Part 9
Yellowish, odorless crystals or powder. Soluble in chloroform (1:195); very soluble in water and alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Hydrastinine resembles hydrastine
in its action but is said to be less depressing. Hydrastinine has a pronounced pressor effect on peripheral vessels, causing a rise of blood pressure.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.)
=*Hydrastis (Hydrastis), Hydrastis, U.S.P.= (Golden Seal).--Rhizome and roots, yielding not less than 2.5 per cent. of ether-soluble alkaloids, chiefly hydrastin.
## ACTION AND USES: Hydrastis is an unpleasant bitter;
it possesses no advantages over other simple bitters (gentian). It has been asserted to have a special influence on mucous membranes favoring their nutrition and return to a normal condition. There is little or no experimental evidence to bear out the claim for any special action.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
_Extractum Hydrastis (Ext. Hydrast.), Extract of Hydrastis, U.S.P._ (Extract of Golden Seal, Powdered Extract of Hydrastis).--One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm. hydrastis. Yields about 10 per cent. of alkaloids.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
_*Fluidextractum Hydrastis (Fldext. Hydrast.), Fluidextract of Hydrastis, U.S.P._--Hydrastis (100%), yielding about 2 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Glyceritum Hydrastis (Glycer. Hydrast.), Glycerite of Hydrastis, U.S.P._ (Glycerite of Golden Seal).--Hydrastis (100%) yielding not less than 1.245 per cent. of alkaloids.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Hydrastis (Tr. Hydrast.), Tincture of Hydrastis, U.S.P._ (Tincture of Golden Seal).--Hydrastis (20%), yielding about 0.4 per cent. of hydrastin; in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.)
=*Hydrogenii Dioxidum, Hydrogen Dioxide= (Hydrogen Peroxide).--H{2}O{2}.
_*Liquor Hydrogenii Dioxidi (Liq. Hydrog. Diox.), Solution of Hydrogen Dioxide, U.S.P._ (Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidii, U.S.P. VIII, Solution of Hydrogen Peroxide).--H{2}O{2} (not less than 3%).
## ACTION AND USES: Nontoxic and fairly efficient local
antiseptic and detergent, useful mainly for the destruction of pus. Used on suppurating wounds and as a mouthwash and gargle; also as a bleaching agent. Should not be injected into a wound unless free drainage is present.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.). For external application should be diluted about 1:4.
=Hyoscyaminae Hydrobromidum (Hyoscyamin. Hydrobr.), Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide, U.S.P.= (Hyoscyamine Bromide).--Obtained from hyoscyamus and other plants of the nightshade family.
White, odorless crystals. Freely soluble in alcohol (1:2.5) and in chloroform (1:1.7); very soluble in water.
## ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of atropine; is
usually more sedative to the brain, but at times produces acute delirium. The drug is very uncertain.
DOSAGE: 0.3 mg. or 1/200 grain (U.S.P.).
=*Hyoscyamus (Hyosc.), Hyoscyamus, U.S.P.= (Henbane, Hyoscyami Folium, P.I.).--Leaves and tops, yielding not less than 0.065 per cent. of alkaloids.
## ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of belladonna.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.).
_Extractum Hyoscyami (Ext. Hyosc.), Extract of Hyoscyamus, U.S.P._--One Gm. extract represents about 4 Gm. hyoscyamus. Yields about 0.25 per cent. of alkaloids.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.).
_Fluidextractum Hyoscyami (Fldext. Hyosc.), Fluidextract of Hyoscyamus, U.S.P._ (Fluidextract of Henbane).--Hyoscyamus (100%) yielding about 0.065 per cent. of alkaloids, chiefly hyoscyamine. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).
_Oleum Hyoscyami Compositum (Ol. Hyosc. Co.), Compound Oil of Hyoscyamus, N.F._ (Balsamum Tranquillans).--Infused oil of hyoscyamus (hyoscyamus 10%) flavored with oils of lavender, peppermint, rosemary and thyme.
