Part 4
=Bismuthi et Ammonii Citras (Bism. et Ammon. Cit.), Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate, U.S.P.= (Bismuth Ammoniocitrate).
Shining, pearly or translucent, odorless scales or white powder, with a metallic taste. Very soluble in water and sparingly soluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Somewhat astringent and irritating;
should not be used as a substitute for the insoluble salts of bismuth. Its use in "bismuth elixirs" is irrational.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).
=Bismuthi et Sodii Tartras, Bismuth and Sodium Tartrate.=
USES: An irrational method of administering bismuth.
_Elixir Bismuthi (Elix. Bismuth.), Elixir of Bismuth, N.F._--Glycerite of bismuth (12.5%), in glycerin, water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 10 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Bismuthi (Elix. Cinchon. Ferr. et Bism.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Bismuth, N.F._ (Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Bismuthi, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Alkaloidal, with Iron and Bismuth).--Glycerite of bismuth (6.5%), elixir of cinchona, alkaloids and iron (about 87%) and water. Absolute alcohol content about 17 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Glyceritum Bismuthi (Glycer. Bismuth.), Glycerite of Bismuth, N.F._--A solution of bismuth and sodium tartrate.
_Liquor Bismuthi (Liq. Bism.), Solution of Bismuth, N.F._--Glycerite of bismuth (12.5%), in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. (N.F.).
=Bismuthi Oxidum, Bismuth Oxide.=
_Magma Bismuthi (Magma Bism.), Bismuth Magma, U.S.P._ (Milk of Bismuth).--A suspension in water of bismuth hydroxide and bismuth subcarbonate, forming a thick, white opaque liquid.
USES: Used similarly to bismuth subcarbonate, over which it has no advantage.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.).
=*Bismuthi Subcarbonas (Bism. Subcarb.), Bismuth Subcarbonate, U.S.P.=--Of varying chemical composition.
White or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Used like other insoluble salts of
bismuth as a protective and healing agent against wounds, diarrheas, etc., and in x-ray work.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) in powders or cachets or in suspension (best form)
=*Bismuthi Subgallas (Bism. Subgall.), Bismuth Subgallate, U.S.P.= (Dermatol).--A basic bismuth gallate of varying chemical composition.
Bright yellow, odorless, tasteless powder. Insoluble in water or alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Similar to those of bismuth subcarbonate,
over which it has no advantage.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
=*Bismuthi Subnitras (Bism. Subnit.), Bismuth Subnitrate, U.S.P.=--Basic bismuth nitrate of varying chemical composition.
A heavy, white, odorless, almost tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. In aqueous mixtures, incompatible with alkali carbonates because of the liberation of nitric acid.
## ACTION AND USES: Somewhat more astringent than the
subcarbonate, because of the liberation of nitric acid.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.). Preferably administered as a powder or as cachets.
=Bismuthi Subsalicylas (Bism. Subsalicyl.), Bismuth Subsalicylate, U.S.P.=--Basic bismuth salicylate, of varying chemical composition.
A white or nearly white, odorless, tasteless powder. Almost insoluble in water or alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Protective and astringent like other
insoluble salts of bismuth, over which it has no marked advantage.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.).
=Boldo (Boldo), Boldo, N.F.= (Boldo Leaves).
## ACTION AND USES: Aromatic, perhaps somewhat diuretic.
No well defined indications for its use.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).
_Fluidextractum Boldi (Fldext. Boldi), Fluidextract of Boldo, N.F._--Boldo (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (N.F.).
=Brayera (Brayer.), Brayera, N.F.= (Kousso, Cusso).--Flowers.
## ACTION AND USES: Teniacide; without advantage over
aspidium or pelletierine.
DOSAGE: 15 Gm. or 4 drachms (N.F.).
_Infusum Brayerae (Inf. Brayer.), Infusion of Brayera, N.F._--Brayera (6%) in water.
DOSAGE: 250 Cc. or 8 fluidounces (N.F.).
=Bromoformum (Bromof.), Bromoform, U.S.P.=--CHBr{3}.
A heavy, clear, colorless liquid, with an ethereal odor and a sweet taste resembling that of chloroform. Slightly soluble in water and miscible with alcohol, chloroform, ether or fixed or volatile oils.
