Part 33

k`o´dali´ätoñ (or k`oli´äton)--a variety of musselshell used for gorgets or neck pendants, especially by the Osage; from _k`o´dal_. The Kiowa have no generic name for shell. A flint arrowhead worn as a neck pendant by Kiowa medicine-men is called _Bo´-se´se_, "_Bo_ arrow," from _Bo_, a mythic dwarf, very strong.

K`o´dali´ätoñ p'a--(abbreviated, _K`oli´ätoñ p'a_); (North) Platte river; literally, "necklace-shell river," or "gorget-shell river;" sometimes called _K`o´dalpä p'a_, "necklace river," and by misconception arising from its proximity to the Dakota _K`o´dalpäk`i´a p'a_, "Sioux river." According to Clark, the Indians generally call it shell, or shell-on-neck, river. The South Platte is called _Don p'a_, "Fat river."

k`o´dalpä--necklace, gorget, breastplate; from _k`odal_ and _pä_, the root of _gyäpä´imo_.

K`o´dalpä p'a or K`o´dalpäk`i´a p'a--see _K`o´dali´ätoñ p'a_.

K`o´dalpä-k`i´ägo--the Dakota; literally, "necklace people," from _k`o´dalpä_ and _k`i´ägo_. Probably a misconception of the tribal sign, made by drawing the hand with a sweeping pass in front of the throat, and commonly interpreted "Beheaders," from a former tribal custom. "Beheaders" in Kiowa, would be _K`o´daltä-k`i´ägo_.

k`o´daltä--beheading (see _ĭmk`o´daltä_).

K`o´daltä k`op--"beheading mountain;" a low mountain on the head of Otter creek, on the reservation, within two miles northwest from Saddle mountain (_Ta´-k`op_) and about 25 miles northwest from Fort Sill. The massacre from which it takes its name occurred on the west side (see Summer 1833).

ko`ga´-i--elk. Elk have been seen in the Wichita mountains within twenty-five years.

Ko`ga´-i p'a--"elk creek." (1) Red-deer creek, a southern tributary of the South Canadian in the Texas panhandle. (2) Former name of Elk creek, now _Donä´i p'a_.

Ko`gu´i--"Elk," an archaic or ceremonial form; one of the six recognized divisions of the Kiowa tribe, the "Elk" band of Clark (see page 228).

k`oli´ätoñ--abbreviated form of _k`o´dali´ätoñ_, q. v.

Ko´mpabi´ănta--"Big tipi flaps," from _kompa´ka_ and _bi´ănta_; an old name sometimes used by the Kiowa for themselves, for which no satisfactory reason is assigned. Another form is _Kompa´go_, "tipi-flap people," from _kompa´ka_ and _go_.

Kompa´go--see _Ko´mpabi´ănta_.

kompa´ka--tipi flaps, at the top where smoke escapes; now _chimney_; plural, _ko´mpa´_.

komse´--worn out, old; as an old worn-out tipi.

Komse´ka-k`i´ñähyup--see _Ä´hyäto_.

Komtä´ga or Komt[:ă]´-gun-da--the tipi medicine and the pole to which it is tied (see _Gunpä´ñdamä_).

Ko´ñabiñ´ate--"Black-tripe," from _koñkya_, _abi´ñ_, and _te_; abbreviated _Koñ´ate_; a Kiowa warrior, hero of a noted adventure (see Summer 1857). Afterward called _Pa´-ta´dal_, q. v.

ko´ñaka´n--one issue period of two weeks; literally, "end, or series, of nights," from _koñkya_ and _aka´n_. Cf. _koñtä´kia_.

Ko´ñate--see _Ko´ñabi´ñate_.

Koñ´-do´ha´--"black bluff," from _koñkya_ and _do´ha´_; a bluff in the vicinity of the head of Cimarron river, in southeastern Colorado or the adjoining part of New Mexico.

Koñ´k`i´ägo--see _I´ătä´go_ and _Gaa´k`iägo_.

koñ (-kya)--black, dark, _one night_ in time measure of journeys; in composition _koñ_. One night, two nights, etc, _pägo koñ_, _yi´a koñ_, etc; _koñ´kya_, black; _ko´ñkyädă´_, it is black; _ko´ñkyäoñ_, he is black (as a negro); _koñguat_, black paint.

Ko´ñkyäo´ñko or Ko´ñkyäo´ñ-t'a`ka´-i--"Negroes;" literally, "black people," or "people with black upon them," from _koñkya_, _oñ_, and _-ko_; singular _Ko´ñkyäo´ñk`i´a_. Cf. _Gu´ădalo´ñte_. Also sometimes called _Ko´ñkyäo´ñ-t'a`ka´-i_, "black white men."

