Part 6

Stems erect, 2—3 feet high, smooth except the inflorescence. Leaves large, ternately compound, the basal leaf long-petioled, the divisions long petioled and pinnate, leaflets ovate, 1½—5 inches long, cut with sharp teeth. Raceme ovoid, 1—2 inches long; flowers small, white, with petal-like sepals; petals, 4—10 spatulate and minute; stamens numerous; berries in a spreading raceme, small, spherical, and purplish red.

Frequent in the rich woods throughout the region, at the lower altitudes; flowering in late May and early June.

[Illustration: Delphinium Brownii Rydb. (½ Nat.) Mountain Larkspur.]

[Illustration: Anemone globosa Nutt. (⅓ Nat.) Wind-Flower.]

[Sidenote: =Actæa eburnea= Rydb. _Western White Baneberry._]

Similar to the preceding species and often growing with it and difficult to distinguish from it when in flower: in fruit, however, they are quite distinct. In A. eburnea the berries are fully twice as large, nearly half an inch long and a quarter of an inch in diameter and pure waxy white.

In rich moist woods throughout the Rockies; flowering with the other species in May and early June; fruiting in late July.

BERBERIDACEÆ

_Barberry Family_

Shrubs or herbs with alternate or basal leaves, with or without stipules, and solitary or racemed, mostly terminal flowers; sepals and petals generally overlapping in several series; stamens as many as the petals and opposite them; flowers perfect.

[Sidenote: =Berberis aquifolium= Pursh. _Trailing Mahonia._]

A smooth, trailing shrub. Leaves petioled, pinnate, leaflets 3—7, ovate or oval, oblique, obtuse, truncate or slightly cordate at the base, sessile thick, persistent, finely veiny, 1—2 inches long, with spine-bearing teeth. Flowers yellow, in several erect, dense, terminal racemes; berry globose, blue or purple.

A straggling shrub with spiny glossy dark green leaves, which change to beautiful tints of scarlets and yellows during midsummer and autumn. Frequent in the Rockies in woods; flowering in June.

PAPAVERACEÆ

_Poppy Family_

Herbs with milky or coloured sap and alternate leaves or the upper rarely opposite, flowers perfect, regular or irregular; sepals 2, rarely 3 or 4, soon falling off; petals 4—6 or rarely more, folded together, often wrinkled; stamens numerous.

[Illustration: _a_ Delphinium Menziesii DC. Blue Larkspur.

_b_ Lithophragma parviflora (Hook.) Nutt. Lithophragma.

(¾ Nat.)]

[Sidenote: =Capnodes aureum= (Willd.) Kuntze. _Golden Corydalis._]

Smooth, 4—12 inches long, diffusely branching. Leaves all but the uppermost petioled, finely cut into oblong-obovate or wedge-shaped segments. Flowers numerous in an oblong head, bright golden yellow, nearly half an inch long; spur ½ the length of the body of the corolla, outer petals keeled, not crested; pods spreading or pendulose, torulose; seeds obtuse, margined, shining, obscurely ridged.

Frequent throughout the Rockies in open ground at the lower altitudes where it has been recently burned or cleared; flowering during most of the summer.

BRASSICACEÆ

_Mustard Family_

Herbs, rarely somewhat woody, with watery acrid juice, alternate leaves and racemose or corymbose white, yellow, or pink flowers; sepals and petals 4; stamens 6, rarely fewer; pistil 1, consisting of 2 united carpels.

Pods short; silicles. Pod compressed parallel to the partition. =Draba.= Pod compressed contrary to the partition, ovate; flowers white. =Thlaspi.= Pod inflated, obcordate; flowers yellow. =Physaria.= Pods elongated; siliques. Pod compressed parallel to the partition. Valves nerveless; flowers white. =Cardamine.= Valves 1-nerved; flowers white or pink. =Arabis.= Pods terete, not at all compressed. Pods 1½ inches long or more. Flowers yellow, stigma 2-lobed. =Erysimum.= Pods less than 1½ inches long. Leaves grey with fine hairs; flowers white. =Smelowskia.= Leaves not grey-hairy; flowers yellow or white. Pubescence of simple hairs. =Sisymbrium.= Pubescence of forked hairs. Leaves pinnate or pinnatifid; flowers yellow. =Sophia.= Leaves entire or nearly so; flowers white. =Braya.= Smooth throughout. Leaves pinnate or pinnatifid; flowers white. =Roripa.=

[Illustration: Draba oligosperma Hook. (Nat.) Whitlow-Grass.]

