Part 13

stomatitis, etc. Large doses are actively poisonous, causing disintegration of the blood corpuscles. Has been used in the form of gargle and troches for sore throat (swallowing the latter may be dangerous).

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Trochisci Potassii Chloratis (Troch. Pot. Chlorat.), Troches of Potassium Chlorate, U.S.P._--Each troche contains potassium chlorate (0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains) with sugar and tragacanth.

=Potassii Chloridum (Pot. Chlorid.), Potassium Chloride, N.F.=--KCl.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8) and insoluble in alcohol.

## ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended for use as

table salt in place of sodium chloride, in cases in which the absorption of salt was thought to be undesirable. Its value is not established.

=*Potassii Citras (Pot. Cit.), Potassium Citrate, U.S.P.=

Transparent crystals or white, granular powder; odorless and having a cooling saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and almost insoluble in alcohol.

## ACTION AND USES: Systemic alkali and diuretic like

potassium acetate, but more laxative.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_*Potassii Citras Effervescens (Pot. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Potassium Citrate, U.S.P._--An effervescent mixture representing potassium citrate (20%), sodium citrate (27.55%) and sodium tartrate (38.7%).

DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.).

_Liquor Potassii Citratis (Liq. Pot. Cit.), Solution of Potassium Citrate, U.S.P._--Potassium citrate (8%) in water.

DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

=*Potassii et Sodii Tartras (Pot. et Sod. Tart.), Potassium and Sodium Tartrate, U.S.P.= (Rochelle Salt).

Transparent crystals or white powder, odorless and having a cooling, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9).

## ACTION AND USES: Saline cathartic, of relatively unobjectionable

taste.

DOSAGE: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.) in water.

_*Pulvis Effervescens Compositus (Pulv. Eff. Co.), Compound Effervescing Powder, U.S.P._ (Seidlitz Powder).--The blue paper contains sodium bicarbonate (2.5 Gm.) and potassium and sodium tartrate (7.5 Gm.). The white paper contains tartaric acid (2.16 Gm.).

DOSAGE: 1 set of two powders (U.S.P.).

=*Potassii Hydroxidum (Pot. Hydrox.), Potassium Hydroxide, U.S.P.= (Caustic Potash, Potassium Hydrate).--KOH (not less than 85%).

Dry white or nearly white, odorless, deliquescent, hard and brittle flakes, masses or sticks. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:3).

## ACTION AND USES: Internally, an antacid, but objectionable

for it is more irritant than the bicarbonate and without advantage over the latter. Externally, caustic and solvent, but too diffluent.

_*Liquor Potassii Hydroxidi (Liq. Pot. Hydrox.), Solution of Potassium Hydroxide, U.S.P._ (Liquor Potassae, Solution of Potassa).--KOH (not less than 4.5%).

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_Potassa cum Calce (Pot. c. Calc.), Potassa with Lime, N.F._--Potassium hydroxide (50%) and calcium oxide.

USES: Caustic.

=Potassii Hypophosphis (Pot. Hypophos.), Potassium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.=--KH{2}PO{2}. (Caution should be observed in handling this product to avoid explosion.)

White, opaque deliquescent plates, crystalline masses or granular powder, odorless and having a pungent, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:9).

## ACTION AND USES: Introduced in common with other

hypophosphites as a cure for tuberculosis; since used as "nerve-foods." There is no proof that the hypophosphites exert any physiologic effect, influence any pathologic process, or have any food value.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

=*Potassii Iodidum (Pot. Iod.), Potassium Iodide, U.S.P.=--KI.

Transparent, translucent or opaque crystals or white granular powder, with a pungent, saline, afterward bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.7) and soluble in alcohol (1:22). Incompatible with mineral acids and oxidizing agents and should not be prescribed in solution with alkaloids or alkaloid-containing drugs.