Koñpä´te---"Blackens-himself," or "Makes-himself-black," from _koñkya_, black, _deko´ñpäka´_, I blacken myself; a Kiowa warrior killed by soldiers in 1871.

ko´nsenä´--turned up (?).

koñtä´kia--a week; literally, middle of (issue) nights; also _pä´go Daki´ada_, i. e., "one Sunday." Cf. _ko´ñaka´n_.

Koñtä´lyui--"Black boys," from _koñ´kya_ and _t´älyi´_; one of the six recognized divisions of the Kiowa tribe; also called _Si´ndiyu´i_, "Sindi's children," from _Sindi_ and _i_; the "Black" band of Clark (see page 228).

Koñyä´daldä--"black hill," from _koñkya_ and _yä´daldä_; probably identical with the Blue hills in northern Kansas. Described as between _Pe p'a_ (Smoky-hill river) and _Hâñtso p'a_ (Solomon fork?). (See Summers 1854 and 1860).

Koñyä´daldä p'a--"black-hill river;" a stream in the neighborhood of _Koñyä´daldä_, q. v., Kansas (see 1852).

KON-ZHON-TA-CO--see _Se´t-ta´dal_ (Apache).

kop--pain. I have pain, _nyäko´p_; sickness, _ho´dălda_; I am sick, _äho´dălda_.

k`op--mountain; before vowels it becomes _k`ob_. Cf. _yädaldä_, _ba´dlo´_.

K`op-pe p'a--"mountain-sand river;" North fork of Red river, Oklahoma. It is said to be called Nueces by the Mexicans.

kopa´-iñgya--middle, in the middle; abbreviated _pa´-iñgya_.

kope´dal--flat. Cf. _ka´-igihä´_.

K`o´pgya--"at the mountains," or "toward the mountains," from _k`op_ and _-gyă_; vicinity of Fort Sill, on the reservation.

K`opk`i´ägo--see _I´ătä´go_.

K`o´p-sole´gya--see _Ts´o`kada´hä´gya_.

K`op-tagu´i--the Jicarilla Apache; literally "Mountain Apache;" cf. _Tagu´i_.

K`optai´de-do´-tse´dalte--Signal mountain, west of Fort Sill, on the reservation; literally, "mountain with a house situated upon it," from _k`op_, _tai´-de_, _do´_, and _tse´dalte_. Also called _Pi´ăya-do-tse´dalte_, "house upon the summit," from _pi´ăya_, _do´_, and _tse´dalte_. Both names, as well as the English name, refer to the military lookout or signal station built upon it in 1871 and still remaining.

K`o´p-t'a`ka´-i--New Mexicans, sometimes used for Mexicans generally; literally, "mountain, whites," from _k`op_ and _t'a`ka´-i_. Cf. _Ä-t'a`ka´-i_, _Toñ´he´ñ-t'a`ka´-i_, _Tso´-`t'a`ka´-i_.

K`o´p-t'a`ka´'-i Do´mbe--New Mexico; literally, "Mountain Mexican country."

K`o´p-t'a`ka´-i p'a--Delaware creek, a south tributary of the Washita, on the reservation, about 4 miles below Anadarko; literally, "Mexican creek," because a number of Mexicans with Indian wives now live there. It probably had an older name.

kotä´dal--(or _kotä´l_); wheel; figuratively, a wagon.

kotä´dalhop--freighters; from _kotä´dal_ and _hop_.

Kotä´dalhop-gi´atäda´e--"where they surrounded the freighters," from _kotä´dalhop_ and _gyätä´dă_; the battlefield of September 8, 1874, on the north side of the Washita, near Fort Elliott, in the Texas panhandle.

KOTS-A-TO-AH--"Kots-a-to-ah, The smoked shield," the name of a gigantic Kiowa warrior and runner, as given by Catlin, who painted his picture in 1834. The name or translation can not be identified in Kiowa. It appears to be a Comanche form containing the word _ko´tso_, buffalo. Horace P. Jones, interpreter at Fort Sill, is called by the Comanches _Ko´tso-natu´ă_, "Buffalo-calf."

Kotse´nto--see _Ä´bäho´ko_.

K`u´ato---a Kiowa division, speaking a peculiar dialect, exterminated by the Dakota about 1770 (see pages 157 and 229). The word signifies "pulling out" or "pulling up," as a knife from a pocket, a nail from a board, etc, from _gyäku´atda_.

k`udal--to stay or dwell; to be in a place.

_kŭ´tiharu_ (Pawnee)--a season (of the year).

Kwa´na--see _Gu´a´na_.

