Part 8

OBSERVE, ob-z[.e]rv', _v.t._ to keep in view: to notice: to subject to systematic observation: to regard attentively: to remark, refer to in words: to comply with: to heed and to carry out in practice: to keep with proper ceremony: to keep or guard.--_v.i._ to take notice: to attend: to remark.--_adj._ OBSERV'ABLE, that may be observed or noticed: worthy of observation: remarkable: requiring to be observed.--_n._ OBSERV'ABLENESS.--_adv_. OBSERV'ABLY.--_ns._ OBSERV'ANCE, act of observing or paying attention to: performance: attention: that which is to be observed: rule of practice, a custom to be observed: reverence: homage; OBSERV'ANCY, observance: obsequiousness.--_adj._ OBSERV'ANT, observing: having powers of observing and noting: taking notice: adhering to: carefully attentive.--_n._ (_Shak._) an obsequious attendant: one strict to comply with a custom, &c.; or OBSERV'ANTINE, one of those Franciscan monks of stricter rule who separated from the Conventuals in the 15th century.--_adv._ OBSERV'ANTLY.--_n._ OBSERV[=A]'TION, act of observing: habit of seeing and noting: attention: the act of recognising and noting phenomena as they occur in nature, as distinguished from _experiment:_ that which is observed: a remark: performance: the fact of being observed.--_adj_. OBSERV[=A]'TIONAL, consisting of, or containing, observations or remarks: derived from observation, as distinguished from _experiment_.--_adv._ OBSERV[=A]'TIONALLY.--_adj._ OBSER'VATIVE, attentive.--_ns._ OB'SERV[=A]TOR, one who observes: a remarker; OBSERV'ATORY, a place for making astronomical and physical observations, usually placed in some high and stable place; OBSERV'ER.--_adj._ OBSERV'ING, habitually taking notice: attentive.--_adv._ OBSERV'INGLY. [Fr.,--L. _observ[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ob_, before, _serv[=a]re_, to keep.]

OBSESSION, ob-sesh'un, _n._ persistent attack, esp. of an evil spirit upon a person: the state of being so molested from without--opp. to _Possession_, or control by an evil spirit from within. [L. _obsession-em_--_obsid[=e]re_, to besiege.]

OBSIDIAN, ob-sid'i-an, _n._ a natural glass--the vitreous condition of an acid lava. [From _Obsidius_, who, according to Pliny, discovered it in Ethiopia.]

OBSIDIONAL, ob-sid'i-[=o]-nal, _adj._ pertaining to a siege.--Also OBSID'IONARY.

OBSIGNATE, ob-sig'n[=a]t, _v.t._ to seal, confirm.--_n._ OBSIGN[=A]'TION.

OBSOLESCENT, ob-so-les'ent, _adj._ going out of use.--_n._ OBSOLESC'ENCE.--_adj._ OB'SOLETE, gone out of use: antiquated: (_zool._) obscure: not clearly marked or developed: rudimental.--_adv._ OB'SOLETELY.--_ns._ OB'SOLETENESS; OBSOL[=E]'TION (_rare_); OB'SOLETISM. [L. _obsolescens_, _-entis_, _pr.p._ of _obsolesc[)e]re_, _obsoletum_--_ob_, before, _sol[=e]re_, to be wont.]

OBSTACLE, ob'sta-kl, _n._ anything that stands in the way of or hinders progress: obstruction.--OBSTACLE RACE, a race in which obstacles have to be surmounted or circumvented. [Fr.,--L. _obstaculum_--_ob_, in the way of, _st[=a]re_, to stand.]

OBSTETRIC, -AL, ob-stet'rik, -al, _adj._ pertaining to midwifery.--_ns._ OBSTETRIC'IAN, one skilled in obstetrics; OBSTET'RICS, the science of midwifery, or the delivery of women in childbed; OBSTET'RIX, a midwife. [L. _obstetricius_--_obstetrix_, _-icis_, a midwife--_ob_, before, _st[=a]re_, to stand.]

OBSTINATE, ob'sti-n[=a]t, _adj._ blindly or excessively firm: unyielding: stubborn: not easily subdued or remedied.--_ns._ OB'STINACY, OB'STINATENESS, the condition of being obstinate: excess of firmness: stubbornness: fixedness that yields with difficulty, as a disease.--_adv._ OB'STINATELY. [L. _obstin[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ob_, in the way of, _st[=a]re_, to stand.]

OBSTIPATION, ob-sti-p[=a]'shun, _n._ extreme costiveness.

OBSTREPEROUS, ob-strep'[.e]r-us, _adj._ making a loud noise: clamorous: noisy.--_v.i._ OBSTREP'ER[=A]TE (_Sterne_).--_adv._ OBSTREP'EROUSLY.--_n._ OBSTREP'EROUSNESS. [L. _obstreperus_--_ob_, before, _strep[)e]re_, to make a noise.]