## ACTION AND USES: Saline expectorant, especially in

asthma and chronic bronchitis; diuretic; antisyphilitic; "alterative" in rheumatic conditions, sclerosis, etc.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.); best administered in simple solution and well diluted; in lues the dose should be gradually increased to the limit of tolerance.

_Unguentum Potassii Iodidi (Ung. Pot. Iod.), Ointment of Potassium Iodide, N.F._--Potassium iodide (10%), sodium thiosulphate (1%), water and benzoinated lard.

USES: An irrational method of administering potassium iodide, as none of the drug is absorbed through the skin.

=Potassi Nitras (Pot. Nitras), Potassium Nitrate, U.S.P.= (Saltpetre).--KNO{3}.

Transparent crystals or white powder, odorless and having a cooling saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.8) and slightly soluble in alcohol (1:620).

## ACTION AND USES: Diuretic, irritant to kidneys and

intestines; has largely gone out of use.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Charta Potassii Nitratis (Chart. Pot. Nit.), Potassium Nitrate Paper, N.F._--Paper impregnated with potassium nitrate.

USES: The smoke is inhaled in asthma, but is not very effective.

=*Potassii Permanganas (Pot. Permang.), Potassium Permanganate, U.S.P.=--KMnO{4}.

Slender, dark purple odorless crystals, with a taste (in solution) at first sweet, afterward disagreeable and astringent. Soluble in water (1:13.5), forming violet-red to rose-colored solutions which stain the fingers and clothes. Decomposed by alcohol and glycerin. Should not be brought into contact with organic or other readily oxidizable substances.

## ACTION AND USES: Effective deodorant, disinfectant and

astringent. Internally as emmenagogue, probably useless.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.), usually in pills. For application to the skin, 1:500 solution.

=Potassii Sulphas (Pot. Sulph.), Potassium Sulphate, N.F.=--K{2}SO{4}.

Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a saline, somewhat bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:10) and insoluble in alcohol.

## ACTION AND USES: Saline purgative closely resembling

sodium sulphate in its action, but without advantage over the latter.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

=Prunum (Prunum), Prune, N.F.=

## ACTION AND USES: One of the ingredients in confection

of senna but seldom used in medicine apart from this.

=*Prunus Virginiana (Prun. Virg.), Wild Cherry, U.S.P.= (Wild Black Cherry Bark).

## ACTION AND USES: Sedative expectorant, mainly used as

flavor.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Pruni Virginianae (Fldext. Prun. Virg.), Fluidextract of Wild Cherry, N.F._--Wild cherry (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

_Infusum Pruni Virginianae (Inf. Prun. Virg.), Infusion of Wild Cherry, N.F._--Wild cherry (4%), in glycerin and water.

DOSAGE: 60 Cc. or 2 fluidounces (N.F.).

_*Syrupus Pruni Virginianae (Syr. Prun. Virg.), Syrup of Wild Cherry, U.S.P._--Wild cherry bark (15%), in glycerin and syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Vinum Pruni Virginianae (Vin. Prun. Virg.), Wine of Wild Cherry, N.F._--Wild cherry (25%) in water, alcohol, sugar and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 23 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Vinum Pruni Virginianae Ferratum (Vin. Prun. Virg. Ferr.), Ferrated Wine of Wild Cherry, N.F._--Tincture of ferric citrochloride (8%) in wine of wild cherry. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

USES: Superfluous "tonic."

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Pulsatilla (Pulsatil.), Pulsatilla, N.F.= (Pasque Flower, Meadow Anemone).--The plant.

## ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended as an alterative,

sedative and antispasmodic. Has been used in syphilis with undoubted harmful results because of its inefficiency. Its use is fortunately decreasing.

DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

_Tinctura Pulsatillae (Tr. Pulsatil.), Tincture of Pulsatilla, N.F._--Pulsatilla (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).

