Part 2
_Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum (Acid. Sulph. Arom.), Aromatic Sulphuric Acid, U.S.P._--A mixture, containing free sulphuric acid and ethylsulphuric acid equivalent to about 20 per cent. of H{2}SO{4} in alcohol, flavored with ginger and cinnamon. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.
A clear, reddish-brown liquid with an aromatic odor.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims, well diluted.
_Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum (Acid. Sulph. Dil.), Diluted Sulphuric Acid, U.S.P._--H{2}SO{4} (about 10%).
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.), well diluted.
=*Acidum Tannicum (Acid. Tann.), Tannic Acid, U.S.P.= (Gallotannic Acid, Tannin).--Usually obtained from nutgalls.
A yellowish-white to light brown powder, odorless or having a faint, characteristic odor and a strongly astringent taste. Freely soluble in glycerin (1:1) and very soluble in water and in alcohol. Incompatible with soluble preparations of iron.
## ACTION AND USES: Astringent; local hemostatic; antidote
for certain alkaloidal and metallic poisons.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
_Collodium Stypticum (Collod. Stypt.), Styptic Collodion, N.F._--Tannic acid (20%) and flexible collodion. There is no advantage in applying tannin as collodion.
_*Glyceritum Acidi Tannici (Glycer. Acid. Tann.), Glycerite of Tannic Acid, U.S.P._ (Glycerite of Tannin).--Tannic acid (20%) in glycerin.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Trochisci Acidi Tannici (Troch. Acid. Tann.), Troches of Tannic Acid, U.S.P._--Each troche contains tannic acid (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), with sugar and tragacanth, flavored with orange flower.
_Unguentum Acidi Tannici (Ung. Acid. Tann.), Ointment of Tannic Acid, U.S.P._--Tannic acid (20%), in glycerin and ointment.
=Acidum Tartaricum (Acid. Tart.), Tartaric Acid, U.S.P.=--Obtained from wine lees or argol.
A white, odorless powder, with an acid taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.75) and in alcohol (1:3.3).
## ACTION AND USES: Mild acid; used in the manufacture
of effervescent salts.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains, diluted.
=Acidum Trichloraceticum (Acid. Trichloracet.), Trichloracetic Acid, U.S.P.=--CCl{3}.COOH.
Colorless, deliquescent crystals with a slight characteristic odor. Miscible with water and with alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Caustic, for the removal of warts and
other skin blemishes. Used also as local hemostatic.
=Aconitina (Aconitin.), Aconitine, U.S.P.=--An alkaloid obtained from aconite.
A white, odorless powder. Very slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol (1:28) and in ether (1:65).
## ACTION AND USES: Similar to those described under
aconite. As several alkaloidal preparations of aconite, of varying activity, are sold under the name of aconitine, its use is not advisable.
DOSAGE: 0.15 mg. or 1/400 grain (U.S.P.).
_Oleatum Aconitinae (Oleat. Aconitin.), Oleate of Aconitine, N.F._--Aconitine (2%) in oleic acid and olive oil.
USES: Without advantage over aconite preparations for external application.
=*Aconitum (Aconit.), Aconite, U.S.P.= (Monkshood, Aconite Root, Aconiti Tuber, P.I.).--A tuberous root, yielding about 0.5 per cent. of ether-soluble alkaloids; also assayed biologically. Physicians should specify preparations that have been assayed biologically, since the alkaloidal assay is not a reliable index of activity.
## ACTION AND USES: Slows the pulse and lowers the blood
pressure, but this action in therapeutic doses is uncertain. Used in the treatment of febrile colds; also for counter-irritation, in the form of the tincture. Used also as a local anesthetic, and by some still believed to be useful in the treatment of the symptoms arising from excessive cardiac hypertrophy. Toxic symptoms may occur from local absorption.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.); not used as such.
_Extractum Aconiti (Ext. Aconit.), Extract of Aconite, U.S.P._ (Powdered Extract of Aconite).--Yields about 2 per cent. of ether-soluble alkaloids. Biologically assayed by producing death in the guinea-pig.
DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe extract of aconite should specify the biologically assayed product.
