Part 11

[Illustration: Elephantella grœnlandica (Retz.) Rydb. (⅓ Nat.) Long-Beaked Elephantella.]

[Sidenote: =Collinsia parviflora= Dougl. _Small-flowered Collinsia._]

Stems slightly hairy at length, diffusely branched, very slender, 3—15 inches long. Leaves oblong or lanceolate, mostly obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base, ½—1 inch long, entire or sparingly toothed, the lower opposite, petioled; the floral sessile, opposite or verticillate. Flowers few, in whorls in the axils of the leaves, on long slender pedicels; corolla blue or whitish, the throat longer than the limb; the upper lip erect, 2-cleft, the lower lip 3-lobed, spreading.

An inconspicuous little plant on rocks and in damp places throughout the region; flowering during June and July.

[Sidenote: =Pentstemon fruticosus= (Pursh.) Greene. _Large Purple Beard-tongue._]

Decumbent, diffusely spreading, 6—12 inches high, woody at the base. Leaves ovate, obovate or oblong, ½ an inch or more long, serrulate or entire, smooth or hairy when young. Flowers in glandular-hairy terminal racemes; corolla violet, blue or pinkish purple, an inch or more long, tubular funnel-form, 2-lipped, the upper deeply 2-, the lower 3-cleft.

Throughout the region in exposed stony places and on slides up to an elevation of 10,000 feet, frequently growing in patches of considerable size; flowering in June and early July.

[Sidenote: =Pentstemon confertus= Dougl. _Yellow Beard-tongue._]

Smooth throughout or the inflorescence and calyx sometimes with viscid hairs; stem a foot or two high. Leaves from oblong or oblong-lanceolate to somewhat linear, usually quite entire. Flowers in a terminal head of 2—5 dense, many-flowered clusters; corolla with a narrow tube about ½ an inch long, pale yellow; the lower lip conspicuously bearded within.

In moist or dry open ground throughout the Rockies, especially abundant in the valleys of the Bow and Pipestone in the region about Laggan; flowering during late June and early July.

[Illustration: Pentstemon confertus Dougl. (⅓ Nat.) Yellow Beard-Tongue.]

[Illustration: Pentstemon pseudohumilis Rydb. (½ Nat.)]

[Sidenote: =Pentstemon procerus= Dougl. _Blue Beard-tongue._]

Smooth throughout, stems slender, 2—12 inches high. Leaves lanceolate, 1—2 inches long, those of the middle of the stem largest, usually entire. Flowers in dense verticillate clusters, in a more or less elongated head; corolla bright blue with a slender funnel-form tube ½ an inch or more long; the lower lip bearded within.

In open dry or moist ground throughout the Rockies, not common; most abundant in the valley of the Kicking Horse River at Field; flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Pentstemon pseudohumilis= Rydb.]

Smooth; stem 8—12 inches high, simple. Basal leaves broadly spatulate or elliptic, thin, firm, obtuse, or acute, contracted into a slightly winged petiole, with entire margins; stem leaves oblanceolate, oblong or lanceolate, mostly all opposite. Flowers blue or bluish-purple in a loose panicle, with more or less glandular-hairy branches; calyx glandular-hairy, ¼ of an inch long, deeply cleft into lanceolate lobes; corolla slightly hairy, about ¾ of an inch long, funnel-form, slightly oblique.

In open ground and slopes in the Selkirks; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Veronica americana= Schwein. _American Brooklime._]

Smooth throughout; stems decumbent, rooting at the lower nodes, 6 inches to 2 feet long. Leaves oblong, ovate, or oblong-lanceolate, all distinctly petioled, sharply serrate with a wedge-shaped or rounded base, obtuse or acute at the apex, 1—3 inches long, ¼—1 inch broad. Flowers in racemes on slender peduncles in the axils of the leaves; corolla blue or nearly white, striped with purple, nearly ¼ of an inch broad, rotate, with 4 unequal lobes.

