Part 13

Smooth, slender and branched, 6—12 inches high. Leaves with short glandular hairs on both surfaces or smooth, the basal broadly ovate, petioled, dentate, 3-ribbed; stem-leaves about 2 pairs, similar, the upper sessile. Heads several on slender glandular peduncles, disc ½ an inch or less high; involucral bracts, 12—15, lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-hairy as are also the seeds; pappus white; rays about ¾ of an inch long, narrow, bright yellow with a single notch at the apex.

On alpine slopes throughout the Rockies; flowering in July, not common.

[Illustration: _a_ Arnica cordifolia Hook. Heart-Leaved Arnica.

_b_ Arnica louiseana Farr. Pale-Flowered Arnica. (⅗ Nat.)]

[Sidenote: =Arnica latifolia= Bong. _Broad-leaved Arnica._]

Minutely hairy or nearly smooth, simple or branched. Leaves thin, nearly smooth, or with long scattered hairs; the lower cordate; stem leaves in 2—3 pairs, equal, ovate or oval, sharply dentate, closely sessile by the broad base, or the lowest with contracted bases. Heads ¾ of an inch high on long, slender, hairy peduncles; involucral bracts ½ an inch or more long; oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, with scattered hairs, rays yellow, ¾ of an inch long, with 2 notches at the apex; achenes nearly smooth; pappus white.

Throughout the region in woods and open ground usually at an elevation of 5000 to 7000 feet; flowering during July.

[Sidenote: =Arnica Chamissonis= Less. _Chamisso’s Arnica._]

From lightly hairy to densely so or nearly smooth, 1—2 feet high. Leaves rather thin, hairy, oblong to oblong-lanceolate, dentate or denticulate, acute or obtuse, lowest tapering into a margined petiole, upper broad at the base and somewhat clasping. Heads ½ an inch or more high, single or several on hairy peduncles; involucral bracts ⅓ of an inch or more long, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, glandular-hairy; rays bright yellow, ½ an inch or more long with a single notch at the apex, rather broad; achenes with a few scattered hairs; pappus tawny.

On the borders of streams and wet places at the lower altitudes throughout the region; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Arnica louiseana= Farr. _Pale-flowered Arnica._]

Slender, hairy, 3—8 inches high. Leaves in about 3 pairs, the two lowest at the base of the stem, 1½—2 inches long, elliptical or obovate, entire or denticulate, glandular-hairy on both surfaces, as are the margins. Heads of flowers, 1—3, nearly half an inch broad, on long, slender, nodding, hairy peduncles; rays 8—10, light yellow, about ½ an inch long; involucre ⅓ of an inch high, campanulate, densely glandular-hairy at the base, brownish-purple, the bracts lanceolate, acute, with scattered white hairs; pappus white.

Among loose stones at the base of Mt. Fairview at Lake Louise; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Arnica fulgens= Pursh. _Alpine Arnica._]

Glandular-hairy throughout, 8—12 inches high. Leaves oblong lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, the lower denticulate and petioled, the upper sessile and entire. Heads of flowers several on long, slender, glandular-hairy peduncles; involucres campanulate, ½ an inch high, bracts lanceolate acute, glandular and with long white hairs; rays bright yellow ¾—1 inch long, ¼ of an inch wide, twice notched at the apex; achenes hairy; pappus white.

On stony alpine slopes at the higher altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Arnica eradiata= (A. Gray.) Heller. _Rayless Arnica._]

Densely soft-hairy throughout; simple or branched, 12—18 inches high. Leaves oblong, ovate-lanceolate or the upper ones lanceolate, obtuse or acute, entire or sharply denticulate, 1—3 inches long. Heads of flowers on short, hairy peduncles, without rays; involucre ½ an inch high, bracts lanceolate, acute; achenes black, smooth or nearly so; pappus tawny.

