Part 34

Säki´bo(-go)--Sauks, from their proper name, _Oñsa´ki_ or _Saki_.

Sä´k`odal Gu´ădal Do´ha´--"Cheyenne red bluff;" the Red hills on the North Canadian above Fort Reno, Oklahoma. Cf. _Gu´ădal Do´ha´_.

sa`kon--buffalo chips; _sa´gya_, dung.

Sa´`kon-yä´daldä or Sä-yä´daldä--"buffalo-chip hill;" a hill or mountain near Salt fork or White-river fork of Brazos river in Texas (see _Ahiñă p'a_).

Sa´`kon-yä´daldä p'a--"buffalo chip-hill river;" Duck creek, a branch of Salt fork or White-river fork of Brazos river, Texas; also called _Ahiñ´a p'a_, "cedar creek."

sä-kop--midwinter, from _sai_ and _kopa´-iñgya_.

Sä´kop p'a--see _Ä`gâ´nti_.

Sä´k`ota--Cheyenne; singular, Sä´k`odal, etymology doubtful. Also called _T'a´-sep_, "pierced-ear," or _Ä-gu´at_, "painted feathers," from the fact that for their arrows they always used wild-turkey feathers, which are transversely striped. Their Comanche name, _Pä´ganä´vo_, denotes "striped arrows," and the tribal sign, made by drawing the right index finger across the left, seems to convey the same idea.

Sä´k`ota-ä´oto´n-de p'a--"creek where the Cheyenne were massacred;" a northern tributary of North fork of Red river, the second below Sweetwater creek, in F county, Oklahoma; so called from a massacre there in 1837, q. v.

sä`lä´ti--hot, from _gyäsä´dal_, it is hot.

sän--little; an archaic form, in composition, is _t'an_, q. v.

sä´ne´--snake; _säne´hiñ_, rattlesnake, literally, "principal snake."

Sä´ne´ p'a--"snake creek;" Deep creek, entering Cache creek, south of Fort Sill, on the reservation.

sä´ngya--an overhanging bluff or escarpment. Cf. _Päsängyä_.

Sänko--see _Gyaí´`ko_.

sa´omhäpä--blood came up from him, i. e., he had a hemorrhage; _om_, a drop of blood; _oñkya_, blood.

SA-PA-GA--see _Se´tpä´go_.

sa´pän--ashes.

sa´podal--a mythic cannibal monster; hence also, from its human expression, an owl, properly _mahi´ñ_.

Sa´podal-â´daltoñ p'a--"owl-head creek," a western branch of _Ä´dan p'a_, q. v.; so called from the figures of two owls cut upon a tree where the trail crosses.

_Sä´riyo_ (Comanche)--"Dog-fat;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where his name appears as "Saddy-yo," the Comanche _r_ sometimes approximating _d_.

säta--plural of _sai_, _sai´gya_, q. v.

SA-TA-MORE--see _Se´t-emâ´i_.

SATANA--see _Set-t'a´iñte_.

SATANK--see _Set-ä´ngya_.

SA-TAN-TA--see _Set-t'a´iñte_.

SATEKOPETA, PAUL--see _Set-k`o´pte_.

SA-TIM-GEAR--see _Se't-ĭmki´a_.

sa´top--pipe.

Sa´wăno--Shawano, Shawnee.

SEE-TI-TOH--see _Set-t'ai´ñte_.

se´hän--horned toad.

sek`a´n--dogwood (_Cornus asperifolia_), used by the southern plains tribes for arrows, but not for bows.

Sek`a´n p'a--"dogwood creek;" a small southern tributary of South Canadian river in the panhandle of Texas, a short distance below Adobe Walls; perhaps Chicken creek.

Se´mät--Kiowa Apache; literally, "Thieves" (singular, dual, and plural alike). Cf. _Ä´semtse_. They have been so called for the last twelve years on account of having stolen and killed the cattle and hogs of the Kiowa. Formerly called _Tagu´i_, the generic Kiowa name for the tribes of Apache stock; also _Sa´dălso´mte-k`i´ägo_, "weasel people" (see Kiowa Apache synonymy).

Semät p'a--"Apache creek;" an upper branch of Cache creek, joining with _E´gu´a p'a_ (Chandler creek), on the reservation; so called because the Kiowa Apache reside chiefly upon it.