OBSTRICTION, ob-strik'shun, _n._ obligation. [L. _obstring[)e]re_, _obstrictum_, to bind up.]

OBSTROPULOUS, ob-strop'[=u]-lus, _adj._ a vulgar form of _obstreperous_.

OBSTRUCT, ob-strukt', _v.t._ to block up, to hinder from passing, to retard.--_ns._ OBSTRUC'TER, OBSTRUC'TOR, one who obstructs; OBSTRUC'TION, act of obstructing: that which hinders progress or action: opposition, esp. in a legislative assembly; OBSTRUC'TIONIST.--_adj._ OBSTRUC'TIVE, tending to obstruct: hindering.--_n._ one who opposes progress.--_adv._ OBSTRUCT'IVELY.--_adj._ OB'STRUENT, obstructing: blocking up.--_n._ (_med._) anything that obstructs, esp. in the passages of the body. [L. _obstru[)e]re_, _obstructum_--_ob_, in the way of, _stru[)e]re_, _structum_, to pile up.]

OBTAIN, ob-t[=a]n', _v.t._ to lay hold of: to hold: to procure by effort: to gain: to keep possession of.--_v.i._ to be established: to continue in use: to become customary or prevalent: to hold good: (_rare_) to succeed.--_adj._ OBTAIN'ABLE, that may be obtained, procured, or acquired.--_ns._ OBTAIN'ER; OBTAIN'MENT; OBTEN'TION, procurement.--OBTAIN TO (_Bacon_), to attain to. [Fr.,--L. _obtin[=e]re_--_ob_, upon, _ten[=e]re_, to hold.]

OBTECTED, ob-tek'ted, _adj._ covered, protected by a chitonous case, as the pupæ of most flies. [L. _obteg[)e]re_, _obtectum_, to cover over.]

OBTEMPER, ob-tem'per, _v.t._ to yield obedience to (with _to_, _unto_). [L. _obtemper[=a]re_.]

OBTEND, ob-tend', _v.t._ (_obs._) to oppose: to allege. [L. _obtend[)e]re_, to stretch before.]

OBTEST, ob-test', _v.t._ to call upon, as a witness: to beg for.--_v.i._ to protest.--_n._ OBTEST[=A]'TION, act of calling to witness: a supplication. [L. _obtest[=a]ri_, to call as a witness--_ob_, before, _testis_, a witness.]

OBTRUDE, ob-tr[=oo]d', _v.t._ to thrust in upon when not wanted: to urge upon against the will of.--_v.i._ to thrust one's self or be thrust upon.--_ns._ OBTRUD'ER; OBTRUD'ING, OBTRU'SION, a thrusting in or upon against the will of.--_adj._ OBTRUS'IVE, disposed to thrust one's self among others.--_adv._ OBTRUS'IVELY.--_n._ OBTRUS'IVENESS. [L. _obtrud[)e]re_--_ob_, before, _trud[)e]re_, _trusum_, to thrust.]

OBTRUNCATE, ob-trung'k[=a]t, _v.t._ to cut or lop off. [L. _obtrunc[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ob_, before, _trunc[=a]re_, cut off.]

OBTUND, ob-tund', _v.t._ to dull or blunt, to deaden.--_adj._ OBTUND'ENT, dulling.--_n._ an oily mucilage for sores: an application to deaden the nerve of a tooth. [L. _obtund[)e]re_, to strike upon.]

OBTURATE, ob't[=u]-r[=a]t, _v.t._ to close or stop up.--_ns._ OBTUR[=A]'TION, the act of stopping up, esp. in gunnery, of a hole to prevent the escape of gas; OB'T[=U]R[=A]TOR, that which stops or closes up, as a device of this kind in gunnery, &c.: in surgery, an artificial plate for closing an abnormal aperture or fissure, as with cleft palate, &c., or for distending an opening, as in lithotomy: any structure that shuts off a cavity or passage, esp. in anatomy, the membrane vessels, &c., closing the _obturator foramen_, or _thyroid foramen_, a large opening or fenestra in the anterior part of the hip-bone. [L. _obtur[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to stop up.]

OBTURBINATE, ob-tur'bi-n[=a]t, _adj._ inversely top-shaped.

OBTUSE, ob-t[=u]s', _adj._ blunt: not pointed: (_bot._) blunt or rounded at the point, as a leaf: stupid: not shrill: (_geom._) greater than a right angle.--_adjs._ OBTUSE'-ANG'LED, OBTUSE'-ANG'ULAR, having an angle greater than a right angle.--_adv._ OBTUSE'LY.--_ns._ OBTUSE'NESS, OBTUS'ITY. [Fr.,--L. _obtusus_--_obtund[)e]re_, to blunt--_ob_, against, _tund[)e]re_, to beat.]