Kwu´`da--"coming out," "going out;" an old name for the Kiowa tribe (see Kiowa synonymy).

kyähi´ñ(-aga)--tomorrow, abbreviated _kyähi´ñ_; _kyähi´n ki´äsa´_, shortly before noon.

kyai´`guan--deer; literally, "jumper," from _dekya´i`gu´anmo_, I jump; other names are _t'äp_ and _tañ´gia_, q. v.

kyäka´n--after; literally, "at the end," from _aka´n_, q. v.; applied also to the final part of a song, etc; _Tä´dalkop Kyäka´n K`a´do´_, "sun dance _after_ the smallpox;" nyä´kyäka´n, it is gone, i. e., it can not be helped.

kyä´`to´--old man, plural _kyä´`tadă´_. Since the recent death of a boy named Kyä´`to´ this word is not used, and they say instead _e´dalk`i´a_, plural _e´dalkyai´_; literally, "great man," from _edal_ and _k`ia_. Cf. _gyät'o´_ and _gyädo´_.

Kyä`tse´hä--"Short-old-man," from _kyä´`to´_, _tse´_, and _hä_ (?). (See the following.)

Kyä`tse´hä-de p'a--"Short-old-man's creek;" the extreme head of Cache (Bluff) creek, near Eagle-heart's place, on the reservation; so called from a man named Kyä`tse´hä, who formerly lived there.

kyu´ñi--shield; _kiñ_ in plural and in composition. Cf. _gyuñi_.

_lĕ´tskukĭ_ (Pawnee)--autumn.

_li´ŭt_ (Pawnee)--summer.

-mä--a feminine suffix, from _mä´ñyi´_; as _Semätmä_, "Apache woman," _tseñ´mä_, a mare.

_Mä´-ai´-tai-ĭ´stsĭ-hĭ´n[)ä]´_ (Cheyenne)--see _A´`päta´te_.

MAH-VIP-PAH (Apache)--see _Babi´`pa_.

MAIZ--"Myers," Agent W. D. Myers, 1888-89.

mak`o´n--nose; in composition, _ma_.

Mamä´nte--"walking-above," otherwise known as _Dahä´te_, "medicine-man," from _dahä_ and _te_; a Kiowa warrior in 1875, who died a prisoner in Florida. Cf. _Set´män´te_.

mândă´--arm; they sometimes say _tso´dal_, literally "wing;" _mânga´ i_, lower arm; _mâ´nte´m_, "arm bone," elbow.

mâ´ngo´m--index finger, literally "pointing flnger;" _mân_, root of finger, hand, arm.

Mân´gomhe´ñte--"No-index-finger;" the Kiowa name of General R. S. Mackenzie, commanding at Fort Sill in 1874; so called from his having lost his right (?) index finger. The same name was also applied to Thomas Gaboon, a peace commissioner among the Kiowa in 1873. Battey spells the word _Mone-kome-haint_. Mackenzie was sometimes also called _Kĭ´nzi_, a corruption of his proper name, and the same name is now given to a Mexican captive crippled in the same way.

Mânheñ'k`ia--see _Tso´dalhe´ñte_.

mânka--sleeve; from _mândă´_.

Mâ´nka-gu´ădal--"Red-sleeve," the Kiowa name of a Comanche chief killed in Kansas in 1847. His Comanche name is said to have been _Ĭ´kämo´să_.

Mâ´nka-gu´ădal-de p'a--Pawnee fork (see _Ai´koñ p'a_).

Mâ´nka-gu´ădal-de P'a´gya Yä´`pähe gi´adal-de´e´--"where the soldiers live on Red Sleeve's river;" Fort Larned, Kansas (see also _Aikoñ P'a Sole´go_).

Ma´ñkope´dal--"Flat-nose," from _mak`o´n_ and _kopedal_; a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875.

MANRHOET or MANRHOUT--Kiowa? A tribe mentioned by La Salle in 1682 in connection with the Kiowa Apache (see pages 157 and 248).

ma´ñsă´--crow; the old name is _gaa´_. Cf. _mă´să´_.

Mañ´taha´k`ia--"Hook-nose-man, High-nose-man, i. e., Roman-nose," from _mak`o´n_, _taha´_, and _k`ia_. (1) The Kiowa name of William Bent, the noted trader and proprietor of Bent's Fort. (2) Another name for William Madison, _Se´npo-ze´dalbe_, q. v.

mä´ñyi´--woman; in composition as a suffix, _mä_.

Mä´ñyi´-te´n--"Woman-heart;" a noted Kiowa chief about 1865--1875. On the treaty of 1867 his name appears as "_Ma-ye-tin_."