_Fluidextractum Aconiti (Fldext. Aconit.), Fluidextract of Aconite, U.S.P._--Aconite (100%), yielding about 0.5 per cent. of alkaloids. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent. Biologically assayed by producing death in the guinea-pig.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Cc. or 1/2 minim (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe fluidextract of aconite should specify the biologically assayed product. Best to use the tincture.
_Linimentum Aconiti et Chloroformi (Lin. Aconit. et Chlorof.), Liniment of Aconite and Chloroform, N.F._--Fluidextract of aconite (4.5%), in alcohol, chloroform and soap liniment.
*_Tinctura Aconiti (Tr. Aconit.), Tincture of Aconite, U.S.P._ (Aconiti Tinctura, P.I.).--Aconite (10%) yielding about 0.05 per cent. of alkaloids, in alcohol and water. Alkaloidal assay unreliable. Biologically assayed by producing death in the guinea-pig. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Cc. or 5 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians should specify the biologically assayed product.
=*Adeps (Adeps), Lard, U.S.P.=
Insoluble in water, and only slightly soluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Basis for ointments. Used particularly
when absorption is desired.
_*Adeps Benzoinatus (Adeps Benz.), Benzoinated Lard, U.S.P._--Somewhat antiseptic and less liable to rancidity than ordinary lard.
_Unguentum (Ung.), Ointment, U.S.P._ (Simple Ointment).--White wax (20%) and benzoinated lard.
=Adeps Lanae (Adeps Lan.), Wool Fat, U.S.P.= (Anhydrous Lanolin).--Purified wool fat, freed from water.
Insoluble in but miscible with about twice its weight of water; sparingly soluble in cold alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Basis for ointments; because of its
tenacious consistency, should be mixed with some other base.
_*Adeps Lanae Hydrosus (Adeps Lan. Hyd.), Hydrous Wool Fat, U.S.P._ (Lanolin).--Wool fat with about 27 per cent. of water.
USES: Ointment used particularly when absorption through the skin is desired; mixed with white petrolatum or lard.
=Adonis (Adonis), Adonis, N.F.= (Pheasant's Eye).--The plant deprived of its root.
## ACTION AND USES: Cardiac tonic of digitalis group, but
of unreliable activity.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Adonidis (Fldext. Adonid.), Fluidextract of Adonis, N.F._--Adonis (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Cc. or 2 minims (N.F.).
=*Aether (Aether), Ether, U.S.P.=--Contains about 96.5 per cent. of ethyl oxide.
A clear, colorless, very inflammable liquid with a characteristic odor and a burning, sweetish taste. Soluble in water (1:12), and miscible with alcohol, chloroform, petroleum benzin, benzene, and fixed or volatile oils.
## ACTION AND USES: General anesthetic, administered by
inhalation; when administered by mouth, carminative.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims.
_*Spiritus Aetheris (Sp. Aeth.), Spirit of Ether, U.S.P._ (Hoffmann's Drops).--Ether (32.5%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.
USES: Carminative and fugacious indirect circulatory stimulant.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
_Spiritus Aetheris Compositus (Sp. Aether. Co.), Compound Spirit of Ether, N.F._ (Hoffmann's Anodyne).--Ether (32.5%), ethereal oil (2.5%) and alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 60 per cent.
USES: A superfluous modification of spirit of ether.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.)
=Aether Aceticus (Aeth. Acet.), Acetic Ether, N.F.= (Ethyl Acetate).
A colorless, fragrant liquid, with a burning taste.
## ACTION AND USES: Carminative, similar to and without
special advantage over ether. Also used pharmaceutically, as flavoring ingredient.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=*Aether Nitrosus, Nitrous Ether.=--Ethyl nitrite.
_*Spiritus Aetheris Nitrosi (Sp. Aeth. Nitros.), Spirit of Nitrous Ether, U.S.P._ (Sweet Spirit of Nitre).--Ethyl nitrite (about 4%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 92 per cent.
## ACTION AND USES: Popularly used as a weak diuretic
and diaphoretic. Unstable and therefore unreliable. Has the physiologic action of a weak nitrite.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
=Aethylis Carbamas (Aethyl. Carbam.), Ethyl Carbamate, U.S.P.= (Carbamic Acid Ethyl Ester, Urethane, Ethyl Urethane).