On grassy alpine slopes through the Rockies at the higher elevations; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Senecio pseudaureus= Rydb. _Western Golden Ragwort._]

Smooth from a creeping rootstock, 1—2 feet high. Leaves smooth, basal broadly ovate, somewhat cordate, serrate, 1½—3 inches long, long-petioled; stem leaves more or less laciniate at the base, the upper sessile. Heads of flowers ⅓ of an inch high in a flat-topped corymb, rays bright orange-yellow, ⅓ of an inch long.

In moist ground and borders of woods and slopes throughout the Rockies at the lower altitudes; flowering during June and early July.

[Sidenote: =Senecio discoideus= (Hook.) Britton. _Northern Squaw-root._]

Smooth except for the small tufts of wool in the axils of the lower leaves; stem rather stout, 1—2 feet tall. Basal leaves oval or ovate, thin, sharply dentate, abruptly narrowed into petioles longer than the blade; stem leaves few, small, more or less irregularly cut. Heads few or numerous, corymbose; bracts of the involucre narrowly linear, nearly ½ an inch high; rays very short or wanting; achenes smooth.

Frequent throughout the Rockies on river shores and borders of woods and thickets; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Senecio flavovirens= Rydb. _Western Balsam Groundsel._]

Light or yellowish-green, slender, woolly in tufts at the base of the leaves or smooth in age; stem 12—18 inches high, striate, pale. Leaves 1—3 inches long, at the base obovate or broadly oval, generally tapering into the petiole but sometimes truncate at the base, obtuse, crenate or sinuate, light green; lower stem-leaves lanceolate in outline and petioled, the upper lanceolate or linear and sessile, deeply pinnatifid with narrow oblong or linear segments, cymes contracted, corymbose. Heads ¼ of an inch or more high; bracts linear, acute, yellowish-green and occasionally with brownish tips; rays pale yellow, ½ an inch long, 4-nerved or often lacking.

In the lower valleys of the Rockies, on the borders of woods, thickets, and marshes; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Senecio canus= Hook. _Silvery Groundsel._]

Permanently silvery-hairy with felted hairs; stems several, 6—12 inches high from a woody base. Leaves sometimes all undivided, the radicle and lower from spatulate to oblong or roundish-oval, ½—1½ inches long, slender-petioled, sometimes laciniate-toothed, or pinnatifid. Heads of flowers few and terminal, ⅓ to nearly half an inch high; rays yellow, nearly ½ an inch long.

In stony dry ground and slopes throughout the Rockies at the lower altitudes; flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Senecio lugens= Richards. _Black-tipped Groundsel._]

More or less woolly when young, soon smooth; stem stout, 1—3 feet high. Basal and lower leaves oblong or oval, obtuse or acute, denticulate or dentate, 2—5 inches long, ½—1½ inches wide, narrowed into margined petioles; upper leaves few, sessile, small and bract-like. Heads of flowers several or numerous, corymbose, often short-peduncled, ½ to nearly an inch broad; involucre campanulate, ¼—⅓ of an inch high, its bracts lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, acute, green with conspicuous black tips; rays 10—12, bright yellow, ½ an inch long.

In moist soil at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Senecio triangularis= Hook. _Giant Ragwort._]

Rather stout, simple, 2—5 feet high. Leaves thin, all more or less petioled and dentate, deltoid-lanceolate or the lower triangular-hastate or deltoid-cordate, the uppermost lanceolate, with cuneate base. Heads of flowers about ½ an inch high, numerous in a flat open cyme; involucre campanulate; rays 8—12, bright yellow, oblong-linear, ¼—⅓ of an inch long.

In wet ground and along the borders of streams and wet slopes at 5000 to 6000 feet elevation throughout the Rockies; at much lower altitudes in the Selkirks where it is a very abundant plant; flowering in June and early July.