[Illustration: Draba andina (Nutt.) A. Nelson. (⅔ Nat.) Mountain Whitlow-Grass.]

[Sidenote: =Draba glacialis= Adams.]

Caudex much branched, branches short and slender. Leaves strongly keeled, ¼—¾ of an inch long, more or less loosely stellate-pubescent, sometimes ciliate at the base. Scapes slender, ¼—6 inches high, hairy or nearly smooth; racemes few-flowered; sepals with a few long hairs or smooth petals ⅛ of an inch long, pale yellow, darker at the base; pod ¼ of an inch or more long, narrowly oblong, acute at both ends, on pedicels ¼ of an inch or more long; style distinct.

In dry, exposed stony places throughout the Rockies, flowering in early spring.

[Sidenote: =Draba oligosperma= Hook.]

Stems much branched from the root, densely tufted at the base. Leaves erect, linear, obtuse, tapering to the base, stiff, ciliate, with stellate hairs on both sides, especially toward the apex. Scapes naked; flowers racemose; calyx smooth or with scattered hairs, petals white or pale yellow, obovate, ⅛ of an inch or more long, pods short, nearly orbicular, acute at the apex, more or less rounded at the base, sparingly short-hairy, ⅛ of an inch long; style ⅓ its length. Alpine summits and dry ridges throughout the Rockies; flowering in May and June.

[Sidenote: =Draba andina= (Nutt.) A. Nelson.]

Densely cæspitose. Leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, ⅛ of an inch long or less, stiff and rigid, densely imbricated, forming numerous small rosettes: stellate-pubescent on both sides. Scapes slender, 1—2 inches high, few-flowered, petals pale yellow or white, ⅛ of an inch long; twice as long as the hairy calyx; pods ⅛ of an inch or less long with short stiff hairs.

On exposed rocks and alpine summits throughout the Rockies, frequent in the vicinity of Banff, flowering in May and June.

[Sidenote: =Draba nivalis= Liljb. _Arctic Whitlow-grass._]

Caudex with numerous slender matted branches. Leaves in dense tufts, oblanceolate, acutish with a rather stout mid-nerve, entire, white-hairy, with dense stellate pubescence, not at all ciliate or slightly so near the base, ¼ of an inch long or less. Scapes slender, hairy, 1—3 inches high, calyx hairy; flowers ⅛ of an inch high, the white petals slightly exceeding the calyx; pods few, usually smooth, oblong, acute at each end, ½ of an inch or less long on short pedicels and with a short stout style and 2-lobed stigma.

On alpine summits and exposed ledges throughout the Rockies; flowering in June.

[Illustration: Draba glacialis Adams. (⅔ Nat.) Whitlow-Grass.]

[Illustration: Draba aurea Vahl. (½ Nat.) Golden Whitlow-Grass.]

[Sidenote: =Draba lonchocarpa= Rydb.]

Similar to the preceding species but with the leaves obtuse; pods ⅓—⅔ of an inch long, smooth, very narrow and usually more or less twisted, on slender pedicels ¼—½ an inch long.

In moist or shaded ground, on alpine summits or on ledges, throughout the Rockies; flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Draba aurea= Vahl. _Golden Whitlow-grass._]

Pubescent throughout with short stellate hairs; stems rather stout, erect, frequently several from the same root; leafy, 2—15 inches high. Leaves entire or few-toothed, oblanceolate or lanceolate, stem leaves usually narrowed and frequently ciliate at the base, ½—2 inches long. Flowers bright yellow in an elongated leafy raceme; calyx smooth or somewhat hairy; petals elliptic, less than ⅛ of an inch long; pods lanceolate to linear, acute, hairy, often twisted, ¼—½ an inch long on peduncles half their length.