## ACTION AND USES: Has been recommended as a sedative
in the treatment of whooping-cough. Opinions differ as to its value.
DOSAGE: 0.2 Cc. or 3 minims (U.S.P.), preferably dissolved in almond oil or dropped on sugar. Bromoform is too dense to be dispensed safely with aqueous vehicles.
=Bromum (Bromum), Bromine, N.F.=--Br.
Heavy, dark, brownish-red, volatile liquid, with a suffocating odor resembling that of chlorine. Soluble in water (1:90) and freely soluble in alcohol or ether.
## ACTION AND USES: Violent irritant; seldom used in
medicine.
_Liquor Bromi (Liq. Brom.), Solution of Bromine, N.F._, (Smith's Solution of Bromine).--Bromine (8.3%), potassium bromide and water.
USES: Antiseptic and irritant
=Bryonia (Bryon.), Bryonia, N.F.= (Bryony).--Root.
## ACTION AND USES: Drastic resinous cathartic; without
advantage over jalap. Used in dropsies, pleurisy, neuralgia, etc.; of doubtful value.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Tinctura Bryoniae (Tr. Bryon.), Tincture of Bryonia, N.F._--Bryonia (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Buchu (Buchu), Buchu, U.S.P.= (Buchu Leaves, Short Buchu, Long Buchu).
## ACTION AND USES: At one time largely used as antiseptic
and diuretic, especially in catarrhal cystitis. Value doubtful.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.).
_Elixir Buchu (Elix. Buchu), Elixir of Buchu, N.F._--Fluidextract of buchu (12.5%) in alcohol and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 35 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.
_Elixir Buchu Compositum (Elix. Buchu Co.), Compound Elixir of Buchu, N.F._--Compound fluidextract of buchu (25%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.
_Elixir Buchu et Potassii Acetatis (Elix. Buchu et Pot. Acet.), Elixir of Buchu and Potassium Acetate, N.F._--Potassium acetate (8.5%) and elixir of buchu. Absolute alcohol content about 30 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm.
_Fluidextractum Buchu (Fldext. Buchu), Fluidextract of Buchu, U.S.P._--Buchu (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (U.S.P.).
_Fluidextractum Buchu Compositum (Fldext. Buchu Co.), Compound Fluidextract of Buchu, N.F._--Buchu (62.5%), cubeb, juniper and uva ursi (each 12.5%). Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
USES: A needlessly complex diuretic mixture.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Cacao Praeparata (Cacao Praep.), Cocoa, N.F.= (Prepared Cacao, Soluble Cocoa).
## ACTION AND USES: Beverage and flavor
=Cactus Grandiflorus (Cact. Grand.), Cactus Grandiflorus, N.F.= (Night Blooming Cereus).--Fresh stems.
## ACTION AND USES: Used in neurotic heart disturbances;
results probably imaginary. Drug apparently inactive.
_Tinctura Cacti Grandiflori (Tr. Cact. Grand.), Tincture of Cactus Grandiflorus, N.F._--Cactus grandiflorus (50%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (N.F.).
=*Caffeina (Caffein.), Caffeine, U.S.P.= (Theine).--An alkaloid obtained from coffee or tea.
White, silky, efflorescent needles, odorless and bitter. Soluble in water (1:46) and in alcohol (1:66).
## ACTION AND USES: Diuretic; cardiac, respiratory and
psychic stimulant. Used as a nerve stimulant in poisoning by narcotic drugs and for the relief of headache. Widely used to combat the circulatory depression of the acute infectious diseases but its value in such conditions is uncertain. As a diuretic probably inferior to theobromine.
DOSAGE: 0.15 Gm. or 2-1/2 grains (U.S.P.), in capsules.
_Caffeina Citrata (Caffein Cit.), Citrated Caffeine, U.S.P._--Caffeine and citric acid equal parts.
White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter, acid taste.
DOSAGE: 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.), in solution or capsules.
_Caffeina Citrata Effervescens (Caff. Cit. Eff.), Effervescent Citrated Caffeine, U.S.P._--Contains anhydrous caffeine (about 2%), with sodium tartrate and citrate.
DOSAGE: 4 Gm. or 1 drachm (U.S.P.) in water.
=*Caffeinae Sodio-Benzoas (Caff. Sod. Benz.), Caffeine Sodio-Benzoate, U.S.P.=--Caffeine and sodium benzoate about equal parts.
