Part 2

NATIONAL, nash'un-al, _adj._ pertaining to a nation: public: general: attached to one's own country.--_n._ NATIONALIS[=A]'TION, the act of nationalising, as of railways, private property, &c.: the state of being nationalised.--_v.t._ NAT'IONALISE, to make national: to make a nation of.--_ns._ NAT'IONALISM; NAT'IONALIST, one who strives after national unity or independence, esp. as in Ireland for more or less separation from Great Britain: an advocate of nationalism: NATIONAL'ITY, birth or membership in a particular country: separate existence as a nation: a nation, race of people: national character.--_adv._ NAT'IONALLY.--_n._ NAT'IONALNESS.--NATIONAL AIR, ANTHEM, the popular song by which a people's patriotic feelings are expressed; NATIONAL CHURCH, the church established by law in a country; NATIONAL CONVENTION, the sovereign assembly which sat from Sept. 21, 1792, to Oct. 26, 1795, after the abolition of monarchy in France; NATIONAL DEBT, money borrowed by the government of a country and not yet paid; NATIONAL FLAG, or ENSIGN, the principal flag of a country; NATIONAL GUARD, a force which took part in the French Revolution, first formed in 1789.

NATIVE, n[=a]'tiv, _adj._ arising or appearing by birth: produced by nature: pertaining to the time or place of birth: belonging by birth, hereditary, natural, original: occurring uncombined with other substances, as metals.--_n._ one born in any place: an original inhabitant: (_pl._) oysters raised in artificial beds.--_adv._ N[=A]'TIVELY.--_ns._ N[=A]'TIVENESS; N[=A]'TIVISM, the belief that the mind possesses some ideas or forms of thought that are inborn, and not derived from sensation: the disposition to favour the natives of a country in preference to immigrants; N[=A]'TIVIST.--_adj._ NATIVIS'TIC.--_n._ NATIV'ITY, state or fact of being born: time, place, and manner of birth: the birth of Christ, hence the festival of His birth, Christmas--also a picture representing His birth: state or place of being produced: a horoscope.--NATIVE ROCK, stone not yet quarried. [Fr.,--L. _nativus_--_nasci_, _natus_, to be born.]

NATRIX, n[=a]'triks, _n._ a genus of colubrine snakes. [L.,--_nat[=a]re_, to swim.]

NATROLITE, nat'ro-l[=i]t, _n._ one of the most common of the group of minerals known as Zeolites.

NATRON, n[=a]'trun, _n._ native carbonate of sodium, or mineral alkali, the nitre of the Bible.--_n._ NATROM'ETER, an instrument for measuring the quantity of soda in salts of potash and soda. [Fr.,--L. _nitrum_--Gr. _nitron_.]

NATTER, nat'[.e]r, _v.t._ and _v.i._ (_prov._) to find fault.--_adjs._ NATT'ERED, NATT'ERY, peevish.

NATTERJACK, nat'[.e]r-jak, _n._ a common European toad. [Cf. _Adder_.]

NATTES, nats, _n.pl._ surface decoration or diaper resembling plaited or interlaced work. [Fr.]

NATTY, nat'i, _adj._ trim, tidy, neat, spruce.--_adv._ NATT'ILY.--_n._ NATT'INESS. [Allied to _neat_.]