Se´mätmä--"Apache-woman;" a Kiowa woman in the Osage massacre of 1833. Her proper name was probably _Tagu´imä_, as the Apache were then called _Tagu´i_.

sen--nostril.

señ--prickly.

Señ p'a--"cactus river;" Salado river, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. The name refers to the tall upright cactus (_Cereus giganteus_), not to the prickly pear (_Opuntia_). The Kiowa say there are salt beds on its lower course.

señ-ä--willow.

Señ´-ä p'a--(1) "willow creek;" a northern tributary of the Washita, about four miles below Sugar creek, Wichita reservation. (2) Sabinas river, a tributary of Salado river, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. (3) A northern tributary of Beaver creek, a short distance above the junction of the Palo Duro, Oklahoma.

señ´-älo´--the prickly pear (_Opuntia tortispina?_), literally "prickly plum," from _señ_ and _älo´_. Eaten raw by the Indians.

Se´ñ-älo´k`op--"prickly-pear mountain," a low rocky hill near Stumbling-bear's camp on the road to Fort Sill; so called from the abundance of prickly pears upon it.

Se´ñ-älo´ p'a--"prickly-pear creek;" a creek near Bent's fort in Colorado, perhaps Caddo or Rate creek (see Summer 1856).

se´ñi--cactus, especially the peyote (_Lophophora_), eaten with religious ceremonial; literally, "prickly fruit," from _señ_ and _i_; in composition, _señ_.

se´npa´ga--mustache; cf. _se´npo_.

se´npo--mustache, beard; plural _se´npa´ga_, from _sen_, nostril, and _paga_, down, fur, fuzz; _pa´`da_, a single hair of fur or fuzz, pubis, beard, etc; _a´da´_, a single hair of head, eyelash, of horse, cow, etc. Cf. _Be´dalpa´go_.

se´np'odal-e´ (or _se´np'ole´_)--a water bulb, apparently the water lily, growing in Swan lake and other ponds on the Wichita reservation; eaten by the Indians.

Se´np'odal-e´ p'a--"water-lilycreek" (?). Pond creek, a northern tributary of the Washita, on the Wichita reservation.

Se´np'odal-e´ setso´--"water-lily pond" (?). Swan lake, on the Wichita reservation.

Se´npo-gu´ădal--"Red-beard;" J. M. Haworth, Kiowa agent, 1873--1878; Battey writes it _Simpoquodle_.

Se´npo-ze´dălbe--"Terrible-beard." (1) William Madison or Matthewson, a former trader among the Kiowa. About the year 1865 he had a trading house at the Santa Fé crossing of Cow creek in Kansas, from which he moved when the Kiowa were put upon the reservation in 1869, and established a house on the west side of Cache creek, 2-1/2 miles below Fort Sill, on the reservation, where he remained until about 1876. His place on Cache creek was about on the site formerly occupied by _Tome´te_, q. v. It is said he was sometimes known as _Ma´ñtaka´k`ia_, q. v. (2) Timothy Peet, trading clerk at Anadarko; the name was transferred to him from Madison.

SEN-SON-DA-CAT--"Sen-son-da-cat", the White Bird; a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as the name appears on the treaty. It can not be identified; "White-bird" would be _T'ene´-t'ai´ñte_.

sep--(1) rain; _sepdo_, it is raining. (2) The root of the verb "to pierce" or "to sew."

Se´pyä´daldä--"rainy mountain," from _sep_ and _yä´daldä_; Rainy mountain, on the reservation, about 30 miles west of Anadarko.

Se´pyä´daldä p'a--"rainy-mountain creek;" the western branch, of Rainy-mountain creek, a southern tributary of Washita river near Rainy mountain. The eastern branch is called _Tsodo´m p'a_, q. v., and the main stream below the junction is called _Tsen p'a_.

Se´se--arrowhead; when made of stone, it is sometimes distinguished as _k`a´-ikon sese_.

Se´se p'a--"arrowhead river;" Arkansas river, the most prominent river in Kiowa narrative. According to Clark it is known as Flint (i. e., flint arrowhead) river among the plains tribes generally.

Se´se p'a hoan--"Arkansas river road;" the Santa Fé trail.

set--bear; an archaic word used now only in composition, especially in proper names. The ordinary word is _onhä´te_.

se´tä--the small intestine of the buffalo or cow.

