Part 30

û (not common, only in foreign words)--_Pä´súñko_, Paseños of El Paso.

ai--_pai_, sun.

ñ (nasalized vowel)--_tseñ_, horse.

b--_bot_, stomach.

d (slightly explosive)--_do´_, tipi; _doha_, bluff.

d (evanescent)--_âdal_, hair.

g (sometimes approaching the sound of _k_)--_go_, and; _gadal_, buffalo.

h--_ho´an_, road, trail.

k--_kop_, pain.

k` (explosive)--_k`op_, mountain.

l--_älo´_, wild plum.

m--_mă´să´_, six.

n--_onhä´te_, bear.

p--_po_, trap.

p' (aspirated)--_p'o_, beaver.

s (there is no _sh_)--_sen_, nostril.

t--_tem_, bone.

t' (aspirate)--_t'a_, ear; _t'aiñ_, white.

w (very rare)--_Woháte_, a personal name.

y--_yi´a_, two.

z--_ze´bat_, arrow.

KIOWA-ENGLISH GLOSSARY

a--a game; _do´-a´_, _tso´ñ-a´_, etc.

ä--(1) feathers; singular, _ägo_, in composition, _ä-_; (2) trees, bushes, timber, wood, plants; singular _ä´do_, in composition _ä-_. _Pep_, literally "bush," is now frequently used on account of the recent death of a person in whose name _ädo_ occurs as a component.

ä[)ä]´--I come or approach; I came, _ätsä´n_; he or they came (sometimes used for return), _tsän_; come (imp. sing.) _im[)ä]´_.

Ä´anoñ´te--see _Doha´sän_ (2).

ä´-ä´oto´n--a timber clearing; from _ä_ and _ä´oto´n_, q.v.

Ä´bä´dlo´--"timber hill, or ridge" from _ä_ and _bä´dlo´_, q.v.; a bluff or hill closing in upon the bottom on the south side of the Washita at the Kiowa winter camp, 4 miles above the agency.

Ä´bäho´ko--Navaho; the old name, derived from the word Navaho; now more frequently called _Kotse´nto_, "muddy bodies" (_tse´n_, mud), from an alleged custom of painting themselves with clay. SIGN (1) "Mountain people," same as for the Ute (see _I´ătä´go_); (2) "Knife-whetters," same as for Apache (see _Tagu´i_).

abiñ´--tripe; the principal stomach of the buffalo or cow.

a´da´--island.

â´dal--hair; _â´daltem_ (literally, hair bone), head, in composition sometimes _âdal-_.

´dalbea´hya--the eucharistic "medicine" of the Kiowa, derived from the Sun-boy; sometimes called the _Tä´lyi-da´-i_, "Boy medicine," (page 238). The name refers in some way to the scalps with which it is covered, from _â´dal_, hair.

ä´dăldä--repeated (said of a ceremony), and hence might also be rendered "united" or "union," as applied to two ceremonies near together; _gi´ä´dăldäa´mo_, they will repeat the ceremony; _gi´ä´dăldäa´mi_, they have repeated the ceremony. The common word for often, or repetition, is _a`pa´_, as _a`pa´ gyäda´mo_, I am repeating or have repeated it, I have done it several times or often.

â´dalda-`gu´ăn--the scalp dance; literally "hair-kill dance," from _âdal_, _dă_, and _gu´ăn_, q.v.; scalp (noun), _ä`tä´t_ (see Winter 1849-50).

â´dalhabä´--"sloping or one-sided hair," from _â´dal_ and _habä´_, q.v.; a style of hair dress in which the hair upon the right side of the head is shaved close so as to display the ear pendants, while left full length on the left side.

´dalhabä´-k`ia--"_´dalhabä´_-man," a noted Kiowa chief killed in Texas in 1841 (see Winter 1841-42). The name refers to his peculiar hairdress, from _âdalhabä´_ and _k`ia_, q.v.

âdalhâñ´gya--money; literally "hair metal," from _â´dal_ and _hâ´ñgya_, q. v. (for explanation of name, see Winter 1832-33); softened to _â`lhâñgya_ or _o`lhoñ´gya_. Cf. _go´m-â´dal-hâ´ñgya_.

