-n[=o]'mi-an-izm, _n._ the doctrine that the gospel is a new law, and that faith has abrogated the old moral obedience.--_n._ NEON[=O]'MIAN. [Gr. _neos_, new, _nomos_, law.]

NEONOMOUS, n[=e]-on'o-mus, _adj._ having a greatly modified biological structure, specialised according to recent conditions of environment. [Gr. _neos_, new, _nomos_, law.]

NEONTOLOGY, n[=e]-on-tol'o-ji, _n._ the science and description of extant, as apart from extinct, animals.--_n._ NEONTOL'OGIST. [Gr. _neos_, new, _on_, _ontos_, being, _logia_--_legein_, to speak.]

NEO-PAGANISM, n[=e]-[=o]-p[=a]'gan-izm, _n._ a revival of paganism, or its spirit--a euphemism for mere animalism.--_v.t._ NEO-P[=A]'GAN[=I]SE, to imbue with this spirit.

NEOPHOBIA, n[=e]-[=o]-f[=o]'bi-a, _n._ dread of novelty. [Gr. _neos_, new, _phobia_--_phebesthai_, to fear.]

NEOPHRON, n[=e]'[=o]-fron, _n._ a genus of vultures, having horizontal nostrils. [Gr.,--_neos_, new, _phren_, mind.]

NEOPHYTE, n[=e]'[=o]-f[=i]t, _n._ a new convert, one newly baptised or admitted to the priesthood, or to a monastery, a novice: a tyro or beginner.--_adj._ newly admitted or entered on office.--_n._ N[=E]'OPHYTISM. [L. _neophytus_--Gr. _neos_, new, _phytos_, grown--_phyein_, to produce.]

NEOPLASM, n[=e]'[=o]-plazm, _n._ a morbid new growth or formation of tissue.--_adj._ NEOPLAS'TIC.

NEOPLATONISM, n[=e]-[=o]-pl[=a]'to-nizm, _n._ a system of philosophy combining _Platonic_ and Oriental elements, originating with Ammonius Saccas at Alexandria in the 3d century, developed by Plotinus, Porphyry, Proclus, &c.--_adj._ NEOPLATON'IC.--_n._ NEOPL[=A]'TONIST.

NEOTERIC, -AL, n[=e]-[=o]-ter'ik, -al, _adj._ of recent origin, modern.--_v.i._ NEOT'ERISE.--_n._ NEOT'ERISM, the introduction of new things, esp. new words. [Gr.,--_ne[=o]teros_, comp. of _neos_, new.]

NEOTIC, n[=e]-ot'ik, _adj._ addressed to the understanding.

NEOTROPICAL, n[=e]-[=o]-trop'i-kal, _adj._ applied to the part of the New World including tropical and South America and the adjacent islands.

NEOZOIC, n[=e]-[=o]-z[=o]'ik, _adj._ denoting all rocks from the Trias down to the most recent formations, as opposed to _Palæozoic_. [Gr. _neos_, new, _zo[=e]_, life.]

NEP, nep, _n._ (_prov._) a knot in a fibre of cotton.

NEPENTHES, ne-pen'th[=e]z, _n._ (_med._) a drug that relieves pain--also NEPEN'THE: a genus of plants having a cup or pitcher attached to the leaf, often filled with a sweetish liquid, the pitcher-plant. [Gr.,--_n[=e]_, neg., _penthos_, grief.]

NEPHALISM, nef'a-lizm, _n._ total abstinence from alcoholic drinks.--_n._ NEPH'ALIST, a bigoted teetotaler. [Gr. _n[=e]phalios_, sober; _n[=e]phein_, to be sober.]

NEPHELINE, nef'e-lin, _n._ a rock-forming mineral, colourless, usually crystallising in hexagonal prisms, occurring in various volcanic rocks, as in certain basalts. [Gr. _nephel[=e]_, a cloud.]

NEPHELOID, nef'e-loid, _adj._ cloudy, turbid.--_ns._ NEPHELOM'ETER, a supposititious instrument for measuring cloudiness; NEPH'ELOSCOPE, an apparatus for illustrating the formation of cloud; NEPH'ELOSPHERE, an atmosphere of cloud surrounding a planet, &c. [Gr. _nephel[=e]_, cloud.]