[Sidenote: =Petasites palmata= (Ait.) A. Gray. _Palmate-leaved Coltsfoot._]

Scape slender and scaly, 6—24 inches high. Leaves nearly orbicular in outline, 3—12 inches broad, deeply 7—11-cleft to much beyond the middle, green and smooth above, densely white-woolly beneath, at least when young; the lobes oblong to obovate-acute, often somewhat wedge-shaped, sharply dentate or cut. Heads mostly diœcious, numerous, corymbose, ⅓—½ an inch broad; flowers usually white, fragrant, the marginal ones of the pistillate heads with narrow pinkish or white rays about ¼ of an inch long; cottony in fruit.

In wet places and along streams at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in May and early June before the leaves appear.

[Sidenote: =Petasites sagittata= (Pursh.) A. Gray. _Arrow-leaved Coltsfoot._]

Scape slender and scaly, 6—12 inches high. Leaves deltoid-ovate or reniform-ovate, persistently white-tomentose beneath; smooth or nearly so above, 4—10 inches long, thin, margins sinuate-dentate, not cleft or lobed. Heads diœcious, loosely corymbose, involucre campanulate, ⅓ of an inch high; flowers nearly white, the marginal ones of the pistillate heads with white rays.

In similar situations to the preceding; in wet places and along streams at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies; readily distinguished by the shape of its leaves; flowering in May and early June.

[Sidenote: =Petasites frigida= (L.) Fries. _Arctic Coltsfoot._]

Scape very, scaly, 3—10 inches high. Leaves thin, hastate-reniform to triangular-ovate, 1—4 inches long, irregularly and angulately lobed and incised, smooth and green above, persistently white-woolly beneath, the lobes entire or few-toothed. Heads usually few, ½ an inch or more high in a capitate corymb; involucre short, campanulate; flowers nearly white and fragrant, the marginal ones of the pistillate heads with white or pinkish rays ¼ of an inch or more long.

In shaded wet places and along alpine brooks at the high altitudes throughout the region; flowering during June and July with the expanding leaves.

[Sidenote: =Achillea lanulosa= Nutt. _Yarrow._]

Woolly throughout; stems simple, 6 inches to 2 feet high. Leaves narrowly oblong in outline, bi-pinnately dissected into numerous small linear divisions. Heads numerous, crowded into a rather contracted cyme; involucre oblong, nearly ¼ of an inch high; bracts lanceolate, green with brown translucent borders; rays 4—5, white, broadly obovate, notched and spreading, about the length of the involucre.

Open ground, slopes and meadows throughout the region; flowering during July.

[Sidenote: =Chrysanthemum leucanthemum= L. _Ox-eye Daisy. White Daisy._]

Smooth, simple, 1—3 feet high, often tufted, the branches nearly erect. Leaves smooth, the basal oblong or spatulate, coarsely dentate or incised, narrowed into long, slender petioles; stem-leaves mostly sessile or partly clasping, 1—3 inches long, linear, pinnately-incised or toothed, the uppermost small, nearly entire. Heads few or solitary, 1—2 inches broad on long naked peduncles, rays 20—30, white and spreading; disc flat, bright yellow, bracts of the involucre lanceolate or obtuse, smooth with translucent margins.

In open ground throughout the region; flowering during July.

[Sidenote: =Artemisia frigida= Willd _Pasture Wormwood._]

Simple or branching, silky-hairy and silvery throughout; stems numerous and spreading, about a foot high. Leaves mainly twice ternately divided into linear crowded lobes. Heads globular, about ⅛ of an inch in diameter, numerous, in more or less racemose heads; involucre pale, greenish-yellow, woolly; bracts narrow and herbaceous.

In open dry ground and on banks throughout the Rockies at the lower altitudes; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Artemisia discolor= Dougl. _Green Wormwood._]

Stems slender, 9—12 inches high, spreading from a woody base. Leaves pinnately parted into narrow, linear or lanceolate, entire or spreading cut divisions and lobes, white beneath with cottony hairs, green and nearly smooth above. Heads ⅛ of an inch high, numerous in a wand-like panicle; involucre hemispherical-campanulate, greenish and smooth or nearly so, 20—30 flowered.

On Rocky slopes throughout the region; flowering in June or July.