Frequent in dry open ground at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Draba incana= L. _Hoary Whitlow-grass._]

Erect, simple, or somewhat branched, leafy, stellate-pubescent throughout, 6—12 inches high. Leaves lanceolate, oblanceolate or ovate, ¼—1 inch long, acute or obtuse, dentate or nearly entire; flowers white, ⅛ of an inch or less broad; petals notched, twice as long as the sepals; pod oblong or lanceolate, acute ⅓—½ an inch long on nearly erect pedicels about ½ their length.

Throughout the region in moist ravines; flowering during June.

Other species of Draba occur in the region but being neither common nor striking it is deemed out of place to describe them here.

[Illustration: Physaria didymocarpa (Hook.) A. Gray. (⅔ Nat.) Bladder-Pod.]

[Illustration: Smelowskia calycina (Desv.) C. A. Meyer. (⅔ Nat.) Smelowskia.]

[Sidenote: =Thlaspi arvense= L. _Penny-cress._]

Decumbent or erect, 6—12 inches high, simple or much branched above. Leaves spatulate or oblong, obtuse, obtusely- or runcinately-toothed or angled. Flowers small, white, in a compact head; pods large, ½ an inch broad, orbicular or nearly so, strongly winged and compressed.

In moist low ground and waste places throughout the Rockies, flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Physaria didymocarpa= (Hook.) A. Gray. _Double Bladder-pod._]

Densely stellate, canescent, pale green, root long and deep. Stems decumbent or ascending, slender, simple, 3—12 inches long. Leaves spatulate, the basal ones obtuse, entire or few lobed, narrowed into margined petioles: stem leaves nearly sessile, acute, much smaller. Flowers about ½ an inch broad, light yellow in a close raceme, 2—5 inches long in fruit; pods much inflated and variable, often ½ an inch thick.

In dry clayey and stony soil and on slopes throughout the Rockies; flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Cardamine pennsylvanica= Muhl. _Pennsylvania Bitter-cress._]

Smooth or rarely with a few scattered hairs; stems erect, stout or slender, 8 inches to 3 feet high, usually much branched, somewhat succulent, leafy up to the racemes. Basal leaves 2—6 inches long, the terminal leaflet obovate, ovate or obcordate, usually narrowed at the base, ¼—¾ of an inch wide, the lateral 4—8 pairs oblong, oval or obovate, all toothed or some of them entire. Flowers about ⅛ of an inch broad, white; pods very narrowly linear, ½—1¼ inches long, erect when mature on ascending pedicels.

In wet shaded places, sparingly throughout the region; flowering during June and July.

[Sidenote: =Arabis hirsuta= (L.) Scop. _Hairy Rock-cress._]

Stem erect, nearly simple, 1—2 feet high, roughly hairy or nearly smooth. Basal leaves on margined petioles forming a rosette, obovate or spatulate, obtuse, denticulate, 1—2 inches long; stem leaves sessile, clasping by an auriculate base, lanceolate or oblong. Flowers ¼ of an inch or less long, white, in a strict, elongated raceme; pods narrowly linear, erect or appressed, 1—2 inches long.

In open grounds throughout the Rockies at the lower altitudes; flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Arabis Holboldii= Hornem. _Stony Rock-cress._]

Finely stellately pubescent throughout; stems frequently several, simple or branched, erect ½—2½ feet high. Root leaves narrowly oblanceolate, entire, an inch or less long; stem leaves linear-lanceolate to narrowly oblong, acute, sagittate. Flowers rosy pink or rarely white, becoming more or less reflexed, ¼ of an inch long; pods more or less abruptly reflexed, straight or somewhat curved 1½—2½ inches long, very narrowly linear.

On banks and stony slopes throughout the Rockies; flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Arabis Drummondii= A. Gray. _Drummond’s Rock-cress._]

Slightly glaucous, stems erect; 1—2 feet high. Root leaves narrowly oblanceolate more or less hairy; the stem leaves oblong or linear-lanceolate, 1—2 inches long. Flowers white or pinkish, ¼ of an inch long in a close panicle, elongated in fruit; pods erect when mature, slender, 1½—3 inches long, obtuse.