NEPHEW, nev'[=u], or nef'[=u], _n._ the son of a brother or sister: (_orig._) a grandson (so in New Test.):--_fem._ NIECE. [O. Fr. _neveu_--L. _nepos_, _nepotis_, grandson, nephew; A.S. _nefa_, Ger. _neffe_, nephew.]

NEPHRALGIA, ne-fral'ji-a, _n._ pain or disease of the kidneys--also NEPHRAL'GY.--_ns._ NEPH'RITE, a mineral usually called _Jade_, an old charm against kidney disease; NEPHRIT'IC, a medicine for the cure of diseases of the kidneys.--_adjs._ NEPHRIT'IC, -AL, pertaining to the kidneys: affected with a disease of the kidneys: relieving diseases of the kidneys.--_ns._ NEPHR[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the kidneys; NEPH'ROCELE, hernia of the kidney; NEPHROG'RAPHY, a description of the kidneys.--_adj._ NEPH'ROID, kidney-shaped.--_ns._ NEPHROL'OGY, scientific knowledge of the kidneys; NEPHROT'OMY, the operation of excising the kidneys. [Gr. _nephros_, a kidney, _algos_, pain.]

NEPOTISM, nep'o-tizm, _n._ undue favouritism to one's relations, as in the bestowal of patronage.--_adjs._ NEPOT'IC, NEP[=O]'TIOUS.--_n._ NEP'OTIST, one who practises nepotism. [L. _nepos_, _nepotis_, a grandson.]

NEPTUNE, nep't[=u]n, _n._ (_Rom. myth._) the god of the sea, identified with the Greek Poseidon, represented with a trident in his hand: (_astron._) the outermost planet of the solar system, discovered in 1846.--_adj._ NEPT[=U]'NIAN, pertaining to the sea: (_geol._) formed by water: applied to stratified rocks or to those due mainly to the agency of water, as opposed to _Plutonic_ or _Igneous_.--_n._ NEP'T[=U]NIST, one who holds the Neptunian theory in geology--also _adj._ [L. _Neptunus_.]

NEREID, n[=e]'r[=e]-id, _n._ (_Gr. myth._) a sea-nymph, one of the daughters of the sea-god _Nereus_, who attended Neptune riding on sea-horses: (_zool._) a genus of marine worms like long myriapods.--_ns._ N[=E]'R[=E]IS, a nereid; N[=E]'R[=E]ITE, a fossil annelid related to the nereids. [L.,--Gr.]

NERINE, n[=e]-r[=i]'n[=e], _n._ a genus of ornamental South African plants of the Amaryllis family, with scarlet or rose-coloured flowers.--The Guernsey Lily is the _Nerine Sarniensis_.

NERITE, n[=e]'r[=i]t, _n._ a gasteropod of the genus _Nerita_ or the family _Neritidæ_.--_adj._ NERIT[=A]'CEAN.

NERIUM, n[=e]'ri-um, _n._ a genus of Mediterranean shrubs, with fragrant and showy pink, white, or yellowish flowers, the oleander.

NERO, n[=e]'ro, _n._ the last emperor of the family of the Cæsars, at Rome (54-68 A.D.): any cruel and wicked tyrant.--_adj._ NER[=O]'NIAN.

NERO-ANTICO, n[=a]-r[=o]-an-t[=e]'ko, _n._ a deep-black marble found in Roman ruins. [It.]