[Sidenote: =Antennaria lanata= (Hook.) Greene. _Alpine Everlasting._]

Densely white-woolly; stem simple, 2—6 inches high. Lower leaves spatulate-lanceolate, 1—1½ inches long, the upper linear with conspicuous papery tips. Heads several in a close cluster at the end of the stem, ½ an inch high; involucre nearly ¼ of an inch high, conspicuously woolly at the base, the inner bracts with conspicuous white tips, the outer straw-colour or greenish.

An alpine plant in meadows and on slopes from 7000 feet up; flowering during July.

[Sidenote: =Antennaria pulcherrima= (Hook.) Greene. _Tall Alpine Everlasting._]

White-woolly throughout, stem simple, 6—18 inches high. Leaves spatulate to lanceolate or linear, 1—4 inches long, acute, nerved. Heads numerous in a close capitate cluster, ½—1 inch high, outer bracts of the involucre straw-colour or greenish, rounded and often notched at the apex; inner ones nearly white.

In moist open ground in the Rockies at the lower elevations; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Antennaria racemose= Hook. _White Everlasting._]

Lightly woolly, becoming smooth, stems 6—20 inches high, slender, sparsely leafy. Leaves thin, the radicle broadly oval, an inch or two long, obscurely 3-nerved at the base, rather veiny, the lower stem leaves oblong, the upper smaller and lanceolate. Heads of flowers about ¼ of an inch high, all on slender peduncles in a loose raceme, involucral bracts, thin and translucent, greenish-yellow or brownish.

On shaded slopes throughout the Rockies, at the higher altitudes; flowering in June.

[Sidenote: =Antennaria Howellii= Greene. _Howell’s Everlasting._]

More or less woolly; stem 6—10 inches high. Leaves rather thin, the lower spatulate, acute, 1—2 inches long, green above, woolly beneath; stem leaves lanceolate, clasping, 1 inch long, becoming smaller toward the summit. Heads in a compact capitate cluster, ½ an inch or more in diameter, woolly at the base; involucral bracts very narrow, acute, thin, and translucent, straw-colour, the outer ones densely woolly and occasionally rosy.

In dry ground and on slopes, frequent in the Rockies at the lower altitudes.

[Sidenote: =Antennaria parvifolia= Nutt. _Mountain Everlasting._]

Plant silvery throughout, freely spreading; stems prostrate and leafy, forming mats of considerable extent; flowering stems 2—8 inches high. Leaves from obovate to spatulate, ½ an inch or less long, persistently white-woolly. Heads in compact terminal clusters about ⅓ of an inch broad; involucral bracts, lanceolate, obtuse, thin and translucent, yellowish.

In dry sterile ground at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in June, frequently growing with the next species which it closely resembles in manner of growth.

[Sidenote: =Antennaria rosea= (D. C. Eaton) Greene. _Pink Everlasting._]

Silvery throughout, stems prostrate and leafy, forming broad mats; flowering stems 6—15 inches high. Leaves very thin in texture, densely hairy, lanceolate to linear, ½—1½ inches long, acute. Heads small, closely compacted into a rounded terminal cluster, ½ an inch or more in diameter; involucral bracts in 2 series, lanceolate, the outer greenish and woolly, the inner from pink to bright rose-colour.

In dry sterile or moist open ground throughout the Rockies up to an elevation of 6,000 feet; flowering in June and July.

[Sidenote: =Anaphalis subalpina= (A. Gray) Rydb. _Pearly Everlasting._]

A foot or two high in tufts, very leafy, the white tufts of woolly hairs rarely becoming tawny. Leaves 2—5 inches long, broadly lanceolate, green above, white-woolly beneath. Heads numerous, ¼ of an inch high in a contracted corymb; involucral bracts numerous, ovate-lanceolate, pearly white, spreading in age.

Abundant throughout the region in dry or moist ground and on slopes up to an altitude of 7000 feet; flowering in June and July.