_*Tinctura Hyoscyami (Tr. Hyosc.), Tincture of Hyoscyamus, U.S.P._ (Tincture of Henbane, Hyoscyami Tinctura, P.I.).--Hyoscyamus (10%), yielding about 0.0065 per cent. of hyoscyamus alkaloids; in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
=*Hypophysis Sicca (Hypophysis Sic.), Desiccated Hypophysis, U.S.P.= (Desiccated Pituitary Body).--The posterior lobe obtained from the pituitary body of cattle.
A yellowish or grayish powder with a characteristic odor. Partially soluble in water.
## ACTION AND USES: Solutions are used, hypodermically, to strengthen
uterine contractions in prolonged labor. They also stimulate peristalsis and have been used with some success after abdominal operations and as a vasomotor stimulant. Oral administration is ineffective.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).
_*Liquor Hypophysis (Liq. Hypophysis), Solution of Hypophysis, U.S.P._ (Solution of the Pituitary Body).--Contains the water-soluble principles from the fresh posterior lobe of the pituitary body of cattle. Assayed by testing against a standard solution of beta-iminazolyl-ethylamine hydrochloride by the method of the U.S. Hygienic Laboratory.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
=Ignatia (Ignat.), Ignatia, N.F.= (Saint Ignatius Bean, Ignatia Amara).--Seeds of _Strychnos ignatii_.
## ACTION AND USES: Constituents and actions similar to
those of nux vomica, over which ignatia has no advantage, being less reliable.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (N.F.).
_Extractum Ignatiae (Ext. Ignat.), Extract of Ignatia, N.F._ (Powdered Extract of Ignatia).--A hydroalcoholic extract, yielding about 6 per cent. of alkaloids.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (N.F.).
_Tinctura Ignatiae (Tr. Ignat.), Tincture of Ignatia, N.F._--Ignatia (10%), yielding about 0.2 per cent. of ignatia alkaloids; in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.6 Cc. or 10 minims (N.F.).
=INFUSA, INFUSIONS.=--Aqueous preparations made by pouring hot or cold water over a vegetable drug, allowing the mixture to stand for a definite period and then straining. For the official infusions, see under the names of the respective drugs.
=Inula (Inula), Inula, N.F.= (Elecampane).--Rhizome and roots.
## ACTION AND USES: At one time used in bronchitis. No
scientific indications for its use.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
=INUNCTA, INUNCTIONS.=--Semisolid ointment-like preparations used for external application. For the various inunctions see under the names of the principal ingredients.
=*Iodoformum (Iodof.), Iodoform, U.S.P.=--Triiodomethane, CHI{3}.
Lemon-yellow powder or lustrous crystals, with a peculiar, penetrating odor and an unpleasant, slightly sweetish taste suggestive of iodine. Nearly insoluble in water, to which, however, it imparts its odor and taste; soluble in alcohol (1:60) and in glycerin (1:80).
## ACTION AND USES: Used as dusting powder, promoting
healing by granulation. Oily suspensions are also used in treatment of tuberculous fistulas.
_Collodium Iodoformi (Collod. Iodof.), Iodoform Collodion, N.F._--Iodoform (5%) in flexible collodion.
USES: There appears to be no advantage in applying iodoform in collodion.
_Glycerogelatinum Iodoformi (Glycerogel. Iodof.), Iodoform Glycerogelatin, N.F._--Iodoform (10%), water, glycerin and glycerinated gelatin.
_Iodoformum Aromatisatum (Iodof. Arom.), Aromatized Iodoform, N.F._--Coumarin (4%) and iodoform.
_Petroxolinum Iodoformi (Petrox. Iodof.), Iodoform Petroxolin, N.F._ (Iodoform Petrox.).--An unstable preparation made from iodoform (3%), acetone, oleic acid, eucalyptol and liquid petroxolin.
_Unguentum Iodoformi (Ung. Iodof.), Iodoform Ointment, U.S.P._--Iodoform (10%) in benzoinated lard.