NERVE, n[.e]rv, _n._ bodily strength, firmness, courage: (_anat._) one of the fibres which convey sensation from all parts of the body to the brain: (_bot._) one of the fibres or ribs in the leaves of plants: a trade term for a non-porous quality of cork, slightly charred: (_pl._) hysterical nervousness.--_v.t._ to give strength or vigour to: to arm with force.--_adj._ NERV'AL.--_ns._ NERV[=A]'TION, the arrangement or distribution of nerves, esp. those of leaves; NERVE'-CELL, any cell forming part of the nervous system, esp. one of those by means of which nerve-fibres are connected with each other; NERVE'-CEN'TRE, a collection of nerve-cells from which nerves branch out.--_adj._ NERVED, furnished with nerves, or with nerves of a special character, as 'strong-nerved.'--_n._ NERVE'-F[=I]'BRE, one of the essential thread-like units of which a nerve is composed.--_adj._ NERVE'LESS, without strength.--_n._ NERVE'LESSNESS.--_adj._ NERV'INE, acting on the nerves: quieting nervous excitement.--_n._ a medicine that soothes nervous excitement.--_adjs._ NERV'OUS, having nerve: sinewy: strong, vigorous, showing strength and vigour: pertaining to the nerves: having the nerves easily excited or weak; NERV'OUS, NERVOSE', NERVED (_bot._) having parallel fibres or veins.--_adv._ NERV'OUSLY.--_n._ NERV'OUSNESS.--_adj._ NERV'[=U]LAR.--_ns._ NERV'[=U]LE, a small nerve, a small vein of an insect's wing--also _Nervulet_, _Veinlet_, _Venule_; NERV'URE, one of the nerves or veins of leaves: one of the horny tubes or divisions which expand the wings of insects: one of the ribs in a groined vault: a projecting moulding.--_adj._ NERV'Y, strong, vigorous.--NERVOUS SYSTEM (_anat._), the brain, spinal cord, and nerves collectively: the whole of the nerves and nerve-centres of the body considered as related to each other, and fitted to act together. [Fr.,--L. _nervus_; Gr. _neuron_, a sinew.]

NESCIENCE, nesh'ens, _n._ want of knowledge.--_adj._ NESC'IENT. [L. _nescientia_--_nesc[=i]re_, to be ignorant--_ne_, not, _sc[=i]re_, to know.]

NESH, nesh, _adj._ (_prov._) soft, crumbly: tender.--_v.t._ NESH'EN, to make tender.

NESHAMAH, nesh'a-mä, _n._ the highest degree of the soul in the cabbalistic system.

NESIOTE, n[=e]'si-[=o]t, _adj._ insular. [Gr. _n[=e]sos_, an island.]

NESKI, nes'ki, _n._ the cursive hand generally used in Arabic.--Also NESH'KI. [Ar.]

NESOGÆAN, n[=e]-s[=o]-j[=e]'an, _adj._ pertaining to Nesogæa--Polynesia or Oceania, New Zealand excepted, with regard to the distribution of its animals. [Gr. _n[=e]sos_, an island, _gaia_, the earth.]

NESS, nes, _n._ a promontory or headland. [A.S. _næss_; a doublet of _naze_, prob. conn. with _nose_.]

NEST, nest, _n._ the bed formed by a bird for hatching her young: the place in which the eggs of any animal are laid and hatched: a comfortable residence: a number of persons haunting one place for a bad purpose: the place itself: a number of baskets or boxes each fitting inside the next larger.--_v.t._ to form a nest for.--_v.i._ to build and occupy a nest.--_n._ NEST'-EGG, an egg left in the nest to keep the hen from forsaking it: something laid up as the beginning of an accumulation.--FEATHER ONE'S NEST, to provide for one's self, esp. from other people's property of which one has had charge. [A.S. _nest_; Ger. _nest_, L. _n[=i]dus_.]

NESTLE, nes'l, _v.i._ to lie close or snug as in a nest: to settle comfortably.--_v.t._ to cherish, as a bird does her young.--_adj._ NEST'LING, being in the nest, newly hatched.--_n._ act of making a nest: a young bird in the nest--also NEST'LER. [A.S. _nestlian_--_nest_.]

NESTOR, nes'tor, _n._ a Greek hero at Troy, remarkable for eloquence and wisdom gained through long life and varied experience: any one who possesses those qualities, a counsellor, adviser.--_adj._ NEST[=O]'RIAN.

NESTORIAN, nes-t[=o]'ri-an, _adj._ pertaining to the Christological doctrine of _Nestorius_, patriarch of Constantinople from 428 to his condemnation and deposition at the general council of Ephesus in 431; he held the true divinity and humanity of Christ, but denied their union in a single self-conscious personality, that union being merely moral or sympathetic--thus the personality was broken up into a duality.--_n._ a follower of Nestorius.--_n._ NEST[=O]'RIANISM.

