chapter 27

, _Utrum sidera animam habeant_, the division into chapters seems the same as in the printed text.

[2543] Migne, PL 82, 73-728, a reprint of the edition of Arevalus, Rome, 1796. Large portions of the _Etymologies_ have been translated into English with an introduction of some seventy pages by E. Brehaut, _An Encyclopedist of the Dark Ages_; _Isidore of Seville_, 1912, in _Columbia University Studies in History_, etc., vol. 48, pp. 1-274. For Isidorean bibliography see pp. 17, 22-3, 46-7 of Brehaut’s introduction.

[2544] Manitius (1911), pp. 60-61; Brehaut (1912), p. 34.

[2545] To say, for example, that “so hospitable an attitude toward profane learning as Isidore displayed ... was never surpassed throughout the middle ages” (Brehaut, p. 31), is unfair to many later writers, as our discussion of the natural science of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries will show.

[2546] Brehaut (1912), p. 34.

[2547] Migne, PL 82, 73, “Opus de origine quarumdam rerum, ex veteris lectionis recordatione collectum, atque ita in quibusdam locis adnotatum, sicut exstat conscriptum stylo maiorum.”

[2548] See, for example, _Etymol._, VIII, 7, 3, “Vates a vi mentis appellatos, Varro auctor est.”

[2549] _Etymol._, XX, 2, 37.

[2550] Cassiodorus, however, urged the monks of the sixth century who cared for the sick to read Hippocrates and Galen as well as Dioscorides and Caelius Aurelianus; Brehaut (1912), p. 87, note, citing PL 70, 1146, in the _De instit. divin. litterarum_.

[2551] _Etymol._, XII, 4, 6 and 6, 34.

[2552] _Ibid._, XII, 4, 12.

[2553] _Ibid._, XII, 6, 56.

[2554] _Ibid._, XVII, 7, 17 and 9, 36; XIX, 17, 8.

[2555] _Ibid._, XVII, 9, 85.

[2556] _Ibid._, XVII, 9, 30.

[2557] _Etymol._, XVI, 15, 21-26.

[2558] _Ibid._, XI, 3, 4, “quod plurimis etiam experimentis probatum est.”

[2559] Brehaut (1912), p. 3.

[2560] _Etymol._, XVI, 26, 10, from Epiphanius, _Liber de ponderibus et mensuris_.

[2561] Hence, presumably, the _sextarii_, from _sex_.

[2562]

“Mens hausti nulla sanie polluta veneni Incantata perit....”

[2563] Migne, PL 83, 9.

[2564] For Rabanus’ account see Migne, PL 110, 1097-1110; Burchard, PL 140, 839 _et seq._; Ivo, PL 161, 760 _et seq._; Hincmar, PL 125, 716-29. Moreover, Burchard continues to follow Rabanus word for word for some ten columns after the conclusion of their mutual excerpt from Isidore, while Ivo is identical with Burchard for fifteen more columns. In “Some Medieval Conceptions of Magic,” _The Monist_, January, 1915, XXV, 107-39, I stated (p. 109, note 2) that I thought that I was the first to point out the identity of these four accounts with Isidore’s.

Since then, however, I have noticed that Manitius (1911), p. 299, notes the identity of Rabanus with Isidore, “Dass Hraban sich auch sonst ganz an Isidor anlehnt, beweist er in der Schrift _De consanguineorum nuptiis_ im Abschnitt _de magicis artibus_ (Migne, 109, 1097ff.) der aus _Etym._ 8, 9 stammt.” Also Mr. C. C. I. Webb, in his 1909 edition of the _Polycraticus_ notes John of Salisbury’s borrowings from Isidore and Ivo of Chartres. Finally, J. Hansen, _Zauberwahn, Inquisition, und Hexenprozess im Mittelalter_, 1900, at p. 49 notes that Isidore’s sketch of the history of magic keeps recurring in medieval writings, at p. 71 the dependence of Rabanus and Hincmar upon Isidore, and perhaps he somewhere notes the identity with the foregoing of the accounts of magic in Burchard and the other decretalists, but in the absence of an index to his volume I do not find such a passage. At p. 128, however, he notes that John of Salisbury’s description of magic is in part taken word for word from Isidore and Rabanus.

Professor Hamilton, in one of his papers on _Storm-Making Springs_, which appeared at about the same time as my article (_Romanic Review_, V, 3, 1914; but, owing probably to war conditions, this issue did not actually appear until after the number of _The Monist_ containing my article), came near noting the same thing when he spoke (p. 225) of Isidore’s chapter as “quoted at length” by Gratian—who seems to me, however, to give the substance of Isidore’s chapter rather than his exact wording—and further noted that four lines of Latin which he quoted were found alike in Rabanus, Hincmar, Ivo, and the _Polycraticus_ of John of Salisbury.

In my article I also stated: “Professor Burr, in a note to his paper on ‘The Literature of Witchcraft’ (_American Historical Association Papers_, IV (1890), p. 241) has described the accounts of Rabanus and Hincmar but without explicitly noting their close resemblance, although he characterizes Rabanus’ article as ‘mainly compiled.’” Professor Burr subsequently wrote to me, “That I did not mention the relation in my old paper on “The Literature of Witchcraft” was partly because they borrowed from other sources as well and partly because Isidore is himself a compiler. I hoped to come back to the matter in a more careful study of the whole genesis of these stock passages.”

[2565] See below,