â´dalka´-i--foolish, crazy (temporarily); from _â´dal-_, head, in composition. Harmlessly demented, _â´dalka´-idă´_; stupid, _â´dalka´yom_; he has become crazy, _â´dalka´yom-dehe´dal_.

´dalka´-ido´ha´--"crazy bluff;" a bluff on the south side of Bear creek, near its head, between Cimarron and Arkansas rivers, near the western Kansas line. So called on account of a rejoicing there over a Caddo scalp (see Winter 1860-61).

â´dalka´-igihä--a crest or topknot, from _â´dal_ and _ka´-igihä´_, q.v. The kingfisher is called _âdalka´-igihä´_, on account of his topknot.

´dalk`ato´i-go--Nez Percés; "people with hair cut round across the forehead," from _â´dal_, _k`ato´i_, and _-go_, q. v. Identified by means of a picture of Chief Joseph. SIGN: Right forefinger drawn around across forehead.

´dalpe´pte--"bushy hair," an old Kiowa warrior, commonly known as Frizzle-head; from _â´dal_, _pep_, and _te_, q. v. _Âdalpep_ is also the name of a specific variety of bush.

´daltädo--see _K`apä´to_.

â´daltem--head or skull, literally "hair bone," from _â´dal_ and _tem_, q. v. In composition it becomes _âdal-_ or _â´daltoñ_, the latter being the plural form.

´daltem-etku´egan-de p'a--"head-dragging creek," from _â´daltem_, _etku´egan_, _-de_, and _p'a_, q.v.; a small tributary of Clear fork of the Brazos (_Äse´se p'a_) in Texas (see Winter 1837-38).

â´daltoñ--heads, plural form of _âdaltem_, q. v. The plural form is commonly used in the composition of proper names, as _Âdaltoñ-edal_, "Big-head;" _Sapo´dal-adaltoñ p'a_, "Owl-head creek." This pluralizing of proper-name forms is common also in other Indian languages.

´daltoñ-â´dalka´-igihä´go--Ponka; "Crested-head people," on account of their peculiar headdress, consisting of a ridge of erect hair along the top of the head from front to back, like the crest of an ancient helmet; from _â´daltoñ_, _â´dalka´-igihä´_, and go, q. v. Cf. _´daltoñ-ka´-igihä´go_.

´daltoñ-e´dal--"Big-head," from _â´daltoñ_ and _edal_, q. v.; (1) a prominent Kiowa warrior who died in the winter of 1863-64; (2) a chief still living, nephew and namesake of the other, commonly known as Comalty, from his former name _Gomä´te_, which can not be translated.

´daltoñ-ka´-igihä´go--Flatheads, literally "compressed head people," from _â´daltoñ_, _ka´-igihä´_, and go, q. v. They are sometimes also called _´daltoñ-k`iägo_, "Head people." The Kiowa indicate them in the sign language by a gesture as if compressing the head between the hands. Cf. _´daltoñ-â´dalka´-ijihä´go_.

´daltoñ-k`i´ägo--See the preceding.

ä´dalto´yi--wild sheep; plural _ä´dalto´yui_; the name refers to their going in droves or herds; also called _teñbe_, plural _te´ñbeyu´i_.

Ä´dalto´yui--"Wild Sheep," one of the six military orders of the Kiowa (see 142), from _âdalto´yi_, q. v. They are also called _Teñ´beyu´i_, from _teñ´be_, another name for the same animal.

Ä´dăm--the Kiowa name of agent Charles E. Adams (1889--1891); a corruption of his proper name.

Ä´da´n--"Timber pass," locative _Ä´da´ngyă_, from _ä_, _dan_, and _gyă_, q. v.; the valley along _Ä´da´n p'a_, q. v.

Ä´da´n p'a--"Timber-pass creek," from _ä_, _dan_, and _p'a_, q. v.; a creek north of Mount Scott, flowing south into Medicine-bluff creek, on the reservation. Se´t-ĭmki´a, _Gaa´piatañ_, and other prominent Kiowa live upon it.

A`da´te--"Island," from _a`da´_, q. v.; head chief of the Kiowa in 1833, superseded by the great Dohasän.

ADDO ETA--see _Ä´do-ee´tte_.

ä´`de--an idol or amulet carried on the person. Cf. _Ä´`dek`i´a_.