NATURAL, nat'[=u]-ral, _adj._ pertaining to, produced by, or according to nature: inborn: not far-fetched: not acquired: tender: unaffected: in a state of nature, unregenerate: (_math._) having 1 as the base of the system, of a function or number: illegitimate: (_mus._) according to the usual diatonic scale.--_n._ an idiot: (_mus._) a character ([Natural]) which removes the effect of a preceding sharp or flat: a white key in keyboard musical instruments.--_adj._ NAT'URAL-BORN, native.--_n.pl._ NATUR[=A]'LIA, the sexual organs.--_n._ NATURALIS[=A]'TION.--_v.t._ NAT'URALISE, to make natural or easy: to adapt to a different climate or to different conditions of life: to grant the privileges of natural-born subjects to.--_ns._ NAT'URALISM, mere state of nature: a close following of nature, without idealisation, in painting, sculpture, fiction, &c.: the belief that natural religion is of itself sufficient; NAT'URALIST, one who studies nature, more particularly zoology and botany: a believer in naturalism.--_adj._ NATURALIST'IC, pertaining to, or in accordance with, nature: belonging to the doctrines of naturalism.--_adv._ NAT'URALLY.--_n._ NAT'URALNESS.--NATURAL HISTORY, originally the description of all that is in nature, now used of the sciences that deal with the earth and its productions--botany, zoology, and mineralogy, esp. zoology; NATURAL LAW, the sense of right and wrong which arises from the constitution of the mind of man, as distinguished from the results of revelation or legislation; NATURAL NUMBERS, the numbers 1, 2, 3, and upwards; NATURAL ORDER, in botany, an order or division belonging to the natural system of classification, based on a consideration of all the organs of the plant; NATURAL PHILOSOPHY, the science of nature, of the physical properties of bodies: physics; NATURAL SCALE, a scale of music written without sharps or flats; NATURAL SCIENCE, the science of _nature_, as distinguished from that of _mind_ (mental and moral science), and from _pure_ science (mathematics); NATURAL SELECTION, a supposed operation of the laws of nature, the result of which is the 'survival of the fittest,' as if brought about by intelligent design; NATURAL SYSTEM, a classification of plants and animals according to real differences in structure; NATURAL THEOLOGY, or NATURAL RELIGION, the body of theological truths discoverable by reason without revelation.

NATURE, n[=a]'t[=u]r, _n._ the power which creates and which regulates the material world: the power of growth: the established order of things, the universe: the qualities of anything which make it what it is: constitution: species: conformity to nature, truth, or reality: inborn mind, character, instinct, or disposition: vital power, as of man or animal: course of life: nakedness: a primitive undomesticated condition.--_adj._ N[=A]'TURED, having a certain temper or disposition: used in compounds, as _good-natured_.--_ns._ N[=A]'TURE-D[=E]'ITY, a deity personifying some force of physical nature; N[=A]'TURE-MYTH, a myth symbolising natural phenomena; N[=A]'TURE-PRINT'ING, the process of printing in colours from plates that have been impressed with some object of nature, as a plant, leaf, &c.; N[=A]'TURE-WOR'SHIP, N[=A]'TURISM, worship of the powers of nature.--_n._ N[=A]'TURIST.--_adj._ NATURIST'IC.--DEBT OF NATURE, death; EASE, or RELIEVE, NATURE, to evacuate the bowels. [Fr.,--L. _natura_--_nasci_, _natus_, to be born.]

NAUGHT, nawt, _n._ no-whit, nothing.--_adv._ in no degree.--_adj._ of no value or account: worthless: bad.--BE NAUGHT, an obsolete form of malediction; COME TO NAUGHT, to come to nothing, to fail; SET AT NAUGHT, to treat as of no account, to despise. [Another form of _nought_. A.S. _náht_, _náwiht_--_ná_, not, _wiht_, a whit.]

NAUGHTY, nawt'i, _adj._ bad in conduct or speech: mischievous: perverse: disagreeable.--_adv._ NAUGHT'ILY.--_n._ NAUGHT'INESS.

NAUMACHY, naw'ma-ki, _n._ a sea-fight: a show representing a sea-fight.--Also NAUMACH'IA. [Gr. _naus_, a ship, _mach[=e]_, a fight.]

NAUPLIUS, naw'pli-us, _n._ a stage of development of low Crustaceans, as cirripeds, &c.:--_pl._ NAU'PLII.--_adjs._ NAU'PLIIFORM, NAU'PLIOID. [L., a kind of shell-fish--Gr. _Nauplios_, a son of Poseidon, _naus_, a ship, _plein_, to sail.]

NAUROPOMETER, naw-r[=o]-pom'e-t[.e]r, _n._ an instrument for measuring a ship's heeling or inclination at sea. [Gr. _naus_, a ship, _hrop[=e]_, inclination, _metron_, measure.]

NAUSCOPY, naw'skop-i, _n._ the art of sighting ships at great distances. [Gr. _naus_, a ship, _skopein_, to see.]