Colorless, odorless crystals or scales, with a cooling, saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:0.45) and in alcohol (1:0.8). Incompatible with alkalies, acids and most other chemicals.
## ACTION AND USES: Very mild and relatively harmless
hypnotic.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) in powder, cachets or solution.
=*Aethylis Chloridum (Aethyl. Chlor.), Ethyl Chloride, U.S.P.=--Monochlorethane, CH{3}CH{2}Cl.
A colorless, very volatile liquid, with an agreeable odor and a sweetish, burning taste. The vapor is very inflammable. Slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol and in ether.
## ACTION AND USES: Local anesthetic for minor operations.
Used in the form of a spray to produce intense cold. Has also been used by inhalation as general anesthetic in short operations.
=*Aethylmorphinae Hydrochloridum (Aethylmorph. Hydrochl.), Ethylmorphine Hydrochloride, U.S.P.= (Ethylmorphine Chloride, Dionin).
A white, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Very soluble in water (1:8) and soluble in alcohol (1:22).
## ACTION AND USES: Systemically, intermediate between
those of morphine and codeine. Probably possesses no advantage over codeine. When applied to the eye it causes local hyperemia terminating in acute conjunctival edema.
DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.). Used as 10 per cent. ointment or solution in corneal opacity and similar conditions.
=Agar (Agar), Agar, U.S.P.= (Agar-Agar).--A mucilaginous substance extracted from certain seaweeds.
Nearly white, almost odorless and tasteless strips, shreds or powder, tough when damp, brittle when dry. Insoluble in cold water, but slowly soluble in hot water.
## ACTION AND USES: Passes through the intestinal canal
almost unchanged. Absorbs and retains moisture. Used in chronic constipation with intestinal atony; renders the feces soft and bulky and thus promotes peristalsis.
DOSAGE: 10 Gm. or 2-1/2 drachms (U.S.P.).
=Agaricus (Agaric), Agaric, N.F.= (White Agaric, Larch Agaric).--The fruit body of a fungus.
## ACTION AND USES: Empirical and unreliable remedy for
night sweats of phthisis.
DOSAGE: 0.6 Gm. or 10 grains (N.F.).
=*Alcohol (Alcohol), Alcohol, U.S.P.=--Not less than 92.3 per cent. by weight or 94.9 per cent. by volume of C{2}H{5}OH.
A colorless, volatile, inflammable liquid, with a characteristic odor and burning taste. Freely miscible with water, ether or chloroform.
## ACTION AND USES: Rubefacient, astringent, antiseptic
and by its evaporation a refrigerant. Internally it is a narcotic widely used as a "stimulant" but may do more harm than good.
_Alcohol Dehydratum (Alcohol Dehyd.), Dehydrated Alcohol, U.S.P._ (Alcohol Absolutum, U.S.P. VIII).--Not less than 99 per cent. by weight of C{2}H{5}OH.
A liquid with the same color, odor and taste as alcohol.
_Alcohol Dilutum (Alcohol Dil.), Diluted Alcohol, U.S.P._--About 41.5 per cent. by weight or 49 per cent. by volume of C{2}H{5}OH.
_*Elixir Aromaticum (Elix. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir, U.S.P._ (Simple Elixir).--Compound spirit of orange in syrup, alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.
USES: Diluent and vehicle. The alcohol content of this preparation should not be overlooked.
_Elixir Aromaticum Rubrum (Elix. Arom. Rub.), Red Aromatic Elixir, N.F._ (Red Elixir).--Aromatic elixir colored with cudbear.
USES: Diluent and vehicle.
_Elixir Glycyrrhizae (Elix. Glycyrrh.), Elixir of Glycyrrhiza, U.S.P._ (Elixir Adjuvans, U.S.P. VIII, Elixir of Licorice).--Fluidextract of glycyrrhiza (12.5%) and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.
USES: Diluent and vehicle. The alcohol content should not be overlooked.