In open ground and on slopes throughout the Rockies, flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Arabis Lyallii= S. Wats. _Lyall’s Rock-cress._]

Low, smooth, throughout, or sometimes more or less stellate-pubescent below; stem simple, several, or many from the same root. Lower leaves spatulate or linear-oblanceolate, usually ½—1 inch long, sometimes longer; stem leaves narrowly lanceolate or oblong, sometimes scarcely auricled. Flowers rose-colour, ¼ of an inch long; pods erect or ascending, very slender, straight or nearly so, 1—2 inches long.

Alpine meadows and slopes at the higher elevations throughout the Rockies, flowering in June and July.

[Sidenote: =Erysimum inconspicuum= (S. Wats.) MacM. _Treacle Mustard._]

Erect, 10—18 inches high, cinereous and rough with 2-parted hairs. Leaves narrowly linear-lanceolate or oblong-linear, mostly entire, the root leaves crowded and sometimes repand dentate. Flowers sulphur yellow in a compact head, elongated in fruit, calyx campanulate, ¼ inch high, petals ⅓ longer, the blades spreading; pods slender, erect or nearly so at maturity, 1—2 inches long.

In gravelly places, common on the eastern slopes of the Rockies at the lower elevations, flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Smelowskia calycina= (Desv.) C. A. Meyer. _Smelowskia._]

Very variable in foliage, finely stellate-pubescent and usually cinereous-villous with larger single hairs; caudex stout, branched. Leaves soft in texture, usually deeply pinnatifid with 2-several pairs of linear to obovate, obtuse segments. Stems several, 1—6 inches high, racemes at first dense and corymbose, becoming elongated in fruit. Flowers white with exserted broad rounded petals ⅛ of an inch or more long; pods usually lanceolate, tapering to each end.

On alpine summits through the Rockies; not common; flowering in June and July.

[Sidenote: =Sisymbrium altissimum= L. Tall _Hedge Mustard._]

Erect, 2—4 feet high, freely branching, smooth or nearly so. Lower leaves runcinate-pinnatifid, petioled, the lobes lanceolate, often auriculate; upper leaves smaller, short petioled, or usually sessile, very deeply pinnatifid, the lobes linear or lanceolate, dentate or entire, the uppermost often reduced to linear, entire bracts. Flowers pale yellow, ¼ of an inch broad on slender spreading pedicels, pods very narrowly linear, divergent, 2—4 inches long.

At the lower elevations throughout the region as a weed, especially on the line of the railway, flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Sophia intermedia= Rydb. _Western Tansy-Mustard._]

Stems 1—2 feet high, sparingly greyish-puberulent, especially below, or sometimes nearly smooth, often glandular above; hairs more or less stellate. Leaves twice or thrice-pinnatifid, the primary divisions oblanceolate or obovate, divided to near the midrib into linear or linear-oblong segments, sparingly puberulent. Raceme rather long, flowers small, less than ⅛ of an inch high; petals yellow; peduncles diverging sometimes nearly at right angles; pod club-shaped.

Common throughout the Rockies in open places at the lower altitudes, flowering in June and July.

[Sidenote: =Braya humilis= (Meyer) Robinson. _Northern Rock-cress._]

Erect 4—10 inches high, branching below, sparingly hairy. Leaves spatulate or oblanceolate, the lower obtuse, 1—2 inches long, narrowed into a petiole, sharply dentate or rarely entire, the upper smaller, narrower, often acute. Flowers white or pink ⅛ of an inch or more broad, pedicels erect, ¼ of an inch long in fruit; pods nearly terete, narrowly linear, ½—¾ of an inch long, valves finely nerved.