NAUSEA, naw'she-a, _n._ sea-sickness: any sickness of the stomach, with a tendency to vomit: loathing.--_adj._ NAU'SEANT, producing nausea.--_n._ a substance having this quality.--_v.i._ NAU'SE[=A]TE, to feel nausea or disgust.--_v.t._ to loathe: to strike with disgust.--_n._ NAUSE[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ NAU'SE[=A]TIVE, causing nausea or loathing; NAU'SEOUS, producing nausea: disgusting: loathsome.--_adv._ NAU'SEOUSLY.--_n._ NAU'SEOUSNESS. [L.,--Gr. _nausia_, sea-sickness--_naus_, a ship.]

NAUTCH, nawch, _n._ a kind of ballet-dance performed by professional dancers known as NAUTCH'-GIRLS in India: any form of stage entertainment with dancing. [Hind. _n[=a]ch_, dance.]

NAUTICAL, naw'tik-al, _adj._ of or pertaining to ships, to sailors, or to navigation: naval: marine.--_adv._ NAU'TICALLY.--NAUTICAL ALMANAC, an almanac giving information specially useful to sailors; NAUTICAL MILE, one-sixtieth of a degree measured at the Equator (=about 2025 yards). [L. _nauticus_--Gr. _nautikos_--_naus_; cog. with L. _navis_, a ship.]

NAUTILUS, naw'ti-lus, _n._ a Cephalopod found in the southern seas, once believed to sail by means of the expanded tentacular arms: a kind of diving-bell sinking or rising by means of condensed air:--_pl._ NAU'TILUSES, or NAU'TILI.--_adjs._ NAU'TILIFORM, NAU'TILOID.--PAPER NAUTILUS, any species of _Argonauta_. [L.,--Gr. _nautilos_, a sailor.]

NAVAL, n[=a]'val, _adj._ pertaining to ships: consisting of, or possessing, ships: marine: nautical: belonging to the navy.--NAVAL BRIGADE, a body of seamen so arranged as to be able to serve on land; NAVAL OFFICER, an officer on board a man-of-war: a custom-house officer of high rank in the United States; NAVAL TACTICS, the science and methods of managing and moving squadrons of ships. [Fr.,--L. _navalis_--_navis_, a ship.]

NAVE, n[=a]v, _n._ the middle or main body of a church, distinct from the aisles or wings.--_n._ N[=A]'VARCH, a Greek admiral. [Fr. _nef_--L. _navis_, a ship.]

NAVE, n[=a]v, _n._ the hub or piece of wood, &c., in the centre of a wheel, through which the axle passes.--_v.t._ to form as a nave. [A.S. _nafu_, nave; cf. Dut. _naaf_, Ger. _nabe_.]

NAVEL, n[=a]v'l, _n._ the mark or depression in the centre of the lower part of the abdomen, at first a small projection.--_n._ N[=A]V'EL-STRING, the umbilical cord. [A.S. _nafela_, dim. of _nafu_, nave.]

NAVEW, n[=a]'v[=u], _n._ the wild turnip.

NAVICULAR, nav-ik'[=u]-lar, _adj._ pertaining to small ships or boats: (_bot._) boat-shaped: scaphoid.--_n._ a bone in man and animals, so called from its shape.--_n._ NAVIC'ULA, an incense-boat.--NAVICULAR DISEASE, an inflammation, often rheumatic, of the small bone--the navicular--in horses, below which passes the strong flexor tendon of the foot. [L. _navicularis_--_navicula_, dim. of _navis_, a ship.]

NAVIGATE, nav'i-g[=a]t, _v.t._ to steer or manage a ship in sailing: to sail upon.--_v.i._ to go in a vessel or ship: to sail.--_ns._ NAVIGABIL'ITY, NAV'IGABLENESS.--_adj._ NAV'IGABLE, that may be passed by ships or vessels.--_adv._ NAV'IGABLY.--_ns._ NAVIG[=A]'TION, the act, science, or art of sailing ships: shipping generally: a canal or artificial waterway; NAV'IGATOR, one who navigates or sails: one who directs the course of a ship.--NAVIGATION LAWS, the laws passed from time to time to regulate the management and privileges of ships, and the conditions under which they may sail or carry on trade.--AERIAL NAVIGATION, the management of balloons in motion; INLAND NAVIGATION, the passing of boats, &c., along rivers and canals. [L. _navig[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_--_navis_, a ship, _ag[)e]re_, to drive.]