Ä´`dek`i´a--"Idol-man," from _ä´`de_ and _k`i´a_, q. v.; a Kiowa warrior, so called because he always carried an unknown _ä´`de_ a pouch slung from his shoulder.

_Ä´`dek`i´a-de p'a_--Buck or Clear creek, which enters Red river at the corner of the reservation; literally "_Ä´`dek`i´a's_ river" (see the preceding), because he died there.

ä´do or ädă´--tree, shrub, timber; plural _ä_, q. v.

Ädo´ä p'a--Mule creek, between Medicine-lodge creek and Salt fork of the Arkansas, Oklahoma; literally "timber wind-break creek," from, _ä_ and _doä_, q. v.; so called from a circular opening in the timber, resembling a wind-break. Another informant says it was so called because frequented by the Pawnee, who used always to build such wind-breaks about their camps.

ä´do-byu´ñi--a circular opening in timber; from _ä´do_ and _byu´ñi_, q. v.

Ä´do-ee´tä-de p'a--Valley creek (?); a northern tributary of Elm fork in Greer county, Oklahoma; the _Ataway-taiti Pau_, of the map in U. S. Sup. Ct., Greer county case, I, 652; literally "big tree creek," from _ädo_, _ee´t_, _-de_, and _p'a_. So called on account of a large cottonwood formerly growing on its east bank, which required seven men to span it. It was afterward cut down by Mexicans. The form is plural. Cf. _Ä´gi´ăni p'a_. It was also known as _Tseñtän p'a_, from the _Tseñtänmo_ military order.

Ä´do-ee´tte--"Big-tree," from _ä´do_, _ee´t_ or _e´dăl_, and _te_; a prominent Kiowa chief, still living; spelled _Addo Eta_ by Battey.

Ä´do´mko--"people under the trees, timber people," from _ä_, _dom_, and _ko_; a collective term for the immigrant tribes from the gulf states, now in Indian Territory, the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, Seminole, and Caddo. Individual tribes are known also by special names, as _Tsĕ´roki_ (Cherokee), _Masko´ki_ (Creek), _Ma´sep'_ (Caddo).

A-EI-KENDA (Apache)--"The One who is Surrendered;" the name with rendering as given in the treaty, of a Kiowa Apache chief who signed the treaty of 1837.

A`ga´bai´--"On-top-of-the-hill; a Kiowa woman killed by her husband in 1876-77.

Ä´`g'a´do--"wailing sun dance," from _a´`gyä_ and _g'ado_. The sun dance of 1837, so called on account of the wailing for warriors killed by the Cheyenne.

ä`ga´-i--a species of hawk.

Ä`ga´-i p'a--(1) "hawk creek;" the east fork of Elk creek on the reservation; (2) an upper branch of White river, of the Brazos, Texas.

ä´`ga´n--see _gyä´`gan_.

Ä`gâ´nti--a moon or month including parts of October and November, from _ä`gâ´ntsän_, q. v. Sometimes also called _Ä´`gântsä´nha_, or _Sä-kop p'a_, "midwinter moon," from _sä-kop_ and _p'a_. (See page 368.)

_ä`gâ´ntsän_--an irregular verb about equivalent to "I am coming soon," or "wait until I come." _Hi´tugŭ´ ä`gâ´ntsän_, "wait and I'll go."

Ä`gâ´ntsä´nha--see _Ä`gâ´nti_.

a´`gat--pimple.

a´`gat-ho´dal--measles, "pimple sickness," from _a´`gat_ and _ho´dal_.

Ä´gi´ăni p'a--the middle fork of Elk creek of Red river, on the reservation; "long, or tall, tree creek," from _ä_, _g´iăni_ and _p'a_; so called on account of a very large tree formerly upon it. Cf. _Ä´do-ee´tä-de p'a._ Marcy in 1852 notes large cottonwoods on the South Canadian about 101^c, one being 19-1/2 feet in circumference 5 feet from the ground.

Ä´`go´tä--chinaberry tree or _palo duro_; "hard wood tree," from _ä_, _got_, and _ä_.

Ä`go´tä p'a--"Chinaberry creek;" Palo-duro creek, in the panhandle of Texas.

Ägu´at--see _Sä´k'ota_.