In brooks and swampy places in the Selkirks, especially around Glacier; flowering throughout the summer.

[Sidenote: =Veronica Wormskjoldii= R. and S. _Alpine Speedwell._]

Hairy throughout with brown glandular hairs; stems ascending or erect, slender, usually simple, 2—12 inches high. Leaves oblong, ovate or elliptic, sessile, mostly rounded at both ends, crenulate or entire, ½—1 inch long. Flowers light blue, in a short, narrow raceme; corolla, ⅛ of an inch broad, rotate, lobes nearly equal and rounded.

Throughout the region in open woods, and in alpine meadows and slopes up to 7000 feet elevation; flowering during June and July.

[Sidenote: =Veronica serphyllifolia= L. _Thyme-leaved Speedwell._]

Slightly hairy or smooth; stems slender, decumbent, the branches ascending or erect, 2—10 inches high. Leaves all opposite and petioled or the uppermost sessile, oblong, oval or ovate, ¼—½ an inch long, crenulate, entire. Flowers in short spicate racemes at the ends of the stems and branches; corolla pale blue or sometimes white, with darker stripes, nearly ¼ of an inch broad.

In open grassy ground at the lower altitudes throughout the Selkirks, very abundant and striking in the lawn at Glacier House; flowering during June.

[Sidenote: =Mimulus Lewisii= Pursh. _Red Monkey-flower._]

Stems viscid-hairy, 2—4 feet high. Leaves from oblong-ovate to lanceolate, acuminate, denticulate, opposite, 2—4 inches long and ½ as broad. Flowers on peduncles longer than the leaves; calyx campanulate, ¾ of an inch long, with triangular acute teeth; corolla rose-red or paler, the tube twice as long as the calyx, throat open, limb two-lipped; lobes of the upper lip erect or turned backward, obcordate, the lower lip spreading, the lobes obovate.

In wet ground and along streams through the Selkirks, frequently growing in such abundance as to practically exclude all other vegetation; the large showy, rose-purple flowers, each with two bright yellow patches in the throat.

[Sidenote: =Mimulus cæspitosus= Greene. _Yellow Monkey-flower._]

Smooth, stems flattened, decumbent and rooting at the nodes, the branches rising 3—6 inches high. Leaves orbicular or ovate, ½—1 inch long, dentate or denticulate, usually sublyrate, purple beneath. Flowers axillary on long peduncles; calyx campanulate, ⅓ of an inch long, mottled with dark purple; corolla bright yellow, ¾—1 inch long, throat spotted with dark red, lobes of the upper lip erect, ⅓—½ an inch long, the middle lobe of the lower lip broadly cordate, pendulous.

In wet, gravelly soil around springs and in the beds and banks of alpine brooks, through the Selkirks, often forming large patches; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Mimulus moschatus= Dougl. _Musk Plant._]

Hairy with soft and glandular hairs, musk scented; stems creeping or ascending, branched, slender, 6—12 inches long. Leaves ovate or oblong, short petioled, acute or obtuse at the apex, denticulate, rounded or subcordate at the base, 1—2 inches long, half as broad. Flowers ¾ of an inch long on axillary peduncles, shorter than the leaves; corolla funnel-shaped with a spreading limb nearly ½ an inch broad, bright yellow.

In wet shaded ground at the lower altitudes, throughout the Selkirks; flowering during June and July.

[Sidenote: =Castilleja purpurascens= Greenm. _Painter’s Brush._]

Perennial more or less purplish throughout, stems erect or nearly so, 4—12 inches high, usually, several from the same root, smooth or somewhat hairy below, soft-hairy above. Leaves sessile, clasping, linear or narrowly lanceolate, ¾—2 inches long, usually attenuate and acute, entire and undivided or occasionally 3-cleft near the apex, smooth or the uppermost soft-hairy, 3-nerved. Inflorescence in a close terminal raceme, later elongated, about 3 inches long, close-hairy; bracts ovate-lanceolate or oblong-ovate, 1—1¼ inches long, usually entire or occasionally cleft, from deep purple-red to scarlet and rarely yellow to tinged with red or pink; calyx ¾—1 inch long, ranging in color with the bracts; corolla 1—1½ inches long, galea green or greenish-yellow with scarlet margins and exserted beyond the calyx and floral bracts.