Ma´p´o´dal--"Split-nose," from _mak`o´n_ and _p'o´dal_; the Kiowa name of a cattleman living in 1883 on the Washita above Rainy-mountain creek.

mă´să´--six. Cf. _ma´ñsă´_ (crow) and _pä´go_.

Măsa´te--"Six;" a Kiowa young man in 1881, so called for having six toes on each foot. His brother, _Bo´he´_, q. v., is said to have six fingers on each hand.

Ma´se´p--Caddo; literally, "pierced nose," from _mak`o´n_ and _sep_. SIGN: Index finger pushed across below the nose, to indicate the former custom of boring the nose for pendants.

Masko´ki--Creek (Indians); an adoption of the name used by themselves.

Mäsu´ără--Missouri; described by the Kiowa as friends of the Pawnee, but enemies of most other tribes.

mä´ta´n--girl; plural, _mäta´nta_.

_Mä´wi_ (Comanche)--a Comanche chief in 1857.

<sc>Ma-ye-tin--see _Mä´ñyi´te-´n_.

mayi´agyă´--cramp, cholera. Used alone the word denotes a sudden cramp, not necessarily a regular sickness or disease, but with the addition of the word for _sickness_ it denotes the cholera, as _mayi´agyă´ hodlo´mkya_, "he is sick with cramp," or "he has the cramp sickness," i. e., he has cholera. I am sick, _äho´dalda_; I have cramp, _ä´mayi´agyă_.

MONE-KOME-HAINT--see _Mâ´ngomhe´ñte_.

Mo´tsätse´--"Muchacho" (Spanish, _boy_); a Kiowa boy frozen to death in the winter of 1890-91; also the name of a Kiowa man still living. Both derive their Spanish names from the fact of being of Mexican captive origin.

_Mûtsi´ănă-täni´u_ (Cheyenne)--the Cheyenne name for the Kiowa Apache (see _Tagu´i_ and Kiowa Apache synonymy.

_Nadi´i´sha-de´na_ (Apache)--see _Se´mät_ and Kiowa Apache synonymy.

_Nah-tan_ (Apache)--"Nah-tan, or Brave Man," an Apache signer of the treaty of 1867, as the name appears on the treaty.

_Nakü´`tärä hono_ (Comanche)--Nueces river, Texas (see _Donä´i p'a_).

_Na`la´ni_ (Navaho)--"many aliens or enemies;" the Navaho name for the Kiowa and allied tribes (see synonymy).

_Ni´chihenĕ´na_ (Arapaho)--see Kiowa synonymy.

_Noko´ni_ (Comanche)--a division of the Comanche.

nyägyai´to--I hate him.

o´ba-ikă´---you endure, you remain forever, you are always there. From the song of the Kâ´itse´ñko (see Summer 1871).

odal--to carry, or a thing for carrying, as a box, bag, etc; _odal gyädäbo_, I carry a box or bag; _o´dalpä_, to carry a package (_pä_, to tie) of meat (on the saddle or back). Cf. _kao´dal_ and _gyäko´dal_.

O´homo´ñko--see _O´moho´ñko_.

o´hyo--there, then.

O´moho´ñko or Omo´ñko--Omaha; frequently transposed to _O´homo´ñko_, _O´hom´oñ gu´an_, the "Omaha dance."

on--measure, mile; _beo´n_, measure it.

oñ´gua--see _donä´i_.

Oñ´guă p'a--(1) another name for _Donä´i p'a_ (Elk creek), q. v. (2) (North) Concho river(?), Chihuahua; "pecan river," so called from the abundance of pecan trees on it. A trail led from it across to the Pecos.

onhä´te--bear. Cf. _set_.

O´nhono´ñ p'a--Little Washita river, on the reservation. This is the present Comanche name, which has been adopted by the Kiowa. They formerly called it _Pi´ălai´bo-de p'a_, from _Pi´ărai´bo_, "Big-white-man," the Comanche name of interpreter E. L. Clarke, who used to live upon it and from whom the Comanche called the river (_Pi´ărai´bo hono_).

O´nhono´ñko--The Comanche living about Little Washita river. Cf. _O´nhono´ñ p'a_.

O´nhono´ñ-yä´daldä--Kichai hills, on the reservation; "O´nhono´ñko hill." Cf. _O´nhono´ñko_. Sometimes also called _Gañe´tä_, "there are hills." They have no regular name, but the first is more common.

o´päm-yai´po--"initiation rope," from _äo´pä_ (see _äo´päñ_) and _yai´po_; the sash worn about the neck of a member of the _Kâ´itseñ´ko_ (see Summer 1846).

o´päñ--initiation of the _Kâ´itse´ñko_, from _äo´päñ_ (see the preceding).

