CHAPTER XIV.

OF THE MANNERS OF YOUTH.

Of _passions_ we have already spoken. We are next to speak of _manners_.

_Manners_ are distinguished by _passions_, _habits_, _ages_, and _fortunes_.

What kind of _manners_ proceed from _passions_, and from _virtues_ and _vices_, which are _habits_, hath been already shewed. There remains to be spoken of the _manners_ that are peculiar to several _ages_ and _fortunes_.

The _ages_ are _youth_, _middle-age_, _old age_. And first of _youth_.

_Young men_ are: violent in their desires. Prompt to execute their desires. Incontinent. Inconstant, easily forsaking what they desired before. Longing mightily, and soon satisfied. Apt to anger, and in their anger violent; and ready to execute their anger with their hands. Lovers of honour and of victory more than money, as having not been yet in want. Well-natured, as having not been acquainted with much malice. Full of hope, both because they have not yet been often frustrated, and because they have by natural heat that disposition that other ages have by wine; youth being a kind of natural drunkenness; besides, hope is of the time to come, whereof youth hath much, but of the time past little. Credulous, because not yet often deceived. Easily deceived, because full of hope. Valiant, because apt to anger and full of hope; whereof this begets confidence, the other keeps off fear. Bashful, because they estimate the honour of actions by the precepts of the law. Magnanimous, because not yet dejected by the misfortunes of human life. And lovers of honour more than of profit, because they live more by custom than by reason; and by reason we acquire profit, but virtue by custom. Lovers of their friends and companions. Apt to err in the excess rather than the defect, contrary to that precept of Chilon, _Ne quid nimis_; for they overdo every thing: they love too much and hate too much; because thinking themselves wise, they are obstinate in the opinion they have once delivered. Doers of injury, rather for contumely than for damage. Merciful, because, measuring others by their own innocence, they think them better than they be, and therefore less to merit what they suffer; which is a cause of pity. And lovers of mirth, and by consequence such as love to jest at others.

_Jesting_ is witty contumely.

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