Part 9

A shrub 4—8 feet high, with brown-scurfy young shoots. Leaves with short petioles, ovate or oval, obtuse at the apex, rounded or some of them narrowed at the base, 1—1½ inches long, green and sparingly scurfy, stellate above, densely silvery, stellate, scurfy beneath, some of the scurf usually brown. Flowers small, yellowish, in short spikes at the nodes of the twigs, expanding with or before the leaves; fruit showy ¼ of an inch in diameter, translucent, varying in colour on different plants from orange to brilliant crimson.

Thickets and wooded banks throughout the Rockies; flowering in May or early June.

ONAGRACEÆ

_Evening Primrose Family_

Herbs, with alternate or opposite leaves and perfect flowers; calyx tube adnate to the ovary, 2—6 lobed; petals white, yellow, pink, or purple, folded on each other in the bud; stamens usually as many or twice as many as the petals.

Parts of the flower in 4’s; seeds with tufts of hair on the ends. Calyx tube not prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers large. =Chamænerion.= Calyx tube prolonged beyond the ovary; flowers usually small. =Epilobium.= Parts of the flowers in 2’s; fruit with hooked hairs. =Circæa.=

[Sidenote: =Chamænerion angustifolium= (L.) Scop. _Great Willow-herb, Fire-weed._]

Erect, stout, simple or branched, usually smooth, 2—8 feet high. Leaves numerous, alternate, very short petioled, lanceolate, entire or denticulate, 2—6 inches long, ¼—1 inch wide, pale beneath, thin, acute at the apex, the lateral veins confluent in marginal loops. Flowers ¾—1½ inches broad, reddish-purple, in elongated terminal spike-like racemes, 1—2 feet or more long.

An abundant plant throughout the entire region on open mountain sides and banks, especially where visited by fire, flowering throughout the summer, the air being filled with the white cottony seeds a few weeks after flowering commences.

[Sidenote: =Chamænerion latifolium= (L.) _Sweet Broad-leaved Willow-herb._]

Erect, usually branching, very smooth below, 6—18 inches high. Leaves mostly sessile, 1—2 inches long, ¼—½ an inch wide, denticulate or entire, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acutish at both ends, thick, those of the branches opposite, the veins inconspicuous. Flowers reddish-purple, 1—2 inches broad, mainly in short leafy-bracted racemes; petals entire; stigma 4-lobed.

On gravelly river bars and moist clayey banks throughout the entire region; flowering during July.

[Illustration: _a_ Epilobium luteum Pursh. Yellow Willow-herb. (⅗ Nat.)

_b_ Chamænerion latifolium (L.) Sweet. Broad-Leaved Willow-herb.]

[Sidenote: =Epilobium luteum= Pursh. _Yellow Willow-herb._]

Stems rather stout, 1—2 feet high, usually simple, nearly smooth. Leaves 1—3 inches long, ovate or elliptical to broadly lanceolate, acute or acuminate, sinuate-toothed, sessile, or when large, obliquely tapering to a winged petiole, slightly fleshy. Inflorescence with more or less glandular pubescence; flowers about ¾ of an inch long, not opening widely, pale yellow, rather few, at first nodding in the axils of the upper leaves; style usually exserted and deeply 4-parted.

A rather rare plant in springy places and along alpine brooks, confined to the Selkirks: flowering during July.

[Sidenote: =Epilobium alpinum= L. _Alpine Willow-herb._]

Slender, smooth or nearly so, 3—12 inches high. Leaves pale, petioled, opposite or the upper alternate, obtuse or obtusish at the apex, ½—¾ of an inch long. Flowers, few, white, nearly erect, ¼ of an inch or more broad; stigma nearly entire; capsules slender stalked, 1—2 inches long, seeds beaked.

In damp and springy places at the higher altitudes throughout the region; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Epilobium anagallidifolium= Lam. _Nodding Willow-herb._]

Low, usually tufted, 2—6 inches high, slender, smooth or nearly so; stems commonly hairy in lines and nodding at the apex. Leaves oblong or narrowly ovate, entire or nearly so, obtuse at the apex, narrowed at the base into a short petiole ½—1 inch long. Flowers few, axillary, clustered at the apex, pink-purple, nodding, about ¼ of an inch broad; stigma entire.