White, odorless powder, with a slightly bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:1.1) and soluble in alcohol (1:30); partly soluble in chloroform.
## ACTION AND USES: The form of caffeine usually employed
for hypodermic administration, since it is freely soluble.
DOSAGE: By mouth, 0.3 Gm. or 5 grains (U.S.P.); hypodermic, 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.).
=Caffeinae Sodio-Salicylas (Caff. Sod. Salicyl.), Caffeine Sodio-Salicylate, N.F.=--Represents equal parts of caffeine and sodium salicylate.
White, odorless powder. Freely soluble in water (1:2).
DOSAGE: 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (N.F.)
=Calamina Praeparata (Calamin. Praep.), Prepared Calamine, N.F.= (Lapis Calaminaris).--Native zinc carbonate.
A pink powder. Insoluble in water.
## ACTION AND USES: Protective, similar to zinc oxide,
over which it has no therapeutic advantage; has the cosmetic advantage of being slightly pink.
_Unguentum Calaminae (Ung. Calamin.), Calamine Ointment, N.F._, (Unguentum Zinci Carbonatis Crudi, Unguentum Calaminare, Turner's Cerate).--Prepared calamine (17%) in ointment.
=Calcii Bromidum (Calc. Brom.), Calcium Bromide, U.S.P.=--Hydrated calcium bromide (not less than 84 per cent. of CaBr{2}).
A white, odorless, deliquescent powder, with a sharp, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.7) and in alcohol (1:1.3). Incompatible with alkali carbonates and phosphates.
## ACTION AND USES: Similar to but more irritant than
sodium bromide, over which it has ordinarily no advantage, although the calcium perhaps increases the sedative action.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains, preferably administered in aqueous solutions, being too deliquescent for use in powder or cachets.
_Elixir Calcii Bromidi (Elix. Calc. Brom.), Elixir of Calcium Bromide, N.F._--Calcium bromide (8.5%) diluted hydrobromic acid (0.4%), syrup, distilled water and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=*Calcii Carbonas Praecipitatus (Calc. Carb. Praec.), Precipitated Calcium Carbonate, U.S.P.= (Precipitated Chalk).--CaCO{3}.
A fine, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Nearly insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol. Decomposed by acids with evolution of carbon dioxide.
## ACTION AND USES: Chiefly used as a basis for tooth
powder. Internally, employed as an antacid in diarrheas, etc.; externally in mixtures with cream or oil, has been used as an application to burns as an antacid and protective.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (U.S.P.), as powder or in suspension
=*Calcii Chloridum (Calc. Chlor.), Calcium Chloride, U.S.P.=--Hydrated calcium chloride (not less than 75 per cent. of CaCl{2}).
White, hard, deliquescent, odorless masses or granules, with a sharp, saline taste. Very soluble in water (1:0.62), and freely soluble in alcohol (1:10).
## ACTION AND USES: Used for the oral administration of
calcium. Employed in hemorrhagic conditions, in which it is probably useless. Has also been advised in inflammatory conditions of the skin and mucous membranes (urticaria, serum-rashes, hay-fever, etc.).
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.
=Calcii Glycerophosphas (Calc. Glycerophos.), Calcium Glycerophosphate, U.S.P.= (Calcium Glycerinophosphate).--CaC{3}H{7}O{6}P.
White, odorless, almost tasteless powder. Soluble in water (1:50) and insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Formerly believed to be a tonic, and
used especially in neurasthenia, to improve the nutrition of the nervous system. There is no reliable evidence that it has any value.
DOSAGE: 0.25 Gm. or 4 grains (U.S.P.), in solution.
_Elixir Calcii et Sodii Glycerophosphatum (Elix. Calc. et Sod. Glycerophos.), Elixir of Calcium and Sodium Glycerophosphates, N.F._ (Elixir Glycerophosphatum N.F. III).--Solution of sodium glycerophosphate (2.5%), calcium glycerophosphate (0.875%), phosphoric acid (0.8%), in glycerin, aromatic elixir and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 7 per cent.
USES: An irrational and inefficient "tonic" mixture.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Calcii Hypophosphis (Calc. Hypophos.), Calcium Hypophosphite, U.S.P.=--Ca(PH{2}O{2}){2}.