In moist gravelly or stony ground throughout the Rockies at the lower altitudes, flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Roripa Nasturtium= (L.) Rusby. _Water-cress._]

Aquatic, smooth, branched, floating or creeping, rooting from the joints. Leaves odd-pinnate of 3—9 segments, the terminal one larger than the lateral, all obtuse, ovate or oval or the terminal one nearly orbicular. Racemes elongated in fruit; flowers white, ⅛ of an inch or more broad; pod ½—1¼ inches long, spreading and slightly curved upwards, on pedicels of about their length.

In ditches and shallow pools through the Rockies, especially abundant at Banff in the warm water at the outlet from the Basin; flowering through June and July.

CRASSULACEÆ

_Stone-Crop Family_

Fleshy smooth herbs with alternate leaves, and perfect flowers in terminal, oftentimes 1-sided cymes. Calyx 4—5-lobed; petals 4—5, distinct, stamens twice as many as the petals; carpels 4—5, styles short.

[Sidenote: =Sedum stenopetalum= Pursh. _Narrow Petaled Stone-crop._]

Perennial, tufted, smooth, flowering branches 3—7 inches long. Leaves alternate, crowded, sessile, linear ¼—½ an inch long, entire. Flowers bright yellow, nearly half an inch broad in a 5—7-forked, compact cyme, petals narrowly lanceolate, very acute.

Common throughout the Rockies in moist, gravelly or sandy soil, on river shores, and on rocky slopes, flowering in June and July.

PARNASSIACEÆ

_Grass-of-Parnassus Family_

Smooth bog-herbs with a rosette of basal leaves and generally one or a few alternate stem leaves and solitary, terminal flowers. Flowers perfect; calyx generally 5-lobed to near the base; petals 5; perfect stamens 5; staminodia (imperfect stamens) in clusters at the base of each petal; stigmas 4.

[Sidenote: =Parnassia fimbriata= Banks. _Fringed Grass-of-Parnassus._]

Leaves tufted at the base on petioles 2—6 inches long; blades reniform or broadly cordate, ¾—½ an inch wide, thin, smooth, with about 7 principal veins. Flowers ¾ of an inch or more broad on a scape 8—12 inches high with a small cordate clasping bract about the middle; sepals ¼ of an inch long, elliptic, obtuse; petals obovate, pure white, fringed at the base, staminodia united into 5 fleshy obovate scales.

Common throughout the region in springy places and damp mossy banks at the lower altitudes, flowering during July.

[Illustration: Parnassia montanensis Rydb. & Fernald. (½ Nat.) Marsh Grass of Parnassus.]

[Illustration: Ribes lacustre (Pers.) Poir. (¼ Nat.) Swamp Gooseberry.]

[Sidenote: =Parnassia montanensis= Rydb. and Fernald. _Marsh Grass-of-Parnassus._]

Leaves tufted at the base on short petioles, blades ovate with a cordate or rounded base ¾ of an inch long. Flowers solitary, on scapes 8 inches or more high with a large ovate bract below the middle; sepals lanceolate, acute, ¼ of an inch or more long, petals oval to elliptic only slightly larger than the sepals; staminodial scales with 7—9 gland-tipped filaments.

Throughout the Rockies in marshy ground and shaded river shores; flowering in June and early July.

[Sidenote: =Parnassia parviflora= DC. _Small-flowered Grass-of-Parnassus._]

Scapes slender, 4—12 inches high, usually bearing a clasping oval leaf at the middle. Basal leaves on slender petioles, oval or ovate, narrowed at the base, not cordate, ½—1 inch long. Flowers about ⅓ of an inch broad, sepals equalling or somewhat shorter than the elliptic sessile petals; staminodia 5—7 at the base of each petal.

In wet gravelly places at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Parnassia Kotzebuei= Cham. and Schl. _Alpine Grass-of-Parnassus._]

Much smaller than the preceding species. Basal leaves few on petioles less than an inch long; blades broadly ovate, ½ an inch long. Flowers on slender scapes 2—4 inches high, without any bract; sepals oblong, about ¼ of an inch long, equalling or exceeding the elliptic or oval 3-veined petals; staminodia short with 3—5 slender filaments.

Throughout the Rockies at high altitudes on the gravelly borders of alpine ponds or brooks, a very diminutive species, flowering in July.