Frequent in the lower altitudes through the Rockies; very abundant and striking on the flood-plain of the Kicking Horse River at Field; flowering during June.

[Sidenote: =Castilleja pallida= Kunth. _White Indian Paint-brush._]

Commonly hairy with weak cobwebby hairs, a foot or less high. Leaves linear to lanceolate or the upper ovate-lanceolate. Flowers in dense leafy-bracted spikes; bracts oval or obovate, partly white or yellowish, cobwebby-hairy, equalling the corolla; calyx 2-cleft, the lobes oblong or lanceolate, corolla ½—1 inch long; galea not exceeding the calyx.

In moist open grounds at the higher altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Castilleja miniata= Dougl. _Bright Painted Cup._]

A foot or two high, mostly simple and strict, smooth or nearly so. Leaves lanceolate or linear or the upper ovate-lanceolate acute, entire or rarely 3-cleft. Flowers in a dense, short, hairy spike; bracts from lanceolate to oval, mostly bright red or crimson, occasionally pinkish, rarely whitish, seldom lobed; calyx lobes lanceolate, acutely 2-cleft; corolla over an inch long; galea exserted, linear, longer than the tube.

In moist alpine meadows throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Castilleja lanceifolia= Rydb. _Scarlet Painted Cup._]

Perennial with a long creeping rootstock, not growing in clumps, 1—2 feet high, sparingly close-hairy or nearly smooth, very leafy. Leaves lanceolate; often acuminate, 1½—2½ inches long, rather firm, 3-veined, the upper seldom if ever cleft. Flowers in a compact terminal head; bracts bright scarlet, oblong, obtuse; calyx 1 inch long, crimson or scarlet with a green base about equally cleft; corolla yellowish-green, ½ an inch longer than the calyx.

In moist open woods throughout the Rockies at the lower altitudes on the eastern slope; flowering in June and July.

[Sidenote: =Orthocarpus luteus= Nutt. _Yellow Orthocarpus._]

Annual, rough-hairy; stems stout, erect, branched above or simple, 6—18 inches high, densely leafy. Leaves erect or ascending, linear or lanceolate, entire or sometimes 3-cleft, 1—1½ inches long, sessile, long acuminate; bracts of the dense spike lanceolate, broader and shorter than the leaves, entire or 3-cleft, green, mostly longer than the flowers. Flowers bright yellow, an inch long or less, the upper lip ovate, obtuse, about as long as the sac-like 3-toothed lower one.

In open ground in the lower valleys throughout the region as far west as the valley of the Columbia River at Beavermouth; flowering throughout the summer.

[Sidenote: =Elephantella grœnlandica= (Retz.) Rydb. _Long-beaked Elephantella._]

Whole plant usually purple, smooth; stem simple, erect, 1—1½ feet high. Leaves alternate, lanceolate in outline, pinnately parted or the lower pinnately divided into lanceolate, acute, crenulate, or incised segments, the upper sessile, the lower slender-petioled 2—6 inches long. Flowers in a very dense spike 1—6 inches long; calyx short, acutish; corolla red or purple, the galea produced into a slender beak ½—¾ of an inch long, which is decurved against the lower lip and upwardly recurved beyond it; body of the corolla about ¼ of an inch long.

In open bogs and wet alpine meadows at the higher altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Pedicularis racemosa= Dougl. _White Lousewort._]

Smooth throughout, simple or sometimes branching, 6—18 inches high. Leaves lanceolate, undivided, minutely and doubly crenulate, 2—4 inches long. Flowers short-pedicelled in a short leafy raceme or spike, or the lower remote in the axils of the leaves; corolla white, showy, the galea which is half an inch long produced into a slender, elongated, incurved beak nearly reaching the apex of the broad lower lip.