Ägun´tä p'a--Washita river; "tipi-pole timber river," from _ä_, _guntä_, and _p'a_.

a´`gyä--lamentation, wailing, crying; a loud, general, and continuous wailing, as for the dead. It has no verbal form. Crying (n.), _a´lyi_; I cry, _äa´lyi_.

Ä´gya´i`ko--Penätĕ´`ka Comanche; "timber Comanche," from _ä_ and _Gyai`ko_. Their Comanche name, Penätĕ´ka or Penätĕ´`ka, signifies "honey eaters."

äha´gyä--they took it (a quantity or number, as of cattle or money, either by trade or force). The verb has no present. _gyäha´gyä_, I have taken it (animate object or money); _gyäta´gyä_, I have taken it (inanimate object).

ahi´ñ--cedar; "conspicuous," "peculiar," on account of its green appearance in winter; said also of a pinto horse, a finely dressed chief, etc. Cf. _ä´hi´ñ_, "principal tree," i. e., the cottonwood.

Ahi´ñ do´ha--"cedar bluff," from _ahi´ñ_ and _doha_; a bluff on the north side of Smoky-hill river, about opposite the mouth of Timber creek, near Fort Hays, Kansas.

Ahi´ña toñ--"cedar spring," from _ahi´ñ_ and _toñtep_; a water hole on the Staked plain in Texas or New Mexico.

AH-PE-AH-TONE--see _Ä´piatañ_.

AH-TE-ES-TA--see _Äte´stisti_.

Ä´hyäto--Southern Arapaho; plural, _Ä´hyädal_. The name can not be interpreted or explained by the Kiowa, but is the same name applied to the wild plum bush; the first syllable, _ä_, may mean tree, bush, or timber. The Kiowa formerly called the Southern Arapaho _Komse´ka-k`i´ñähyu´p_, "men of the worn-out leggings," from _komse´_, _ka´ti_, and _k`iñ´ähi_. T'ebodal, the oldest man in the tribe, says that the name _Ä´hyäto_ was formerly applied to the Osage (see _K`apä´to_), but was changed on account of a death and revived for another tribe. The Kiowa called the Northern Arapaho of Wyoming _Tägyä´ko_, "wild sage people" (from _tä´gyĭ_ and _ko_ or _k`iäko_), and the Arapaho Grosventres, living with the Blackfeet, they call _Botk`i´ägo_, "belly people" (from _bot_ and _k`i´ägo_).

ai´deñ--leaves, foliage.

Aideñ P'a--a moon or month including parts of March and April; "leaf or foliage moon," from _ai´deñ_ and _p'a_.

A´ideñ-gyägu´ădal-om´gyä-i--see _Pao´ngya_.

Ai´koñ p'a--"dark-timber, i. e., shady, river," from _ä_, _koñ_ and _p'a_; (1) Pawnee fork of Arkansas river in Kansas, also called _Mâ´nka-gu´ădal-de p'a_, from a Comanche chief named Mâ´nka-gu´ădal, q. v., who was killed there; (2) Boggy creek, tributary of the South Canadian, on the Wichita reservation, sometimes called _Gi´atä P'ada´ti_, "ridge creek, or backbone creek," from _gi´apa´-iñgya_, on account of a high ridge which separates it from the South Canadian (see also _Aikoñ tsen p'a_).

Ai'koñ P'a Sole´go or Ai´koñ P'a Yä´`pähe´gyă--Fort Larned, Kansas, established in 1859 on the south bank of Pawnee fork, 8 miles above its junction with the Arkansas, It was the issue point for the southern plains tribes until their removal to Indian Territory. The name signifies "soldier place on Dark-timber river," from _Aikoñ p'a_, _sole´go_ or _yä´`pähe´_, and _gyă_. Also called Mânka-gu´ădal-de P'agya, Yä´`pähe gi´ădal-de´e, q.v.

A´ikoñ tsen p'a--Lebos creek, Greer county, Oklahoma; "dark timber mud creek," or "muddy dark-timber creek," from _Aikoñ p'a_ and _tsen_. Sometimes called simply Aikoñ p'a.

ak`a´--rough, notched, serrated.

äk`a´--I am lying down; he is lying down, _k`a_. Cf. _k`a_, knife.

aka´-i--wrinkled.

akan(-gya)--last (of a series); at the end; in composition _aka´n_.

äko´ä--I spy.