SAXIFRAGACEÆ

_Saxifrage Family_

Stemmed or stemless herbs with alternate or sometimes opposite or more frequently basal leaves; flowers perfect, racemose, cymose or paniculate; calyx 5-lobed or parted; petals 4 or 5, white, yellow or greenish or sometimes rose-coloured; stamens equal or twice the number of the petals; carpels 1—several, distinct or united.

Placentæ parietal. Flowers solitary and axillary; sepals 4; stamens 4—8. =Chrysosplenium.= Flowers in more or less elongated racemes. Flowers with 2 or 3 equal carpels. Flower-stalk axial from a bulbiferous rootstock. =Lithophragma.= Flower-stalk a lateral shoot from a stout scaly rootstock. Inflorescence racemose. Petals pinnately cut or pinnatifid. Base of the calyx campanulate deeper than the length of the sepals. =Tellima.=

Base of the calyx saucer-shaped, shallower than the length of the sepals. Ovary more than half superior; disc inconspicuous. =Mitella.= Ovary wholly inferior, covered with the prominent disc. =Pectiantia.=

Inflorescence paniculate. =Heuchera.=

Flowers with 2 very unequal carpels. =Tiarella.=

Placentæ axial. Base of the calyx well developed, at maturity longer than the sepals. Stamens 5, plant with short bulblet bearing rootstock. =Hemieva.= Stamens 10. Plants without caudices; only producing annual flowering stems. =Saxifraga.= Plants with perennial leafy caudices, often with offsets. =Muscaria.= Base of the calyx only slightly developed, unchanged at maturity. Leaves alternate, sometimes all basal. Plants stemless. Corolla regular, petals about equal in shape and length. =Micranthes.= Corolla irregular petals of different shape and length. =Spatularia.= Plants with stems. Carpels distinct; leaf-blades toothed. =Leptarrhena.= Carpels partially united; leaf-blades entire. =Leptasea.= Leaves opposite except sometimes on the flower-stalks. =Antiphylla.=

[Sidenote: =Chrysosplenium tetrandrum= Th. Fries. _Golden Saxifrage._]

Perennial with a slender creeping rootstock; stems 1½—6 inches high, branched above. Leaves alternate, the lower ones on petioles 1—2 inches long; blades thick, reniform, ½ an inch or less wide, crenate with 3—5 broad teeth, shining above, paler beneath, upper ones larger and more or less wedge-shaped. Flowers in small clusters in the axils of the upper leaves; sepals 4; stamens 4 opposite the sepals.

In shaded damp ground in the wooded areas through the Rockies at an elevation of 5000 to 6000 feet, where it often forms dense green carpets, the inconspicuous little flowers coming into blossom in June.

[Sidenote: =Lithophragma parviflora= (Hook.) Nutt. _Lithophragma._]

Stems 4—12 inches high, slightly glandular-hairy, from a slender creeping rootstock with rosy bulblets. Leaves palmately divided to the base into 3—5 divisions, ½—1 inch long, twice ternately cleft into oblong or linear divisions; lower ones on petioles 1—2 inches long; stem leaves 1 or 2 similar, sessile. Flowers 3—8 in a slender raceme, base of the calyx and sepals ⅛ of an inch long; petals pure white, deeply 3—5 cut into narrowly oblong divisions.

On grassy slopes and gravelly places throughout the Rockies; flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Tellima grandiflora= (Pursh.) Dougl. _Tellima._]

Flowering branches 1—2 feet high, with long rough hairs, glandular above. Leaves reniform or cordate, sparingly rough-hairy, round lobed, and toothed with broadly ovate teeth; 1½—4 inches broad on hairy petioles 4—8 inches long; stem leaves short-petioled with well developed stipules. Flowers numerous in an elongated raceme; sepals ovate ¼ of an inch long; petals white, purplish or pink with a pinnately cut blade; claws broadly wedge-shaped, ⅛ of an inch long, erect, blade spreading or reflexed with a rounded ovate body and tapering thread-like lobes.