NET, net, _n._ an open fabric of twine, &c., knotted into meshes for catching birds, fishes, &c.: anything like a net for keeping out insects, &c.: a meshed bag for holding a woman's hair: machine-made lace of various kinds: a snare: a difficulty.--_adj._ made of netting or resembling it, reticulate: caught in a net.--_v.t._ to form into network: to take with a net: to protect with a net, to veil.--_v.i._ to form network:--_pr.p._ net'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ net'ted.--_ns._ NET'-FISH, any fish, like the herring, caught in nets--opp. to _Trawl-fish_ and _Line-fish_; NET'-FISH'ERY, a place for net-fishing, the business of such fishing; NET'-FISH'ING, the method or the industry of fishing with nets.--_p.adj._ NET'TED, made into a net, reticulated: caught in a net.--_ns._ NET'TING, act or process of forming network: a piece of network: any network of ropes or wire, esp. for use on shipboard; NET'TING-NEED'LE, a kind of shuttle used in netting.--_adjs._ NET'TY, like a net; NET'-VEINED, in entomology, having a great number of veins or nervures like a network on the surface, as in the wings of many Orthoptera; NET'-WINGED, having net-veined wings.--_n._ NET'WORK, any work showing cross lines or open spaces like the meshes of a net. [A.S. _net_, _nett_; Dut. _net_, Ger. _netz_.]

NET, NETT, net, _adj._ clear of all charges or deductions--opp. to _Gross_: lowest, subject to no further deductions.--_v.t._ to produce as clear profit:--_pr.p._ net'ting; _pa.t._ and _pa.p._ net'ted. [_Neat._]

NETHELESSE, neth'les, _adv._=NATHLESS.

NETHER, ne_th_'[.e]r, _adj._ beneath another, lower: infernal.--_n._ NETH'ERLANDER, an inhabitant of Holland.--_adj._ NETH'ERLANDISH, Dutch.--_n.pl._ NETH'ERLINGS, stockings.--_adjs._ NETH'ERMORE, lower; NETH'ERMOST, lowest.--_n.pl._ NETH'ERSTOCKS (_Shak._), short stockings or half-hose for the leg, as distinguished from trunk hose for the thigh.--_advs._ NETH'ERWARD, -S, downward. [A.S. _neothera_, a comp. adj. due to adv. _nither_, downward; Ger. _nieder_, low.]

NETHINIM, neth'in-im, _n.pl._ (_B._) servants of the old Jewish temple, set apart to assist the Levites. [Heb.]

NETSUKE, net'su-k[=a], _n._ a small toggle or button, carved or inlaid, on Japanese pipe-cases, pouches, &c.

NETTLE, net'l, _n._ a common plant covered with hairs which sting sharply.--_v.t._ to fret, as a nettle does the skin: to irritate.--_ns._ NETT'LE-CLOTH, thick japanned cotton cloth used for leather; NETT'LE-FISH, a jelly-fish, sea-nettle; NETT'LERASH, a kind of fever characterised by a rash or eruption on the skin; NETT'LE-TREE, a genus of trees, with simple and generally serrated leaves, the fruit a fleshy, globose, one-celled drupe; NETT'LE-WORT, any plant of the nettle family. [A.S. _netele_; Ger. _nessel_.]

NETTLING, net'ling, _n._ the joining of two ropes, end to end, without seam: the tying in pairs of yarns in a ropewalk to prevent tangling. [_Knittle._]

NEUME, n[=u]m, _n._ a succession of notes to be sung to one syllable, a sequence: an old sign for a tone or a phrase. [O. Fr.,--Gr. _pneuma_, breath.]

NEURAL, n[=u]'ral, _adj._ pertaining to the nerves--also NEUR'IC.--_ns._ NEURIC'ITY, nerve-force; NEURIL'ITY, the function of the nervous system--that of conducting stimuli.--NEURAL ARCH, the arch of a vertebra protecting the spinal cord. [Gr. _neuron_, a nerve.]

NEURALGIA, n[=u]-ral'ji-a, _n._ pain of a purely nervous character, occurring in paroxysms, usually unaccompanied by inflammation, fever, or any appreciable change of structure in the affected part--(_obs._) NEURAL'GY.--_adjs._ NEURAL'GIC, NEURAL'GIFORM. [Gr. _neuron_, nerve, _algos_, pain.]

NEURASTHENIA, n[=u]-ras-the-n[=i]'a, _n._ nervous debility.--_adj._ NEURASTHEN'IC--also _n._ one suffering from this. [Gr. _neuron_, a nerve, _astheneia_, weakness.]