[Sidenote: =Carduus Kelseyi= Rydb. _White Thistle._]

Stems 18 inches to 4 feet tall, striate, more or less cobwebby-woolly. Leaves linear, sinuately toothed and fringed, with rather weak spines, green above, cottony beneath. Heads several in a leafy spike, 1—1½ inches high, subtended by linear, cut and bristly-fringed and cobwebby-hairy leaves; bracts rather unequal, lanceolate, a few of the outermost with weak spines, the rest unarmed but with a long slender tip; corolla cream-colour.

Open ground and on slopes at the lower altitudes throughout the Rockies; flowering in July.

[Sidenote: =Carduus undulatus= Nutt. _Wavy-leaved Thistle._]

Persistently white-tomentose, 1—3 feet high, branching. Leaves rarely pinnately parted, moderately prickly. Heads of flowers about 1½ inches high, usually solitary at the ends of the branches; principal bracts of the involucre mostly thickened on the back by the broader glandular sticky ridge, comparatively small and narrow, tipped with a short spreading prickle; corollas rose-colour or pale purple.

In open grounds throughout the Rockies at the lower altitudes; flowering during July and August.

[Sidenote: =Saussurea densa= Hook. _Saussurea._]

Nearly smooth, with a decumbent base; 3—12 inches high. Leaves thin, oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, sinuate-dentate, or entire. Heads of flowers several in a compact terminal corymb, involucre campanulate, ½ an inch high; bracts lanceolate, acuminate, nearly equal; corolla purple or violet-blue.

On stony slopes or on the moraines at the higher altitudes throughout the Rockies, not common, but frequent in the region around Lake Louise; flowering during July.

INDEX

A Abies, 24 lasiocarpa, 27 Aceraceæ, 185 Acer glabrum, 185 Achillea, 285 lanulosa, 314 Actæa, 91 arguta, 108 eburnea, 109 Adder’s-Tongue Family, 1 Adiantum, 3 pedatum, 6 Agoseris, 276 aurantiaca, 277 glauca, 276 graciliens, 277 Large-flowered, 276 Orange-flowered, 277 Slender, 277 Alder, Slender-leaved, 72 Alexanders, Heart-leaved, 203 Allium, 42 recurvatum, 42 sibericum, 43 Alnus tenuifolia, 72 Alsine, 82 borealis, 86 læta, 86 longipes, 85 Alum-root, Smooth, 134 Round-leaved, 135 Amelanchier alnifolia, 166 Anaphalis, 285 subalpina, 320 Androsace, 226 carinata, 228 diffusa, 229 septentrionalis, 229 Alpine, 229 Spreading, 229 Sweet-flowered, 228 Anemone, 91 Drummondii, 93 globosa, 93 parviflora, 92 Alpine, 93 Northern, 92 Western, 95 Antennaria, 285 Howellii, 318 lanata, 317 parvifolia, 319 pulcherrima, 317 racemosa, 318 rosea, 320 Antiphylla, 130 oppositifolia, 146 APIACEÆ, 201 APOCYNACEÆ, 237 Apocynum, androsæmifolium, 237 Apple Family, 165 Aquilegia, 91 brevistyla, 105 flavescens, 106 formosa, 106 Arabis, 112 Drummondii, 120 hirsuta, 119 Holboldii, 119 Lyallii, 120 ARACEÆ, 35 Aragallus, 168 deflexus, 176 inflatus, 176 Lamberti, 174 monticola, 173 splendens, 175 viscidulus, 175 ARALIACEÆ, 199 Aralia nudicaulis, 199 Arctostaphylos, 212 uva-ursi, 214 Arenaria, 82 capillaris nardifolia, 88 sajanensis, 89 verna equicaulis, 89 Argentina, 151 anserina, 159 Arnica, 285 Chamissonis, 306 cordifolia, 304 eradiata, 308 fulgens, 307 gracilis, 304 latifolia, 305 louiseana, 306 Alpine, 307 Broad-leaved, 305 Chamisso’s, 306 Heart-leaved, 304 Pale-flowered, 306 Rayless, 308 Slender, 304 Artemisia, 285 discolor, 316 frigida, 316 Arum Family, 35 Aruncus, 150 Aruncus, 153 Aspen, American, 69 Asphodel, False, 40 Scottish, 40 Western False, 41 Asplenium, 4 Filix-fœmina, 9 viride, 9 Aster, 285 ciliomarginatus, 298 conspicuus, 296 frondeus, 299 Lindleyanus, 298 major, 297 Richardsonii, 296 Engelmann’s, 300 Great Northern, 297 Hispid Golden, 286 Large Purple, 296 Leafy-bracted, 299 Lindley’s, 298 Richardson’s, 296 Astragalus, 168 adsurgens, 169 alpinus, 170 convallarius, 171 hypoglottis, 169 Macouni, 171 Atragene, 90 columbiana, 91 Avens, Drummond’s Mountain, 164 Large-leaved, 162 Purple-plumed, 163 White Mountain, 163 Yellow, 162 Azaleastrum, 212 albiflorum, 218