=PULVERES, POWDERS.=--The official powders are mixtures of several substances in powdered form. For the preparations now official see under the names of the principal constituents. For Pulvis Antimonialis, see under =Antimonii Oxidum=; for Pulvis Antisepticus, see under =Zinci Sulphas=; for Pulvis Aromaticus and Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus, under =Cinnamomum Saigonicum=; for Pulvis Aromaticus Rubefaciens, under =Caryophyllus=; Pulvis Cretae Aromaticus et Opii, under =Opium=; for Pulvis Effervescens Compositus, under =Potassii et Sodii Tartras=; for Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus, under =Senna=; for Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii, under =Opium=, and for Pulvis Talci Compositus, under =Acidum Salicylicum=.

=Pumex (Pumex), Pumice, N.F.=--Consists chiefly of complex silicates of volcanic origin.

## ACTION AND USES: Used as an abrasive material, and in

pharmacy as an absorbent.

=Pyrethrum (Pyreth.), Pyrethrum, U.S.P.= (Pellitory Root).

## ACTION AND USES: Obsolete, irritant sialagogue and

local irritant.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Pyrethri (Tr. Pyreth.), Tincture of Pyrethrum, U.S.P._ (Tincture of Pellitory).--Pyrethrum (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.

USES: External.

=Pyrogallol (Pyrogall.), Pyrogallol, U.S.P.= (Pyrogallic Acid).--Trihydroxybenzene.

Light, white or nearly white, odorless, bitter laminae, fine needles or powder. Freely soluble in water (1:1.7) and in alcohol (1:1.3).

## ACTION AND USES: Irritant antiseptic in chronic skin

diseases. Internally highly toxic.

DOSAGE: 5 per cent. ointment.

=Pyroxylinum (Pyroxylin.), Pyroxylin, U.S.P.= (Soluble Gun Cotton).--Chiefly cellulose tetranitrate.

A yellowish-white matted mass of filaments, resembling raw cotton in appearance; very inflammable. Slowly but completely soluble in a mixture of three volumes of ether and one volume of alcohol. Also soluble in acetone and in glacial acetic acid. Practically insoluble in alcohol or water.

## ACTION AND USES: Basis for collodions.

_*Collodium (Collod.), Collodion, U.S.P._--Pyroxylin (4%) in a mixture of ether and alcohol.

USES: Used to form a protective film and as a vehicle for external applications.

_*Collodium Flexile (Collod. Flex.), Flexible Collodion, U.S.P._--A mixture of collodion (95%) with camphor (2%) and castor oil (3%).

USES: More pliable than collodion and does not contract as much in drying.

=Quassia (Quass.), Quassia, U.S.P.= (Bitter Wood).

## ACTION AND USES: Simple bitter stomachic (more disagreeable

than gentian); an infusion is also used as enema in the treatment of pinworms.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).

_Extractum Quassiae (Ext. Quas.), Extract of Quassia, N.F._ (Powdered Extract of Quassia).--An aqueous extract diluted with starch, 1 Gm. representing 10 Gm. of quassia.

DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Quassiae (Fldext. Quass.), Fluidextract of Quassia, N.F._--Quassia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 25 per cent.

DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).

_Tinctura Quassiae (Tr. Quas.), Tincture of Quassia, U.S.P._--Quassia (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).

=Quercus (Querc.), Quercus, N.F.= (White Oak Bark).

## ACTION AND USES: Tannin-bearing astringent, without

advantage over krameria, etc.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Quercus (Fldext. Querc.), Fluidextract of Quercus, N.F._--Quercus (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

=Quillaja (Quillaja), Quillaja, N.F.= (Soap-tree Bark).

## ACTION AND USES: Contains saponin and has been recommended

as an expectorant. Similar to, but without advantage over senega. Has been used as a detergent and as an emulsifying agent; in the latter use is objectionable.

_Tinctura Quillajae (Tr. Quillaj.), Tincture of Quillaja, N.F._--Quillaja (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.

=Quinidina (Quinid.), Quinidine, N.F.=--An alkaloid isomeric with quinine.

White, odorless crystals or powder, with an intense and persistent bitter taste.