NEURATION, n[=u]-r[=a]'shun, _n._ Same as NERVATION.

NEURILEMMA, n[=u]-ri-lem'a, _n._ the external sheath of a nerve-fibre.

NEURITIS, n[=u]-r[=i]'tis, _n._ inflammation of a nerve.

NEUROHYPNOLOGY, n[=u]-r[=o]-hip-nol'o-ji, _n._ the study of hypnotism: the means employed for inducing the hypnotic state.--_ns._ NEUROHYPNOL'OGIST; NEUROHYP'NOTISM, hypnotism. [Gr. _neuron_, nerve, _hypnos_, sleep, _logia_, discourse.]

NEUROLOGY, n[=u]-rol'o-ji, _n._ the science of the nerves.--_adj._ NEUROLOG'ICAL.--_n._ NEUROL'OGIST, a writer on neurology. [Gr. _neuron_, nerve, _logia_, science.]

NEURON, n[=u]'ron, _n._ the cerebro-spinal axis in its entirety: a nervure of an insect's wing.

NEUROPATH, n[=u]'ro-path, _n._ one who takes nervous conditions solely or mostly into account in his pathology.--_adjs._ NEUROPATH'IC, -AL.--_adv._ NEUROPATH'ICALLY.--_ns._ NEUROPATHOL'OGY, the sum of knowledge of the diseases of the nervous system; NEUROP'ATHY, nervous disease generally. [Gr. _neuron_, nerve, _pathos_, suffering.]

NEUROPTERA, n[=u]-rop't[.e]r-a, _n.pl._ an order of insects which have generally four wings marked with a network of many nerves:--_sing._ NEUROP'TERON; also NEUROP'TER, NEUROP'TERAN.--_adjs._ NEUROP'TERAL, NEUROP'TEROUS, nerve-winged. [Gr. _neuron_, nerve, _ptera_, pl. of _pteron_, a wing.]

NEUROSE, n[=u]'r[=o]s, _adj._ nerved: having many nervures or veins, of an insect's wing, &c.

NEUROTIC, n[=u]-rot'ik, _adj._ relating to, or seated in, the nerves.--_n._ a disease of the nerves: a medicine useful for diseases of the nerves.--_adj._ NEUR[=O]'SAL.--_n._ NEUR[=O]'SIS, a nervous disease, esp. without lesion of parts, as epilepsy, &c.

NEUROTOMY, n[=u]-rot'om-i, _n._ the cutting or dissection of a nerve.--_adj._ NEUROTOM'ICAL. [Gr. _neuron_, a nerve, _tom[=e]_, cutting.]

NEUROTONIC, n[=u]-ro-ton'ik, _n._ a medicine intended to strengthen the nervous system.

NEUTER, n[=u]'t[.e]r, _adj._ neither: taking no part with either side: (_gram._) neither masculine nor feminine: neither active nor passive: (_bot._) without stamens or pistils: (_zool._) without sex.--_n._ one taking no part in a contest: (_bot._) a plant having neither stamens nor pistils: (_zool._) a sexless animal, esp. the working bee. [L., 'neither'--_ne_, not, _uter_, either.]

NEUTRAL, n[=u]'tral, _adj._ being neuter, indifferent: taking no part on either side: unbiassed: neither very good nor very bad, of no decided character: having no decided colour, bluish or grayish: (_chem._) neither acid nor alkaline.--_n._ a person or nation that takes no part in a contest.--_n._ NEUTRALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ NEU'TRALISE, to declare by convention any nation permanently neutral or neutral during certain hostilities: to make inert: to render of no effect.--_ns._ NEU'TRALISER; NEUTRAL'ITY, state of taking no part on either of two sides: those who are neutral.--_adv._ NEU'TRALLY.--NEUTRAL TINT, a dull grayish colour; NEUTRAL VOWEL, the vowel-sound heard in _but_, _firm_, _her_, &c., and commonly in unaccented syllables.--ARMED NEUTRALITY, the condition of a neutral power ready to repel aggression from either belligerent. [L. _neutralis_--_neuter_, neither.]

NÉVÉ, n[=a]-v[=a]', _n._ the same as _firn_ or _glacier snow_. [Fr.,--L. _nix_, _nivis_, snow.]