On damp stones and along alpine brooks at high elevations throughout the region; flowering during midsummer.

[Illustration: Berberis aquifolium Pursh. (¼ Nat.) Trailing Mahonia.]

[Illustration: Chamænerion angustifolium (L.) Scop. (½ Nat.) Fire-Weed.]

[Sidenote: =Epilobium Hornemanni= Reichb. _Hornemann’s Willow-herb._]

Erect, 6—12 inches high, simple or nearly so, slightly hairy above, otherwise smooth. Leaves short-petioled, ovate or elliptic, mostly, broadly obtuse at the apex, narrow or rounded at the base, entire or rather remotely denticulate, thin, ½—1¼ inches long. Flowers few in the upper axils, pink-purple or violet, ¼ of an inch or more broad; stigma entire.

A frequent and very variable species throughout the region at the higher elevations, along alpine brooks or in damp, partly shaded or springy spots; flowering during June and July.

[Sidenote: =Circæa alpina= L. _Smaller Enchanter’s Nightshade._]

Mostly smooth or slightly hairy above, 3—8 inches high. Leaves acute or acuminate at the apex, more or less cordate at the base, coarsely dentate, 1—2 inches long. Flowers about ⅛ of an inch broad, white, on pedicels nearly ¼ of an inch long, subtended by minute, slender bracts, in a slender raceme; fruit nearly obovoid, about ⅛ of an inch long, covered with weak hooked hairs.

In moist shaded situations and beside alpine brooks, through the Selkirks; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Circæa pacifica=. Achers and Magnus. _Western Enchanter’s Nightshade._]

Mostly smooth, stems usually simple, 6—12 inches high, from a small tuber. Leaves ovate, rounded or cordate at the base, acute or acuminate, repandly dentate, 1—3 inches long, the slender petiole about the same length. Flowers white, very small in slender racemes, without bracts; fruit about ⅛ of an inch long loosely covered with soft curved hairs.

Growing oftentimes with the other species in moist shaded situations through the Selkirks; flowering in July.

ARALIACEÆ

_Ginseng Family_

Herbs, shrubs or trees with alternate or verticillate leaves, and flowers in umbels, heads or panicles; calyx tube adnate to the ovary; petals usually 5, sometimes cohering together; stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them; seeds flattened, somewhat 3-angled with a coloured, fleshy covering.

Herbs; leaves compound. =Aralia.= Shrubs; leaves simple. =Echinopanax.=

[Sidenote: =Aralia nudicaulis= L. _Wild Sarsaparilla._]

Acaulescent or nearly so, rootstock long. Leaf usually solitary, arising with the peduncle from a very short stem; petiole erect, 6—12 inches long, primary divisions of the leaf slender, stalked, pinnately 3—5 foliate; leaflets sessile or short-stalked, oval or ovate, acuminate, rounded at the base, finely serrate, 2—5 inches long, often hairy on the veins beneath. Flowers on a peduncle usually shorter than the leaves; umbels usually three, nearly round, composed of numerous small greenish flowers.

In rich woods throughout the region, flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Echinopanax horridum= (Smith) Dec. and Planch. _Devil’s Club._]

Very prickly throughout; stems erect from a decumbent base 4—12 feet high, leafy at the top. Leaves roundish, cordate, prickly on both sides, palmately lobed, more or less hairy beneath, 6—24 inches long. Flowers greenish-white in a dense terminal paniculate umbel; petals 5; stamens 5, alternate with the petals; fruit berry-like, laterally compressed, bright scarlet when ripe.

An ornamental though very prickly shrub, in moist rich woods throughout the region, sparingly in the Rockies, west of the divide, but very abundant in the Selkirks where it frequently forms dense impenetrable thickets, flowering in early summer.

[Illustration: Echinopanax horridum (Smith) Dec. & Planch. (½ Nat.) Devil’s Club.]