_Elixir Glycyrrhizae Aromaticum (Elix. Glycyrrh. Arom.), Aromatic Elixir of Glycyrrhiza, N.F._ (Aromatic Elixir of Licorice).--Fluidextract of glycyrrhiza (12.5%), oil of clove, oil of cassia, oil of myristica, oil of fennel and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 22 per cent.
USES: Flavoring vehicle.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms.
=Aletris (Aletr.), Aletris, N.F.= (Unicorn Root, Colic Root, Star Grass).--Rhizome and root.
## ACTION AND USES: Simple bitter, without advantage over
gentian. Also used in proprietary "female remedies," without good evidence of value.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Aletridis (Fldext. Aletrid.), Fluidextract of Aletris, N.F._--Aletris (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 40 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Allium (Allium), Garlic, N.F.=
## ACTION AND USES: Irritant expectorant; without advantage
over senega, terpin hydrate or asafetida.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Syrupus Allii (Syr. Allii), Syrup of Garlic, N.F._--Garlic (20%) in sugar and diluted acetic acid.
USES: Irritant expectorant.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=*Aloe (Aloe), Aloes, U.S.P.=--The inspissated juice of different species of aloes, yielding Socotrine, Curaçao and Cape aloes, respectively.
## ACTION AND USES: Moderately active cathartic used in
the treatment of chronic constipation. Acts mostly on the large intestine.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), as pills.
_*Extractum Aloes (Ext. Aloes), Extract of Aloes, N.F._ (Powdered Extract of Aloes).--An aqueous extract, 1 Gm. representing 2 Gm. of aloes; diluted with starch. No material advantage over aloes.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (N.F.).
_Pilulae ad Prandium (Pil. ad Prand.), Dinner Pills, N.F._
1. For dinner pills without additional specifications Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches (which see), also called Lady Webster's Pills, should be dispensed.
2. CHAPMAN'S DINNER PILLS, N.F.--Each pill contains aloes and mastic (each 0.097 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains), and ipecac (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), with oil of fennel.
3. COLE'S DINNER PILLS, N.F.--Each pill contains aloes, mass of mercury and jalap (each 0.078 Gm. or 1-1/4 grains), antimony and potassium tartrate (0.0013 Gm. or 1/50 grain) and syrup.
4. HALL'S DINNER PILLS, N.F.--Each pill contains aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) with extract of glycyrrhiza and soap.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes (Pil. Aloes), Pills of Aloes, U.S.P._--Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) with soap.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (U.S.P.).
_Pilulae Aloes et Asafoetidae (Pil. Aloe. et Asafoet.), Pills of Aloes and Asafetida, N.F._--Each pill contains aloes and asafetida (each 0.09 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains) with soap.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (U.S.P.).
_Pilulae Aloes et Ferri (Pil. Aloe. et Ferr.), Pills of Aloes and Iron, N.F._--Each pill contains aloes and exsiccated ferrous sulphate (each 0.07 Gm. or 1-1/6 grains), with aromatic powder and confection of rose.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches (Pil. Aloe. et Mastich.), Pills of Aloes and Mastic, N.F._ (Lady Webster's Dinner Pill).--Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and mastic (0.04 Gm. or 2/3 grain) with red rose.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae (Pil. Aloe. et Myrrh.), Pills of Aloes and Myrrh, N.F._--Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains) and myrrh (0.06 Gm. or 1 grain), with aromatic powder and syrup.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes et Podophylli Compositae (Pil. Aloe. et Podoph. Co.), Compound Pills of Aloes and Podophyllum, N.F._ (Janeway's Pills).--Each pill contains aloes (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain), resin of podophyllum (0.0325 Gm. or 1/2 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves and extract of nux vomica (each 0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain).