Setä--"Cow-intestines;" a school boy frozen to death in the winter of 1890-91, probably the "Sailor" of Scott's report on the subject.

Se t-ä´gyai´--"Bear-on-tree," from _set_ and _ä_; a Kiowa warrior killed by the Pawnee in 1851.

Se´t-ä´ngya--"Sitting-bear." (1) A noted Kiowa war chief, commonly known as Satank, killed at Fort Sill in 1871. (2) A son of the above, killed in Texas about a year before.

Se´t-daya´-ite--"Many-bears," from _set_, _da_, _a-i_, and _te_. (1) A Kiowa warrior, known to the whites as Heap-of-Bears, killed by the Ute in 1868. (2) A keeper of the _taíme_, 1876--1883.

Se´t-emâ´-i--"Bear-lying-down" (habitually); cf. _k`a_ (2). A Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1867, where his name appears as Sa-ta-more.

Set-ĭmki´a--"Pushing-bear," from _set_ and _deki´a_; a noted Kiowa war chief, still living, one of the signers of the treaty of 1867, where his name appears as "Sa-tim-gear, or Stumbling Bear." His name is commonly abbreviated to _Ĭmki´a_, while to the whites he is known as Stumbling-bear, a mistranslation of his proper name, which indicates a bear that overthrows or pushes over everything in his way.

Se´t-k`o´dalte--see _Ä´taha´-ik`i_.

Se´t-k`o´pte (Paul)--"Mountain-bear;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875; as a boy he was called "Buffalo-horns." At the close of his imprisonment he was adopted into a white family under the name of Paul Saitkopeta Carruthers. He returned to his tribe in 1882 and is still living.

Se´t-mä´nte--"Bear-above" (Sky-bear). The Kiowa name of a Kiowa Apache signer of the treaty of 1837, in which it appears as "Cet-ma-ni-ta, the Walking Bear." A Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875. Cf. _Mamä´nte_.

Se´t-pä´go--"Lone-bear;" a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1867, in which the name appears as "Sit-par-ga, or Sa-pa-ga, One Bear."

Set-pa´te--"He-bear;" a Kiowa warrior about 1854 (see Winter 1854-55).

setse´yu--hog; literally, "domestic bear," from _set_ and _tseyu_.

Setse´yu p'a--"hog creek;" Hog creek, a southern tributary of the Washita, about eight miles above Anadarko, on the reservation. So called on account of the former presence there of wild hogs which had escaped from the Caddo north of the river.

setso´--lake, pond.

Setso´--"lake;" Swan lake, Wichita reservation. Being the only lake in the region, it is simply called "the lake."

Setso´ edal--"big lake;" a large lake in Coahuila or Chihuahua, Mexico, described as having an island upon which was a Mexican fort.

Se´t ta´dal--"Lean-bear." (1) A Kiowa (?) warrior in 1864-65. (2) A Kiowa Apache chief and signer of the treaty of 1867, being then the head chief of the tribe. His proper Apache name was _Gu´ăñteka´na_, of which Se´t-ta´dal is the Kiowa rendering. It appears on the treaty as "Kon-zhon-ta-co, Poor Bear." He was the father of White-man, present head chief of the Apache.

Se´t-t'a´iñte--"White-bear;" a noted Kiowa chief and signer of the treaty of 1867, who committed suicide in prison in 1878. He was commonly known as Satanta; other forms are Satana and See-ti-toh. In boyhood he was called _Gu´atoñ-biăn_, "Big-ribs," and since the death, in 1894, of his son, who inherited the father's name, this last name only is used in referring to him.

Set-t'ai´ñte-T'a`ka´-imai´mo-e´`paga´ni-de p'a--"river where Set-t'ai´ñte brought the white women;" Satanta creek, alias North or Kiowa creek, a northern tributary of Cimarron river in Comanche county, Kansas; so called because Set-t'ai´ñte brought there some white women and children captured in Texas about thirty years ago. Doha´sän died at its junction with the Cimarron.

Se´t-t'an--"Little-bear;" a Kiowa warrior and author of the principal calendar here published.

_Shĭ´shinu´wut-tsĭ´täni´u_ (Cheyenne)--the Comanche (see Kiowa synonymy).

_Si´ăchĭ´nika_ (Comanche)--"Standing-head-feather;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Cear-chi-neka."

SIMPOQUODLE--see _Se´npo-gu´ădal_.