APIACEÆ

_Celery Family_

Herbs with alternate, compound or simple leaves; flowers small, white, yellow or purple in compound flat heads; fruit dry, usually of two flattened carpels.

Stems 1—2 feet high. Leaves pinnately or ternately compound, cut into fine divisions. Flowers yellow or white; not purple. =Lomatium.= Flowers purple. =Leptotænia.= Leaves simple or 3-lobed; flowers yellow. =Zizia.= Stems 2—3 feet high; leaves ternate. =Ligusticum.= Stems 4—8 feet high, soft-hairy. Leaves ternately divided; flowers white. =Heracleum.=

[Sidenote: =Lomatium macrocarpum= (Nutt.) C. and R. _Large-seeded Parsley._]

Nearly stemless, 4—24 inches high, more or less hairy, much branched at the base from an elongated thick root. Leaves pinnately compound, segments pinnately-incised, on rather short petioles, purplish at the base; flowers white or pinkish in a somewhat equally 3—10-rayed umbel; rays 1—4 inches long.

In dry stony ground throughout the Rockies, very abundant on the lower ridges in the vicinity of Banff; flowering in early June.

[Sidenote: =Lomatum triternatum= (Pursh). C. and R. _Narrow-leaved Parsley._]

Purplish at the base, with or without stems, 1—2 feet high, slightly hairy. Leaves twice or thrice ternate, the leaflets narrowly linear, 2—4 inches long. Flowers small, deep yellow in an unequal umbel of 5—18 rays, with slender bracts.

Through the Rockies on dry ridges and grassy slopes; flowering in early June.

[Sidenote: =Leptotænia multifida= Nutt. _Cut-leaved Parsley._]

Stems 1—3 feet high, very leafy at the base, from a large fleshy rootstock. Leaves ternate or thrice pinnate, segments very finely cut. Flowers small, brownish-purple in nearly equal 8—20 rayed, rounded umbels, 3—4 inches in diameter, usually without an involucre.

A most striking plant from its beautifully dissected leaves and rather large heads of rich brownish-purple flowers blossoming in June; on grassy slopes of Stony Squaw, Banff.

[Sidenote: =Zizia cordata= (Walt.) Koch. _Heart-leaved Alexanders._]

Stout, erect, branched, and smooth or somewhat hairy, 1—2 feet high. Basal and lower leaves long-petioled, broadly ovate or orbicular, undivided, deeply cordate at the base, 1—3 inches long, crenate; stem leaves short-petioled, ternate, the segments ovate or oval, crenate or lobed. Flowers small, bright yellow, in nearly flat 7—16 rayed umbels, 1—2 inches in diameter.

Common on the eastern slopes and foothills of the Rockies; flowering in May and early June.

[Sidenote: =Ligusticum apiifolium= (Nutt.) A. Gray. _Wild Parsley._]

Smooth throughout except the slightly hairy inflorescence and rough leaf margins; stems 2—3 feet high with 1—3 rather small leaves with inflated petioles. Leaves ternately divided, the segments usually distinct, ovate, deeply cleft into linear acute, sharply serrate or entire lobes. Flowers white in nearly flat, many rayed umbels, 2—3 inches in diameter.

Abundant in wet places and along streams through the Selkirks, especially so in the Asulkan Valley at Glacier; flowering in June and July.

[Sidenote: =Heracleum lanatum= Michx. _Cow-parsnip._]

Very stout, soft-hairy, 4—8 feet high, the stems rigid, often 2 inches thick at the base. Leaves petioled, ternately divided, very hairy beneath, the segments broadly ovate or orbicular, cordate, stalked, lobed or sharply serrate, rather thin, 3—6 inches broad; petioles much inflated. Flowers white in 8—30 rayed umbels, 6—12 inches broad, the rays stout, 2—4 inches long.

Common throughout the region in wet places along streams and river banks, frequently growing in great masses; flowering in June and July.

[Illustration: Cornus canadensis intermedia Farr. (½ Nat.) Bunch-Berry.]