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes, Hydrargyri et Podophylli (Pil. Aloe. Hydrarg. et Podoph.), Pills of Aloes, Mercury and Podophyllum, N.F._ (Pilulae Triplices, N.F. III, Triplex Pills, Pilula Triplex).--Each pill contains aloes (0.13 Gm. or 2 grains), mass of mercury (0.065 Gm. or 1 grain) and resin of podophyllum (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain). These pills should not be taken habitually.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloes, Hydrargyri et Scammonii Compositae (Pil. Aloe. Hydrarg. et Scammon Co.), Compound Pills of Aloes, Mercury and Scammony, N.F._ (Francis' Triplex Pills).--Each pill contains aloes, resin of scammony and mass of mercury (each 0.055 Gm. or 7/8 grain), croton oil (0.0032 Cc. or 1/20 minim), oil of caraway (0.016 Cc. or 1/4 minim) and tincture of aloes and myrrh. Should not be taken habitually.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pulvis Aloes et Canellae (Pulv. Aloe. et Canell.), Powder of Aloes and Canella, N.F._ (Hiera Picra).--Aloes (80%) and canella.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).
_Tinctura Aloes (Tr. Aloes), Tincture of Aloes, U.S.P._--Aloes (10%) and glycyrrhiza in diluted alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 47 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae (Tr. Aloe. et Myrrh.), Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh, N.F._--Represents aloes and myrrh (each 10%) and glycyrrhiza in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
USES: Disagreeable cathartic.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=*Aloinum (Aloin.), Aloin, U.S.P.=--Obtained from aloes.
A yellow, odorless, intensely bitter powder. Slightly soluble in water and soluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of aloes; is more
easily absorbed, and has sometimes produced renal irritation.
DOSAGE: 0.015 Gm. or 1/4 grain (U.S.P.), as pills. In chronic constipation, frequently given in doses of from 0.006 Gm. to 0.02 Gm., or 1/12 to 1/3 grain in combination with extract of belladonna and strychnine.
_Pilulae Aloini Compositae (Pil. Aloin. Co.), Compound Pills of Aloin, N.F._--Each pill contains aloin (0.0325 Gm. or 1/2 grain), resin of podophyllum (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain), and pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.016 Gm. or 1/4 grain).
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloini, Strychninae et Belladonnae (Pil. A.S. et B.), Pills of Aloin, Strychnine and Belladonna, N.F._--Each pill contains aloin (0.013 Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine (0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain) and pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain).
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Aloini, Strychninae et Belladonnae Compositae (Pil. A.S. et B. Co.), Compound Pills of Aloin, Strychnine and Belladonna, N.F._--Each pill contains aloin (0.013 Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine (0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain) and extract of cascara sagrada (0.0325 Gm. or 1/2 grain).
USES: Needlessly complex mixture.
DOSAGE: 1 pill (N.F.).
_Pilulae Laxativae Compositae (Pil. Lax. Co.), Compound Laxative Pills, N.F._--Each pill contains aloin (0.013 Gm. or 1/5 grain), strychnine (0.5 mg. or 1/120 grain), pilular extract of belladonna leaves (0.008 Gm. or 1/8 grain) and ipecac (0.004 Gm. or 1/15 grain) with glycyrrhiza and syrup.
USES: Complex and superfluous preparation of aloin.
DOSAGE: 2 pills (N.F.).
=Althaea (Althaea), Althaea, U.S.P.= (Marsh Mallow Root).
## ACTION AND USES: Demulcent and emollient; without
advantages over other drugs of the same kind, such as chondrus, tragacanth, slippery elm and flaxseed.
_Species Pectorales (Spec. Pect.), Pectoral Species, N.F._ (Species ad Infusum Pectorale, Breast Tea).--Althaea, coltsfoot, glycyrrhiza, anise, mullein flowers and orris root.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (N.F.).
_Syrupus Althaeae (Syr. Althae.), Syrup of Althaea, N.F._--Althaea (5%) with alcohol, glycerin and sugar in water. Absolute alcohol content about 2.5 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Althaeae Folia (Althae. Fol.), Althaea Leaves, N.F.= (Marsh Mallow Leaves).
## ACTION AND USES: Domestic demulcent and emollient;
inferior for internal use to gums and for poultices to flaxseed.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.).
_Species Emollientes (Spec. Emoll.), Emollient Species, N.F._ (Emollient Cataplasm).--Althaea leaves, mallow leaves, melilot, matricaria and flaxseed. Emollient poultice is made by adding a suitable quantity of hot water to this powder.
