CHAPTER III.

A _metaphor_ is when the like is signified by the like: as (1 Cor. iii. 13) the Apostle saith, _doctrine must be tried by fire_; that is, the evidence of the word, spirit, _trying doctrine_, as fire doth metals. So Christ is said to _baptize with fire_; where _fire_ is put for the power of the Holy Ghost, purging as fire. So Christ saith, _none shall enter into the kingdom of God but he that is born of the Holy Ghost and water_. So Paul calleth himself the _father_ of the Corinthians, and said, _that he begat them in Christ_. So he calleth Timothy and Titus his natural _sons in the faith_.

Hitherto of a trope or garnishing of speech in one word, where the metaphor is most usual; then the change of name; then the _synechdoche_; and last of all, the _irony_. Now followeth the fine frame or shape of speech, called a figure.

A figure is a garnishing of speech wherein the course of the same is changed, from the more simple and plain manner of speaking unto that which is more full of excellency and grace. For as in the fineness of words, or a trope, words are considered asunder by themselves; so in the fine shape or frame of speech, or a figure, the apt and pleasant joining together of many words is noted.

The garnishing of the shape of speech, or a figure, is garnishing of speech in words, or in a sentence.

The garnishing of speech in words, called _figura dictionis_, is wherein the speech is garnished by the pleasant and sweet sound of words joined together.

This is either in the _measure_ of sounds; or in the _repetition_ of sounds.

The _measure_ of sounds is belonging either to poets, with us called rhymers; or orators, with us called eloquent pleaders.

The first is the measure of sounds by certain and continual spaces; and it is either rhyme or verse.

Rhyme is the first sort, containing a certain measure of syllables ending alike; and these in the mother tongues are most fit for psalms, songs, or sonnets.

Verses are the second sort, containing certain feet fitly placed.

A foot is a measure framed by the length and shortness of syllables; for the several sorts whereof, as also of the verses of them, because we have no worthy examples in our English tongue, we judge the large handling of them should be more curious than necessary.

The measure of sounds belonging to orators, is that which, as it is not uncertain, so it differeth altogether from rhyme and verse, and is very changeable with itself. Therefore in that eloquent speech you must altogether leave rhyme and verse, unless you allege it for authority and pleasure.

In the beginning of the sentence little care is to be had, in the middle least of all, and in the end chiefest regard is to be had; because the fall of the sentence is most marked, and therefore lest it fall out to be harsh and unpleasant both to the mind and ear, there must be most variety and change.

Now this change must not be above six syllables from the end, and that must be set down in feet of two syllables.

And thus much of garnishing of speech by the _measure_ of sounds, rather to give some taste of the same to the readers, than to draw any to the curious and unnecessary practice of it.

Now followeth the _repeating_ of sounds.

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