=*Iodum (Iodum), Iodine, U.S.P.=--I.
Heavy, bluish-black, brittle plates, with a metallic luster, a distinctive odor and a sharp, acrid taste. Very slightly soluble in water (1:2950) and soluble in alcohol (1:12.5). Freely soluble in solutions of alkali iodides.
## ACTION AND USES: The tincture and compound solution
are used externally as local irritant and antiseptic. The irritant action can be easily graduated by successive application. It is rarely used internally for the systemic effects of iodides.
DOSAGE: 0.005 Gm. or 1/12 grain (U.S.P.), largely diluted.
_Collodium Iodi (Collod. Iodi), Iodine Collodion, N.F._--Iodine (5%) in flexible collodion.
USES: There appears little advantage in applying iodine in collodion.
_Liquor Iodi Compositus (Liq. Iodi Co.), Compound Solution of Iodine, U.S.P._ (Lugol's Solution).--Iodine (5%) and potassium iodide (10%) in water.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.).
_Liquor Iodi Phenolatus (Liq. Iod. Phenol.), Phenolated Solution of Iodine, N.F._ (Liquor Iodi Carbolatus, N.F. III, Carbolized Solution of Iodine, Boulton's Solution, French Mixture).--Compound solution of iodine (1.5%), liquefied phenol (0.6%), glycerin and water. The iodine combines with the phenol.
USES: Antiseptic.
_Petroxolinum Iodi (Petrox. Iod.), Iodine Petroxolin, N.F._ (Iodine Petrox 10%).--An unstable preparation, containing iodine, ammonium iodide and other iodine compounds in variable proportions, with a mixture of liquid petrolatum, alcohol, ammonium soap and oil of lavender; prepared from iodine (10%) and liquid petroxolin.
_Petroxolinum Iodi Dilutum (Petrox. Iod. Dil.), Diluted Iodine Petroxolin, N.F._ (Iodine Petrox 5%).--An unstable preparation containing iodine, ammonium iodide and other iodine compounds in variable proportions with a mixture of liquid petrolatum, alcohol, ammonium soap and oil of lavender; made from iodine (5%) and liquid petroxolin. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent.
_Syrupus Iodotannicus (Syr. Iodotan.), Syrup of Iodotannin, N.F._--Made by combining iodine (0.27%) with tannic acid (0.54%) in syrup. Contains iodine probably in the form of an iodide.
USES: Similar to those of potassium iodide; without advantage over the latter.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_*Tinctura Iodi (Tr. Iodi), Tincture of Iodine, U.S.P._--An alcoholic solution of iodine (about 7%) and potassium iodide (about 5%). Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Iodi Decolorata (Tr. Iod. Decolor.), Decolorized Tincture of Iodine, N.F._--A solution of sodium iodide and ammonium iodide obtained by mixing iodine and sodium thiosulphate (each 8.3%), stronger ammonia water (6.5%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 75 per cent. Does not contain free iodine.
USES: For external use; of doubtful utility.
_Tinctura Iodi Fortior (Tr. Iod. Fort.), Stronger Tincture of Iodine, N.F._ (Churchill's Tincture of Iodine).--Iodine (16.5%) and potassium iodide (3.3%) in water and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.
_Unguentum Iodi (Ung. Iodi), Iodine Ointment, U.S.P._--Iodine (4%) and potassium iodide (4%) in glycerin and benzoinated lard. Should be made as required.
=*Ipecacuanha (Ipecac.), Ipecac, U.S.P.= (Ipecacuanhae Radix, P.I.).--A root, yielding not less than 1.75 per cent. of alkaloids.
## ACTION AND USES: Used as irritant, nauseant, expectorant
and emetic. Also specific against amebic dysentery, but in this use has been practically displaced by emetine.
DOSAGE: Emetic, 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). Expectorant, 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain.