_ora´rĕkaru_ (Pawnee)--spring (season).

o´täbo--the word refers to (a nose?) "sticking up horizontally." Cf. _K`o´b-o´täbo_.

pa--(1) buffalo bull; (2) a male suffix, as _tañgi´apa´_, buck deer; (3) fur, down, fuzz; plural or collective, _pa´dal_; downy, _pa´gi_, as _pa´gi-älo´_, "downy plum," i. e., peach.

pa´--stupid, easy-going, quiet-tempered.

p'a--(1) moon or month; (2) river, creek, stream; the distinctive word for "creek" is _ase_, but it is seldom used.

Pa p'a--"Buffalo-bull creek;" (1) Buffalo creek, a southern tributary of the Cimarron, in Oklahoma; (2) a timberless stream, described as a small northern tributary(?) of the Cimarron, and apparently Bear creek or Two-butte creek, in southeastern Colorado.

Pa´-ä´ngya--"Sitting-bull," from _pa_ and _ä´ngya_; the Kiowa rendering of the name of _Hänä´chä-thi´ak_, "Sitting-bull," the Arapaho apostle of the Ghost dance, who inaugurated that ceremony among the Kiowa in the fall of 1890.

Pa´-ä´ti--"Bull-entrails;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875.

päbo--(1) An American horse (as distinguished from the smaller Indian or Mexican variety); plural, _päbo´go_; the word literally indicates something unusually tall or long-limbed; Cf. _tseñ_. (2) A soldier's cap brim, a vizor.

Päbo p'a--see _To´ñzo`go´dal p'a_.

Pä´bo-yä´daldä--"American-horse hill;" a hill near the head of _Päbo p'a_, otherwise _To´ñzo`go´dal p'a_, q. v., in northwestern Texas.

Pabo´n--"fur crook," from _pa_ or _pa´gyä_, and _bon_; the crook lance of the _Toñ-ko´ñko_ leaders; so called because wrapped with beaver fur.

Päbo´te--"American-horse;" a Kiowa chief about 1880, so called on account of his uncommon size (see _päbo_).

Pa-con-ta--"Pa-con-ta, My Young Brother;" the name of a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as it appears on the treaty. "Brother" is _päbi´_.

pä´da-i--twin. Cf. _pä´tsoga_.

Pä´da-i--"Twin;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875; still living.

Pa´-do`gâ´-i--see _Doha´sän_ (1).

PA´DOUCA--see _Gyai´ko_.

P'a E´dal--"great river;" (1) Rio Grande; (2) a great river beyond _K`o´b-e´tă´_ (the southern Rocky mountains), probably the Colorado of the west.

P'a E´dal Sän--"little _P'a E´dal_;" Pecos river, New Mexico.

P'a-Edal-T'a`ka´-i--"Rio Grande Mexicans;" the Mexicans along the Rio Grande, from about Laredo upward.

P'a-edal-T'a`ka´-igya--"Great river white-man's place," from _P'a Edal_, _t'a`ka´-i_, and _gyă_; Fort McIntosh, on the lower Rio Grande, Texas; the Kiowa seldom went below or east of this point.

Pa´-ehe´mgo´`te--"Lame-bull;" special agent W. H. Abell, so called on account of his lameness and his rough manner.

pä´go or pä´nyi´--one, solitary, alone. The first ten numerals are: _pä´go_, _yi´a_, _pä´o_, _yi´ä`gyä_, _o´nto_, _mă´să_, _pä´nse´_, _yä´`se_, _ga´`se_, _ga´kiñ_.

Pa´-gu´ak`o--"Yellow-bull;" a Kiowa warrior mentioned in 1864 as having been a delegate to Washington (see page 177).

pä´gun--to give by throwing away, as a sacrifice of scalps, etc.

Pa´-guñhe´nte--"Hornless-bull," from _pa_, _guñ_, _keñ_, and _te_. (1) A Kiowa warrior in 1846. (2) Another, killed by the Ute in 1868.

pa´gya--another form of _pa_, fur, q.v.

Pä´gya--see _Päsä´ngyä_.

pägyä--prairie, especially an extensive one, such as the Staked plain; another form is _pä´yă_.

pähä´dal--forks of a stream; _pähä´dalgyă_, at the forks.

pai--(1) Sun. (2) Abbreviated form of _pai´gya_, _pai´da_.

Pai A`gân´ti--"Summer _Ä`gâ´nti_; a Kiowa moon or month, comprising parts of April and May.

Pai Gañhi´ña P'a--"Summer _Gañhiñ´a P'a_;" a Kiowa moon or month, comprising parts of June and July.