Äk`o´dalte--"Feather-necklace," a Kiowa warrior and shield maker (see Winter 1853-54). Abbreviated from _Äk`o´dalpä´te_, from _ä_, _k`o´dalpä_, and _te_.

Ä´läho´--Quapaw? Omaha? Described as a tribe living north from the Osage, and with the same language and style of shaving the head. Gaa´piatañ, who knows the name of the Quapaw, says they are the Äläho´. The name occurs in the early French narratives, as Anahou, Anahon, Anahous, and Annaho, described as the Osage or a part of them (Joutel, 1687; La Harpe, 1719; Bienville (?), 1719; in Margry, VI). Dorsey stated that the Osage, Quapaw, and Kaw speak one dialect, and the Omaha and Ponka another dialect, of the same language. The name has no meaning to the Kiowa, who say that it is the name used by the Äläho´ themselves. It can hardly be intended for the Omaha, whom the Kiowa call _O´moho´ñko_.

älo´--plural _älâ´go_, the wild plum; _t`äbälo´_, "antelope plum," a smaller bush variety; _señ-älo´_, "prickly _älo´_," the prickly pear; _pa´gi-älo´_, "downy _älo´_," peach; _älo-sâhe´_, "green _älo´_," apple; _älo´-gu´ak`o_, "yellow _älo´_," orange; _älo´-koñ´kya_, "black _älo´_," prune.

âm, âmo--the root of the verb to do, to make; I make it (generic), _gyädâ´mo_; I make it (dress, arrow, etc), _gyätâ´mo_; I make butter, etc, _giâ´mo_.

an--a track.

änä´obahe´ma--we must die (from Kâitse´ñko song). Cf. _hem_.

Ä´ndali--for "Andres;" Andres Martinez, an influential Mexican captive among the Kiowa and delegate in 1894 (see Winter 1866-67).

añga´dal--beyond, more.

Añga´-ite´--"Ankle," a Mexican captive and Florida prisoner in 1875. There is no real word for ankle, which is described as "foot joint," etc.

Ango´pte--see _T'ene´-ango´pte_.

añgya--sitting; _ääñgya_, I sit; _ä´ñgya_, he sits.

A´nko´ or A´nkopa´-iñgyade´te--"In-the-middle-of-many-tracks," from _an_, _kopa´-iñgya_, _de_, and _te_. A Kiowa warrior, author of two of the calendars, commonly abbreviated to Anko´.

anso´, anso´i--foot.

A´nso-gi´ăni or Anso´`te--"Long-foot," from _anso´_, _gi´ăni_, and _te_; a noted priest of the _taíme_, who held it for forty years, from before 1833 until his death in the winter of 1870-71. Commonly abbreviated to Anso´`te.

ä´ntsenku´ădal--"he (she) built a nest there," literally, "he put clay (?) there;" a bird's nest is called _tsen_, which also is the word for "mud," possibly because some birds build nests of clay; _tsengiâ´mo guato_, "the bird is building a nest." A bird's nest is also called _gu´ăto-do´_, "bird house."

äo´päñ--he was initiated into the Kâ´itseñko, q. v.; I am, etc, _äo´päñ_; they were initiated, etc, _edo´päñ_; to initiate into the Kâ´itseñko, _äo´pä_, from verb _äo´pä_, "to tie with a rope around the neck" (see Summer 1846). I tie it, _gyäpä´imo_; I tie him with a rope around his neck (not necessarily to choke him), _gyäo´pä_; I choke him with my hand, _gyäo´`de_.

ä´oto´n--they were massacred, exterminated, or annihilated; also to clear off, as timber; I exterminate them, _de´oton_; we shall exterminate them, _e´dato´ndo´_.

A'pämâ´dal(te)--"Struck-his-head-against-a-tree," a Mexican captive killed in Texas in the winter of 1866-67. From _äpâdeâ´dalgop_, "I strike my head against a tree;" _ä_, tree; _â'dal-_, head, in composition.

äpäñtsep--they left him (it) tied; I tie him (uncommon), _gyäpä´ñi_; I leave him tied, _gyäpä´ñtsep_.

a´`pata´--far up, far off; a word used in pointing out the top of a very tall tree, the end of a long rope or a sky depth; intended to convey the idea of going out of sight.