B Baneberry, Western Red, 108 Western White, 109 Barberry Family, 109 Batrachium, 91 trichophyllum, 97 Bear-berry, 214 Alpine, 214 Beard-tongue, Blue, 251 Large Purple, 249 Yellow, 250 Bed-straw, Northern, 263 Bellflower Family, 273 BERBERIDACEÆ, 109 Berberis aquifolium, 110 Betony, Wood, 261 Betula, glandulosa, 71 occidentalis, 71 papyrifera, 70 BETULACEÆ, 70 Bilberry, Alpine, 222 Dwarf, 221 Thin-leaved, 223 Birch, Canoe, 70 Family, 70 Paper, 70 Scrub, 71 Western Red, 71 Bishop’s-Cap, Naked, 132 Bistort, Alpine, 78 Black-eyed Susan, 201 Bladder-pod, Double, 117 Bladderwort Family, 262 Bluebell, 274 Blueberry, 222 Blue-eyed Grass, 53 Borage Family, 240 BORAGINACEÆ, 240 Botrychium, lunaria, 1 simplex, 2 virginianium, 2 Bracken, 6 Brake, American Rock, 7 Slender Cliff, 8 BRASSICACEÆ, 111 Braya, 112 humilis, 123 Brooklime, American, 252 Buckbean, 236 Family, 236 Buckwheat Family, 75 Buffalo-berry, Canadian, 192 Bunch-berry, 205 Bunch-flower Family, 36 Buttercup, Low, 102 Meadow, 103 Northern, 99 Pursh’s, 98 Snow, 100 Butterwort, 262