Pai Te´pgañ P'a--"Summer _Te´pgañ P'a_;" a Kiowa moon or month, comprising parts of May and June.

pai´-ba´da--sunrise, from _pai_ and _badai´_; _pai´-ba´te de pe´bä_, "in the direction of the sunrise," i.e., east.

pai´da--see _pai´gya_.

pai´gya--summer; abbreviated _pai_; a plural form, _pai´da_, is also sometimes used.

Pai´-k`op Toñ´tep--"sun-mountain spring;" a noted spring and Indian rendezvous upon a mountain or mesa, about the southern border of the Staked plain. Cf. the following (see Summer 1857).

Pai toñ--"sun spring;" a well spring in the Staked plain, Texas, a journey of about a day and a half southwest from Double mountain, and flowing eastward. So called because the basin is a round hole in the rock. Cf. the preceding.

paiñ--dust, earth, dusty; it is dusty, _gyä-pai´ñyum_.

Pai´ñ-do´ p'a--"earth-house river;" a stream southwest from Double mountain, Texas; so called from an adobe house upon it. Cf. _Tso´paiñ Do´_.

Pa´-iñgya--"In-the-middle," from _kopa´-iñgya_; a Kiowa prophet in 1888.

pai'ñyoñhä´--dusty. Cf. _paiñ_.

Pai´-tälyi´--"Sun-boy." (1) A Kiowa chief who died in 1888; the name is sometimes rendered "Son of the Sun," or "Sun's Son," and may refer to (2) the Sun-boy hero, from whom is derived the _´dalbea´hya_, q. v.

pa´ki--thigh.

Pa´k`iägo--Sarsi; literally, "stupid people," from _pa´_ and _ki´ägo_; other possible etymologies are "thigh people," from _paki_; or from _Päki_ or _Päki´ăni_, the Shoshoni name for the Blackfeet, which in turn may be derived from _Pikŭ´nĭ_, the proper name of the Piegan, one of the Blackfoot divisions. The Sarsi are a small tribe of Athapascan stock, which separated about a hundred years ago from the parent tribe, the Beaver, on Peace river, British America, and moved southward, establishing themselves on the headwaters of the North Saskatchewan, near Battleford, about 53° north, under the protection of the Blackfeet. They are the northernmost tribe known to the Kiowa, who remember them as allied to the Blackfeet and as speaking an Apache dialect. Several prominent Kiowa are of Sarsi descent by former intermarriage. SIGN: Touching the thigh in a sweeping pass with the open right hand.

Paki´-gu´ădalkantă´--Brulé Sioux; "red-burnt thighs," from _paki_, _gu´ădal_, and _tsenka´n_. SIGN: Same as for _Pa´k`iägo_, followed by sign for Sioux (_K o´dalpäk`i´ägo_).

Pa´-ko´ñkya--"Black-bull," a Kiowa warrior in 1873.

_Palä´ni_--see _K at'a_.

Päli--"Valdez" (?), a Mexican captive and Florida prisoner in 1875; still living.

pä´ñgun or pä´ñgyä--a sacrificial offering, or offering "thrown away" upon a hill to the sun; from _päñ_, the root of the verb "to give," and _gun_, the root of the verb "to throw away." I am sacrificing, _gyäpä´amda´_; I have sacrificed, _gyäpä´oñ_ or _gyäpä´gun; gyäda´tsaiâ´mo_, I make or prepare a ceremonial other than sacrifice, as _K'a´do´_ or _Dä´-mä´tan-da´-i_.

Päñ´gyägi´ate--"Sacrifice-man," from _päñgyä_ and _te_; a Kiowa warrior killed in Mexico in 1853-54.

Pao´ngya--autumn; the name refers to the thickening of the fur (_pa_) of the buffalo; also called _Ai´deñ-gyägu´ădal-o´mgyä-i_, time "when the leaves are red," from _ai´deñ_. and _gu´ădal_.

_Päre´iyä_ (Comanche)--see _To´npe´to_.

_Pä´riăse´amăn_ (Comanche)--"Ten-elks;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, upon which the name appears as "Parry-wah-say-men or Ten Bears."

_Parry-wah-say-men_ (Comanche)--see _Pä´riăse´amăn_.

Päsä´ngyä--The Staked plain, of Texas and New Mexico; literally, "prairie edge," or "prairie bluff," from _pä´gyä_, and _sä´ngya_. The name properly refers only to the bluff edge or escarpment of the Staked plain, which itself is commonly referred to simply as _Pägyä_ or _Päya_. "The prairie."

pa´sot--thunder. According to the belief of the Kiowa and the plains tribes generally, thunder is produced by a large bird resembling the eagle.