A´päta´te--"Far-up," from _ä´`päta´_ and _te_; a Kiowa rendering of the name of the Cheyenne chief, Wo´ifdo´ĭsh, "Touch-the-clonds," killed by the Pawnee in 1852. He was also called K`a-t'ogyä, "Knife shirt," or Hâ´ñt'o´-gyäk`i´a,` "Iron-shirt-man" (Cheyenne, _Mä-ai´-tai´-ĭ´stsĭ-hĭ´nă´_) on account of a cuirass which he wore, probably taken from Mexico (see _k`a_, _t'ogyä_, _hâñgya_, _k`ïa_).

Ä´pätdo´ p'a--Cimarron river, Oklahoma, "river of trees with low spreading branches," from _ä_, _pä´tdo´_, and _p'a_. Also sometimes called _Doha´te-hem-de p'a_, "river where Doha´sän died" (in 1866), from _Doha´te_, _hem_, _-de_, and _p'a_.

ä´pätsä´t--tree tops, from _ä_ and _pätsä´t_.

a´peñ.--otter.

A´peñ-gu´ădal--"Red-otter;" a Kiowa warrior, brother of old Lone-wolf (see Winter 1873-74). From _a´peñ_ and _gu´ădal_.

Ä´piatañ--"Wooden-lance;" a Kiowa delegate to the messiah, 1890, and to Washington, 1894; also spelled _Ah-pe-ah-tone_ (_Report, 113_). The name implies a lance without a metal blade, like Set-t'aiñte's famous _zebat_, from _ä_ and _piătañ´ga_.

ä´poto--a branch or limb of a tree; a forked stick or rod; one of the large forked poles which support the roof of the medicine lodge; from _ä_ and _po´to´_ (see story, Summer 1857).

ä´sâhe´--ragweed (_Ambrosia psilostachya_), literally "green plant," from _ä_ and _sâhe´_. It is used medicinally by the Kiowa for persons and horses, and on account of the resemblance to its bitter taste the name has been transferred to pickles, _äsâhe´_, whence also _ä´sâhe´toñ_, vinegar.

ase´--a creek or small stream. The word is seldom heard, _p'a_ being generally used for all streams, large or small.

a´se´gya--spring (the season), an archaic word which can not be analyzed (see page 366). It is also known as _so´npa´ta_, "grass sprouting," from _son_ and _gyäpa´ta_.

ä´semtse--he was stolen. I steal, _gyäse´mdo_ or _gyäse´mk`o_; I steal a horse, cow, etc, _gyäse´mk`op_; they stole them (horses, etc), _eda´se´mk`op_; thief, _se´mät_, hence their name for the Kiowa Apache.

Ä´sese p'a--Clear fork of Brazos river, Texas; literally, "wooden arrowpoint river," from _ä_, _se´se_, and _p'a_. The Comanche name, conveying the same meaning, is _Tä´`ka-ho´novĭt_. Cf. _Se´sep'a_.

_Ätäbĭts_ (Comanche)--see _Ĕ´sikwita_.

Ä´-tagu´i--the Lipan and the Mescalero Apache; "timber Apache," from _ä_, and _Tagu´i_. It seems to refer more particularly to the Lipan, the Mescalero usually being called by their Comanche name of _Ĕ´sikwita_.

ä´taha´-i--a war-bonnet, literally "feather crest," from _ä_ and _taha´_. The war-bonnet is the most showy part of an Indian warrior's dress, and consists of a cap and crown of eagle feathers, with a pendant of the same feathers fixed in a broad streamer of red cloth or buffalo skin of sufficient length to trail upon the grotind when the wearer stands erect. Cf. _ä´tä`lä´_.

Ä´taha´-i Gyä´`gan-de Ase´--"creek where they bought the war-bonnet;" the fourth creek entering North fork of Red river from the north below Sweetwater creek, western Oklahoma; so called because some returning warriors brought to the Kiowa camp there a war-bonnet taken from the Ute (see Summer 1869). From _ä´taha´-i_, _gyä`ga´n, -de_, and _ase´_.

Ä´taha´-ik`i--"War-bonnet-man," a Kiowa warrior killed in Mexico in 1844-45; also known as _Set-k`o´dalte_, "Bear-neck;" from _ä´taha´-i_, _k`i_, _set_, _k`odal_, and _te_.