=*Alumen (Alum.), Alum, U.S.P.=--AlNH{4}(SO{4}){2} + 12H{2}O or AlK(SO{4}){2} + 12H{2}O. (The physician may indicate whether ammonium alum or potassium alum is desired.)
Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and possessing a strongly astringent taste. Ammonium alum is somewhat less soluble in water than is potassium alum, which is freely soluble in water (1:7.2); both are insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Astringent, styptic and hemostatic.
Seldom administered internally.
DOSAGE: As a gargle, in from 1 to 5 per cent. solution (somewhat injurious to the teeth); as an injection in gonorrhea, in from 0.5 to 1 per cent. solution; as a lotion in skin diseases, in 1 per cent. solution.
_*Alumen Exsiccatum (Alum. Exsic.), Exsiccated Alum, U.S.P._ (Alumen Ustum, Dried Alum, Burnt Alum).--Anhydrous AlNH{4}(SO{4}){2} or anhydrous AlK(SO{4}){2}. (The composition of the desired salt may be indicated.)
White, odorless powder, with an astringent taste. Very slowly soluble in water (1:14); insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Used externally like alum, being more
escharotic.
=*Alumini Acetas, Aluminum Acetate.=--Normal aluminum acetate, Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){3}.
_Liquor Alumini Acetatis (Liq. Alumin. Acet.), Solution of Aluminum Acetate, N.F._ (Liquor Burowii, Burow's Solution).--Contains normal aluminum acetate, Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){3} (about 5%).
USES: Popular astringent wash.
DOSAGE: Usually diluted with 15 parts of water
=Alumini Acetico-Tartras, Aluminum Acetico-Tartrate.=
_Liquor Alumini Acetico-Tartratis (Liq. Alumin. Acet.-Tart.), Solution of Aluminum Acetico-Tartrate, N.F._--A solution of aluminum acetate and tartrate obtained by dissolving aluminum hydroxide in a mixture of acetic and tartaric acids.
=Alumini Chloridum (Alum. Chlor.), Aluminum Chloride, N.F.=--AlCl{3} + 6H{2}O.
A nearly white deliquescent powder, with a sweetish, astringent taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1) and in alcohol (1:3).
## ACTION AND USES: Antiseptic and astringent, without
advantage over alum.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (N.F.).
=Alumini Hydroxidum (Alum. Hydrox.), Aluminum Hydroxide, U.S.P.=--Al(OH){3}.
A white, bulky, odorless and tasteless powder. Insoluble in water and in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Mild astringent and desiccant, sometimes
used as a dusting powder.
=Alumini Subacetas, Aluminum Subacetate.=--Basic aluminum acetate, Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){2}OH.
_*Liquor Alumini Subacetatis (Liq. Alumin. Subacet.), Solution of Aluminum Subacetate, N.F._ (Liquor Alumini Acetatis, N.F. III).--Contains basic aluminum acetate, Al(C{2}H{3}O{2}){2}OH (about 8%).
USES: Astringent wash.
DOSAGE: Usually diluted with ten parts of water.
=Alumini Sulphas (Alum. Sulph.), Aluminum Sulphate, N.F.=--Al{2}(SO{4}){3} + 16H{2}O.
A white, odorless powder, with an astringent taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1), but insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Similar to and without advantage
over alum.
=*Ammonia (NH{3}).=
_*Aqua Ammoniae (Aq. Ammon.), Ammonia Water, U.S.P._--NH{3} (about 10%) in water.
A liquid with a strong odor and a caustic, soapy taste. Loses NH{3} readily. Miscible with water or alcohol.
USES: Local irritant and antacid, preferably as a liniment. Fugacious indirect circulatory and respiratory stimulant.
_Aqua Ammoniae Fortior (Aq. Ammon. Fort.), Stronger Ammonia Water, U.S.P._--NH{3} (about 28%) in water.
Loses NH{3} very readily. Miscible with water or alcohol.
_*Linimentum Ammoniae (Lin. Ammon.), Ammonia Liniment, U.S.P._ (Volatile Liniment, Hartshorn Liniment).--Ammonia water (25%) in sesame oil.
USES: Popularly used as counterirritant.