_*Fluidextractum Ipecacuanhae (Fldext. Ipecac.), Fluidextract of Ipecac, U.S.P._--Ipecac (100%), yielding about 2 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.05 Cc. or 1 minim (U.S.P.).
_Pulvis Ipecacuanhae et Opii._--See under =Opium.=
_*Syrupus Ipecacuanhae (Syr. Ipecac.), Syrup of Ipecac, U.S.P._--Fluidextract of ipecac (7%) and acetic acid (1%) in glycerin and syrup.
DOSAGE: Expectorant, 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.); emetic, 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Syrupus Ipecacuanhae et Opii and Tinctura Ipecacuanhae et Opii._--See under =Opium.=
_Vinum Ipecacuanhae (Vin. Ipecac.), Wine of Ipecac, N.F._--Fluidextract of ipecac (10%, yielding about 0.2% ipecac alkaloids) in alcohol and sherry wine. Absolute alcohol content about 27 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.
=Iris (Iris), Orris, N.F.= (Orris Root).--Rhizome.
## ACTION AND USES: At one time thought to be a mild
digestive stimulant, slightly cathartic and diuretic. Now employed as dusting powder, tooth powder and perfume.
=Iris Versicolor (Iris Vers.), Blue Flag, N.F.=--Rhizome and roots.
## ACTION AND USES: Obsolete cathartic; without advantage
over resin of podophyllum.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Iridis Versicoloris (Fldext. Iri. Ver.), Fluidextract of Blue Flag, N.F._--Blue flag (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=*Jalapa (Jalap.), Jalap, U.S.P.=--A root, yielding not less than 7 per cent. of resins.
## ACTION AND USES: Drastic hydragogue cathartic, used
especially in dropsies. Preferred to other resinous cathartics, as being rather less irritant.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
_Extractum Jalapae (Ext. Jalap.), Extract of Jalap, N.F._--An alcoholic extract.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Jalapae (Fldext. Jalap.), Fluidextract of Jalap, N.F._--Jalap (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
_*Pulvis Jalapae Compositus (Pulv. Jalap. Co.), Compound Powder of Jalap, U.S.P._ (Pulvis Purgans).--Jalap (35%) and potassium bitartrate (65%).
USES: Useful hydragogue cathartic.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
_Resina Jalapae (Res. Jalap.), Resin of Jalap, U.S.P._--The resin from jalap.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Jalapae (Tr. Jalap.), Tincture of Jalap, N.F._--Jalap (20%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Tinctura Jalapae Composita (Tr. Jalap. Co.), Compound Tincture of Jalap, N.F._--Jalap (12.5%) and resin of scammony (3%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Juglans (Juglan.), Juglans, N.F.= (Butternut Bark, White Walnut Bark).--Inner bark of the roots.
## ACTION AND USES: Obsolete cathartic, without advantage
over cascara.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Juglandis (Fldext. Jugland.), Fluidextract of Juglans, N.F._--Juglans (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Juniperus (Junip.), Juniper Berries, N.F.=--Ripe fruit.
## ACTION AND USES: Irritant to urinary organs, owing to
the chief constituent, a volatile oil. The spirit is sometimes used as an irritant diuretic.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Juniperi (Fldext. Junip.), Fluidextract of Juniper Berries, N.F._--Juniper (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Kaolinum (Kaolinum), Kaolin, N.F.=--Purified native aluminum silicate.
White or nearly white powder or lumps with an earthy taste. Insoluble in water.
## ACTION AND USES: Used in a poultice, cataplasma kaolini,
similar to proprietary preparations. Internally, as absorbent in diarrhea and dysentery.
DOSAGE: Tablespoonful dry or in tea several times daily.
_Cataplasma Kaolini (Catapl. Kaolin.), Cataplasm of Kaolin, N.F._--A mixture of kaolin and glycerin with boric acid aromatized with thymol, methyl salicylate and oil of peppermint.
USES: Not superior to flaxseed or bread-and-milk poultices.