## ACTION AND USES: At one time recommended as a cheap

substitute for quinine. Inferior and obsolete.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.) daily.

_Syrupus Quinidinae (Syr. Quinid.), Syrup of Quinidine, N.F._ (Bitterless Syrup of Quinidine).--Quinidine (3.3%) and oil of orange in syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=*Quinina (Quin.), Quinine, U.S.P.=--Obtained from cinchona bark.

White, odorless, intensely bitter powder. Very slightly soluble in water (1:1560), and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

## ACTION AND USES: Bitter tonic, analgesic and antipyretic;

specific against malaria. Contraindicated in ear diseases. Idiosyncrasies are common.

The official quinine salts are more numerous than is necessary. Those that are starred would meet every indication.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

_Oleatum Quininae (Oleat. Quin.), Oleate of Quinine, N.F._--Quinine (25%) in oleic acid.

=*Quininae Bisulphas (Quin. Bisulph.), Quinine Bisulphate, U.S.P.=--Quinine acid sulphate.

Transparent or whitish, odorless, very bitter crystals. Freely soluble in water (1:9) and soluble in alcohol (1:23).

## ACTION AND USES: Similar to, and without advantage

over, =Quininae Dihydrochloridum=.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Antiperiodica (Tr. Antiperiod.), Antiperiodic Tincture, N.F._ (Warburg's Tincture).--Quinine bisulphate (2%), extract of aloes (1.75%), rhubarb (0.8%), angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, gentian, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, camphor, agaric, pepper, Saigon cinnamon and Jamaica ginger in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.

USES: Antiquated, complex and irrational quinine mixture.

DOSAGE: From 4 to 15 Cc. or 1 to 4 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Tinctura Antiperiodica sine Aloe (Tr. Antiperiod. s. Aloe), Antiperiodic Tincture without Aloes, N.F._ (Warburg's Tincture without Aloes).--The same as the preceding (Tinctura Antiperiodica) with the omission of extract of aloes.

USES AND DOSAGE: See Tinctura Antiperiodica.

=Quininae Dihydrochloridum (Quin. Dihydrochl.), Quinine Dihydrochloride, U.S.P.=

White, odorless, very bitter powder. Very soluble in water (1:0.6), and soluble in alcohol (1:12).

## ACTION AND USES: Used where concentrated solutions of

quinine are wanted, as for subcutaneous injections, etc.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

=*Quininae et Ureae Hydrochloridum (Quin. et Urea. Hydrochl.), Quinine and Urea Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Quinine and Urea Chloride).--A double salt of quinine and urea.

Colorless, translucent crystals or white, granular powder, odorless and having a very bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.4).

## ACTION AND USES: Much less irritating than ordinary

quinine salts and therefore suited for hypodermic injections, in malaria or as local anesthetic.

DOSAGE: Hypodermic, one dose daily, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). For local anesthesia (hypodermic) solution of from 0.25 to 1 per cent.; (applied to mucous membranes), solutions of from 10 to 20 per cent.

=Quininae Glycerophosphas (Quin. Glycerophos.), Quinine Glycerophosphate, N.F.= (Quinine Glycerinophosphate).

Fine, white, odorless crystals or powder, with a very bitter taste.

## ACTION AND USES: Expensive and superfluous quinine

salt.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

=Quininae Hydrobromidum (Quin. Hydrobr.), Quinine Hydrobromide, U.S.P.= (Quinine Bromide).

Light, white, odorless, very bitter silky needles. Soluble in water (1:40), and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.9).

## ACTION AND USES: Superfluous; see =Quininae Hydrochloridum=.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains, daily (U.S.P.).

=*Quininae Hydrochloridum (Quin. Hydrochl.), Quinine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Quinine Chloride).

White, odorless, very bitter, silky needles. Soluble in water (1:18) and very soluble in alcohol (1:0.8).