Sindi--a mythic trickster and wonder-worker of the Kiowa.

Si´ndiyu´i--see _Koñtä´lyui_.

SIT-PAR-GA--see _Se´tpä´go_.

so´le--see _Yä´`pahe´_.

So´le p'a--"soldier creek;" Cache creek, near Fort Sill, on the reservation. Sometimes called _Tso´`kada´hä So´le p'a_, "Medicine-bluff Soldier creek."

somta--rubbing; _gyäso´nmo_, I whet; _deso´nmo_, I rub myself; _dega´mo_, I anoint.

son--grass.

So´ndo´ta--Shoshoni; literally, "grass houses," from _son_ and _do´_, said to refer to a former custom of weaving tipis or wikiups of rushes; also called _So´soni_. TRIBAL SIGN: Index finger thrust forward with a serpentine movement, followed by sign for "man;" commonly interpreted "Snake people," but perhaps originally designed to indicate the manner of weaving the rushes. Cf. _Gyai´`ko_.

So´npata--see _A´se´gya_.

Son-t'aiñ p'a--"white grass creek;" a branch of White river of Brazos river, Texas.

So´soni--see _So´ndo´ta_.

Soto--Auguste Chouteau, the first trader regularly established in the Kiowa country, about 1835.

t'a--(1) Ear; singular, _t'a_; dual, _t'ati_; plural, _t'agă_. (2) Antelope; plural, _t'a´sedăl_. _T'äp_, the generic word for deer, antelope, etc, is sometimes used specifically for antelope. Cf. _kyai´`guan_ and _tañ´gia_.

tä--eye; dual, _täti_; plural, _tägă_.

t'[)ä]--first light (?) Cf. _ki´ătä_.

ta´-ä--the elm (_Ulmus americana_); literally, "saddle wood," from _ta´gyä_ and _ä_, because used by the Indians to make saddle trees; also called _ga´dal-ä_, "buffalo wood," because the buffalo liked to stand under its shade.

_Tä´binä´năkă_, (Comanche)--"Hears- (or understands-) the-sun;" a noted Comanche chief, who died in 1892. By the Kiowa he was called _Pai´-ta´ya_, an exact rendering of his Comanche name.

T'a´-bo´dal--"Spoiled-ear;" the Kiowa call by this name an earless Navaho killed by them in the winter of 1867-68. _Bodal_ seems to refer to "cut off," distinct from _p'odalta_. Cf. _ka´bodal_.

ta´dal--lean (adjective).

tä´dăldă--hole.

Ta´dalk`i´a--"Lean-man;" agent P. B. Hunt, 1878--1885.

tä´dalkop--smallpox; literally, "hole sickness," from _tä´dăldă_ and _kop_.

Tä´dalkop p'a--"smallpox creek;" Mule creek, a tributary of Medicine-lodge creek, Oklahoma; so called because the Kiowa held there the first sun dance after the smallpox epidemic of 1861-62.

_Tâ´guga´la_ (Jemez pueblo)--see _Tagu´i_.

Tagu´i--Apache, etc; the generic Kiowa name for all tribes of Athapascan or Apache stock. In consequence of the death of a person of that name, it was superseded for a time by _K`a-pä´top_, "Knife-whetters," but the original name is now restored. The etymology is uncertain, but the word is evidently connected with _Tâ´guga´la_ and _Ta´gukere´sh_, and perhaps with _Tashĭn, Ga´ta`ka_ and _Tha´`ka-hinĕ´na_. Cf. _T'a`ka´-i_. The Kiowa include under this generic term the _Ä´-tagu´i_ (Lipan), _K`op-tagu´i_ (Jicarilla), _Ĕ´sikwita_ (Mescalero), _Do´-ko´nsenä´go_ (Chiricahua), _Ze´bä-gi´ăni_ (----), and _Se´mät_ (Kiowa Apache). TRIBAL SIGN: Right index finger rubbed briskly up and down along left index finger, as though whetting a knife. For other specific and generic names applied to the Apache, see Kiowa Apache synonymy.

_Ta´gukere´sh_ (Pecos pueblo)--see _Tagu´i_.

T'a´gu´ñ-yä´daldä.--"antelope antlers hill," from _t'a, guñ_, and _yä´daldä_; Antelope hills, on south side of South Canadian river, near the western Oklahoma line, in E county.