OBUMBRATE, ob-um'br[=a]t, _v.t._ to overshadow, to darken.--_adj._ lying under some projecting part, as the abdomen of certain spiders.--_adj._ OBUM'BRANT, overhanging. [L. _obumbr[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to overshadow.]

OBVALLATE, ob-val'[=a]t, _adj._ walled up. [L. _obvall[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to wall round.]

OBVELATION, ob-v[=e]-l[=a]'shun, _n._ concealment.

OBVENTION, ob-ven'shun, _n._ (_obs._) any incidental occurrence, or advantage, esp. an offering.

OBVERSE, ob-v[.e]rs', _adj._ turned towards one: bearing the head, as one face of a coin--opp. to _Reverse_: a second or complemental aspect of the same fact, a correlative proposition identically, implying another: (_bot._) having the base narrower than the top.--_n._ OB'VERSE, the side of a coin containing the head, or principal symbol.--_adv._ OBVERSE'LY.--_n._ OBVER'SION, the act of turning toward the front of anything: in logic, a species of immediate inference--viz. the predicating of the original subject, the contradictory of the original predicate, and changing the quality of the proposition--e.g. to infer from _all_ A is B that _no_ A is not B--also called _Permutation_ and _Equipollence_.--_v.t._ OBVERT', to turn towards the front. [L. _obversus_--_ob_, towards, _vert[)e]re_, to turn.]

OBVIATE, ob'vi-[=a]t, _v.t._ to meet on the way, hence to remove, as difficulties. [L. _obvi[=a]re_, -[=a]tum--_ob_, in the way of, _vi[=a]re_, _vi[=a]tum_, to go--_via_, a way.]

OBVIOUS, ob'vi-us, _adj._ meeting one in the way: easily discovered or understood: evident.--_adv._ OB'VIOUSLY.--_n._ OB'VIOUSNESS. [L. _obvius_.]

OBVOLUTE, -D, ob'vo-l[=u]t, -ed, _adj._ rolled or turned in, as two leaves in a bud, one edge of each out and the other in, as in the poppy.--_adj._ OBVOL'VENT, curved downward or inward. [L. _obvolutus_--_ob_, before, _volv[)e]re_, _volutum_, to roll.]

OCARINA, ok-a-r[=e]'na, _n._ a kind of musical instrument with a whistling sound, made of terra-cotta, with finger-holes and a mouthpiece. [It.]

OCCAMISM, ok'am-mizm, _n._ the doctrine of the nominalist schoolman, William of _Occam_ or _Ockham_ (_c._ 1270-1349).--_n._ OCC'AMIST, a follower of Occam.

OCCAMY, ok'a-mi, _n._ a silvery alloy. [_Alchemy._]

OCCASION, o-k[=a]'zhun, _n._ a case of something happening: a special time or season: a chance of bringing about something desired: an event which, although not the cause, determines the time at which another happens: a reason or excuse: opportunity: requirement, business: a special ceremony.--_v.t._ to cause indirectly: to influence.--_adj._ OCC[=A]'SIONAL, falling in the way or happening: occurring only at times: resulting from accident: produced on some special event.--_ns._ OCC[=A]'SIONALISM, the philosophical system of the Cartesian school for explaining the action of mind upon matter, or the combined action of both by the direct intervention of God, who on the occasion of certain modifications in our minds, excites the corresponding movements of body, and on the occasion of certain changes in our body, awakens the corresponding feelings in the mind; OCC[=A]'SIONALIST; OCCASIONAL'ITY.--_adv._ OCC[=A]'SIONALLY.--_n._ OCC[=A]'SIONER.--ON OCCASION, in case of need: as opportunity offers, from time to time; TAKE OCCASION, to take advantage of an opportunity. [Fr.,--L. _occasion-em_--_occid[)e]re_--_ob_, in the way of, _cad[)e]re_, _casum_, to fall.]

OCCIDENT, ok'si-dent, _n._ the western quarter of the sky where the sun goes down or sets: the west generally.--_adj._ OCCIDEN'TAL, noting the quarter where the sun goes down or sets: western: relatively less precious, as a gem.--_n._ a native of some occidental country--opp. to _Oriental_.--_v.t._ OCCIDEN'TALISE, to cause to conform to western ideas or customs.--_ns._ OCCIDEN'TALISM, habits, &c., of occidental peoples; OCCIDEN'TALIST, a student of occidental languages--opp. to _Orientalist_: an individual belonging to an oriental country who favours western ideas, customs, &c.--_adv._ OCCIDEN'TALLY. [Fr.,--L. _occidens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _occid[)e]re_, to fall down.]