CORNACEÆ

_Dogwood Family_

Shrubs or trees with simple, opposite, verticillate or alternate leaves, usually entire; flowers in cymes, heads, or rarely solitary; sepals and petals 4 or 5, stamens as many as the petals or more numerous and inserted with them; fruit a drupe.

[Sidenote: =Cornus canadensis intermedia= Farr. _Dwarf Cornel. Bunch-berry._]

Smooth, herbaceous from a nearly horizontal rootstock, woody only at the base; flowering stems, erect, scaly, 5—7 inches high. Leaves verticillate at the summit of the stem or sometimes 1 or 2 pairs of opposite ones below, sessile, oval, ovate or obovate, smooth or minutely appressed, pubescent, acute at each end or sometimes rounded at the base, entire, 1—3 inches long. Flowers small, capitate, purple, surrounded by a white involucre of 4—6 petaloid-ovate bracts, ⅓—¾ of an inch long; stamens alternate with the petals; styles exserted, deep purple; fruit globose, ⅓ of an inch in diameter in a close head; bright red.

Common throughout the region in moist woods flowering in early summer.

[Sidenote: =Cornus stolonifera= Michx. _Red-stemmed Dogwood._]

Shrub 3—16 feet high, usually stoloniferous, the twigs smooth and bright reddish-purple or the youngest finely hairy. Leaves slender-petioled, ovate, ovate-lanceolate or oval, acute or short acuminate, rounded or narrowed at the base, finely close-hairy above, white or whitish and sparingly hairy beneath or sometimes smooth on both surfaces, 1—5 inches long. Flowers in flat-topped cymes, 1—2 inches broad, petals white, less than ¼ of an inch long; berries white or whitish.

In moist places and along streams and river banks throughout the region; an attractive shrub, sometimes forming thickets of considerable size, the red stems contrasting beautifully with the dark green leaves; flowering in June.

PYROLACEÆ

_Wintergreen Family_

Low, mostly evergreen perennials with branched rootstocks and petioled leaves; flowers nearly regular, white or pink; calyx 4—5-lobed; corolla deeply 4—5-parted or of 5 petals; stamens twice as many as the divisions of the corolla, anthers opening by pores or short slits; stigma 5-lobed.

Flowers racemose; leaves basal. =Pyrola.= Flowers solitary or corymbose; leaves opposite or whorled. Stem leafy at base; flower solitary; style long. =Moneses.= Stem horizontal; branches erect, leafy; style short. =Chimaphila.=

[Sidenote: =Pyrola chlorantha= Sw. _Greenish-flowered Wintergreen._]

Stems 4—10 inches high, 3—10 flowered. Leaves all basal, small, orbicular or broadly oval, mostly obtuse at both ends, sometimes narrowed at the base, thick, leathery, dull, obscurely crenulate or entire, ½—1 inch long, shorter than or equalling the petioles. Flowers greenish-white, nodding, slightly odorous, about half an inch broad; stamens and style declined, ascending; anther sacs short-beaked.

On dry wooded slopes throughout the Rockies; flowering during June.

[Sidenote: =Pyrola uliginosa= Torr. _Bog Wintergreen._]

Scape 6—12 inches high, 7—15-flowered. Leaves broadly oval or orbicular, dull, rather thick, obscurely crenulate, obtuse at both ends. Flowers frequently over half an inch broad; calyx lobes oblong or ovate-lanceolate, ¼—⅓ the length of the petals; style and stamens declined; anther sacs beaked.

In bogs throughout the Rockies, a very pretty species with bright rosy flowers and rounded leaves; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Pyrola asarifolia= Michx. _Liver-leaf Wintergreen._]

Stem 6—15 inches high, 7—15-flowered. Leaves reniform, usually wider than long, thick, shining above, obtuse at the apex, cordate at the base, crenulate, 1—1½ inches long, usually shorter than the narrowly margined petioles. Flowers ½—¾ of an inch broad, pink, nodding in a slender raceme 2—4 inches long; stamens and style declined, ascending; style exserted.