T'a´guño´tal p'a--"moon when the antelope antlers drop off," from _t'a, guñ, otal_, and _p'a_; a Kiowa moon or month, including portions of August and September.

T'a´guñ´otal P'a Sän--"Little _T'a´guño´tal P'a_;" a Kiowa moon or month, including portions of July and August.

ta´gya--saddle; in composition _ta_, as _ta´-ä_, "saddle wood," _Ta´ k`o´p_, "Saddle mountain."

Tägyä´ko--Northern Arapaho (Wyoming), "Wild-sage people," "Sagebrush people," from _tä´gyĭ_ and _ko_ or _k`iägo_. Cf. _Ä´hyäto_ and _Bo´tk`i´ägo_.

tä´gyĭ--wild sage, sagebrush (_Artemisia ludoviciana_).

taha´--erect, high, curved.

_Ta´ha_ (Apache)--an Apache chief and delegate to Washington in 1870, still living.

ta´ho--refers to "leading confederates." Cf. _Gu´a´na-de-`ta´ho_.

-tai´de--chief, in composition, as _T'ene´-tai´de_, "Bird-chief;" it comes from a root signifying above, top, on top of; _gyätai´de_, he is above, i. e., he is chief.

tai´me--the great Sun-dance medicine of the Kiowa (see page 240). The etymology is doubtful, but the same word signifies also "mosquito" and "silent." _Ĭmtai´me_, you are silent; _tai´me`gŭ´_, talkative, sociable.

tai´me-bi´ĭmkâ´i--"tai´me box;" the peculiarly shaped and decorated rawhide box in which the _tai´me_ image is preserved.

Tai´mete´--"Taime-man;" a priest and keeper of the _tai´me_ from 1883 until his death in 1894.

t'aiñ--white.

T'aiñ do´ha´--"White bluff." (1) A bluff on upper South Canadian river, near the New Mexico line. (2) (Same?); a bluff at or beyond the head of _Pa p'a_ (_2_), about southeastern Colorado (see Winter 1840-41).

T'aiñ p'a--"White river." (1) An extreme upper northern tributary of South Canadian river, one day's journey below the salt beds (at the New Mexico line), and about halfway to _Gu´adal do´ha´_; perhaps Major Long's creek, Texas panhandle (see Winter 1847-48). (2) Brazos river, Texas, main stream; also White river, alias Catfish creek, near its head.

T'ai´ñte--"White;" special agent E. E. White, 1887-88.

T'aiñ-yädaldä--"white hill;" a hill or hills near the head of White river of the Brazos, Texas. _ Tä´ka Ho´norĭt_ (Comanche)--see _Ä´sese p'a_.

Tä´-ka´gyä p'a--"eye-triumph creek;" a small branch of Apache creek, on the reservation, near where now is Muchacho's house (see Winter 1879-80).

taka´-i--(1) buckskin; (2) a saddle blanket, of buffalo hide. Cf. _T'a`ka´-i_.

Ta`ka´-i--see _Be´dalpa´go_. Cf. _taka´-i_.

Taka´-i-p'o´dal--"Spoiled-saddle-blanket;" a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Fish-e-more, or Stinking saddle;" commonly abbreviated to _Taka´-ite_. The name "Fish-e-more," as given in the treaty, is pronounced _Pĭ´semâ´i_ by the Kiowa, who say that it is a foreign word, old, and with no meaning in Kiowa.

T'a`ka´-i-tai´de--"White-man-chief;" the Kiowa name of Tsa´yadi´tlti or White-man, present head chief of the Apache.

Taka´-ite--see _Taka´-i-p'o´dal_.

TA-KA-TA-COUCHE--"Ta-ka-ta-couche, the Black Bird," a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, as the name appears in the treaty. The correct form may be _T'ene´-koñ´kya_, q. v.

t'a´-ko´ñ--"black-ear;" a variety of horse, light in color, but with black ears, prized by the Kiowa as the best for racing. Sometimes

## particularly specified as _t'a´-ko´ñ tseñ_, "black-eared horse" (see

Summers 1861 and 1867).

T´a´-ko´ñ--"Black-ear;" a noted race horse stolen by the Navaho in 1867 (see the preceding).

Ta´-k`op´--"saddle mountain," from, _ta´gyä_ and _k`op_; Saddle mountain, near the head of Walnut creek, on the reservation.

tä`lä´--folded, bent double, shortened (applied only to feathers).

tä´lyi´--boy; plural, _tälyu´p_, or in some proper names _tälyu´i_.