At the higher altitudes in the Rockies in moist open ground and alpine meadows, flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Pedicularis bracteosa= Benth. _Wood Betony._]

Smooth, 1—3 feet high; leaves 3—10 inches long, all pinnately parted, the lower divided, ample; divisions of the leaves ½—2 inches long, linear-lanceolate. Flowers crowded in a cylindrical, leafy-bracted spike, 2—6 inches long; corolla less than an inch long, pale yellow or reddish, the galea much longer than the lip with a hooded summit.

Frequent throughout the Rockies in moist open woods and alpine meadows at the higher elevations; flowering during July.

LENTIBULARIACEÆ

_Butterwort Family_

In our species, stemless herbs with fibrous roots and 1-flowered scapes; basal, tufted, entire leaves, the upper surface covered with a viscid secretion, to which insects adhere and are caught by the curling of the sensitive leaf margins; calyx 4—5-parted or 2-lipped; corolla sac-like and contracted into a spur.

[Sidenote: =Pinguicula vulgaris= L. _Butterwort._]

Leaves pale yellowish-green, 3—7 in a rosette at the base of the scape, greasy to the touch on the upper surface, ovate-lanceolate, obtuse, 1—2 inches long, ¼ as wide. Flowers solitary on a slender scape, violet-purple, nearly ½ an inch broad when expanded, 2-lipped; the upper lip 2-lobed; the lower 3-lobed, larger; the tube gradually contracted into an obtuse or acute nearly straight spur, ⅓ of an inch long.

In wet mossy places, on rocks, or edges of gravelly stream beds throughout the Rockies, at the lower altitudes; the bright little flowers suggesting violets; flowering during June.

[Illustration: _a_ Pinguicula vulgaris L. Butterwort.

_b_ Pentstemon fruticosus (Pursh) Greene. (¾ Nat.) Large Purple Beard-Tongue.]

RUBIACEÆ

_Madder Family_

In our species, herbs with 4-angled stems and branches, with verticillate leaves and small 4-parted flowers, regular and perfect and fruit separating into 2-carpels.

[Sidenote: =Galium boreale= L. _Northern Bed-straw._]

Smooth, erect, simple or branched, leafy, 1—2½ feet high. Leaves in 4’s, lanceolate or linear 3-nerved, obtuse or acute, 1—2½ inches long, the margins sometimes fringed with hairs. Flowers white, numerous in a terminal panicle; corolla 4-parted, ⅛ of an inch across, the lobes lanceolate, acute.

In open ground and in open woods or thickets at the lower altitudes, throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

CAPRIFOLIACEÆ

_Honeysuckle Family_

Shrubs, trees, vines or perennial herbs with opposite leaves and mostly cymose flowers; calyx 3—5-toothed, the corolla 5-lobed or sometimes 2-lipped; stamens 5-inserted on the tube of the corolla and alternate with the lobes; fruit a berry, drupe or capsule.

Corolla rotate or urn-shaped; flowers in compound cymes. Leaves pinnate. =Sambucus.= Leaves simple. =Viburnum.= Corolla tubular or campanulate, often 2-lipped. Creeping, somewhat woody herb; flowers in pairs, pink. =Linnæa.= Shrubs, erect or climbing. Corolla short-campanulate, regular or nearly so. =Symphoricarpos.= Corolla tubular and irregular. =Lonicera.=

[Sidenote: =Sambucus pubens= Michx. _Red-berried Elder._]

A shrub 2—12 feet high, the twigs and leaves commonly hairy; stems woody, the younger with reddish-brown pith. Leaves pinnate with 3—7 ovate-lanceolate or oval, acuminate leaflets 2—5 inches long, sharply serrate. Flowers numerous, less than ¼ of an inch broad, white, in a close oblong head 3—4 inches high, longer than broad; berries in a compact head, bright scarlet, ¼ of an inch in diameter.