Colorless crystals or white powder, odorless and having a nauseous, bitter taste. Freely soluble in water (1:6.5) and insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: The hypophosphites were introduced
as of special value in tuberculosis; later they were used as general reconstructive tonics, but there is no experimental or reliable clinical evidence that the hypophosphite radical has any value as such. Calcium hypophosphite must be regarded merely as a means of administering calcium.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.) in syrups.
_Elixir Calcii Hypophosphitis (Elix. Calc. Hypophos.), Elixir of Calcium Hypophosphite, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%) in aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 20 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Elixir Hypophosphitum (Elix. Hypophos.), Elixir of Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (5.25%), sodium hypophosphite and potassium hypophosphite (each 1.75%) in water, glycerin, compound spirit of cardamom and aromatic elixir. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Elixir Hypophosphitum et Ferri._--See under =Ferri Hypophosphis=.
_Liquor Hypophosphitum (Liq. Hypophos.), Solution of Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%), sodium hypophosphite (2%) and potassium hypophosphite (1.75%) in water.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Liquor Hypophosphitum Compositus (Liq. Hypophos. Co.), Compound Solution of Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite and potassium hypophosphite (each 0.85%), sodium hypophosphite (0.22%), ferric hypophosphite (0.44%) and manganese hypophosphite (0.22%), quinine hypophosphite (0.22%), strychnine hypophosphite (0.007%) and potassium citrate in orange flower water, glycerin and water.
USES: Complex and irrational mixture.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Syrupus Calcii et Sodii Hypophosphitum (Syr. Calc. et Sod. Hypophos.), Syrup of Calcium and Sodium Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 3.5%), in sugar and water.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm. (N.F.).
_Syrupus Calcii Hypophosphitis (Syr. Calc. Hypophos.), Syrup of Calcium Hypophosphite, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%) in sugar and water.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
_Syrupus Hypophosphitum (Syr. Hypophos.), Syrup of Hypophosphites, U.S.P._--Calcium hypophosphite (4.5%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.5%) in glycerin and syrup.
DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositus (Syr. Hypophos. Co.), Compound Syrup of Hypophosphites, N.F._--Calcium hypophosphite (3.5%), potassium hypophosphite and sodium hypophosphite (each 1.75%), ferric hypophosphite and manganese hypophosphite (each 0.225%), quinine (0.11%), strychnine hypophosphite (0.0123%) and sodium citrate (0.375%) in glycerin and syrup.
USES: Antiquated, complex and irrational "tonic."
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
=Calcii Iodidum, Calcium Iodide.=
_Syrupus Calcii Iodidi (Syr. Calc. Iodid.), Syrup of Calcium Iodide, N.F._--Represents calcium iodide (8.75%) in syrup.
USES: Superfluous, whether regarded as a calcium preparation or as an iodide preparation.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims
=*Calcii Lactas (Calc. Lact.), Calcium Lactate, U.S.P.=--Ca(C{3}H{5}O{3}){2} + 5H{2}O.
White, odorless, practically tasteless masses or powder. Soluble in water (1:20) and almost insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Used for the characteristic action of
calcium; less irritating and therefore better adapted to hypodermic administration than calcium chloride (which see).
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (U.S.P.), in solution
=Calcii Lactophosphas (Calc. Lactophos.), Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F.=--A mixture of calcium lactate and calcium acid lactate with calcium acid phosphate.
White, odorless powder. Soluble in water; almost insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Similar to but without advantage
over the lactate. Not adapted to hypodermic use.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Gm. or 8 grains (N.F.).
_Elixir Calcii Lactophosphatis (Elix. Calc. Lactophos.), Elixir of Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F._--Calcium lactophosphate (3%) in compound spirit of orange, syrup, alcohol and distilled water. Absolute alcohol content about 19 per cent. Small and probably inefficient quantities of calcium.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Elixir Cinchonae Alkaloidorum, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis (Elix. Cinchon., Ferr. et Calc. Lactophos.), Elixir of Cinchona Alkaloids, Iron and Calcium Lactophosphate, N.F._--(Elixir Cinchonae, Ferri et Calcii Lactophosphatis, N.F. III, Elixir of Calisaya, Iron and Lactophosphate of Lime).--Syrup of calcium lactophosphate (50%), potassium citrate (3%) and elixir of cinchona alkaloids and iron. Absolute alcohol content about 12 per cent.