NAVVY, nav'i, _n._ a labourer--originally a labourer on a navigation or canal: a machine for digging out earth, &c.--called also _French navvy_:--_pl._ NAVV'IES. [A contr. of _navigator_.]

NAVY, n[=a]'vi, _n._ a fleet of ships: the whole of the ships-of-war of a nation: the officers and men belonging to the warships of a nation.--_ns._ N[=A]'VY-LIST, a list of the officers and ships of a navy, published from time to time; N[=A]'VY-YARD, a government dockyard. [O. Fr. _navie_--L. _navis_, a ship.]

NAWAB, na-wab', _n._ a nabob.

NAY, n[=a], _adv._ no: not only so, but: yet more: in point of fact.--_n._ a denial: a vote against.--_n._ NAY'WARD (_Shak._), tendency to denial: the negative side. [M. E. _nay_, _nai_--Ice. _nei_, Dan. _nei_; cog. with _no_.]

NAYWORD, n[=a]'wurd, _n._ (_Shak._) a proverbial reproach, a byword, a watchword.

NAZARENE, naz'ar-[=e]n, _n._ an inhabitant of Nazareth, in Galilee: a follower of Jesus of Nazareth, originally used of Christians in contempt: one belonging to the early Christian sect of the Nazarenes, which existed from the 1st to the 4th cent. A.D.--Also NAZAR[=E]'AN. [From _Nazareth_, the town.]

NAZARITE, naz'ar-[=i]t, _n._ a Jew who vowed to abstain from strong drink, &c.--also NAZ'IRITE.--_n._ NAZ'ARITISM, the vow and practice of a Nazarite. [Heb. _n[=a]zar_, to consecrate.]

NAZE, n[=a]z, _n._ a headland or cape. [Scand., as in Dan. _næs_; a doublet of _ness_.]

NAZIR, na-z[=e]r', _n._ a native official in an Anglo-Indian court who serves summonses, &c. [Ar.]

NE, ne, _adv._ not: never. [A.S. _ne_; cf. _Nay_.]

NEAF, n[=e]f, _n._ the fist--(_Scot._) NEIVE. [M. E. _nefe_--Ice. _hnefi_, _nefi_; cf. Sw. _näfve_, the fist.]

NEAL, n[=e]l, _v.t._ to temper by heat.--_v.i._ to be tempered by heat. [Cf. _Anneal_.]

NEALOGY, n[=e]-al'o-ji, _n._ the description of the morphological correlations of the early adolescent stages of an animal.--_adj._ NEALOG'IC. [Gr. _neos_, young, logia--_legein_, to speak.]

NEANDERTHALOID, n[=e]-an'd[.e]r-tal-oid, _adj._ like the low type of skull found in 1857 in a cave in the _Neanderthal_, a valley between Düsseldorf and Elberfeld.

NEAP, n[=e]p, _adj._ low, applied to the lowest tides.--_n._ a neap-tide: the lowest point of the tide.--_adj._ NEAPED, left aground from one high tide to another. [A.S. _nép_, orig. _hnép_; Dan. _knap_, Ice. _neppr_, scanty.]

NEAPOLITAN, n[=e]-a-pol'i-tan, _adj._ pertaining to the city of Naples or its inhabitants.--_n._ a native or inhabitant of Naples.--NEAPOLITAN ICE, a combination of two different ices. [L. _Neapolitanus_--Gr. _Neapolis_, Naples--_neos_, new, _polis_, city.]

NEAR, n[=e]r, _adj._ nigh: not far away in place or time: close in kin or friendship: dear: following or imitating anything closely: close, narrow, so as barely to escape: short, as a road: greedy, stingy: on the left in riding or driving.--_adv._ at a little distance: almost: closely,--_prep._ close to.--_v.t._ and _v.i._ to approach: to come nearer.--_adjs._ NEAR'-BY, adjacent; NEAR'-HAND (_Scot._), near--also _adv._ nearly.--_adv._ NEAR'LY, at no great distance: closely: intimately: pressingly: almost: stingily.--_n._ NEAR'NESS, the state of being near: closeness: intimacy: close alliance: stinginess.--_adj._ NEAR'-SIGHT'ED, seeing distinctly only when near, myopic, short-sighted.--_n._ NEAR'-SIGHT'EDNESS.--NEAR POINT, the nearest point the eye can focus. [A.S. _neár_, comp. of _neáh_, nigh; Ice. _nær_; Ger. _näher_.]