## ACTION AND USES: Has the action of other quinine salts;

frequently preferred to the sulphate, because neutral and more soluble.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

_Syrupus Phosphatum cum Quinina et Strychnina (Syr. Phosphat. c. Quin. et Strych.), Syrup of Phosphates with Quinine and Strychnine, N.F._ (Syrupus Hydrochlorophosphatum, N.F. III, Compound Syrup of Hydrochlorophosphates).--Quinine hydrochloride (0.44%), strychnine nitrate (0.014%), compound solution of phosphates (50%) in glycerin and syrup.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)

=Quininae Hypophosphis (Quin. Hypophos.), Quinine Hypophosphite, N.F.=

Fine, white, odorless crystals, with a very bitter taste.

## ACTION AND USES: Superfluous quinine salt.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (N.F.)

=Quininae Salicylas (Quin. Salicyl.), Quinine Salicylate, U.S.P.=

Colorless (often becoming pinkish), odorless, bitter needles. Soluble in alcohol (1:14) and in glycerin (1:13). Only slightly soluble in water.

## ACTION AND USES: Superfluous; see Quininae Hydrochloridum.

The quantity of salicylate in a dose is usually too small to be effective.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.)

=*Quininae Sulphas (Quin. Sulph.), Quinine Sulphate, U.S.P.=

White, odorless, very bitter, efflorescent crystals. Slightly soluble in water (1:725) and in alcohol (1:107).

## ACTION AND USES: The most commonly used quinine salt

but inferior to the hydrochloride, the dihydrochloride and quinine and urea hydrochloride where a soluble salt is desired, and to the alkaloid or the tannate where an insoluble one is needed.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.); antimalarial, at least 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (U.S.P.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum (Elix. Cinchon. Alk.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, N.F. (Elixir Cinchonae, N.F._ III, Elixir Calisaya, Alkaloidal).--Quinine sulphate (0.2%), cinchonidine sulphate (0.1%), cinchonine sulphate (0.1%), compound tincture of cudbear and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.

USES: Imitation of cinchona, minus the tannin. No advantage over quinine.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum et Hypophosphitum (Elix. Cinchon. et Hypophos.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids and Hypophosphites, N.F._ (Elixir Cinchonae et Hypophosphitum, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Hypophosphites).--Calcium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), elixir of cinchona alkaloids (about 85%), hypophosphorous acid and water. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis._--See under Calcii Lactophosphas.

_Pilulae Antiperiodicae (Pil. Antiperiod.), Antiperiodic Pills, N.F._ (Warburg's Pills).--Each pill contains quinine sulphate (0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), extract of aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and rhubarb (0.032 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, agaric, camphor and extract of gentian.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

_Pilulae Antiperiodicae sine Aloe (Pil. Antiperiod. s. Aloe), Antiperiodic Pills without Aloes, N.F._ (Warburg's Pills without Aloes).--Each pill contains quinine sulphate (0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), rhubarb (0.032 Gm. or 1/2 grain) with angelica fruit, elecampane, saffron, fennel, zedoary, cubeb, myrrh, agaric, camphor and extract of gentian.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

=*Quininae Tannas (Quin. Tann.), Quinine Tannate, U.S.P.=

Pale yellow, or yellowish-white, odorless and tasteless, or nearly tasteless powder. Only very slightly soluble in water. Somewhat more soluble in alcohol.

## ACTION AND USES: Used where comparatively tasteless

preparations are wanted.

DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.); sometimes administered with chocolate or sugar.

_Trochisci Quininae Tannatis (Troch. Quin. Tan.), Troches of Quinine Tannate, N.F._--Each troche contains quinine tannate (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain) with tragacanth, oil of theobroma, cocoa, sugar and sodium benzosulphinide.

DOSAGE: 1 troche (N.F.)

=Quininae Valeras (Quin. Valer.), Quinine Valerate, N.F.=

White, lustrous crystals, with a valerian-like odor and an intensely bitter taste.