OCCIPUT, ok'si-put, _n._ the back part of the head or skull.--_adj._ OCCIP'ITAL, pertaining to the occiput or back part of the head.--_n._ the occipital bone.--_adv._ OCCIP'ITALLY.--_adjs._ OCCIP'ITO-AX'IAL, of or pertaining to the occipital bone and to the axis or second cervical vertebra; OCCIP'ITO-FRONT'AL, pertaining to the occiput and to the forehead; OCCIP'ITO-TEM'PORAL, pertaining to the occipital and temporal regions. [L.,--_ob_, over against, _caput_, head.]

OCCLUDE, o-kl[=oo]d', _v.t._ to absorb, as a gas by a metal.--_adj._ OCCLU'DENT, serving to close.--_n._ OCCLU'SION, a closing of an opening, passage, or cavity: the act of occluding or absorbing.--_adj._ OCCLU'SIVE, serving to close.--_n._ OCCLU'SOR, that which closes, esp. an organ for closing an opening in a body. [L. _occlud[)e]re_,--_ob_, before, _claud[)e]re_, to shut.]

OCCULT, ok-kult', _adj._ covered over: escaping observation: hidden: not discovered without test or experiment: secret, unknown, transcending the bounds of natural knowledge.--_n._ OCCULT[=A]'TION, a concealing, esp. of one of the heavenly bodies by another: state of being hid.--_adj._ OCCULT'ED (_Shak._), hidden, secret: (_astron._) concealed, as by a body coming between.--_ns._ OCCULT'ISM, the doctrine or study of things hidden or mysterious--theosophy, &c.; OCCULT'IST, one who believes in occult things.--_adv._ OCCULT'LY.--_n._ OCCULT'NESS.--OCCULT SCIENCES, alchemy, astrology, magic, &c. [Fr.,--L. _occul[)e]re_, _occultum_, to hide.]

OCCUPY, ok'[=u]-p[=i], _v.t._ to take or hold possession of: to take up, as room, &c.: to fill, as an office: to employ: (_B._) to use: to trade with: (_Shak._) to possess, enjoy.--_v.i._ to hold possession: (_B._) to trade:--_pa.t._ and _pa.p._ occ'[=u]pied.--_ns._ OCC'UPANCY, the act of occupying, or of taking or holding possession: possession: the time during which one occupies; OCC'UPANT, one who takes or has possession.--_v.t._ OCC'UP[=A]TE (_Bacon_), to hold: to possess:--_pr.p._ occ'[=u]p[=a]ting; _pa.p._ occ'[=u]p[=a]ted.--_n._ OCCUP[=A]'TION, the act of occupying or taking possession: possession: state of being employed or occupied: that which occupies or takes up one's attention: employment.--_adj._ OCCUP[=A]'TIVE.--_n._ OCC'UPIER, one who takes or holds possession of: an occupant: (_B._) a trader. [Fr.,--L. _occup[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_ob_, to, on, _cap[)e]re_, to take.]

OCCUR, o-kur', _v.i._ to come or be presented to the mind: to happen: to appear: to be found here and there: to coincide in time:--_pr.p._ occur'ring; _pa.p._ occurred'.--_ns._ OCCUR'RENCE, anything that occurs: an event, esp. one unlooked for or unplanned: occasional presentation; OCCUR'RENT, one who comes to meet another: (_B._) an occurrence or chance.--_adj._ (_B._) coming in the way. [Fr.,--L. _occurr[)e]re_--_ob_, towards, _curr[)e]re_, to run.]

OCEAN, [=o]'shan, _n._ the vast expanse of salt water that covers the greater part of the surface of the globe: one of its five great divisions (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Arctic, Antarctic): any immense expanse or vast quantity.--_adj._ pertaining to the great sea.--_n._ O'CEAN-B[=A]'SIN, the depression of the earth's surface in which the waters of an ocean are contained.--_adjs._ OCEAN'IAN, pertaining to _Oceania_, which includes Polynesia, Micronesia, Melanesia, Australasia, and Malaysia; OCEAN'IC, pertaining to the ocean: found or formed in the ocean or high seas, pelagic: wide like the ocean.--_ns.pl._ OCEAN'IC-IS'LANDS, islands far from the mainland, situated in the midst of the ocean; OCEAN'IDES, marine molluscs or sea-shells.--_ns._ O'CEAN-LANE (see LANE); OCEANOG'RAPHER, one versed in oceanography.--_adj._ OCEANOGRAPH'IC.--_ns._ OCEANOG'RAPHY, the scientific description of the ocean; OCEANOL'OGY, the science of the ocean: a treatise on the ocean. [Fr.,--L. _oceanus_--Gr. _[=o]keanos_, perh. from _[=o]kys_, swift.]

OCELLATE, -D, [=o]'sel-l[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ resembling an eye: marked with spots resembling eyes, as the feathers of a peacock.--_adjs._ OCEL'LAR, OC'ELLARY, ocellate, pertaining to ocelli; OCELLIF'EROUS, OCELLIG'EROUS, bearing spots like small eyes.--_n._ OCEL'LUS, a little eye, an eye-spot: one of the round spots of varied colour in the tail of a peacock, &c.:--_pl._ OCEL'L[=I]. [L. _ocellatus_--_ocellus_, dim. of _oculus_, an eye.]