NEARCTIC, n[=e]-ark'tik, _adj._ of or pertaining to the northern part of the New World--embracing temperate and arctic North America.

NEAT, n[=e]t, _adj._ belonging to the bovine genus.--_n._ black-cattle: an ox or cow.--_ns._ NEAT'-HERD, one who herds, or has the care of, neat or cattle; NEAT'-HOUSE, a building for the shelter of neat-cattle.--NEAT'S-FOOT OIL, an oil obtained from the feet of oxen; NEAT'S LEATHER, leather made of the hides of neat-cattle. [A.S. _neát_, cattle, a beast--_neótan_, _niótan_, to use; cf. Scot. _nowt_, black-cattle.]

NEAT, n[=e]t, _adj._ trim: tidy: clean: well-shaped: without mixture or adulteration: finished, adroit, clever, skilful.--_adj._ NEAT'-HAND'ED, dexterous.--_adv._ NEAT'LY.--_n._ NEAT'NESS. [Fr. _net_--L. _nitidus_, shining--_nìt[=e]re_, to shine.]

NEB, neb, _n._ the beak of a bird: the nose: the sharp point of anything.--_adj._ NEBB'Y (_Scot._), saucy. [A.S. _nebb_, the face; cog. with Dut. _neb_, beak.]

NEBBUK, neb'uk, _n._ a shrub, _Zizyphus Spina-Christi_, one of the thorns of Christ's crown.

NEBEL, neb'el, _n._ a Hebrew stringed instrument.

NEB-NEB, neb'-neb, _n._ the dried pods of a species of acacia found in Africa, which are much used in Egypt for tanning--called also _Bablah_.

NEBRIS, neb'ris, _n._ a fawn-skin worn in imitation of Bacchus by his priests and votaries.

NEBULA, neb'[=u]-la, _n._ a little cloud: a faint, misty appearance in the heavens produced either by a group of stars too distant to be seen singly, or by diffused gaseous matter:--_pl._ NEB'ULÆ.--_adjs._ NEB'ULAR, pertaining to nebulæ: like nebulæ; NEBULÉ (neb-[=u]-l[=a]'), curved in and out (_her._); NEB'ULOSE, NEB'ULOUS, misty, hazy, vague: relating to, or having the appearance of, a nebula.--_ns._ NEBULOS'ITY, NEB'ULOUSNESS.--NEBULAR HYPOTHESIS, the theory of Laplace and Sir W. Herschel that nebulæ form the earliest stage in the formation of stars and planets. [L.; Gr. _nephel[=e]_, cloud, mist.]

NECESSARY, nes'es-sar-i, _adj._ that must be: that cannot be otherwise: unavoidable: indispensable: under compulsion: not free.--_n._ that which cannot be left out or done without (food, &c.)--used chiefly in _pl._: a privy.--_ns._ NECESS[=A]'RIAN, one who holds the doctrine of necessity; NECESS[=A]'RIANISM, the doctrine that the will is not free, but subject to causes without, which determine its action.--_adv._ NEC'ESSARILY.--_n._ NEC'ESSARINESS, the state or quality of being necessary.--NECESSARY TRUTHS, such as cannot but be true. [Fr.,--L. _necessarius_.]

NECESSITY, ne-ses'i-ti, _n._ state or quality of being necessary: that which is necessary or unavoidable: compulsion: great need: poverty.--_ns._ NECESSIT[=A]'RIAN; NECESSIT[=A]'RIANISM, necessarianism.--_v.t._ NECESS'IT[=A]TE, to make necessary: to render unavoidable: to compel.--_n._ NECESSIT[=A]'TION.--_adjs._ NECESS'ITIED (_Shak._), in a state of want; NECESS'ITOUS, in necessity: very poor: destitute.--_adv._ NECESS'ITOUSLY.--_n._ NECESS'ITOUSNESS.--NATURAL NECESSITY, the condition of being necessary according to the laws of nature; LOGICAL or MATHEMATICAL, according to those of human intelligence; MORAL, according to those of moral law; WORKS OF NECESSITY, work so necessary as to be allowable on the Sabbath. [L. _necessitas_.]