Tälyi´-da´-i--see _´dalbea´hya_.

Ta´mĭsi--Thomas C. Battey, first teacher among the Kiowa, in 1873; now living in Mosk, Ohio.

t'an--small, little; an archaic word used now only in proper names. The common word is _sän_, q. v.

tän--(1) an edible turnip-like root; (2) a kind of headdress of upright feathers, a crest of feathers; _ätä´ndo_, he has a headdress of upright feathers.

TA-NE-CONGAIS--see _T'ene´-ko´ñkya_.

tañ´gia--deer, a ceremonial word, used only by old people; _tañgi´apa´_, a buck deer; _tañgi´atsä´_, a doe. The common word is _kya´`guan_, literally "jumper," or _t'äp_, q. v.

Tañgi´apa´--"Buck-deer;" a Kiowa warrior killed by the Mexicans in 1850-51.

Tä´n-gu´ădal--"Red-feather-head-dress," (or red _tän_ root?); a noted Kiowa warrior killed in Texas in 1868-69. Cf. _Tä´n-ko´ñkya_.

t'añi--smooth; _t'añ´edă´_, it is smooth.

Tä´n-ko´ñkya--"Black-feathered-headdress;" a noted Kiowa war chief who died in 1865-66. Cf. _Tä´n-gu´ădal_.

t'ä´ñpe-ä´--the skunkberry bush (_Rhus trilobata_); plural _t'äñpe´ko_; _t'ä´ñpe-i´_, skunkberry. The seeds or berries are eaten raw, or beaten up with sugar, and considered a dainty, although very bitter.

T'ä´ñpeä´ p'a--"skunkberry creek;" a southern tributary of the South Canadian, about opposite Lathrop, in the panhandle of Texas. White-deer creek (?).

T'äñpe´ko--"Skunkberry people," alias _Tse´ñ-´â´dalka´-i_, "Crazy Horses;" the "War-club" band of Clark. One of the six Kiowa military orders (see page 229).

T'a´ñ-yä´daldä--"smooth hill," from _t'añi_ and _yädaldä_; a hill or mountain near Fort Clark, southern Texas.

T'a´ñ-yä´daldä p'a--"smooth-hill river;" Las Moras creek (?) of the Rio Grande; described as at Fort Clark (see the preceding).

T'a´ñ-yä´daldä- yä´`pähe´gya--"smooth hill soldier place;" Fort Clark, southern Texas (see the preceding).

t'äp--deer, antelope, etc, especially antelope. Cf. also _t'a_, _kyai´`guan_, _tañgi´a_, _ko`ga´-i_.

_Tă´săwi_ (Comanche)--A Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "To-sa-in, To-she-wi, or Silver Brooch."

T'a´-sep--see _Sä´k`ota_.

_Ta´shĭn_ (Comanche)--see _Tagu´i_ and Kiowa Apache synonymy.

Ta´-täthe´ñte--see _Pa´-ta´dal_.

t'a´-tse´ñ--wild horse; literally, "antelope horse."

_Tä´yăkwo´ip_ (Comanche)--"Sore-backed horse;" a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, where the name appears as "Tir-ha-yah-guahip, or Horse's Back."

t'a´-zo´tă´--an antelope corral or driveway (see page 309). Cf. _zo´tă´_.

T'a´-zo´tă´ p'a--"antelope corral creek;" Bear creek, between Cimarron and Arkansas rivers, near the western line of Kansas.

-te, -ti--a personal suffix, usually masculine, in proper names.

T'e´bodal(-te)--"One-who-carries-a-pack-of-meat-from-the-buffalo's-lower-leg;" the full form would be T'e´bodal-pä´te (cf. _Tso`k`o´dalte_), from _t'epga_, _odal_, and _te_; the oldest man of the Kiowa tribe, now about eighty years of age.

te´dal--white clay; used by the Indians for paint; another form is _te´li_.

Te´dal toñ--"white-clay spring;" a water hole on the Staked plain, so called from the white clay found there. There are two wells on the Staked plain, known as Tierra Blanca or Ojo Blanco, one in Texas, the other in New Mexico.