OCELOT, [=o]'se-lot, _n._ the name of several species of animals in tropical America allied to the leopard, but much smaller.--_adj._ O'CELOID. [Mex.]

OCHER, OCHEROUS. See OCHRE.

OCH HONE, oh h[=o]n, an exclamation of lamentation. [Ir.]

OCHIDORE, ok'i-d[=o]r, _n._ a shore-crab.

OCHLESIS, ok-l[=e]'sis, _n._ an unhealthy condition due to overcrowding.--_adj._ OCHLET'IC. [Gr. _ochlos_, a crowd.]

OCHLOCRACY, ok-lok'ra-si, _n._ mob-rule: government by the populace.--_adjs._ OCHLOCRAT'IC, -AL.--_adv._ OCHLOCRAT'ICALLY. [Gr. _ochlokratia_--_ochlos_, the mob, _kratia_, rule.]

OCHRE, [=o]'k[.e]r, _n._ a fine clay, mostly pale yellow, used for colouring walls, &c.: (_slang_) money, esp. gold.--_adjs._ O'CHEROUS, OCHR[=A]'CEOUS, O'CHREOUS, O'CHROID, O'CHRY, consisting of, containing, or resembling ochre. [Fr.,--L. _ochra_--Gr. _[=o]chra_--_[=o]chros_, pale yellow.]

OCREA, [=o]'kre-a, _n._ (_bot._) a sheath formed of two stipules united round a stem:--_pl._ O'CHREÆ, O'CREÆ.--_adj._ O'CHRE[=A]TE. [L. _ochrea_, a legging.]

OCTACHORD, ok'ta-kord, _n._ a musical instrument with eight strings: a diatonic series of eight tones.

OCTAGON, ok'ta-gon, _n._ a plane figure of eight sides and eight angles.--_adj._ OCTAG'ONAL. [Gr. _okt[=o]_, eight, _g[=o]nia_, an angle.]

OCTAHEDRON, ok-ta-h[=e]'dron, _n._ a solid bounded by eight faces.--_adj._ OCTAH[=E]'DRAL. [Gr. _okt[=o]_, eight, _hedra_, a base.]

OCTANDROUS, ok-tan'drus, _adj._ (_bot._) having eight stamens.--_n.pl._ OCTAN'DRIA.--_adj._ OCTAN'DRIAN. [Gr. _okt[=o]_, eight, _an[=e]r_, _andros_, a man.]

OCTANGULAR, ok-tang'g[=u]-lar, _adj._ having eight angles.

OCTANT, ok'tant, _n._ the eighth part of a circle: an instrument for measuring angles: the aspect of two planets when 45°, or one-eighth of a circle, apart.--Also OC'TILE. [L. _octans_, _octantis_--_octo_, eight.]

OCTAPLA, ok'ta-pla, _n._ something eightfold: a Bible in eight languages. [Gr. _oktaplous_, eightfold.]

OCTAPODY, ok-tap'[=o]-di, _n._ (_pros._) a metre or verse of eight feet.--_adj._ OCTAPOD'IC.--_n._ OC'TASTICH, a strophe of eight verses or lines--also OCTAS'TICHON.--_adj._ OCTASTROPH'IC, consisting of eight strophes.

OCTASTYLE. See OCTOSTYLE.

OCTAVE, ok't[=a]v, _adj._ eight: consisting of eight.--_n._ an eighth: that which consists of eight: the eighth day after a church festival, counting the feast-day itself as the first: the period between a festival and its octave: (_mus._) an eighth, or an interval of twelve semitones: the eighth part of a pipe of wine. [Fr.,--L. _octavus_, eighth--_octo_, eight.]

OCTAVO, ok-t[=a]'v[=o], _adj._ having eight leaves to the sheet.--_n._ a book printed on sheets folded into eight leaves, contracted 8vo--usually meaning a medium octavo, 6×9½ inches. Smaller octavos are--post 8vo, 5½×8½ in.; demy 8vo, 5¼×8 in.; crown 8vo, 5×7½ in.; cap 8vo, 4½×7 in. Larger octavos are--royal 8vo, 6½×10 in.; super-royal 8vo, 7×11 in.; imperial 8vo, 8¼×11 in.:--_pl._ OCT[=A]'VOS.

OCTENNIAL, ok-ten'i-al, _adj._ happening every eighth year: lasting eight years.--_adv._ OCTENN'IALLY.--_n._ OCTOCEN'TENARY, the 800th anniversary of an event. [L. _octennis_--_octo_, eight, _annus_, a year.]