NECK, nek, _n._ the part of an animal's body between the head and trunk: anything that resembles the neck: a long narrow part or corner: (_fig._) life: the flesh of the neck and adjoining parts.--_v.t._ to break the neck or cut off the head.--_ns._ NECK'ATEE, a neckerchief; NECK'-BAND, the part of a shirt encircling the neck; NECK'-BEAR'ING, that part of a shaft which rotates in the bearing proper, a journal; NECK'BEEF, the coarse flesh of the neck of cattle; NECK'CLOTH, a piece of folded cloth worn round the neck by men as a band or cravat, the ends hanging down often of lace.--_adj._ NECKED, having a neck of a certain kind.--_ns._ NECK'ERCHIEF, a kerchief for the neck; NECK'LACE, a lace or string of beads or precious stones worn on the neck by women; NECK'LET, a simple form of necklace; NECK'-MOULD, a small moulding surrounding a column at the junction of the shaft and capital; NECK'-PIECE, the part of a suit of armour that protects the neck: an ornamental frill round the neck of a gown; NECK'TIE, a tie or cloth for the neck; NECK'VERSE, the verse (usually Ps. li. 1) in early times placed before a prisoner claiming _benefit-of-clergy_, in order to test his ability to read, which, if he could do, he was burned in the hand and set free (see BENEFIT).--_n._ STIFF'NECK (see STIFF).--NECK AND CROP, completely; NECK AND NECK, exactly equal: side by side; NECK OR NOTHING, risking everything.--HARDEN THE NECK, to grow more obstinate; TREAD ON THE NECK OF, to oppress or tyrannise over. [A.S. _hnecca_; Ger. _nacken_.]

NECROLATRY, nek-rol'a-tri, _n._ worship of the dead.--_ns._ NECROBI[=O]'SIS, degeneration of living tissue; NECROG'RAPHER, one who writes an obituary notice.--_adjs._ NECROLOG'IC, -AL, pertaining to necrology.--_ns._ NECROL'OGIST, one who gives an account of deaths; NECROL'OGY, an account of those who have died, esp. of the members of some society: a register of deaths; NEC'ROMANCER, one who practises necromancy: a sorcerer; NEC'ROMANCY, the art of revealing future events by calling up and questioning the spirits of the dead: enchantment.--_adjs._ NECROMAN'TIC, -AL, pertaining to necromancy: performed by necromancy.--_adv._ NECROMAN'TICALLY.--_adj._ NECROPH'AGOUS, feeding on carrion.--_ns._ NECROPH'ILISM, a morbid love for the dead; NECROPH[=O]'BIA, a morbid horror of corpses.--_adj._ NECROPH'OROUS, carrying away and burying dead bodies, esp. of beetles of the genus _Necrophorus_.--_n._ NECROP'OLIS, a cemetery.--_adjs._ NECROSCOP'IC, -AL.--_n._ NEC'ROSCOPY, a post-mortem examination, autopsy--also NEC'ROPSY.--_adjs._ NECROSED', NECR[=O]'TIC.--_ns._ NECR[=O]'SIS, the mortification of bone: (_bot._) a disease of plants marked by small black spots; NECROT'OMIST; NECROT'OMY, dissection of dead bodies. [Gr. _nekros_, dead.]

NECTAR, nek'tar, _n._ the name given by Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, &c. to the beverage of the gods, giving life and beauty: a delicious beverage: the honey of the glands of plants.--_adjs._ NECT[=A]'REAL, NECT[=A]'REAN, pertaining to, or resembling, nectar: delicious; NEC'TARED, imbued with nectar: mingled or abounding with nectar; NECT[=A]'REOUS, NEC'TAROUS, pertaining to, containing, or resembling nectar: delicious.--_adv._ NECT[=A]'REOUSLY, in a nectareous manner.--_n._ NECT[=A]'REOUSNESS, the quality of being nectareous.--_adjs._ NECT[=A]'RIAL; NECTARIF'EROUS, producing nectar or honey: having a nectary; NEC'TARINE, sweet as nectar.--_n._ a variety of peach with a smooth fruit.--_n._ NEC'TARY, the part of a flower which secretes the nectar or honey. [L.,--Gr. _nektar_; ety. dub.]