USES: An irrational mixture, supposed to present seven
## active ingredients.
DOSAGE: 8 Cc. or 2 fluidrachms (N.F.).
_Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis (Syr. Calc. Lactophos.), Syrup of Calcium Lactophosphate, U.S.P._--Made by dissolving precipitated calcium carbonate (2.5%) in lactic acid (6%), phosphoric acid (3.6%) and a syrup containing orange flower water.
DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis et Ferri (Syr. Calc. Lactophos. et Ferr.), Syrup of Calcium Lactophosphate and Iron, N.F._--Ferrous lactate and potassium citrate (each 0.85%) and syrup of calcium lactophosphate (about 99%).
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Calcii Phosphas Praecipitatus (Calc. Phos. Praec.), Precipitated Calcium Phosphate, N.F.=--Ca{3}(PO{4}){2}.
A bulky, white, odorless, tasteless powder. Practically insoluble in water and insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Precipitated calcium phosphate has
been given in the form of powders or mixtures for its
## action as a calcium salt, which is similar to but without
advantage over the action of the carbonate. Because of its insolubility it is now seldom used.
USES: Similar to but without advantage over the carbonate.
DOSAGE: 1 Gm. or 15 grains (N.F.).
_Syrupus Calcii Hydrochlorophosphatis (Syr. Calc. Hydrochlorophos.), Syrup of Calcium Hydrochlorophosphate, N.F._ (Syrupus Calcii Chlorhydrophosphatis, N.F. III).--Precipitated calcium phosphate (1.75%) flavored with tincture of lemon peel and dissolved in hydrochloric acid, water and syrup.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (N.F.).
=Calcii Sulphidum Crudum (Calc. Sulphid. Crud.), Crude Calcium Sulphide, U.S.P.= (Calx Sulphurata, U.S.P. VIII, Sulphurated Lime).--CaS (not less than 55%).
A pale gray or yellowish powder, with a faint hydrogen sulphide odor and a nauseous, alkaline taste. Very slightly soluble in cold water, insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Externally, depilatory similar to
barium sulphide. Internally has been used to arrest and prevent suppuration especially in boils, carbuncles and pustular acne. There is no reliable evidence of its therapeutic usefulness.
DOSAGE: 0.06 Gm. or 1 grain (U.S.P.), in solution.
_Liquor Calcis Sulphuratae (Liq. Calc. Sulphurat.), Solution of Sulphurated Lime, N.F._ (Solution of Oxysulphuret of Calcium, Fleming's Solution, Vleminckx' Solution, Vleminckx' Lotion).--A solution of calcium polysulphides and calcium thiosulphate produced by boiling together lime, sulphur and water.
USES: Depilatory.
=Calendula (Calend.), Calendula, N.F.= (Marigold, Calendula Flowers).
## ACTION AND USES: Locally, mild irritant, without material
advantage over diluted alcohol. Internally, no definite indications for its use.
_Fluidextractum Calendulae (Fldext. Calend.), Fluidextract of Calendula, N.F._--Calendula (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
_Tinctura Calendulae (Tr. Calend.), Tincture of Calendula, N.F._--Calendula (20%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.
=Calumba (Calumb.), Calumba, U.S.P.= (Columba, Columbo, Colombo).--A root.
## ACTION AND USES: Used as a simple bitter and stomachic.
It appears to have no advantage over other bitters, for instance, gentian.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (U.S.P.); usually given in the form of the tincture.
_Fluidextractum Calumbae (Fldext. Calumb.), Fluidextract of Calumba, N.F._--Calumba (100%). Absolute alcohol content about 65 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
_Tinctura Calumbae (Tr. Calumb.), Tincture of Calumba, U.S.P._--Calumba (20%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 55 per cent.
DOSAGE: 4 Cc. or 1 fluidrachm (U.S.P.)
=*Calx (Calx), Calcium Oxide, U.S.P.= (Lime, Quicklime).--CaO.
Hard, white, odorless masses with a caustic taste, forming with water calcium hydroxide, which is slightly soluble in water (1:84), insoluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: As liquor calcis (an aqueous solution
of calcium hydroxide), used as an antacid and mild alkali. As milk of lime (a mixture of calcium hydroxide and water), frequently used as a disinfectant.