In damp ground, in woods and swamps throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

[Illustration: _a_ Pyrola asarifolia Michx. Liver-Leaf Wintergreen.

_b_ Pyrola uliginosa Torr.

_c_ Moneses uniflora (L.) A. Gray. One-Flowered Wintergreen. (⅔ Nat.)]

[Sidenote: =Pyrola minor= L. _Lesser Wintergreen._]

Leaf blades thin, broadly oval or nearly orbicular, dark green, crenulate, obtuse but sometimes with a spine-tipped apex, rounded, slightly narrowed or subcordate at the base ½—1 inch long. Flowers pinkish, ¼ inch broad, nodding, in a close raceme; style straight included, stamens not inclined.

In damp mossy places throughout the region at the higher altitudes; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Pyrola secunda= L. _One-sided Wintergreen._]

Stems generally several together, from the much branched rootstock, slender, 4—10 inches high. Leaves ovate or often oval, thin, acute or rarely obtuse at the apex, rounded or narrowed at the base, crenulate-serrate, ¾—2 inches long, longer than the petioles. Flowers greenish-white, ¼ of an inch or more broad, many, at first erect but soon drooping, in a dense one-sided raceme; style straight, exserted; stamens not declined.

Common in woods throughout the region at the lower altitudes; flowering during early July.

[Sidenote: =Moneses uniflora= (L.) A. Gray. _One-flowered Wintergreen._]

Stem bearing 1—3 pairs or whorls of leaves at the base, continued above into a bracted or naked scape 2—6 inches high. Leaves orbicular or ovate, obtuse at the apex, narrowed, rounded or sometimes subcordate at the base, rather thin, ¼—1 inch long, longer than or equalling the petioles. Flowers white, ½—¾ of an inch broad, nodding at the summit of the stem; petals spreading; capsule ¼ of an inch in diameter, about as long as the persistent style and lobed stigma; the stamens in pairs opposite each petal.

In mossy spots in the woods throughout the region; flowering in early July.

[Illustration: Chimaphila umbellata (L.) Nutt. (⅔ Nat.) Prince’s Pine.]

[Illustration: Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (L.) Spreng. (½ Nat.) Bear-Berry.]

[Sidenote: =Chimaphila umbellata= (L.) Nutt. _Pipsissewa, Prince’s Pine._]

Stems extensively creeping, sending up both sterile and flowering branches 3—12 inches high. Leaves numerous, crowded near the summit of the stem, spatulate or cuneate-oblanceolate, obtuse or acutish at the apex, sharply serrate, bright green and shining, 1—2½ inches long, ¼—1 inch wide above the middle. Flowers several in an umbellate head, waxy white or pink, the form of the region being usually bright, rosy pink, ½ an inch or more broad, petals spreading with the rosy pink anthers opposite them in pairs; capsule about ¼ of an inch broad surmounted by the short style.

Locally abundant throughout the region; flowering during July.

ERICACEÆ

_Heath Family_

In our species, shrubs with simple leaves and perfect flowers; calyx free from the ovary 4—5-parted, mostly persistent; corolla regular, 4—5-toothed, -lobed or -parted; stamens usually as many or twice as many as the corolla lobes; anthers 2-celled, attached to the filaments by the back or base, the sacs, often prolonged upwardly into tubes; ovary 2—5-celled; fruit a capsule, berry or drupe.

Fruit a berry or drupe. Calyx becoming large and fleshy. =Gaultheria.= Calyx small. Leaves thick and leathery; drupe reddish-brown. =Arctostaphylos.= Leaves membranous, veiny; drupe scarlet. =Mairania.= Fruit a dry capsule. Anther cells each with a recurved tip. =Cassiope.= Anther cells not appendaged. Corolla with united petals. Bracts firm, persistent; no scaly leaf-buds. Leaves heath-like; corolla without pouches. =Phyllodoce.= Leaves lanceolate; corolla with pouches. =Kalmia.= Bracts thin, deciduous; leaf-buds scaly. Corolla funnel-form, 5-lobed. =Azaleastrum.= Corolla globose, 4-toothed. =Menziesia.= Corolla with distinct petals. Flowers white, umbelled; leaves evergreen. =Ledum.=

[Illustration: _a_ Oxycoccus oxycoccus (L.) MacM. Small Cranberry.