NECTOCALYX, nek'to-k[=a]-liks, _n._ the swimming-bell of a medusa:--_pl._ NECTOC[=A]'LYCES.

NEDDY, ned'i, _n._ a donkey. [From _Ned_=Edward.]

NÉE, n[=a], _adj._ born: placed before a married woman's maiden-name, to show her own family, as Rebecca Crawley, _née_ Sharp. [Fr., fem. of _né_, pa.p. of _naître_, to be born--L. _nasci_, _natus_, to be born.]

NEED, n[=e]d, _n._ want of something which one cannot do without: necessity: a state that requires relief: want of the means of living.--_v.t._ to have occasion for: to want.--_ns._ NEED'-BE, a necessity; NEED'ER; NEED'FIRE, fire produced by friction, to which a certain virtue is superstitiously attached: a beacon generally.--_adj._ NEED'FUL, full of need: having need: needy: necessary: requisite.--_adv._ NEED'FULLY.--_n._ NEED'FULNESS.--_adv._ NEED'ILY.--_n._ NEED'INESS.--_adj._ NEED'LESS (_Shak._), having no need: not needed: unnecessary.--_adv._ NEED'LESSLY.--_n._ NEED'LESSNESS.--_adv._ NEED'LY (_Shak._), necessarily.--_n._ NEED'MENT, something needed.--_adv._ NEEDS, of necessity: indispensably--often used with _must_, as 'needs must.'--_adj._ NEED'Y, very poor: requisite.--_n._ NEED'YHOOD.--THE NEEDFUL (_slang_), ready money. [A.S. _néd_, _niéd_, _nýd_; Dut. _nood_, Ger. _noth_.]

NEEDLE, n[=e]d'l, _n._ a small, sharp-pointed steel instrument, with an eye for a thread--(_Shak._) NEELD, NEELE: any slender, pointed instrument like a needle, as the magnet or movable bar of a compass, or for knitting, etching, &c.: anything sharp and pointed, like a pinnacle of rock, &c.: an aciform crystal: a temporary support used by builders to sustain while repairing, being a strong beam resting on props: the long, narrow, needle-like leaf of a pine-tree.--_v.t._ to form into a shape like a needle, as crystals: to work with a needle.--_v.i._ to become of the shape of needles, as crystals.--_ns._ NEED'LE-BOOK, a number of pieces of cloth, leather, &c. arranged like a book, for holding needles; NEED'LE-CASE, a case for holding needles; NEED'LE-FISH, a pipe-fish: a garfish or belonid; NEED'LEFUL, as much thread as fills a needle; NEED'LE-GUN, a gun or rifle loaded at the breech, the cartridge of which is exploded by the impact of a needle or spike at its base.--_adjs._ NEED'LE-POINT'ED, pointed like a needle: without a barb, as a fish-hook; NEED'LE-SHAPED, shaped like a needle: applied to the long, slender, sharp-pointed leaves of pines, firs, and other trees.--_ns._ NEED'LE-TEL'EGRAPH, a telegraph the receiver of which gives its messages by the deflections of a magnetic needle; NEED'LEWOMAN, a woman who makes her living by her needle, a seamstress; NEED'LEWORK, work done with a needle: the business of a seamstress.--_adj._ NEED'LY, thorny. [A.S. _n['æ]dl_; Ger. _nadel_; cog. with Ger. _nähen_, to sew, L. _n[=e]re_, to spin.]

NEEP, a Scotch form of _turnip_.

NE'ER, n[=a]r, _adv._ contr. of _never_.--_adj._ and _n._ NE'ER'-DO-WELL, past all well-doing: one who is good for nothing.

NEESE, n[=e]z, _v.i._ an old form of _sneeze_.--_n._ NEES'ING, sneezing.

NEF, nef, _n._ a cadenas.

NEFANDOUS, n[=e]-fan'dus, _adj._ bad to execration, abominable. [L.,--_ne_, not, _fandus_, _f[=a]ri_, to speak.]