_Lotio Ammoniacalis Camphorata (Lot. Ammon. Camph.), Ammoniated Camphor Wash, N.F._ (Aqua Sedativa, N.F. III, Sedative Water, Eau Sédative de Raspail).--Ammonia water (6%) and spirit of camphor (1%), in sodium chloride and water.
USES: Counterirritant.
_Spiritus Ammoniae Anisatus (Sp. Ammon. Anis.), Anisated Spirit of Ammonia, N.F._ (Liquor Ammoniae Anisatus, Anisated Solution of Ammonia).--Ammonia water (20%) with anethol, in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 70 per cent.
USES: Aromatic carminative preparation.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=Ammonii Acetas, Ammonium Acetate.=--NH{4}C{2}H{3}O{2}.
_Liquor Ammonii Acetatis (Liq. Ammon. Acet.), Solution of Ammonium Acetate, U.S.P._ (Spirit of Mindererus).--Contains NH{4}C{2}H{3}O{2} (not less than 7%).
USES: Diaphoretic and diuretic in fevers; of doubtful value.
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis (Liq. Ferr. et Ammon. Acet.), Solution of Iron and Ammonium Acetate, U.S.P._ (Basham's Mixture).
USES: An antiquated preparation, without the special advantages generally ascribed to it. Iron and acetates are better prescribed separately.
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
=Ammonii Benzoas (Ammon. Benz.), Ammonium Benzoate, U.S.P.=
A white, odorless or nearly odorless powder, with a bitterish taste. Very soluble in water (1:10) and soluble in alcohol (1:35). Incompatible with acids, fixed alkalies and ferric salts.
## ACTION AND USES: Resembles sodium benzoate in its
## action but is more irritant and has no advantage over it.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.), in solution
=Ammonii Bromidum (Ammon. Brom.), Ammonium Bromide, U.S.P.=--NH{4}Br.
A white, odorless powder with a pungent saline taste. Incompatible with nitrous ether.
## ACTION AND USES: Those of the bromides; more irritant
than potassium bromide, over which it has no advantage.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.) in solution.
_Elixir Ammonii Bromidi (Elix. Ammon. Brom.), Elixir of Ammonium Bromide, N.F._--Ammonium bromide (8.5%), syrup, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 5 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.
_Elixir Trium Bromidorum (Elix. Tri. Brom.), Elixir of Three Bromides, N.F._--Ammonium bromide, potassium bromide and sodium bromide (each 8%), with cudbear and compound elixir of almond. Absolute alcohol content about 4 per cent.
USES: An irrational bromide mixture, as there is no good evidence that the bases influence the bromide action materially.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=*Ammonii Carbonas (Ammon. Carb.), Ammonium Carbonate, U.S.P.=--A mixture of ammonium bicarbonate and ammonium carbamate, yielding about 31 per cent. of NH{3}.
White, hard, translucent masses, with a strong ammoniacal odor and a sharp, ammoniacal taste. Very soluble in water; alcohol dissolves the carbamate and leaves the bicarbonate.
## ACTION AND USES: Alkaline and nauseant liquefying
expectorant used in cough mixtures; also as reflex "diffusible" stimulant in smelling salts.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.) in solution.
_Mistura Pectoralis Stokes (Mist. Pect. Stokes), Stokes' Expectorant, N.F._--Ammonium carbonate (1.75%), fluidextracts of senega and squill (each 3.5%), camphorated tincture of opium (17.5%), water and syrup of tolu. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.
USES: Irrational expectorant mixture.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_*Spiritus Ammoniae Aromaticus (Sp. Ammon. Arom.), Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia, U.S.P._--Ammonium carbonate (3.4%), ammonia water (9%) and oils of lemon, lavender and myristica in alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 68 per cent.
USES: Useful aromatic alkali and carminative in flatulence, colic, etc.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
=*Ammonii Chloridum (Ammon. Chlor.), Ammonium Chloride, U.S.P.=--NH{4}Cl.
A white, odorless powder, with a saline taste. Freely soluble in water (1:2.6) and soluble in alcohol (1:100).
## ACTION AND USES: Liquefying expectorant; used in cough