=Kava (Kava), Kava, N.F.= (Methysticum, Kava Kava).--Rhizome and roots of _Piper methysticum_.
## ACTION AND USES: Mild irritant, without advantage over
cubeb. Often inert. Owes its properties to an oleoresin.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Kavae (Fldext. Kav.), Fluidextract of Kava, N.F._--Kava (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=Kino (Kino), Kino, U.S.P.=--A dried plant juice.
Dark brown fragments or brick-red powder, odorless and having an astringent taste. Partly soluble in water.
## ACTION AND USES: Used as intestinal and pharyngeal
astringent; has no special advantage over other vegetable astringents, such as krameria.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
_Pulvis Kino et Opii Compositus (Pulv. Kino et Opii Co.), Compound Powder of Kino and Opium, N.F._ (Pulvis Kino Compositus, N.F. III).--Kino (75%), and powdered opium (5%) with Saigon cinnamon.
USES: Antidiarrheic.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Tinctura Kino (Tr. Kino), Tincture of Kino, U.S.P._--Kino (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 49 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Kino et Opii Composita (Tr. Kino et Opii Co.), Compound Tincture of Kino and Opium, N.F._ (Tinctura Kino Composita, N.F. III, Compound Tincture of Kino).--Kino (2%), opium (1%), spirit of camphor (6.5%), oil of clove, cochineal and aromatic spirit of ammonia in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 50 per cent.
USES: Antidiarrheic; undesirably complex.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Kola (Kola), Kola, N.F.= (Cola, Kola Nuts, Cola Nuts).--The peeled seeds.
## ACTION AND USES: Possesses stimulant actions of its
caffein and theobromin. Without advantage over coffee.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Kolae (Fldext. Kol.), Fluidextract of Kola, N.F._ (Fluidextractum Sterculiae, N.F. III).--Kola (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Krameria (Kramer.), Krameria, N.F.= (Rhatany).--Root.
## ACTION AND USES: Powerful astringent; like other
tannin-containing drugs, is rapidly passing out of use.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Extractum Krameriae (Ext. Kramer.), Extract of Krameria, N.F._ (Powdered Extract of Krameria).--An aqueous extract diluted with starch, 1 Gm. representing 4 Gm. krameria.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Krameriae (Fldext. Kramer.), Fluidextract of Krameria, N.F._--Krameria (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
_Fluidglyceratum Krameriae (Fldglycer. Kramer.), Fluidglycerate of Krameria, N.F._--Krameria (100%) in glycerin and water.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
_Syrupus Krameriae (Syr. Kramer.), Syrup of Krameria, N.F._--Fluidextract of krameria (45%) in syrup. Absolute alcohol content about 18 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Tinctura Krameriae (Tr. Kramer.), Tincture of Krameria, N.F._--Krameria (20%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 45 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Lac Vaccinum (Lac Vaccinum), Cow's Milk, N.F.=
_Lac Fermentatum (Lac Ferment.), Fermented Milk, N.F._ (Kumyss).--A fermentation product obtained by the action of yeast on cow's milk to which sugar (sucrose) has been added. The following is an unofficial formula:
Take a quart of skim milk, one-fifth of a cake of yeast and two tablespoonfuls of sugar. Heat the milk. Dissolve the yeast in a little water and mix it with the sugar and lukewarm milk. Pour the mixture into strong bottles, stopper them tightly with new corks, and tie down the corks with strong twine. Shake the bottles well and place in a refrigerator to ferment slowly. After three days lay the bottles on their sides, turning them occasionally. Five days are required to complete the fermentation.
DOSAGE: 250 Cc. or 8 fluidounces (N.F.).
=Lactucarium (Lactucar.), Lactucarium, U.S.P.=--The dried juice of a species of wild lettuce.
## ACTION AND USES: Inefficient and obsolete hypnotic and
respiratory sedative. The proprietary preparation to which its popularity was due was found to contain morphine. Lactucarium is now seldom used.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.). Not given as such.