OCTILLION, ok-til'yun, _n._ the number produced by raising a million to the eighth power, expressed by a unit with forty-eight ciphers: in France and the United States, one thousand raised to the ninth power, expressed by a unit with twenty-seven ciphers. [L. _octo_, eight, _million_.]

OCTOBER, ok-t[=o]'b[.e]r, _n._ the eighth month of the Roman year, which began in March: the tenth month in our calendar. [L. _octo_, eight.]

OCTOBRACHIATE, ok-t[=o]-br[=a]'ki-[=a]t, _adj._ having eight brachia, arms, or rays.

OCTOCEROUS, ok-tos'e-rus, _adj._ having eight arms or rays.

OCTODECIMO, ok-t[=o]-des'i-m[=o], _adj._ having eighteen leaves to the sheet, contracted 18mo.--_adj._ OCTODEC'IMAL (_crystal._), having eighteen faces. [L. _octodecim_, eighteen--_octo_, eight, _decem_, ten.]

OCTODENTATE, ok-t[=o]-den't[=a]t, _adj._ having eight teeth.

OCTOFID, ok't[=o]-fid, _adj._ (_bot._) cleft into eight segments.

OCTOGENARIAN, ok-t[=o]-je-n[=a]'ri-an, _n._ and _adj._ one who is eighty years old, or between eighty and ninety.--_adj._ OCTOG'ENARY.

OCTOGYNOUS, ok-toj'i-nus, _adj._ (_bot._) having eight pistils or styles. [Gr. _okt[=o]_, eight, _gyn[=e]_, wife.]

OCTOHEDRON=OCTAHEDRON.

OCTOLATERAL, ok-t[=o]-lat'e-ral, _adj._ having eight sides.

OCTONARY, ok't[=o]-n[=a]-ri, _adj._ consisting of eight.

OCTONOCULAR, ok-t[=o]-nok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ having eight eyes.

OCTOPEDE, ok't[=o]-p[=e]d, _n._ an eight-footed animal.

OCTOPETALOUS, ok-t[=o]-pet'a-lus, _adj._ having eight petals.

OCTOPOD, ok't[=o]-pod, _adj._ eight-footed or eight-armed--also OCTOP'ODOUS.--_n._ an octopus.

OCTOPUS, ok't[=o]-pus, _n._ a widely distributed genus of eight-armed cuttle-fishes, covered with suckers, a devil-fish. [Gr. _okt[=o]_, eight, _pous_, _podos_, foot.]

OCTORADIATE, -D, ok-t[=o]-r[=a]'di-[=a]t, -ed, _adj._ having eight rays.

OCTOROON, ok-t[=o]-r[=oo]n', _n._ the offspring of a quadroon and a white person: one who has one-eighth negro blood. [L. _octo_, eight.]

OCTOSEPALOUS, ok-t[=o]-sep'a-lus, _adj._ having eight sepals.

OCTOSPERMOUS, ok-t[=o]-sper'mus, _adj._ having eight seeds.

OCTOSPOROUS, ok-t[=o]-sp[=o]'rus, _adj._ eight-spored.

OCTOSTICHOUS, ok-tos'ti-kus, _adj._ (_bot._) eight-ranked.

OCTOSTYLE, ok't[=o]-st[=i]l, _n._ an edifice or portico with eight pillars in front.

OCTOSYLLABIC, ok-t[=o]-sil-lab'ik, _adj._ consisting of eight syllables.--_n._ OC'TOSYLLABLE, a word of eight syllables.

OCTROI, ok-trwä', _n._ a grant of the exclusive right of trade: a toll or tax levied at the gates of a city on articles brought in: the place where such taxes are paid. [Fr.,--_octroyer_, to grant--L. _auctor[=a]re_, to authorise--_auctor_, author.]

OCTUPLE, ok't[=u]-pl, _adj._ eightfold.--_n._ OC'T[=U]PLET (_mus._), a group of eight notes to be played in the time of six.

OCTYL, ok'til, _n._ a hypothetical organic radical, known only in combination--also _Capryl_.--_n._ OC'TYL[=E]NE, a hydrocarbon obtained by heating octylic alcohol with sulphuric acid.--_adj._ OCTYL'IC.

OCULAR, ok'[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to the eye: formed in, or known by, the eye: received by actual sight.--_adv._ OC'ULARLY.--_adjs._ OC'UL[=A]TE, -D, having eyes, or spots like eyes; OCULAU'DITORY, representing an eye and an ear together; OCULIF'EROUS, OCULIG'EROUS, bearing an eye or eyes; OC'ULIFORM, ocular in form; OC'ULIM[=O]TOR, -Y, ocular and motory.--_n._ OC'ULIST, one skilled in diseases of the eye. [L. _ocularius_--_oculus_, the eye.]