NEFARIOUS, n[=e]-f[=a]'ri-us, _adj._ impious: extremely wicked: villainous.--_adv._ NEF[=A]'RIOUSLY.--_n._ NEF[=A]'RIOUSNESS.--_adj._ N[=E]FAST', abominable. [L. _nefarius_, contrary to divine law--_ne_, not, _fas_, divine law, prob. from _f[=a]ri_, to speak.]

NEGATION, ne-g[=a]'shun, _n._ act of saying no: denial: (_logic_) the absence of certain qualities in anything. [Fr.,--L. _negation-em-_--_neg[=a]re_, _-[=a]tum_, to say no--_nec_, not, _aio_, I say yes.]

NEGATIVE, neg'a-tiv, _adj._ that denies or refuses--opp. to _Affirmative_: implying absence: that stops, hinders, neutralises--opp. to _Positive_: in photography, exhibiting the reverse, as dark for light, light for dark: (_logic_) denying the connection between a subject and a predicate: (_algebra_) noting a quantity to be subtracted.--_n._ a word or statement by which something is denied: the right or act of saying 'no,' or of refusing assent: the side of a question or the decision which denies what is affirmed: in photography, an image on glass or other medium, in which the lights and shades are the opposite of those in nature, used for printing positive impressions from on paper, &c.: (_gram._) a word that denies.--_v.t._ to prove the contrary: to reject by vote.--_adv._ NEG'ATIVELY.--_ns._ NEG'ATIVENESS, NEG'ATIVISM, NEGATIV'ITY.--_adj._ NEG'ATORY, expressing denial.--NEGATIVE BATH, a silver solution in which photographic negatives are placed to be sensitised; NEGATIVE ELECTRICITY, electricity with a relatively low potential, electricity such as is developed by rubbing resinous bodies with flannel, opposite to that obtained by rubbing glass; NEGATIVE QUANTITY (_math._), a quantity with a _minus_ sign ( - ) before it, indicating that it is either to be subtracted, or reckoned in an opposite direction from some other with a _plus_ sign; NEGATIVE SIGN, the sign ( - or _minus_) of subtraction. [L. _negativus_--_neg[=a]re_, to deny.]

NEG[=A]TUR, _v._ it is denied. [L., 3d pers. sing. pres. ind. pass. of _neg[=a]re_, to deny.]

NEGLECT, neg-lekt', _v.t._ to treat carelessly, pass by without notice: to omit by carelessness.--_n._ disregard: slight: omission.--_adj._ NEGLECT'ABLE, that may be neglected.--_ns._ NEGLECT'EDNESS; NEGLECT'ER.--_adj._ NEGLECT'FUL, careless: accustomed to omit or neglect things: slighting.--_adv._ NEGLECT'FULLY.--_n._ NEGLECT'FULNESS.--_adj._ NEGLECT'IBLE.--_adv._ NEGLECT'INGLY, carelessly: heedlessly. [L. _neglig[)e]re_, _neglectum_--_nec_, not, _leg[)e]re_, to gather.]

NEGLIGÉE, neg-li-zh[=a]', _n._ easy undress: a plain, loose gown: a necklace, usually of red coral.--_adj._ carelessly or unceremoniously dressed: careless. [Fr., fem. of _négligé_--_négliger_, to neglect.]

NEGLIGENCE, neg'li-jens, _n._ fact or quality of being negligent: want of proper care: habitual neglect: a single act of carelessness or neglect, a slight: carelessness about dress, manner, &c.: omission of duty, esp. such care for the interests of others as the law may require--(_Shak._) NEGLEC'TION.--_adj._ NEG'LIGENT, neglecting: careless: inattentive: disregarding ceremony or fashion.--_adv._ NEG'LIGENTLY.--_adj._ NEG'LIGIBLE.--_adv._ NEG'LIGIBLY. [Fr.,--L. _negligentia_--_negligens_, _-entis_, pr.p. of _neglig[)e]re_, to neglect.]

NEGOTIABLE, ne-g[=o]'shi-a-bl, _adj._ that may be transacted: that can be transferred to another with the same rights as belonged to the original holder, as a bill of exchange.--_n._ NEGOTIABIL'ITY.