Pa´sot-kyä`to´--General W. S. Hancock, present at the treaty of 1867; literally, "Old-man-of-the-thunder," from _pa´sot_ and _kyä`to´_; so called on account of the eagles upon his shoulder straps, emblematic of his rank, which were thought by the Indians to symbolize the thunder bird. The Kiowa say that he was called by the whites _Ga´nu´än_ (General?).

Pä´sûñko or Pä´suñ-T'a`ka´-i--Mexicans about El Paso on the Rio Grande; from the Spanish _Paseños_.

pät, pätdo´--having low spreading branches; from _pät_, an archaic word for low spreading branches, and _-do_ or _-dă´_, a suffix implying having, it has, or there is, from _gyädo´_.

Pa´-ta´dal--"Lean-bull;" (1) see _Koñ´a-biñ´ate_. (2) A Kiowa war chief in 1874-75, still living. He is commonly known to the whites as "Poor-buffalo," and in the last outbreak gained the name of _Ta´-tätheñ´te_, "Never-unsaddled" (from _ta´gyä, tät?_, _heñ_, and _te_), from his practice of keeping his horse saddled at night, to be always ready for surprise.

Pa´te´pte--see _Da´tekâñ_.

Pa´to´--see _T'ene´`taide_.

Pa´-to´n--"Bull-tail;" a Kiowa warrior killed by the Mexicans in 1834-35.

pätsä´t--end, top; as _ä´-pätsä´t_, _k`o´p-pätsä´t_, _â´dal-pätsä´t_, _p'a-pätsä´t_.

pä´tsoga--similar, looking alike. Cf. _pä´da-i_.

Pätso`ga´te--"Looking-alike;" a daughter of Stumbling-bear noted for her beauty. She died in 1882.

Pä´ya--see _pä´gyă_ and _Päsä´ngyä_.

pe--sand.

Pe p'a--"sand river;" Smoky-hill river, Kansas.

Pe p'a edal--"great sand river;" Red river (of Texas and Indian Territory), so called both above and below the North fork.

Pe toñ--"sand spring;" a water hole on the Staked plain, in Texas or New Mexico.

p'e´`gyä--they fell; _p'e´`gya_, it is falling (as rain, snow, or shower of meteors); _t'o´dal p'e´daldä´to_, it is snowing.

peñ--turkey; plural _peñ´ko_; _peñ sän_, quail, i. e., "little turkey."

Peñ p'a--"turkey creek." (1) A small southwestern branch of Elk creek (of North fork), in H county, Oklahoma; (2) a southern tributary of North fork of Red river, in Greer county, Oklahoma, beyond Mount Walsh.

penä--sugar, candy; it is the same in the Comanche language, from which the Kiowa may have adopted it.

Penä p'a--"sugar creek;" sugar creek on Wichita reservation; sometimes also called _Do`gu´at p'a_, "Wichita creek."

_Pe´nätĕ´ka_ (Comanche)--see _Ä´-gyai`ko_.

pep--bush, tree; see also _ä; gyäpe´`boñ_, it is bushy or thickety.

Peyi--"Sand-child," from _pe_ and _i_; a young Kiowa man who committed suicide in 1886-87.

piă--fire. Cf. _piä_.

piä--eating; food, _pi´äñgya_; I eat, _gyä`pa´to_. Cf. _piă_, _gyäpa´ta_, and _gyäpä´to_.

Piä-ki´adă--Christmas; literally, "eating day."

Pi´alai´bo--see _Pi´ărai´bo_.

Pi´alai´bo-de p'a--see _O´nhon´oñ p'a_.

_Pi´änä´vonĭt_ (Comanche)--"Big-looking-glass;" a Comanche chief and delegate to Washington in 1892.

_Pi´arai´bo_ (Comanche)--"Big-whiteman," from, _piäp_, big, and _taivo_, a white man; the Comanche name of interpreter E. L. Clarke, corrupted by the Kiowa to _Pi´alai´bo_.

pi'ăta´ñga--see _guñse´to_.

pi´ăya--summit, top.

Pi´ăya-do´-tse´dalte--see _K`o´p-tai´-do´-tse´-dalte_.

_pi´cikŭt_ (Pawnee)--winter.

pi´ho´--peninsula, bend in a river or coast.

Pi´ho´--"peninsula;" a bend in the Washita a short distance below Walnut creek and the Wichita line. A favorite place for the Sun dance. See Summers 1839 and 1885.

Pĭ´semâ´i--see _T'a`ka´-i-p'o´dal_.

po--trap; spider web. Cf. _p'o_.

p'o--beaver. Cf. _po_.