C Caltha, 91 leptosepala, 104 Calypso, 57 Campanula, rotundifolia, 274 uniflora, 273 CAMPANULACEÆ, 273 Campion, Moss, 82 Capnodes aurea, 111 CAPRIFOLIACEÆ, 264 Cardamine, 112 pennsylvanica, 118 CARDUACEÆ, 283 Carduus, 285 Kelseyi, 321 undulatus, 321 CAROPHYLLACEÆ, 81 Cassiope, 212 Mertensiana, 215 Castilleja, 248 lanceifolia, 258 miniata, 258 pallida, 257 purpurascens, 256 Catchfly, Lyall’s, 83 Cedar, Giant, 33 Shrubby Red, 33 CELASTRACEÆ, 184 Celery Family, 201 Cerastium, 82 arvense strictum, 84 behringianum, 85 Chamænerion, 193 angustifolium, 194 latifolium, 194 Cheilanthes, 4 Féei, 8 Cherry, Western Wild, 167 Chickweed, Alpine, 85 Field, 84 Chicory Family, 275 Chimaphila, 207 umbellata, 211 Chiogenes, 221 hispidula, 224 Christmas-green, Trailing, 20 Chrysanthemum, 285 leucanthemum, 315 Chrysopsis hispida, 286 Chrysosplenum, 129 tetrandum, 130 CICHORIACEÆ, 275 Cinquefoil, Alpine, 161 Cut-leaved, 160 Marsh, 159 Shrubby, 157 Snowy, 160 Circæa, 193 alpina, 197 pacifica, 198 Claytonia, lanceolata, 80 parviflora, 81 Clintonia, 46 uniflora, 46 Club-moss, Alpine, 21 Arctic, 20 Family, 18 Fir, 18 Stiff, 19 Cœloglossum, 55 bracteatum, 63 Collinsia, 248 parviflora, 249 Small, 249 Coltsfoot, Arctic, 314 Arrow-leaved, 213 Palmate-leaved, 312 Columbine, Small Blue, 105 Western, 106 Yellow, 106 Comandra, livida, 74 pallida, 74 Northern, 74 Pale, 74 Comarum, 151 palustre, 159 CONVALLARIACEÆ, 45 Coral-root, Early, 56 Large, 57 Corallorhiza, 54 Corallorhiza, 56 multiflora, 57 CORNACEÆ, 205 Cornus, canadensis intermedia, 205 stolonifera, 206 Corydalis, Golden, 111 Cranberry, Mountain, 224 Small, 225 Tree, Few-flowered, 266 CRASSULACEÆ, 125 Crepis, 276 elegans, 281 nana, 280 Cress, Drummond’s Rock, 120 Hairy Rock, 119 Lyall’s Rock, 120 Northern Rock, 123 Pennsylvania Bitter, 118 Penny, 117 Stony Rock, 119 Water, 124 Crowberry, Black, 183 Family, 183 Crowfoot, Creeping, 103 Ditch, 99 Family, 90 White Water, 97 Cryptogramma, 4 acrostichoides, 7 Stelleri, 8 Currant, Howell’s, 149 Cypripedium, 54 parviflorum, 55 passerinum, 55 Cytherea, 54 bulbosa, 57

D Daisy, Ox-eye, 315 White, 315 Yellow, 301 Dandelion, 278 Mountain, 278 Dasyphora, 151 fruticosa, 157 Delphinium, 91 Brownii, 107 Menziesii, 108 Devil’s Club, 200 Disporum, 46, 51 Large-flowered, 52 majus, 52 oreganum, 51 Dock, Pale-leaved, 77 Sour, 77 Dodecatheon, 226 conjugens, 231 pauciflorum, 230 Dogbane, Family, 137 Spreading, 237 Dogwood, Family, 205 Red-stemmed, 206 Draba, 112 andina, 114 aurea, 115 glacialis, 112 incana, 116 lonchocarpa, 115 nivalis, 114 oligosperma, 113 DRUPACEÆ, 167 Dryas, 151 Drummondii, 164 octopetala, 163 Dryopteris, 4 Filix-mas, 11 oreopteris, 12 spinulosa dilatata, 11

E Echinopanax horridum, 200 ELÆAGNACEÆ, 191 Elæagnus, 191 argentea, 191 Elder, Black-berried, 265 Red-berried, 264 Elephantella, 248 grœnlandica, 260 Long-beaked, 260 EMPETRACEÆ, 183 Empetrum nigrum, 183 Epilobium, 193 alpinum, 196 anagallidifolium, 196 Hornemanni, 197 luteum, 195 EQUISETACEÆ, 14 Equisetum, arvense, 15 fluviatile, 16 hyemale, 16 scirpoides, 17 sylvaticum, 15 variegatum, 17 Variegated, 17 ERICACEÆ, 211 Erigeron, 284 acris, 294 asper, 290 aureus, 292 cæspitosus, 291 drobrachiensis, 294 melanocephalus, 293 multifidus, 291 philadelphicus, 295 salsuginosus, 289 simplex, 289 Eriogonum, 76 ochroleucum, 79 subalpinum, 78 Tall White, 78 Yellowish-White, 79 Erysimum, 112 inconspicuum, 121 Erythronium, grandiflorum, 44 Eucephalus, 285 Engelmanni, 300 Everlasting, Alpine, 317 Howell’s, 318 Mountain, 319 Pearly, 320 Pink, 320 Tall Alpine, 317 White, 318