Rocky places and thickets throughout the region though most abundant in the Selkirks; flowering in June, the bright red berries ripe in late summer.

[Sidenote: =Sambucus melanocarpa= A. Gray. _Black-berried Elder._]

A shrub 2—12 feet high, smooth or the young leaves slightly hairy. Leaves pinnate with 3—7 or rarely 9 ovate-oblong or ovate-lanceolate, acuminate leaflets, 2—5 inches long, sharply serrate. Flowers small white in a close compound cyme 3—4 inches high and as broad; berries ¼ of an inch broad, black and shining in a close head.

Rocky places and thickets in the Selkirks; growing with the other species and difficult to distinguish from it except by the colour of the berries.

[Sidenote: =Viburnum pauciflorum= Pylaie. _Few-flowered Cranberry Tree._]

A straggling bush 2—6 feet high with twigs and petioles smooth or nearly so. Leaves broadly oval, obovate or broader than long; 5-ribbed, mostly with 3 rather shallow lobes above the middle, coarsely and unequally dentate, smooth above, more or less hairy on the veins beneath, 1½—3 inches broad. Flowers small, pure white or pinkish, ¼ of an inch broad in compact axillary heads an inch or so broad; drupe globose, bright red, acid, about half an inch long.

A most attractive shrub in thickets and woods at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in May and early June; the acid fruit is frequently used for preserving.

[Sidenote: =Linnæa americana= Forbes. _Twin-flower._]

Branches slender, woody, slightly hairy, trailing, 6—24 inches long. Leaves evergreen, opposite, obovate or orbicular, obscurely crenate, thick, ¼—¾ of an inch wide, sometimes wider than long. Flowers nodding in pairs, rarely in 4’s, on slender pedicels ¼—¾ of an inch long, very fragrant; corolla tubular-campanulate with 5 equal lobes, pink or nearly white, deep pink within.

In moist cool woods, frequent throughout the region, especially in the Rockies; flowering in late June and early July.

[Illustration: Linnæa americana Forbes. (¼ Nat.) American Twin-Flower.]

[Illustration: Lonicera ebractulata Rydb. (½ Nat.) Fly Honeysuckle.]

[Sidenote: =Symphoricarpos racemosus= Michx. _Snowberry._]

An erect shrub, 1—4 feet high, smooth or nearly so with slender branches. Leaves oval, obtuse at each end, 1—2 inches long, entire, undulate or sometimes dentate. Flowers pale pink or white, few, in axillary clusters; corolla campanulate, ¼ of an inch long, equally 5-lobed, slightly inflated at the base and bearded within; berries snow-white, nearly ½ an inch in diameter.

On rocky banks and along streams at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering during July.

[Sidenote: =Symphoricarpos pauciflorus= (Robbins) Britton. _Low Snowberry._]

A low, spreading, diffusely branched shrub 6—9 inches high. Leaves broadly oval or orbicular, entire, softly hairy, especially along the veins beneath. Flowers about ¼ of an inch long, solitary in the upper axils, and 2 or 3 in the terminal spike; corolla campanulate, 5-lobed, bearded within; berry globose, white, ¼ of an inch in diameter.

In rocky places and on wooded slopes throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Lonicera glaucescens= Rydb. _Douglas’s Honeysuckle._]

Smooth, more or less shrubby or twining. Leaves smooth above, glaucous and hairy at least on the veins beneath, 1½—2 inches long, papery on the margins, usually only the upper pair connate-perfoliate. Flowers in a short terminal interrupted spike, corolla 1 inch long or less, yellow changing to reddish, slightly hairy without, long-hairy within, the tube rather strongly inflated at the base, the 2-lipped limb shorter than the tube, stamens and style exserted.

In rocky places and along river banks throughout the Rockies; flowering during July.