ät'a´kagu´a--antelope "medicine" for hunting antelope; literally, "they surrounded (_äka´gu´a_) antelope (_t'a_);" present, used only for ceremonial or "medicine" surround, _ät'a´kayi´_. The common word is _egi´atä´da_, "they are surrounding him" (see Winter 1848-49).

Ä´-t'a`ka´-i--"timber Mexicans," inhabitants of Tamaulipas and both sides of the lower Rio Grande; from _ä_, and _t'a`ka´-i_.

Ä´-t'a`ka´-i Dombe, or _Ä-t'a`ka´-i-gyă_--Nuevo Leon, Tamaulipas, and southeastern Texas; literally, "Timber-Mexican country," from _Ä´-t'a`ka´-i_, _dombe_, and _gyă_ (see _Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i-do´mbe_).

ä´tä`lä´--a feather headdress, an imitation from the Ute and other western tribes, made of feathers bent or doubled in a peculiar manner; from, _ä_ and _tä`lä´_.

Ä´tä`lä´te--"Feather-headdress," a Kiowa warrior in 1888-89; from _ä´tä`lä´_ and _te_.

a´tän--sour, bitter.

ätä´ndo--"he has a headdress of upright feathers;" said of one of the _Tseñtä´nmo_, q. v.

atäñ´ta--I am dissatisfied.

a´täntai´--salt, from _a´tän_ and _t'aiñ_ (?).

A´täntai´-gyäk`udal-de´e´--"salt place," "where there is salt;" the salt beds on the upper South Canadian, at the New Mexico line.

A´täntai´ p'a--"salt river," from _a´täntai´_ and _p'a_; (1) Salt fork of Arkansas river, Oklahoma; (2) Elm fork of Red river, Greer county, Oklahoma; (3) a southern branch of the South Canadian, above _Dä´ñpeä p'a_ (White-deer creek?), in the Texas panhandle, near where the Ute captured the _taíme_ in 1868, and near the New Mexico line. Near it was a salt deposit, from which the Indians procured salt. The Salt fork of Red river is called by the Kiowa _Dä-mä´tan-ä p'a_, q. v.

ATAWAY-TAITI PAU--see _Ä´do-ee´tä-de p'a_.

_Äte´stisti_ (Comanche)--"Little-horn," a Comanche signer of the treaty of Medicine Lodge, 1867; spelled Ah-te-es-ta on the treaty.

äti--entrails. Cf. _sadal_.

ä´`to--cowbird? The ordinary name for the common cowbird is _tseñ-gu´ato_, "horse bird."

äto´ñ--bones, his (?) bones. Cf. _tem_.

Ä´`to-t'aiñ--"White-cowbird," from _ä´`to_ and _t'aiñ_; a Kiowa war chief, brother of Sun-boy, and killed by Texans in 1878-79. In 1874 Set-t'aiñte had given him his _zebat_ or medicine lance, for which reason he was sometimes known as Zebä-do-k`ia, "Man-who-has-the-arrows" (plural form), from _zebä_, _gyädo´_, and _k`ia_.

Äyä--"Sitting-on-a-tree" (?). A boy saved from the Osage massacre in 1833. The name seems to be abbreviated from Äyä´ñgya, "Sitting-on-a-tree," from _ä_ and _ä´ñgya_, but may possibly be for _Äyä´ñti_, "(He is)-Walking-on-a-tree," or _Äyäñ´yi_, "Dreaming-on-a-tree."

Ä´yä´daldä--"Timber hill," from _ä_ and _yä´daldä_; a hill near the southern Kansas line, on Medicine-lodge creek, hence called _Ä´yä´daldä p'a_.

Ä´yä´daldä p'a--"Timber-hill river" (see preceding); Medicine-lodge creek, which flows southward from Kansas into the Salt fork of the Arkansas. The noted treaty was made here in 1867 (see Winter 1867-68).

azä´, azai´--udder.

Azä´tañhop--"those who went away dissatisfied on account of the udder," from _azä´_, _atäñ´ta_, and _hop_; a traditional seceding band of Kiowa.

äzo´n--pomme blanche (_Psoralea esculenta_); a characteristic plains plant, the root of which is eaten in early summer by probably all the tribes of the plains.

äzo´t--driftwood; a dam formed by driftwood; from _ä_ and _zo´_ (?), the root of the verb "to flow."