Moist woods and crevices in the rocks, abundant in the Selkirks; flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Mitella nuda= L. _Naked Bishop’s-Cap._]

Perennial, from a slender branched rootstock, producing long runners in late summer; flowering branches scape-like, naked, or rarely with a small leaf, 2—8 inches high, sparingly hairy. Leaves reniform ¾—2 inches in diameter, rounded, crenate or lobed, on petioles 1—3 inches long. Flowers few, in a loose raceme, saucer-shaped; calyx about ¼ of an inch broad, greenish-yellow; petals spreading about twice as long as the sepals, greenish-yellow, pinnately divided into thread-like divisions, resembling snow crystals in form.

Common in the cool woods and shaded mossy bogs throughout the Rockies; flowering in June.

[Illustration: Mitella nuda L. (⅔ Nat.) Naked Bishop’s-Cap.]

[Illustration: Pectiantia pentandra (Hook.) Rydb. (¼ Nat.) Mitrewort.]

[Sidenote: =Pectiantia pentandra= (Hook.) Rydb. _Mitrewort._]

Flowering branches scape-like, 4—12 inches high, naked. Leaves broadly crenate with 9—11 more or less distinct round lobes, thin, 1—2½ inches broad on petioles, 2—4 inches long. Flowers ⅛ of an inch broad in a slender loose raceme, green or often purplish inside; sepals broadly triangular-ovate, obtuse, and recurved; petals yellowish, deeply cut into slender thread-like divisions, twice as long as the calyx; stamens 5, opposite the petals.

Throughout the region in cool woods and shaded springy spots; flowering in early June at the higher altitudes.

[Sidenote: =Pectiantia Breweri= (A. Gray.) Rydb. _Mitrewort._]

Flowering branches 4—8 inches high, leafless. Leaves thin, broadly reniform with many shallow rounded lobes; petioles 2—4 inches long. Flowers in a loose raceme, green, occasionally in pairs; calyx ⅛ of an inch wide; sepals obtuse and reflexed; petals deeply cut into thread-like divisions about twice as long as the sepals; stamens 5, opposite the sepals.

In damp woods throughout the region, growing with the previous species; flowering in early June.

[Sidenote: =Heuchera glabra= Willd. _Smooth Alum-root._]

Flowering stems slender, 4—20 inches high, smooth, 1—3-leaved. Basal leaves on petioles, 2—8 inches long, cordate, deeply 5—7-lobed, thin, shining, 1—4 inches broad and as long or slightly longer, lobes triangular-ovate, acute, doubly and sharply serrate. Flowers in a loose panicle 2—6 inches long; calyx with the turbinate base about ⅛ of an inch long, sparingly fringed with hairs; petals white, broadly spatulate, acute, about twice as long as the sepals; stamens much exserted, with scarlet and orange anthers.

On damp shaded rocks, especially abundant in the Selkirks in the vicinity of Glacier.

[Sidenote: =Heuchera ovalifolia= Nutt. _Round-leaved Alum-root._]

Flowering branches naked, densely glandular-hairy, 1—2 feet high. Leaves round-oval, ½—1½ inches broad, ¾—2 inches long, rounded, slightly heart-shaped at the base, round-lobed and crenate with bristle-tipped teeth. Flowers in a short dense raceme less than 4 inches long, the deeply campanulate, yellowish, densely hairy base of the calyx, with the broadly oblong sepals ¼ of an inch long, petals usually wanting.

On dry rocky banks and hillsides throughout the region, flowering in midsummer.

[Sidenote: =Tiarella unifoliata= Hook. _Foam-Flower._]

Flowering branches 6—15 inches high, 1—4-leaved. Leaves broadly cordate, coarsely 3—5-lobed with broadly ovate-acute lobes, doubly crenate with mucronate teeth; stem leaves short-petioled, basal, on petioles 2—6 inches long. Flowers in a narrow panicle; sepals whitish ovate-oblong, ¹/₁₆ of an inch long, the linear-subulate, white petals and stamens fully three times as long; carpels oblong acute, nearly half an inch long in fruit.