_Syrupus Lactucarii (Syr. Lactucar.), Syrup of Lactucarium, U.S.P._--Tincture of lactucarium (10%) and citric acid, flavored with orange flower water, in glycerin and syrup.
DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.). Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.
_Tinctura Lactucarii (Tr. Lactucar.), Tincture of Lactucarium, U.S.P._--Lactucarium (50%) in glycerin, alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
=Lappa (Lappa), Lappa, N.F.= (Burdock Root).
## ACTION AND USES: Obsolete "alterative," used in
nostrums.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Lappae (Fldext. Lapp.), Fluidextract of Lappa, N.F._--Lappa (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Leptandra (Leptand.), Leptandra, N.F.= (Culver's Root).--Rhizome and roots.
## ACTION AND USES: Unreliable cathartic; without advantage
over resin of podophyllum.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Extractum Leptandrae (Ext. Leptand.), Extract of Leptandra, N.F._ (Powdered Extract of Leptandra).--A hydroalcoholic extract, diluted with starch. One Gm. represents 4 Gm. leptandra.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Leptandrae (Fldext. Leptand.), Fluidextract of Leptandra, N.F._--Leptandra (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=Limonis Cortex (Limon. Cort.), Lemon Peel, U.S.P.=
## ACTION AND USES: Used for the preparation of lemon
flavors.
_Tinctura Limonis Corticis (Tr. Limon. Cort.), Tincture of Lemon Peel, U.S.P._--Fresh lemon peel (50%) treated with alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 83 per cent.
=LINIMENTA, LINIMENTS.=--Liquid preparations intended for external application. For the various official liniments, see under the names of the respective chief ingredients.
=*Linum (Linum), Linseed, U.S.P.= (Flaxseed).--Used in demulcent infusions, also when crushed or ground in poultices. If employed where the skin is broken the entire poultice should be sterilized by boiling before it is applied, in order to avoid infection.
=LIQUORES, SOLUTIONS.=--Aqueous liquid preparations in which one or more substances are completely dissolved.
For the various official solutions, see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Liquor Acidi Arsenosi, see under =Arseni Trioxidum=; for Liquor Antisepticus, under =Acidum Boricum=; for Liquor Antisepticus Alkalinus, under =Potassii Bicarbonas=; for Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi, under =Arseni Iodidum=; for Liquor Arsenicalis Clemens, under =Potassii Arsenas=; for Liquor Calcis Sulphuratae, under =Calcii Sulphidum Crudum=; for Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetas, under =Ammonii Acetas=; for Liquor Zinci et Alumini Compositus and Liquor Zinci et Ferri Compositus, under =Zinci Sulphas=.
=Lithii Bromidum (Lith. Brom.), Lithium Bromide, U.S.P.=--LiBr (not less than 85%).
White, granular, odorless, very deliquescent salt with a sharp, slightly bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.6) and soluble in alcohol and in ether.
## ACTION AND USES: Used like other bromides, over which
it has no advantage. For the supposed urate-solvent properties of lithium, see =Lithii Carbonas=.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.).
_Elixir Lithii Bromidi (Elix. Lith. Brom.), Elixir of Lithium Bromide, N.F._--Lithium bromide (8.5%) in syrup, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
=Lithii Carbonas (Lith. Carb.), Lithium Carbonate, U.S.P.=--Li{2}CO{3}.
Light white, odorless powder with an alkaline taste. Soluble in water (1:78); almost insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Used in the same way as sodium
carbonate; without advantage over the latter. Lithium was formerly given to promote the elimination of urates because it was supposed to have special urate-solvent properties, but under the conditions existing in the body these properties do not come into play.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
=Lithii Citras (Lith. Cit.), Lithium Citrate, U.S.P.=
White, odorless powder or granules, with a cooling, faintly alkaline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.4), very slightly soluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Used like citrates of sodium or potassium,
over which it has no advantage. For the supposed urate-solvent properties of lithium, see Lithii Carbonas.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
_Elixir Lithii Citratis (Elix. Lith. Cit.), Elixir of Lithium Citrate, N.F._--Lithium citrate (8.5%), in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.