Te´guă(-go)--Pueblo; the name is a derivative from Tegua or Tewa and includes all the Pueblo Indians; the Comanche form is _Tewa_. They were formerly also called _Be´dalpahe´ñko_, "Beardless people" (cf. _Be´dalpa´go_) and are sometimes designated as _Po´băro_, a Comanche corruption of "Pueblo." SIGN: Hair grasped behind with the right hand, to indicate the Pueblo style of bunching it.

Tehä´neko, Tehä´no--Texans, singular _Tehä´nek`i_, from the Spanish _Tejano_. The Kiowa and associated tribes always regarded the Texans as a distinct people from the _T'o-t'a`ka´-i_, or Americans, of Kansas and the north.

TEH-TOOT-SAH--see _Doha´sän_.

te´li--see _te´dal_.

tem--bone; plural _toñ_.

ten--heart.

Te´n-ät'a´nte--"Little-heart," from _ten_, _t'an_, and _te_; a Kiowa warrior killed by the Pawnee in 1851.

te´ñbe--see _ä´dalto´yi_.

Te´ñbe k`op, or Te´ñbei´a k`op--"Wild-sheep mountain," i. e., "Te´ñbeyu´i mountain," because the Te´ñbeyu´i, q. v., used to dance there at a spring near the river; a mountain on the east side of North fork, just below Elk creek, on the reservation; sometimes incorrectly called _Gabo´dăli k`op_, "Sheep (or goat) mountain."

Te´ñbeyu´i--see _Ä´dalto´yui_.

t'ene´--bird; on account of a death a few years ago the word _gu´ăto_ is now used instead.

T'ene´-ango´pte--"Kicking-bird," usually abbreviated to _Ango´pte_, from _t'ene´_, _gyä´ango´p_, and _te_: (1) A Kiowa warrior about 1843. (2) A noted chief who died in 1875; upon the treaty of 1867 his name appears as Ton-a-en-ko, "Kicking Eagle."

T'ene´-badai´--"Bird-appearing;" a Kiowa warrior noted for his good looks, killed by the Caddo in 1860.

T'ene´-ko´ñkya--"Black-bird;" a Kiowa signer of the treaty of 1837, where the name appears as "Ta-ne-congais, the Sea Gull."

T'ene´pi´abi--"Hummingbird;" a Kiowa warrior and Florida prisoner in 1875, still living. The ordinary word for hummingbird is _mansa-t'ene´_, "thumbbird."

T'ene´-tai´de--"Bird-chief," from _t'ene´_ and _-taide_; a Kiowa warrior, still living; also called _Pa´to´_, a word of unknown meaning.

T'ene´-ze´pte--"Bird-bow" (?) from _t'ene´_, _zepko_, and _te_; a Kiowa warrior shot by Sun-boy in 1872. The name might possibly mean "Bird-teat."

Te´n-pi´äk`ia--"Heart-eater," from _ten_, _piä_, and _k`ia_; a noted Kiowa warrior and medicine-man, rival of Anso´`te and father of Se´t-t'a´n, and accidentally killed in 1853. He took his name from the fact that his "medicine" was to eat a small piece of an enemy's heart every time he killed one. The same thing was done by several other Kiowa warriors under certain circumstances, the only approach to cannibalism in the tribe. A man now living is called _Te´npi´äte_, "Heart-eater," from _ten_, _piä_, and _te_.

tep--the root of a verb signifying "to come out," "to migrate." Cf. _toñtep_, _Te´pdă´_, _Tepgañ p'a_.

Te´pdă´--Kiowa; see Kiowa synonymy.

t'epga--meat from the calf of the leg of the buffalo, etc; in composition, _t'ep_.

Te´pgañ P'a--"Goose-migrating moon," from _gañ_, _tep_, and _p'a_; a Kiowa moon or month, including parts of November and December; also called _Bonpä P'a_, "Sweat-house moon."

Tepk`i´ägo--Kiowa; see Kiowa synonymy.

TEP-PE-NAVON--see _Tĭ´pinävo´n_.

_Tha`ka´-hinĕ´na_ (Arapaho), or Tha`ka´-itä´n--the Kiowa-Apache; see Kiowa Apache synonymy.

TIL-LA-KA--see _Tĭ´l-`lakai´_.

_Tĭ´l-`lakai´_ (Apache)--"White-horn;" an Apache signer of the treaty of 1867, upon which his name appears as "Til-la-ka, White Horn."