[Sidenote: =Lonicera ebractulata= Rydb. _Fly Honeysuckle._]

Shrubby, 3—6 feet high with grey bark. Leaves light green, glaucous and hairy beneath, fringed with hairs on the margins, elliptic-ovate or broadly ovate, obtuse, rounded or cordate at the base, rounded at the apex, 1—2½ inches long, ½—1½ inches wide. Flowers in pairs from the axils of the leaves; peduncles about ½ an inch long; corolla light yellow, about ¾ of an inch long, funnel-form, and spurred at the base on the inner side; berry bright red, ¼ of an inch in diameter.

In moist woods throughout the region at the lower altitudes; flowering in May and early June.

[Sidenote: =Lonicera involucrata= (Richards) Banks. _Involucred Fly Honeysuckle._]

A nearly smooth shrub 3—10 feet high. Leaves short-petioled, ovate, oval or obovate, 2—6 inches long, acute or acuminate at the apex, narrowed or rounded at the base, more or less hairy at least when young. Flowers greenish-yellow, 2 or 3 on axillary peduncles, 1—2 inches long, bracts foliaceous, ovate or oval, often cordate, bractlets larger, greenish-yellow, at length turning rich maroon and surrounding the fruit; corolla hairy, funnel-form; the limb nearly equally 5-lobed; stamens and styles slightly exserted; berries separate, globose or oval, nearly black, about ⅓ of an inch in diameter.

In rich moist woods and thickets at the lower altitudes throughout the region, inconspicuous when in flower in late June and early July, but especially showy when in fruit, the blue-black berries subtended by the showy maroon bracts, making it a most striking shrub during summer and early autumn.

[Illustration: Lonicera involucrata (Richards.) Banks. (⅔ Nat.) Involucred Fly Honeysuckle.]

VALERIANACEÆ

_Valerian Family_

Perennial strongly smelling herbs, with opposite leaves and paniculate heads of small pink or white, funnel-form, more or less gibbous flowers, commonly with 3 exserted stamens.

[Sidenote: =Valeriana septentrionalis= Rydb. _Northern Valerian._]

Erect, perfectly smooth throughout or the inflorescence minutely hairy, 8—16 inches high. Basal, leaves petioled, spatulate or oval, 1—5 inches long, entire; stem leaves usually 3 pairs, the lower petioled, the upper sessile, segments, 5—7 oval or linear-lanceolate, entire or merely undulate on the margins. Flowers cymose-paniculate, usually congested; corolla white, about ¼ of an inch long; fruit smooth, ⅛ of an inch or slightly longer.

In moist shaded places and on slopes in the lower valleys of the Rockies; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Valeriana Scouleri= Rydb. _Scouler’s Valerian._]

Smooth throughout; stem rather stout, 1—3 feet high. Leaves, the basal on long petioles, oblong, 1—2 inches long, 3-lobed, the centre one much the largest, oblong, tapering to both ends, the lateral lanceolate; stem leaves, 2—4 pairs pinnately parted in 5—7 lanceolate, acute, entire, or undulate segments, 1—2 inches long. Flowers pink in a flat, cymose panicle, 2—2½ inches broad; corolla nearly ¼ of an inch long, funnel-form; stamens and style exserted.

In moist open ground throughout the Rockies at the higher elevations; flowering during June and early July.

[Sidenote: =Valeriana sitchensis= Bong. _Wild Heliotrope._]

Smooth; stems rather stout, 1—5 feet high, often branching. Leaves in 2—4 pairs, pinnately 3—5-lobed, leaflets ovate to oblong or lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely dentate, 1—2 inches long, densely white-hairy at the base of the petioles; basal leaves lacking at the time of flowering. Flowers very fragrant, pink, in a compact cymose panicle, corolla broad, funnel-form, ¼ of an inch long with spreading rounded lobes; stamens and style much exserted.

Common along the streams and in damp places in the Selkirks, at times forming vast masses of pink when in flower in June and early July.

[Illustration: Valeriana sitchensis Bong. (⅓ Nat.) Wild Heliotrope.]

[Illustration: Lobelia Kalmii strictiflora Rydb. (Nat.) Brook Lobelia.]