OD, [=o]d, or od, _n._ a peculiar force acting on the nervous system, assumed by Reichenbach to exist in light, heat, electricity, living bodies, and all material substances whatever, and to produce the phenomena of mesmerism.--_adj._ O'DIC.--_ns._ OD'-FORCE, od; O'DISM, belief in od. [Gr. _hodos_, a way.]

OD, od, _n._ for God--sometimes ODD.--_interjs._ OD'S-BODIKINS, God's body; OD'S LIFE, God's life; OD'S-PITIKINS (_Shak._), a corr. of God's pity.

ODAL, ODALLER, same as UDAL, UDALLER.

ODALISQUE, ODALISK, [=o]'da-lisk, _n._ a female slave in a harem. [Fr.,--Turk. _oda_, a chamber.]

ODD, od, _adj._ not paired with another: not even: left over after a round number has been taken: additional to a certain amount in round numbers: not exactly divisible by two: strange: unusual in kind or appearance: trifling: remote: (_Shak._) at variance.--_ns._ ODD'-COME-SHORTLY, an early day, any time; ODD'FELLOW, a member of a secret benevolent society called Oddfellows; ODD'ITY, the state of being odd or singular: strangeness: a singular person or thing.--_adj._ ODD'-LOOK'ING, having a singular appearance.--_adv._ ODD'LY.--_ns._ ODD'MENT, something remaining over: one of a broken set--often used in the plural; ODD'NESS.--_n.pl._ ODDS (odz), inequality: difference in favour of one against another: more than an even wager: the amount or proportion by which the bet of one exceeds that of another: advantage: dispute: scraps, miscellaneous pieces, as in the phrase ODDS AND ENDS (lit. 'points' and ends).--AT ODDS, at variance. [Scand., Ice. _oddi_, a triangle, odd number--Ice. _oddr_, point; cf. A.S. _ord_, point.]

ODE, [=o]d, _n._ a song: a poem written to be set to music: the music written for such a poem.--_adj._ O'DIC.--_n._ O'DIST, a writer of odes. [Fr. _ode_--Gr. _[=o]d[=e]_, contr. from _aoid[=e]_--_aeidein_, to sing.]

ODEUM, [=o]-d[=e]'um, _n._ in ancient Greece a theatre for musical contests, &c., sometimes applied to a modern music-hall.--Also OD[=E]'ON. [Gr.]

ODIN, [=o]'din, _n._ the chief of the gods in Norse mythology.

ODIOUS, [=o]'di-us, _adj._ hateful: offensive: repulsive: causing hatred.--_adv._ O'DIOUSLY.--_ns._ O'DIOUSNESS; O'DIUM, hatred: offensiveness: blame: quality of provoking hate.--ODIUM THEOLOGICUM, the proverbial hatred of controversial divines for each other's errors--and persons. [L.,--_odi_, to hate.]

ODOMETER=HODOMETER (q.v.).

ODONTOGLOSSUM, [=o]-don-t[=o]-glos'um, _n._ a genus of tropical American orchids with showy flowers.

ODONTOID, o-don'toid, _adj._ tooth-shaped: tooth-like.--_ns._ ODONTAL'GIA, ODONTAL'GY, toothache.--_adj._ ODONTAL'GIC.--_n._ ODONT[=I]'ASIS, the cutting of the teeth.--_adj._ ODON'TIC, dental.--_n._ ODON'TOBLAST, a cell by which dentine is developed.--_adjs._ ODON'TOCETE, toothed, as a cetacean; ODONTOGEN'IC.--_ns._ ODONTOG'ENY, the origin and development of teeth; ODONTOG'RAPHY, description of teeth.--_adjs._ ODONTOLOG'IC, -AL.--_ns._ ODONTOL'OGIST, one skilled in odontology; ODONTOL'OGY, the science of the teeth; ODONTOLOX'IA, irregularity of teeth; ODONT[=O]'MA, a small tumour composed of dentine.--_adjs._ ODON'TOMOUS, pertaining to odontoma; ODONTOPH'ORAL, ODONTOPH'ORAN.--_n._ ODON'TOPHORE, the radula, tongue, or lingual ribbon of certain molluscs.--_adjs._ ODONTOPH'OROUS, bearing teeth; ODONTOSTOM'ATOUS, having jaws which bite like teeth.--_ns._ ODONTOTHERAP[=I]'A, the treatment or care of the teeth; ODON'TRYPY, the operation of perforating a tooth to draw off purulent matter from the cavity of the pulp. [Gr. _odous_, _odontos_, a tooth.]

ODOUR, [=o]'dur, _n._ smell: perfume: estimation: reputation.--_adj._ ODORIF'EROUS, bearing odour or scent: diffusing fragrance: perfumed.--_adv._ ODORIF'EROUSLY.--_n._ ODORIF'EROUSNESS, the quality of being odoriferous.--_adj._ O'DOROUS, emitting an odour or scent: sweet-smelling: fragrant.--_adv._ O'DOROUSLY.--_n._ O'DOROUSNESS, the quality of exciting the sensation of smell.--_adjs._ O'DOURED, perfumed; O'DOURLESS, without odour.--ODOUR OF SANCTITY (see SANCTITY); IN BAD ODOUR, in bad repute. [Fr.,--L. _odor_.]