_Tĭ´p ho´novĭt_ (Comanche)--see _Tso p'a_ (2).

_Ti´pinävo´n_ (Comanche)--a Comanche signer of the treaty of 1867, upon which the name appears as "Tep-pe-navon, Painted Lips."

TIR-HA-YAH-GUAHIP--see _Tä´yăkwoip_.

t'o--cold, in composition, from _gyät'o´_.

to´de--taken back, or returned, after receiving (as result of a quarrel or remorse).

to´gya--after, past; _gi´ña-to´gya_, after midnight.

t'o´gyä--coat, shirt.

TOHAINT--see _Dohe´ñte_.

TOHASAN--see _Doha´sän_.

TO-HO-SA--see _Doha´sän_.

to´i--a curve.

t'o´idă´--uncommon, accidental, abnormal; as a pinto horse, a six-fingered hand, etc.

t'o´igu´ăt--pinto, variegated in color, especially a horse, from _t'o´idă´_ and _guătgya_.

T'o´-k`i´ñähyup--"Cold Men," i. e., men of the cold or northern country, from _gyät'o´_ and _k`i´ñähi_; one of two former local divisions of the Kiowa, including those who ranged chiefly on Arkansas river and the Kansas frontier. Cf. _Gwa´hale´go_ and _T'o´-t'a`ka´-i_.

Tome´te--the Kiowa name of an early trader who located a trading post about 1837 a short distance south of Fort Sill, on the spot afterward occupied by William Madison (_Se´npo-ze´dalbe_, q. v.). The Kiowa form is a derivative from his proper name (Thomas?).

ton--tail.

toñ--water; also leg in composition, from _to´ñti_.

TON-A-EN-KO--see _T'ene´-ango´pte_.

To´n-ak`a´--"Water-turtle," literally "notched tail;" a noted Kiowa medicine-man in 1884-85. Cf. _k`a´nkiñ_.

To´ñ-bi´ăndä´ta--"boiling water;" Colorado Springs, Colorado.

To´ñ-dahä´--"medicine, i. e., mysterious, water;" a natural rock well, large and deep, near the head of Scout creek, in the Texas panhandle. It is so called probably from a tradition of some water spirit or monster dwelling there. Cf. _To´ñ-dahyä´_.

To´ñ-dahyä´--"medicine water, mysterious water;" a lake somewhere in the mountains of the far north, near which the Kiowa Apache locate one of their most noted wonder stories. The name seems to be an archaic form for _To´ñ-dahä´_, q. v.

toñgu´ayo--sitting with legs crossed and extended; I sit _so, ätoñgu´ayo-ä´ngya_, from _toñti_, _gu´ayo_, legs crossed and extended, and _ä´ngya_.

Toñhe´ñ p'a--"waterless, i. e., dry, creek;" Sand creek, Colorado, a northern tributary of Arkansas river, and the scene of the Chivington massacre.

Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´-i, or Toñhe´ñ-t'a`ka´a'-i-do´mbe--waterless Mexican (country); the people and region of Chihuahua and upper Coahuila, Mexico.

Toñhyo´pdă´--the "Pipe-bearer," or officer who marched at the head of the young warriors on an expedition; he did not necessarily carry a pipe. Etymology doubtful.

To´ñko´ñ--"black water;" a pond on the edge of the Staked plain, about three days' journey westward from Double mountain, in Texas; perhaps Agua Negra, just inside the Texas line, about 34°.

To´ñko´ñ p'a--"black-water creek;" a southern tributary of the Washita, about five miles below the Custer battle-field (_Doä´dal-ko´ñkya-eho´taldee_), in F county, Oklahoma.

Toñko´ñko--"Black legs," from _toñti_, _ko´ñkya_, and _ko_; singular, _Toñko´ñ-gyäk`i´a_. (1) The Blackfoot Indians. (2) One of the six Kiowa military orders, the Raven, Raven Soldiers, or Black Leggings of Clark (see page 229).

To´ñpeto--"Afraid-of-water," from _toñ_ and _gyä`pe´to_; the Kiowa rendering of the name of the Comanche chief _Päre´iyä_, who made the final peace between the two tribes.

toñp'o´dal--lame, from _to´ñti_ and _p'o´daltă_; I am lame, _äto´ñp'o´daltă_.

Toñp'o´dal-kyä`to´--"Lame-old-man;" a Kiowa war chief in 1832.