_b_ Gaultheria ovatifolia A. Gray. Ovate-Leaved Wintergreen.

_c_ Vitis-idæa vitis-idæa (L.) Britton. Mountain Cranberry. (¾ Nat.)]

[Sidenote: =Gaultheria ovatifolia= A. Gray. _Ovate-leaved Wintergreen._]

Depressed, trailing, with ascending branches with rusty hairs. Leaves broadly ovate, ½—1 inch long, serrulate, dark green and shining above, lighter beneath. Flowers pink or nearly white, campanulate, less than ¼ of an inch long, on short solitary pedicels in the axils of the leaves; fruit bright scarlet, ⅓ of an inch in diameter.

A rather rare plant in the region but abundant in places on the slopes of Avalanche Mountain at Glacier.

[Sidenote: =Gaultheria humifusa= (Graham) Rydb. _Low Wintergreen._]

Tufted, creeping or depressed, smooth, the flowering branches 1—5 inches long. Leaves oval or rounded, mostly only ½ an inch long; pedicels solitary in the axils, very short, 3—5 bracteolate. Flowers depressed-campanulate, white or pinkish, little surpassing the calyx; fruit scarlet, ⅓ of an inch in diameter.

Common in alpine meadows throughout the Rockies and Selkirks; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi= (L.) _Spreng. Bear-berry._]

Trailing or spreading on the ground; branches 6—24 inches long, the twigs soft-hairy. Leaves leathery, evergreen, spatulate, obtuse, entire, smooth or minutely hairy toward the base, ½—1 inch long, ⅓ as wide, short-petioled. Flowers ¼ of an inch or less long, ovoid, constricted at the throat, rosy pink or white, few, in short racemes at the ends of the branches.

In dry sandy or stony soil throughout the Rockies at the lower elevations; flowering in early June.

[Sidenote: =Mairania alpina= (L.) Desv. _Alpine Bear-berry._]

Tufted or depressed-prostrate, branches 2—5 inches high, the twigs smooth or nearly so. Leaves thin, obovate, crenulate, conspicuously reticulate-veined, ½—1 inch long, ⅓ as wide. Flowers few, appearing before or with the leaves from scaly buds; corolla ¼ of an inch long, white, ovoid, constricted at the throat; berry bright scarlet.

Growing in moss on the wooded slopes throughout the Rockies, flowering in May and early June.

[Sidenote: =Cassiope Mertensiana= (Bong.) Don. _White Heath._]

Rather stout with rigid, ascending, woody, much branched stems, a foot or less high. Leaves ½ an inch long, smooth, not furrowed on the back, closely crowded in 4-ranks. Flowers pure white, nodding, campanulate, ¼ of an inch long with 5 deeply cut obtuse spreading lobes, on smooth peduncles half an inch or less long, near the tips of the apparently 4-sided stems; calyx smooth, usually red, making the bell-like flowers appear red and white.

Throughout the region at the higher elevations, frequently carpeting the ground; flowering in late June and early July.

[Sidenote: =Phyllodoce glanduliflora= (Hook.) Coville. _White False-heather._]

Stems rather rigid, much branched, 3—12 inches high. Leaves numerous and crowded but spreading, linear, oblong, obtuse, ¼—½ an inch long, thick, leathery with a white line through the centre below and deeply furrowed above, the margins thick and rough. Flowers ovoid, glandular throughout, less than ¼ of an inch long, much contracted at the throat, short-lobed, on glandular pedicels ½—1 inch long at the ends of the branches.

In alpine meadows and woods at the higher elevations throughout the region; flowering during June and early July, often in clumps of considerable size.