_*Linimentum Calcis (Lin. Calc.), Lime Liniment, U.S.P._ (Carron Oil).--Lime water (50%) and linseed oil.
USES: Topical application, used especially for burns.
_*Liquor Calcis (Liq. Calc.), Solution of Calcium Hydroxide, U.S.P._ (Lime Water).--Ca(OH){2} (not less than 0.14%).
DOSAGE: 15 Cc. or 4 fluidrachms.
=*Calx Chlorinata (Calx Chlorin.), Chlorinated Lime, U.S.P.= ("Chloride of Lime").--A compound of calcium chloride and hypochlorite containing not less than 30 per cent. of available chlorine.
A white or grayish-white powder having a chlorine-like odor and a repulsive saline taste. Partially soluble in water or alcohol. Decomposed by acids with liberation of chlorine.
## ACTION AND USES: Disinfectant, especially for excreta.
Should be used liberally and left in contact for at least one hour. Widely used for treating contaminated drinking water.
=Cambogia (Cambog.), Gamboge, U.S.P.= (Pipe Gamboge).--A gum resin.
Odorless, grayish-orange-brown pieces or bright yellow powder, with a very acrid taste. Not less than 65 per cent. soluble in alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: A powerful irritant hydragogue
cathartic; not often employed alone. Usually administered in combination with other drugs.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.), in pills.
=*Camphora (Camph.), Camphor, U.S.P.=--A volatile solid obtained from the camphor tree.
Tough, white, translucent masses with a pungent odor and taste. Slightly soluble in water and freely soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether and fixed or volatile oils.
## ACTION AND USES: Used hypodermically to stimulate the
circulation and respiration in collapse. Opinions are divided as to its efficiency. Locally, applied as a mild irritant and antiseptic.
DOSAGE: By mouth 0.2 Gm. or 3 grains (U.S.P.). Hypodermic, 0.1 Gm. or 1-1/2 grains (U.S.P.), as 10 per cent. solution in oil.
_*Aqua Camphorae (Aq. Camph.), Camphor Water, U.S.P._--A saturated solution of camphor in water.
DOSAGE: 10 Cc. or 2-1/2 fluidrachms (U.S.P.).
_Ceratum Camphorae (Cerat. Camph.), Camphor Cerate, N.F._--Camphor (2%), with cottonseed oil, white wax, white petrolatum and benzoinated lard.
_Emplastrum Fuscum Camphoratum (Emp. Fusc. Camph.), Camphorated Brown Plaster, N.F._ (Camphorated Motherplaster).--Camphor (1%), red oxide of lead, olive oil and yellow wax.
_*Linimentum Camphorae (Lin. Camph.), Camphor Liniment, U.S.P._ (Camphorated Oil).--Camphor (20%) in cottonseed oil.
USES: Mild counterirritant. Note: This preparation, as found in drug stores, should never be used hypodermically.
_Mistura Camphora Acida._--See under =Opium=.
_Mistura Camphorae Aromatica._--See under =Oleum Lavandulae=.
_*Spiritus Camphorae (Sp. Camph.), Spirit of Camphor, U.S.P._--Camphor (10%), in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.
DOSAGE: 1 Cc. or 15 minims (U.S.P.).
_Unguentum Camphorae (Ung. Camph.), Camphor Ointment, N.F._--Camphor (22%) in white wax and lard.
_Unguentum Fuscum (Ung. Fusc.), Brown Ointment, N.F._ (Unguentum Matris, Mother's Salve).--Camphorated brown plaster (50%) olive oil and prepared suet.
=Camphora Monobromata (Camph. Monobrom.), Monobromated Camphor, U.S.P.=
Colorless crystals or white powder, with a mild camphoraceous odor and taste. Freely soluble in alcohol (1:6.5); almost insoluble in water.
## ACTION AND USES: Formerly recommended as a sedative
and hypnotic but now seldom used. Value doubtful.
DOSAGE: 0.125 Gm. or 2 grains (U.S.P.).
=Canella (Canell.), Canella, N.F.=--A bark.
## ACTION AND USES: Obsolete aromatic bitter, without
advantage over gentian.
DOSAGE: 2 Gm. or 30 grains (N.F.)