Äzo´t p'a--"Driftwood creek, from _äzo´t_ and _p'a_; Two-butte creek, a southern tributary of the Arkansas, below Bent's Fort in Colorado; so called from quantities of driftwood from freshets along its lower course. Near its head, is a "double mountain" (Two buttes?).

_Bab´i`pa´_ (Apache)--an Apache signer of the treaty of 1867, called on the treaty "Mah-vip-pah, Wolf's sleeve."

badai´--(he is) appearing (as from, over a hill); I am appearing, _äba´dai´_; he is appearing or coming in sight, _badai´_ or _badä´_.

ba´dlo´--another name for hill, ridge, or bluff. Cf. _k`op_, _yä´daldä_, _do´ha´_.

Bä´o (-te)--see _Guñsa´dalte_.

bä´otse´yu--cat; from _bä´o_ (onomatope?) and _tse´yu_.

bätso´!--run to it! hurry toward it! implying hurrying to shelter or protection, as _tso´ bätso´! k`op bätso´!_

BA-ZHE-ECH (Apache)--an Apache signer of the treaty of 1867, called on the treaty "_Ba-zhe-ech, Iron Shirt_."

be´dal--mouth; properly, lips; singular, _be´ta_.

Be´dalgu´ăt--see _Do`gu´ăt_.

be´dalpa´--beard; literally, "mouth down or fur," from _be´dal_ and _pa_; the more common word is _senpo_, q. v.

Be´dalpa´go--white people, particularly Americans; literally, "bearded people," from _be´dalpa´_ and _gó_. Other Kiowa names for the whites are: (1) _T'a`ta´-i_, an old word signifying "prominent or flapping ears," from _t´a_ and _ka´-i_, from the fact that the shorter hair of the white men makes their ears appear more prominent; the same name is also applied to a mule. (2) _Hâñpo´go_, "trappers," from _hâ´ñpo´_ and _go_, because some of the first whites known to them were American trappers. (3) _Ganoñ´ko_, "growlers," on account of their coarse voices, as regarded by the Indians. (4) _Gañto´nto_, "cap wearers," from _gañto´n_. (5) _Bo´yoñko_, "blonds;" singular, _Bo´yoñk`i´a_, from _boiñ_ and _ko_ or _k`ia_.

Be´dalpaheñ´ko--see _Te´guă-go_.

Belo--"Pedro," the Kiowa corruption of the name of a Carrizo (Mexican) captive, a Florida prisoner in 1875, and still (1897) living.

_Be´shĭltchă_ (Apache)--the Kiowa Apache name for the Kiowa.

_Bi´ăko_--Viejo (?); a Mexican captive and a Florida prisoner in 1875; still living.

biăn, biănta--large. Cf. _edal_.

bi´ăndäta--it boils, boiling.

bi´ăsot--shower, showery; _bi´ăso´tdă´_, it is drizzling.

bi´ĭmkâ´-i--a parfléche box, pouch, box; wooden box, _ä´-o`kâ´-i_.

bodal--abnormal, or useless (?); cf. _ka´-bodal_ and _T'a-bodal_. A somewhat similar word, _p'o´dălta_, in composition, _p'o´dal_, q. v., signifies decayed or rotten.

Bo´he´--not translatable and probably of foreign origin; a Kiowa man still living, said to have six fingers on each hand. His brother, _Masa´te_, "Six," had six toes on each foot.

boho´n--cap, especially a war cap, ornamented with feathers, and sometimes with buffalo horns. _Bo´ho´nta_ or _k`an-bo´ho´nta_, (a white man's) hat, from _boho´n_ and _k`an_, squeezed or compressed, perhaps referring to the split in the middle or to the brim doubled up.

Boho´n-ko´ñkya--"Black-cap;" a former Kiowa chief, one of the signers of the treaty of 1837, where his name appears as "Bon-congais, the Black Cap." Catlin painted his picture in 1834 (pl. LXXVI herein) under the name of "Bon-son-gee, the New Fire." Imo´tä, a son of ´dalpe´pte, is properly Boho´n-ko´ñkya, named from this chief.

bo´iñ--blond, bright. Cf. _tsoñda_.

Bo´iñ-e´dal--"Big-blond;" a German captive, taken in 1835, still living among the Kiowa (see Summer 1835).