[Sidenote: =Phyllodoce intermedia= (Hook.) Rydb. _Pink False-heather._]

Much branched, from a more or less decumbent base, 6—12 inches high. Leaves linear, ¼—½ an inch long, obtuse, leathery, with thickened revolute, slightly glandular-toothed margins. Flowers pale pink, ¼ of an inch long, urn-shaped, slightly contracted at the throat, with 5 spreading lobes; at the ends of the branches on glandular pedicels ½—1 inch long; calyx slightly glandular; corolla smooth; slightly fragrant.

Throughout the region growing in the same situations as the other heathers, and often associated with them, perhaps a hybrid; flowering in late June and through July.

[Illustration: _a_ Phyllodoce empetriformis (Smith) Don. Red False-Heather.

_b_ Phyllodoce glanduliflora (Hook.) Rydb. White False-Heather.

_c_ Cassiope Mertensiana (Bong.) Don.

(¾ Nat.)]

[Sidenote: =Phyllodoce empetriformis= (Smith) D. Don. _Red False-heather._]

Much branched from the base, 6—12 inches high. Leaves linear, obtuse, ¼—½ an inch long, with strongly revolute, thick rough margins. Flowers ¼ of an inch long, bright rose-colour, campanulate, with broad, spreading obtuse lobes, very fragrant, on slender, slightly glandular pedicels ½—1 inch long at the ends of the stems; calyx and corolla smooth.

Abundant throughout the region at the higher elevations, in the same situations as the two previous species and flowering with them during late June and early July.

[Sidenote: =Kalmia microphylla= (Hook.) Heller. _Small-leaved Swamp Laurel._]

A smooth shrub, 2—6 inches high with erect or ascending branches, the twigs 2-edged. Leaves opposite, short petioled, less than ½ an inch long, oblong or ovate, obtuse, narrowed at the base, the margins revolute. Flowers on slender pedicels 1—1½ inches long, few in simple umbels terminating the branches; corolla saucer-shaped, bright rosy pink about ½ an inch in diameter.

Frequent in mossy alpine bogs and meadows throughout the region at the higher altitudes; flowering during June and early July.

[Sidenote: =Azaleastrum albiflorum= (Hook.) Rydb. _White Rhododendron._]

A shrub with stems 2—6 feet high, with slender hairy branches more or less glandular when young, nearly smooth with age. Leaves, thin, light green and shining above, paler beneath, oblong, 1—2 inches long, with slightly wavy margins. Flowers white, nearly an inch broad, open, with 5-spreading lobes; on short nodding stems in numerous clusters of 1—3 near the ends of the branches, on wood of the previous year; sepals nearly ½ an inch long and leaf-like, filaments bearded at the base; stigma peltate, 5-lobed.

On the wooded hillsides at the higher elevations through the Rockies, but much lower in the Selkirks; flowering in June and July.

[Illustration: Ledum grœnlandicum Œder. (⅔ Nat.) Labrador Tea.]

[Illustration: Azaleastrum albiflorum (Hook.) Rydb. (½ Nat.) White Rhododendron.]

[Sidenote: =Menziesia ferruginea= Smith. _Smooth Menziesia._]

A shrub 2—6 feet high, twigs more or less chaffy. Leaves obovate, obtuse and glandular-tipped at the apex, pale, glaucous and smooth or very nearly so beneath, sparingly hairy above, ¾—1½ inches long, the margins ciliolate. Flowers 1—5 on glandular pedicels ½—1 inch long in spreading umbels, becoming erect, corolla ¼ of an inch long, cream and pink or salmon, urn-shaped, with 4 spreading teeth; stamens 8, included, with hairy filaments.

Throughout the region in moist woods and slopes; flowering during June.

[Sidenote: =Ledum Grœnlandicum Œder.= _Labrador Tea._]

A shrub 1—4 feet high, with twigs densely rusty woolly. Leaves oblong, obtuse, 1—2 inches long, ¼—½ an inch wide, green and deeply veined above, densely brown woolly beneath, the margins strongly revolute. Flowers numerous, white, nearly ½ an inch broad in close umbels or corymbs; petals 5, narrow, spreading.

Abundant throughout the region at the lower altitudes in bogs and swamps; flowering during June.

VACCINIACEÆ

_Huckleberry Family_