CAMPANULACEÆ

_Bellflower Family_

Herbs with alternate simple leaves, usually milky juice, and perfect flowers; calyx mostly 5-lobed; corolla regular or irregular, the tube entire or deeply cleft on one side, its limb 5-lobed, regular or more or less 2-lipped; stamens 5, alternate with the corolla lobes.

[Sidenote: =Campanula uniflora= L. _Arctic Harebell._]

Smooth or nearly so, simple, 1—6 inches high. Leaves linear or linear-oblong, acute, sessile, thickish entire or sparingly dentate, ¾—1½ inches long or the lower and basal ones spatulate, obtuse and narrowed into petioles. Flowers erect, calyx tube top-shaped, smooth or hairy, shorter than or equalling the lobes; corolla narrowly campanulate, ⅓—½ an inch long, bright blue, with 5 slightly spreading lanceolate lobes.

Alpine summits in the Rockies not common; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Campanula rotundifolia= L. _Harebell, Bluebell._]

Smooth or nearly so, stems erect or spreading, often several from the same root, simple or branched, 6 inches to 2 feet high. Basal leaves nearly orbicular or broadly ovate, usually heart-shaped and slender petioled, ¼—1 inch wide, dentate or entire, often wanting at flowering time; stem leaves linear or linear-oblong acute, mostly entire and sessile or the lower narrowed into short petioles and somewhat spatulate. Flowers several or numerous in racemes, drooping or spreading, slender pedicelled; calyx lobes hair-like, spreading, longer than the tube, corolla bright blue, campanulate, ½—1 inch long.

On moist rocks or stony places, on slides or gravelly stream banks, frequent throughout the region; flowering during most of the summer.

[Sidenote: =Lobelia Kalmii strictiflora= Rydb. _Brook Lobelia._]

Smooth throughout or slightly hairy below; stem simple or slightly branched, erect, leafy, 4—8 inches high. Leaves basal, small, ¼—½ an inch long, obovate, hairy; stem leaves linear. Flowers light blue or white, ⅓ or nearly ½ an inch long on erect pedicels slightly more than their own length; petals 5, the two upper erect, ⅛ of an inch long, very slender, the 3 lower broader, ¼ of an inch long and spreading, in loose racemes, lower bracts linear-lanceolate, the upper hair-like.

On wet banks or wet gravelly or sandy ground at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies, abundant locally; flowering in July.

CICHORIACEÆ

_Chicory Family_

Herbs almost always with milky juice, alternate or basal leaves and yellow or rarely pink, blue, purple, or white flowers in involucrate heads; bracts of the involucre in 1 to several series; flowers all alike and perfect; corolla with a short or long tube and a strap-shaped (ligulate) usually 5-toothed limb (ray).

Heads solitary; leaves all basal. Achenes smooth at the apex. =Agoseris.= Achenes spinulose at the apex. =Taraxacum.= Heads several; leaves not all basal. Achenes flattened. Flowers yellow. =Sonchus.= Flowers blue. =Lactuca.= Achenes rounded. Pappus white. =Crepis.= Pappus tawny. =Hieracium.=

[Sidenote: =Agoseris glauca= (Pursh.) Greene. _Large-flowered Agoseris._]

Pale and smooth throughout or a little woolly below. Leaves linear-lanceolate or oblong, entire, dentate or pinnatifid, 2—10 inches long, acuminate. Scapes stout, smooth or slightly hairy, longer than the leaves, 6—18 inches high, head 1—2 inches broad, rays bright yellow, involucre oblong, campanulate, usually smooth.

Open grounds and on grassy alpine slopes and in meadows; flowering during June and July.

[Illustration: _a_ Hieracium umbellatum L. Narrow-Leaved Hawk-weed.

_b_ Agoseris aurantiaca (Hook.) Greene. (⅔ Nat.)]

[Sidenote: =Agoseris aurantiaca= (Hook.) Greene. _Orange-flowered Agoseris._]