## ACTION AND USES: Those of quinine and valerates, but

disagreeable and superfluous.

DOSAGE: Tonic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (N.F.); antimalarial, 1 Gm. or 15 grains daily (N.F.).

_Elixir Quininae Valeratis et Strychninae (Elix. Quin. Valer. et Strych.), Elixir of Quinine Valerate and Strychnine, N.F._ (Elixir Quininae Valerianatis et Strychninae, N.F. III).--Quinine valerate (1.75%), strychnine sulphate (0.0175%), compound tincture of cudbear, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.

USES: Irrational "tonic" mixture.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

=Renninum (Rennin.), Rennin, N.F.=--Milk-curdling enzyme from the stomach of the calf.

Grayish-white or yellowish-white powder or yellowish grains or scales, with a characteristic, slightly saline taste and a peculiar odor. Slowly soluble in water and in diluted alcohol.

## ACTION AND USES: For making wheys and junkets

=Resina (Resin.), Rosin, U.S.P.= (Colophony).--The residue left after distilling the volatile oil from turpentine (the oleoresin).

## ACTION AND USES: Used in the preparation of ointments

and plasters. Rubefacient.

_Ceratum Resinae (Cerat. Res.), Rosin Cerate, U.S.P._ (Basilicon Ointment).--Rosin, yellow wax and lard.

_Ceratum Resinae Compositum (Cerat. Resin. Co.), Compound Rosin Cerate, N.F._ (Deshler's Salve).--Rosin, yellow wax, prepared suet, turpentine and linseed oil.

_Emplastrum Elasticum (Emp. Elast.), Rubber Plaster, U.S.P._ (Rubber Adhesive Plaster).--A mixture of rubber, resins, and waxes, with a filler of an absorbent powder.

_Emplastrum Resinae (Emp. Res.), Rosin Plaster, U.S.P._ (Rosin Adhesive Plaster, Adhesive Plaster).--Rosin, lead plaster and yellow wax.

=RESINAE, RESINS.=--Resins are the residues obtained by distilling the volatile oil from oleoresins or the precipitates obtained from solutions of resins in alcohol by the addition of water. For the official resins see under the names of the principal constituents.

=*Resorcinol (Resorcin.), Resorcinol, U.S.P.= (Resorcin).--Metadihydroxybenzene.

Colorless or nearly colorless crystals or powder with a faint, peculiar odor and a taste at first sweetish, afterward bitter. Very soluble in water (1:0.9) and in alcohol (1:0.9).

## ACTION AND USES: Irritant, antiseptic; used internally in

gastric fermentation; externally in skin diseases.

DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).

_Pasta Resorcinolis Fortis (Past. Resorcin. Fort.), Strong Resorcinol Paste, N.F._ (Lassar's Stronger Resorcinol Paste).--Resorcinol (20%), zinc oxide (20%), starch and light liquid petrolatum.

_Pasta Resorcinolis Mitis (Past. Resorcin. Mit.), Mild Resorcinol Paste, N.F._ (Lassar's Mild Resorcinol Paste).--Resorcinol (10%), zinc oxide (25%), starch and liquid petrolatum.

_Unguentum Resorcinolis Compositus (Ung. Resorcin. Co.), Compound Resorcinol Ointment, N.F._--Resorcinol, zinc oxide, bismuth subnitrate and rectified oil of birch tar (each 6%), in yellow wax, petrolatum, anhydrous wool fat and glycerin.

USES: Complex antiseptic ointment.

=Rhamnus Cathartica (Rhamn. Cath.), Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F.= (Buckthorn Berries, Baccae Spinae Cervinae).--Ripe fruit.

## ACTION AND USES: Superfluous hydragogue cathartic.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).

_Fluidextractum Rhamni Catharticae (Fldext. Rham. Cathart.), Fluidextract of Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F._--Rhamnus cathartica (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_Syrupus Rhamni Catharticae (Syr. Rham. Cathart.), Syrup of Rhamnus Cathartica, N.F._ (Syrup of Buckthorn Berries, Syrupus Spinae Cervinae).--Fluidextract of rhamnus cathartica (20%), oil of fennel and oil of cinnamon, in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 8 per cent.

DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).

=*Rheum (Rheum), Rhubarb, U.S.P.=--Rhizome and root.

## ACTION AND USES: Efficient and pleasant laxative, its

## action resembling cascara. It is, however, also somewhat

astringent. Used especially in the form of aromatic tincture and aromatic syrup.

The official preparations of rhubarb are needlessly numerous, those that are starred being quite sufficient. Many of the official mixtures and pills are unnecessarily complex.

DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).

_*Extractum Rhei (Ext. Rhei), Extract of Rhubarb, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Rhubarb).--One Gm. extract represents 2 Gm. rhubarb.

DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).

_Fluidextractum Rhei (Fldext. Rhei), Fluidextract of Rhubarb, U.S.P._--Rhubarb (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).

_Fluidglyceratum Rhei (Fldglycer. Rhei), Fluidglycerate of Rhubarb, N.F._--Rhubarb (100%) in water and glycerin.

DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).

_Mistura Rhei Alkalina (Mist. Rhei Alk.), Alkaline Mixture of Rhubarb, N.F._ (Syrupus Rhei et Potassii Compositus, N.F. III, Neutralizing Cordial).--Fluidextract of rhubarb (1.6%), fluidextract of hydrastis (0.8%), and potassium carbonate (1.6%) with tincture of cinnamon, spirit of peppermint in syrup and diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 37 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_Mistura Rhei Composita (Mist. Rhei Co.), Compound Mixture of Rhubarb, N.F._ (Mistura Rhei et Sodae, U.S.P. VIII, Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda).--Fluidextract of rhubarb (1.5%), fluidextract of ipecac (0.3%), sodium bicarbonate (3.5%), glycerin and spirit of peppermint in water. Absolute alcohol content about 4 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.

_Pilulae Rhei (Pil. Rhei), Pills of Rhubarb, N.F._--Each pill contains rhubarb (0.2 Gm. or 3 grains) with soap.

DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).

_Pilulae Rhei Compositae (Pil. Rhei Co.), Compound Pills of Rhubarb, U.S.P._--Each pill contains rhubarb (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and aloes (0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) with myrrh and oil of peppermint.

DOSAGE: 2 pills (U.S.P.).

_Pulvis Rhei Compositus (Pulv. Rhei Co.), Compound Powder of Rhubarb, U.S.P._ (Gregory's Powder).--Rhubarb (25%), Jamaica ginger (10%) and magnesium oxide.

DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).

_Pulvis Rhei et Magnesiae Anisatus (Pulv. Rhei et Magnes. Anis.), Anisated Powder of Rhubarb and Magnesia, N.F._ (Compound Anise Powder).--Rhubarb (35%), anethol and heavy magnesium oxide.

USES: Mild cathartic.

DOSAGE: For infants, 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).

_Syrupus Rhei (Syr. Rhei), Syrup of Rhubarb, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of rhubarb (10%), spirit of cinnamon and potassium carbonate in water and syrup.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_*Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus (Syr. Rhei Arom.), Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb, U.S.P._ (Spiced Syrup of Rhubarb).--Aromatic tincture of rhubarb (15%) and potassium carbonate in syrup.

DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Rhei (Tr. Rhei), Tincture of Rhubarb, U.S.P._--Rhubarb (20%) and cardamom seed, in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).

_Tinctura Rhei Aquosa (Tr. Rhei. Aq.), Aqueous Tincture of Rhubarb, N.F._--Rhubarb (10%) and potassium carbonate in cinnamon water, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.

DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).

_*Tinctura Rhei Aromatica (Tr. Rhei Arom.), Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb, U.S.P._--Rhubarb (20%), Saigon cinnamon, clove and nutmeg in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.

DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).