NEVEL, nev'el, _v.t._ (_Scot._) to beat with the fists.

NEVER, nev'[.e]r, _adv._ not ever: at no time: in no degree: not.--_adv._ NEV'ERMORE, at no future time.--_conj._ NEVERTHELESS', notwithstanding: in spite of that (earlier _Natheless_).--_adv._ NEVERTHEMORE' (_Spens._), none the more. [A.S. _n['æ]fre_--_ne_, not, _['æ]fre_, ever.]

NEW, n[=u], _adj._ lately made: having happened lately: recent, modern: not before seen or known: strange, different: recently commenced: changed for the better: not of an ancient family: as at first: unaccustomed: fresh from anything: uncultivated or only recently cultivated.--_adjs._ NEW'BORN (_Shak._), recently born; NEW'COME, recently arrived.--_n._ NEW'-COM'ER, one who has lately come.--_v.t._ NEW'-CREATE' (_Shak._), to create for the first time.--_adjs._ NEW'-FASH'IONED, made in a new way or fashion: lately come into fashion; NEW'-FLEDGED, having just got feathers; NEW'ISH, somewhat new: nearly new.--_adv._ NEW'LY.--_adj._ NEW'-MADE (_Shak._), recently made.--_v.t._ NEW'-MOD'EL, to model or form anew.--_n._ the Parliamentary army as remodelled by Cromwell after the second battle of Newbury, which gained a conclusive victory at Naseby (1645).--_n._ NEW'NESS.--_adj._ NEW'-SAD (_Shak._), recently made sad.--NEW BIRTH (see REGENERATION); NEW CHUM, a new arrival from the old country in Australia; NEW CHURCH, NEW JERUSALEM CHURCH, the Swedenborgian Church; NEW COVENANT (see COVENANT); NEW DEPARTURE (see DEPARTURE); NEW ENGLANDER, a native or resident in any of the New England states; NEW JERUSALEM, the heavenly city; NEW LEARNING (see RENAISSANCE); NEW LIGHT, a member of a relatively more advanced religious school--applied esp. to the party within the 18th-century Scottish Secession Church which adopted Voluntary views of the relations of Church and State, also sometimes to the Socinianising party in the Church of Scotland in the 18th century, &c.; NEW RED SANDSTONE (_geol._), the name formerly given to the great series of red sandstones which occur between the Carboniferous and Jurassic systems; NEW STYLE (see STYLE); NEW WOMAN, a name humorously applied to such modern women as rebel against the conventional restrictions of their sex, and ape men in their freedom, education, pursuits, amusements, clothing, manners, and sometimes morals; NEW WORLD, North and South America; NEW-YEAR'S DAY, the first day of the new year. [A.S. _níwe_, _neówe_; Ger. _neu_, Ir. _nuadh_, L. _novus_, Gr. _neos_.]

NEWEL, n[=u]'el, _n._ (_archit._) the upright column about which the steps of a circular staircase wind. [O. Fr. _nual_ (Fr. _noyau_), stone of fruit--Low L. _nucalis_, like a nut--L. _nux_, _nucis_, a nut.]

NEWEL, n[=u]'el, _n._ (_Spens._) a new thing: a novelty.

NEWFANGLED, n[=u]-fang'gld, _adj._ fond of new things: newly devised, novel.--_adv._ NEWFANG'LEDLY.--_ns._ NEWFANG'LEDNESS, NEWFANG'LENESS. [Corr. from M. E. _newefangel_--_newe_ (A.S. _níwe_), new, _fangel_ (A.S. _fangen_--_fón_), ready to catch.]

NEWFOUNDLAND, n[=u]-fownd'land, _n._ a large dog of great intelligence, a strong swimmer, black without any white markings, first brought from _Newfoundland_.

NEWGATE, n[=u]'g[=a]t, _n._ a famous prison in London.--NEWGATE CALENDAR, a list of Newgate prisoners, with their crimes; NEWGATE FRILL, or FRINGE, a beard under the chin and jaw.

NEWMARKET, n[=u]'mar-ket, _n._ a card-game for any number of persons, on a table on which duplicates of certain cards have been placed face up: a close-fitting coat, originally a riding-coat, a long close-fitting coat for women.