ODYLE, [=o]'dil, _n._ Same as OD (1).

ODYSSEY, od'is-si, _n._ a Greek epic poem, ascribed to Homer, describing the return of the Greeks from the Trojan war, and esp. of _Odysseus_ (Ulysses) to Ithaca after ten years' wanderings.

OECOLOGY, [=e]-kol'[=o]-ji, _n._ the science of animal and vegetable economy.--_n._ OE'CIUM, the household common to the individuals of a compound organism.--_adj._ OECOLOG'ICAL.

OECONOMY, OECUMENIC, -AL, &c. See ECONOMY, ECUMENIC.

OEDEMA, [=e]-d[=e]'ma, _n._ (_med._) the swelling occasioned by the effusion or infiltration of serum into cellular or areolar structures, usually the subcutaneous cellular tissue. [Gr. _oid[=e]ma_, swelling.]

OEDEMIA, [=e]-d[=e]'mi-a, _n._ a genus of _Anatidæ_, the scoters, surf-ducks, or sea-coots. [Gr. _oid[=e]ma_.]

OEILLADE, [.e]l-yad', _n._ (_Shak._) a glance or wink given with the eye.--_ns._ OEIL-DE-BOEUF, a round or oval opening for admitting light: a small, narrow window, or bull's-eye:--_pl._ OEILS-DE-BOEUF; OEIL-DE-PERDRIX, a small, round figure in decorative art, a dot. [Fr. _oeillade_--_oeil_, eye.]

OENANTHIC, [=e]-nan'thik, _adj._ having or imparting the characteristic odour of wine.--_ns._ OENOL'OGY, the science of wines; OE'NOMANCY, divination from the appearance of wine poured out in libations; OENOM[=A]'NIA, dipsomania; OENOM'ETER, a hydrometer for measuring the alcoholic strength of wines; OENOPH'ILIST, a lover of wine. [Gr. _oinos_ wine.]

OENOMEL, [=e]'no-mel, _n._ wine mixed with honey: mead. [Gr. _oinos_, wine, and _meli_, honey.]

OENOTHERA, [=e]-n[=o]-th[=e]'ra, _n._ a genus of leafy branching plants, with yellow or purplish flowers, called also _Evening_, or _Tree_, _primrose_. [Gr. _oinos_, wine, and perh. _th[=e]ran_, to hunt.]

O'ER, [=o]r, contracted from _over_.

O'ERCOME, owr'kum, _n._ (_Scot._) the burden of a song: overplus.--_n._ O'ER'LAY, a large cravat.

OES, [=o]z, _n._ (_Bacon_) circlets of gold or silver.

OESOPHAGUS, ESOPHAGUS, [=e]-sof'a-gus, _n._ the gullet, a membranous canal about nine inches in length, extending from the pharynx to the stomach, thus forming part of the alimentary canal.--_n._ OESOPHAGAL'GIA, pain, esp. neuralgia, in the oesophagus.--_adj._ OESOPHAGEAL (-faj'-).--_ns._ OESOPHAGEC'TOMY, excision of a portion of the oesophagus; OESOPHAGIS'MUS, oesophageal spasm; OESOPHAG[=I]'TIS, inflammation of the oesophagus; OESOPHAG'OCELE, hernia of the mucous membrane of the oesophagus through its walls; OESOPHAGODYN'IA, pain in the oesophagus; OESOPHAGOP'ATHY, disease of the oesophagus; OESOPHAGOPL[=E]'GIA, paralysis of the oesophagus; OESOPHAGORRH[=A]'GIA, hemorrhage from the oesophagus; OESOPH'AGOSCOPE, an instrument for inspecting the interior of the oesophagus; OESOPHAGOSPAS'MUS, spasm of the oesophagus; OESOPHAGOSTEN[=O]'SIS, a constriction of the oesophagus. [Gr.]

OESTRUM, [=e]s'trum, _n._ violent desire.--_adj._ OES'TRUAL, in heat, rutting.--_v.i._ OES'TRU[=A]TE, to be in heat.--_ns._ OESTRU[=A]'TION; OES'TRUS, a gadfly. [L.]

OF, ov, _prep._ from or out from: belonging to: out of: among: proceeding from, so in the Litany and Nicene Creed: owing to: with: over: concerning: during: (_B._ and _Pr. Bk._) sometimes=by, from, on, or over.--OF PURPOSE (_B._), intentionally. [A.S. _of_; Dut. _af_, Ger. _ab_, also L. _ab_, Gr. _apo_.]