F Fern, Beech, Long, 5 Beech, Western, 4 Brittle, 13 Family, 3 Grape, Virginia, 2 Holly, 10 Lady, 9 Lip, Hairy, 8 Maidenhair, 6 Male, 11 Oak, 5 Shield, Spinulose, 11 Figwort Family, 248 Filix, 4 fragilis, 13 montana, 14 Fir, Balsam, 27 Red, 28 Sub-alpine, 27 Fire-weed, 194 Flax, Family, 182 Lewis’s Wild, 182 Fleabane, Arctic, 289 Black-woolly, 293 Blue, 294 Daisy, 291 Golden, 292 Large Purple, 289 Philadelphia, 295 Rough, 290 Tufted, 291 Foam-Flower, 136 Forget-me-not, 243 False, 241, 242 Fragaria, 151 glauca, 158

G Gaillardia, 285 aristata, 303 Great-flowered, 303 Galium boreale, 263 Garlic, 42 Northern, 43 Gaultheria, 212 humifusa, 213 ovatifolia, 213 Gentian, Dwarf, 233 Family, 231 Four-parted, 233 Glaucous, 234 Large, 234 Northern, 232 Spurred, 235 Gentiana, 232 acuta, 232 affinis, 234 glauca, 234 propinqua, 233 prostrata, 233 GENTIANACEÆ, 231 Geum, 151 macrophyllum, 162 strictum, 162 Ginseng Family, 199 Globe-flower, Western, 104 Goat’s-Beard, 153 Golden Rod, Canada, 288 Field, 287 Missouri, 287 Northern, 286 Gooseberry, Bristly, 148 Family, 146 Northern, 148 Swamp, 147 Grass, Blue-eyed, 53 Grass-of-Parnassus, Alpine, 128 Family, 126 Fringed, 126 Marsh, 127 Small-flowered, 127 GROSSULARIACEÆ, 146 Groundsel, Black-tipped, 311 Silvery, 310 Western Balsam, 309

H Halerpestes, 91 Cymbalaria, 103 Harebell, 274 Arctic, 273 Hawk’s-beard, Alpine, 280 Many-flowered, 281 Hawk-weed, Hairy, 282 Narrow-leaved, 281 Slender, 282 White-flowered, 283 Heal-all, 245 Heath, Family, 211 White, 215 Heather, False Pink, 216 False Red, 217 False White, 216 Hedysarum, 168 americanum, 177 Mackenzii, 178 sulphurescens, 178 Mackenzie’s, 178 Purple, 177 Yellow, 178 Helianthus, 285 Nuttallii, 302 scaberrimus, 301 Heliotrope, Wild, 272 Hellebore, American White, 37 Hemieva, 130 ranunculifolia, 136 Hemlock, Mountain, 30 Western, 29 Heracleum, 201 lanatum, 204 Heuchera, 129 glabra, 134 ovalifolia, 135 Hieracium, 276 albiflorum, 283 gracile, 282 Scouleri, 282 umbellatum, 281 Homalobus, 168 aboriginorum, 173 Honeybloom, 237 Honeysuckle, Douglas, 268 Family, 264 Fly, 269 Involucred, 270 Horsetail, Family, 14 Field, 15 Swamp, 16 Wood, 15 Huckleberry Family, 221 HYDROPHYLLACEÆ, 238 HYPERICACEÆ, 168 Hypericum Scouleri, 186

I Ibidium, 55 romanzoffianum, 67 IRIDACEÆ, 52 Iris Family, 52

J June-berry, North-western, 166 Juniper, Alpine, 32 Juniperus, 24 prostrata, 33 siberica, 32

K Kalmia, 212 microphylla, 218 Kruhsea, 46, 50 streptopoides, 50