USES: An objectionable alcoholic preparation of lithium.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Sal Lithii Citratis Effervescens (Sal. Lith. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Salt of Lithium Citrate, N.F._--Lithium citrate (5%), sodium bicarbonate (57%), tartaric acid (30%) and citric acid, the three last-named yielding sodium tartrate and sodium citrate.
USES: Superfluous, and in view of its small lithium content, misnamed.
DOSAGE: 8 Gm. or 2 drachms (N.F.).
=Lithii Salicylas (Lith. Salicyl.), Lithium Salicylate, N.F.=--
White or grayish white odorless powder, with a sweetish taste; deliquescent in a moist atmosphere. Very soluble in water or alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: As a salicylate, inferior to sodium
salicylate. Adequate doses would produce the toxic effects of lithium. For the supposed urate-solvent effects of lithium salts, see =Lithii Carbonas=.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Elixir Lithii Salicylatis (Elix. Lith. Salicyl.), Elixir of Lithium Salicylate, N.F._--Lithium salicylate (8.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 21 per cent.
USES: An objectionable alcoholic salicylic preparation.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
=Lobelia (Lobel.), Lobelia, U.S.P.= (Indian Tobacco).--Leaves and flowering tops.
## ACTION AND USES: Expectorant, nauseant and emetic,
resembling nicotine. Has fallen into disuse because of dangerous effects.
DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.).
_Fluidextractum Lobeliae (Fldext. Lobel.), Fluidextract of Lobelia, U.S.P._--Lobelia (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.15 Cc. or 2-1/2 minims (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Lobeliae (Tr. Lobel.), Tincture of Lobelia, U.S.P._ (Lobeliae Tinctura, P.I.).--Lobelia (10%) in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 46 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
=LOTIONES, LOTIONS= (Washes).--Liquid mixtures, usually of solid medicinal substances suspended in water for external use.
For the various official lotions see under the names of the respective principal ingredients. For Lotio Ammoniacalis Camphorata, see under =Ammonia=; for Lotio Flava, under =Hydrargyri Oxidum Flavum=; for Lotio Nigra, under =Hydrargyri Chloridum Mite=; for Lotio Plumbi et Opii, under =Plumbi Acetas=.
=Lupulinum (Lupul.), Lupulin, N.F.=--Glandular powder separated from hops.
## ACTION AND USES: Bitter tonic without material advantage
over gentian. Reputed hypnotic and anaphrodisiac effects probably attributable to the alcohol in which it is commonly dissolved.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Lupulini (Fldext. Lupul.), Fluidextract of Lupulin, N.F._--Lupulin (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).
_Oleoresina Lupulini (Oleores. Lupul.), Oleoresin of Lupulin, N.F._--The ether extract of lupulin.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.).
=Lycopodium (Lycopod.), Lycopodium, U.S.P.=--The spores of a moss.
Very inflammable.
## ACTION AND USES: Used as an inert dusting powder for
the skin, and as diluent for insufflations of boric acid, tannin, etc., for the throat, nose and ear.
=Macis (Macis), Mace, N.F.=--The arillode (inner covering) removed from nutmeg (myristica).
Yellowish or brownish, fragrant, branched and lobed bands, or orange-buff or orange-brown powder, with a warm, aromatic taste.
## ACTION AND USES: Aromatic flavor and carminative
without advantage over cardamom.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).
=MAGMATA, MAGMAS.=--Suspensions of insoluble or nearly insoluble substances.
=*Magnesii Carbonas (Mag. Carb.), Magnesium Carbonate, U.S.P.=--A mixture of magnesium carbonate and magnesium hydroxide.
Light, white, friable masses or bulky white powder, odorless and with a slight earthy taste. Practically insoluble in water; insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Used internally against gastric hyperacidity