P'o p'a--"beaver river;" (1) North Canadian river and its upper branch, Beaver creek, in Oklahoma; (2) Otter creek, branch of North fork, on the reservation; (3) Beaver creek, east of Fort Sill, on the reservation.

P'o p'a sän--"little beaver creek," Little Beaver creek, east of Fort Sill, on the reservation.

Po´băro--see _Te´guăgo_.

p'odal (plural, _p'o´tă´_)--worm, reptile, insect, snake; used for both creeping and flying insects, including flies, and occasionally for snakes, but not for turtles. For many insects they have no specific name.

P'o´dal-â´dalte--see _Zoñ´tam_.

P'o´dalä´ñte--"Coming-snake," from _p'odal_, _ää_, and _te_; a Kiowa warrior killed in Greer county, Oklahoma, in 1891. Abbreviated _P'olä´ñte_.

P'o´dalk`i´ägo or P'o´dalgyä´ko--see _Gyai`ko_.

p'o´dal(-tă)--spoiled, useless, deformed, split, as _Ma´-p'o´dal_, "split-nose."

po´dodal--a variety of bird.

Po´dodal(-te´)--a Kiowa warrior in 1879-80.

Poho´me--The Kiowa name of John Smith, a noted trader about 1860--1867, and Government interpreter for the Cheyenne, who called him _Po´omûts_, "Gray-blanket," or "Saddle-blanket," whence his Kiowa name.

poho´n-ä--walnut tree; _poho´n-e_, a walnut. A woman with her nose cut off, the former punishment for adultery, is called _poho´nmä_, plural _poho´nma´imo_, from the fancied resemblance of the mutilated nose to a split walnut. A man so disfigured would be called _k`i´ñähyum_.

Poho´n-ä p'a--"walnut creek;" Scout's creek, a tributary of North fork, near Fort Elliott, in the Texas panhandle.

P'oläñ´te--see _P'o´dalä´ñte_.

poläñ´yi--rabbit; plural, _polä´ñyup_; evidently connected with _poli´ăkya_, q. v., a pet name is _tsä´nyi_, plural, _tsä´ñyui_.

Polä´ñyi-kato´n--"Rabbit-shoulder;" a Kiowa calendar keeper, now dead.

Polä´ñyup--"Rabbits;" the lowest order of the Kiowa military organization; sometimes called _Tsä´nyui_, another word for "rabbits."

poli´ăkya--hare lip, split lip; _Zo´n-poli´ăkya_, a vacant place from which a tooth has been lost. Cf. _polä´ñyi_.

Poli´ăkya--"Hare-lip;" alias _Ka´giätse´_, "Thick-blanket," from _kata_ and _etse´_ (?); the chief of the Kiowa at the time of the first alliance with the Comanche.

_Pooh-yah-to-yeh-be_ (Comanche)--see _Pu´iwito´yäbi_.

_Po´omûts_ (Cheyenne)--see _Poho´me_.

Po'-Sĭ´l--See _Tso´`kadahä´gya_.

po´to´ or po´tă´--a prong or branch; _ä´po´to´_, a forked pole, especially of the medicine lodge; a table fork is called _gi´ă-tsoñ´i_, "meat awl."

_Pu´iwito´yäbi_ (Comanche)--"Iron-mountain;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Pooh-yah-to-yeh-be."

Quay-ham-kay--"Quay-ham-kay, The Stone Shell;" the name of a Kiowa warrior painted by Catlin in 1834, as given by the artist. It can not be identified. Cf. _k`o´dali´ätoñ_.

sa'bă--stingy.

Sa´bă--see _Do´ho´n_.

sabiñ´a--quiver; sometimes called _ä´gobi´ĭmkâ´-i_, "feather case." The quiver is made of panther skin, or of Mexican leather, never of deer or antelope skin.

sa´dal--(1) masticated food in the stomach, whence also _intestine_, _belly_ (see also _äti_); (2) having, furnished with, in composition. Cf. _Guñsa´dalte_.

sä´dalgu´ăt--sweat-house, from _sä´daltep_.

sa´dalka´ñi--the manifold or stomach-rind of a buffalo or cow, from _sadal_ and _kañi_.

Sa´dalkañi k`op--"manifold mountain;" the Black hills, South Dakota.

sa´dălso´mte--weasel; literally, "belly rubber, or dragger," from _sadal_ and _somta_.

Sa´dălso´mte-k`i´ägo--see _Semät_.

sä´daltep--sweat (noun).

SAD-DY-YO--see _Sä´riyo_.

sâ´he--blue, green; _sâ´he-ko´ñkya_, dark blue.

sai or saigya--winter, year; plural, _säta_ (see page 366).

SAITKOPETA, PAUL--see _Se´tk`o´pte_.