=Cannabis (Cannab.), Cannabis, U.S.P.= (Cannabis Indica, U.S.P. VIII).--Flowering tops of _Cannabis sativa_ (or var. _indica_).
## ACTION AND USES: A narcotic poison, producing a mild
delirium. Used in sedative mixtures, but of doubtful value. Also employed to color corn remedies.
_Extractum Cannabis (Ext. Cannab.), Extract of Cannabis, U.S.P._--Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs.
DOSAGE: 0.01 Gm. or 1/6 grain (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe extract of cannabis should specify the biologically assayed preparation.
_Fluidextractum Cannabis (Fldext. Cannab.), Fluidextract of Cannabis, U.S.P._--Cannabis (100%). Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs. Absolute alcohol content about 80 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.1 Cc. or 1-1/2 minims (U.S.P.). Physicians who prescribe fluidextract of cannabis should specify the biologically assayed preparation.
_Tinctura Cannabis (Tr. Cannab.), Tincture of Cannabis, U.S.P._ (Tinctura Cannabis Indicae, U.S.P. VIII).--Cannabis (10%) in alcohol. Assayed biologically by producing incoordination in dogs. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.75 Cc. or 12 minims (U.S.P.). Those physicians who prescribe tincture of cannabis should specify the biologically assayed preparation.
=*Cantharis (Canthar.), Cantharides, U.S.P.= (Spanish Flies, Russian Flies).--A beetle.
## ACTION AND USES: Externally, rubefacient and vesicant.
Internally, genito-urinary irritant, often producing serious nephritis. Its internal use is probably never justified.
_*Ceratum Cantharidis (Cerat. Canthar.), Cantharides Cerate, U.S.P._ (Blistering Cerate).--Cantharides (35%) with turpentine, glacial acetic acid, yellow wax, rosin and benzoinated lard.
_Collodium Cantharidatum (Collod. Canth.), Cantharidal Collodion, U.S.P._ (Blistering Collodion, Vesicating Collodion).--The glacial acetic acid acetone extract from cantharides (60%) in flexible collodion.
_Emplastrum Cantharidis (Emp. Canthar.), Cantharides Plaster, U.S.P._--Cantharides cerate spread on rosin plaster. Each square centimeter of spread plaster contains 0.1 Gm. of cantharides cerate.
USES: Convenient form for applying cantharides as a vesicant. Requires from six to eight hours to produce a blister. May produce poisoning by absorption through the skin.
_*Tinctura Cantharidis (Tr. Canthar.), Tincture of Cantharides, U.S.P._ (Cantharidis Tinctura P.I.).--Cantharides (10%) in alcohol. Absolute alcohol content about 90 per cent.
=*Capsicum (Capsic.), Capsicum, U.S.P.= (Cayenne Pepper, African Chillies).--Fruit.
## ACTION AND USES: Carminative and rubefacient; also
stomachic, especially in alcoholic gastritis (as the tincture).
_Emplastrum Capsici (Emp. Capsic.), Capsicum Plaster, U.S.P._--Oleoresin of capsicum spread on rubber plaster. Each 15 square cm. of spread plaster contains 0.25 Gm. of oleoresin of capsicum.
_Oleoresina Capsici (Oleores. Capsic.), Oleoresin of Capsicum, U.S.P._--Highly irritant.
DOSAGE: 0.03 Gm. or 1/2 grain (U.S.P.).
_*Tinctura Capsici (Tr. Capsic.), Tincture of Capsicum, U.S.P._--Capsicum (10%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 88 per cent.
DOSAGE: 0.5 Cc. or 8 minims (U.S.P.).
_Tinctura Capsici et Myrrhae (Tr. Capsic. et Myrrh.), Tincture of Capsicum and Myrrh, N.F._ (Hot Drops, Thomsonian Number Six.)--Capsicum (3%) and myrrh (12%) in alcohol and water. Absolute alcohol content about 85 per cent.
DOSAGE: 2 Cc. or 30 minims (N.F.).
=Caramel (Caram.), Caramel, N.F.= (Saccharum Ustum, Burnt Sugar Coloring).
A dark brown, syrupy, somewhat bitter liquid. Soluble in water and in diluted alcohol; insoluble in 80 per cent. alcohol.
## ACTION AND USES: Used in pharmacy as a brown
coloring agent.