part XXV
.—Cream of tartar 120 parts Pumice 120 parts Alum 30 parts Cochineal 30 parts Bergamot oil 3 parts Clove 3 parts
Make to a thick paste with honey or sugar.
XXVI.—Honey 250 parts Precipitated chalk 250 parts Orris root 250 parts Tincture of opium 7 parts Tincture of myrrh 7 parts Oil of rose 2 parts Oil of cloves 2 parts Oil of nutmeg 2 parts
XXVII.—Florentine orris 6 parts Magnesium carbonate 2 parts Almond soap 12 parts Calcium carbonate 60 parts Thymol 1 part Alcohol, quantity sufficient.
Powder the solids and mix. Dissolve the thymol in as little alcohol as possible, and add perfume in a mixture in equal parts of oil of peppermint, oil of clove, oil of lemon, and oil of eucalyptus. About 1 minim of each to every ounce of powder will be sufficient.
XXVIII.—Myrrh, 10 parts; sodium chloride, 10 parts; soot, 5 parts; soap, 5 parts; lime carbonate, 500 parts.
XXIX.—Camphor, 5 parts; soap, 10 parts; saccharine, 0.25 parts; thymol, 0.5 parts; lime carbonate, 500 parts. Scent, as desired, with rose oil, sassafras oil, wintergreen oil, or peppermint oil.
XXX.—Powdered camphor, 6 parts; myrrh, 15 parts; powdered Peruvian bark, 6 parts; distilled water, 12 parts; alcohol of 80° F., 50 parts. Macerate the powders in the alcohol for a week and then filter.
XXXI.—Soap, 1; saccharine. 0.025; thymol, 0.05; lime carbonate, 50; sassafras essence, enough to perfume.
XXXII.—Camphor, 0.5; soap, 1; saccharine, 0.025; calcium carbonate, 50; oil of sassafras, or cassia, or of gaultheria, enough to perfume.
XXXIII.—Myrrh, 1; sodium chloride, 1; soap, 50; lime carbonate, 50; rose oil as required.
XXXIV.—Precipitated calcium carbonate, 60 parts; quinine sulphate, 2 parts; saponine, 0.1 part; saccharine, 0.1 part; carmine as required; oil of peppermint, sufficient.
XXXV.—Boracic acid, 100 parts; powdered starch, 50 parts; quinine hydrochlorate, 10 parts; saccharine, 1 part; vanillin (dissolved in alcohol), 1.5 parts.
«Neutral Tooth Powder.»—Potassium chlorate, 200 parts; starch, 200 parts; carmine lake, 40 parts; saccharine (in alcoholic solution), 1 part; vanillin (dissolved in alcohol), 1 part.
«Tooth Powder for Children.»—
Magnesia carbonate 10 parts Medicinal soap 10 parts Sepia powder 80 parts Peppermint oil, quantity sufficient to flavor.
«Flavorings for Dentifrice.»—
I.—Sassafras oil, true 1 drachm Pinus pumilio oil 20 minims Bitter orange oil 20 minims Wintergreen oil 2 minims Anise oil 4 minims Rose geranium oil 1 minim Alcohol 1 ounce
Use according to taste.
II.—Oil of peppermint, English 4 parts Oil of aniseed 6 parts {256} Oil of clove 1 part Oil of cinnamon 1 part Saffron 1 part Deodorized alcohol 350 parts Water 300 parts
Or, cassia, 4 parts, and vanilla, 1/2 part, may be substituted for the saffron.
«LIQUID DENTIFRICES AND TOOTH WASHES:»
«A French Dentifrice.»—I.—A preparation which has a reputation in France as a liquid dentifrice is composed of alcohol, 96 per cent, 1,000 parts; Mitcham peppermint oil, 30 parts; aniseed oil, 5 parts; oil of Acorus calamus, 0.5 parts. Finely powdered cochineal and cream of tartar, 5 parts each, are used to tint the solution. The mixed ingredients are set aside for 14 days before filtering.
Sozodont.—
II.—The liquid tooth preparation “Sozodont” is said to contain: Soap powder, 60 parts; glycerine, 60 parts; alcohol, 360 parts; water, 220 parts; oils of peppermint, of aniseed, of clover, and of cinnamon, 1 part each; oil of wintergreen, 1–200 part.
III.—Thymol 2 grains Benzoic acid 24 grains Tincture eucalyptus 2 drachms Alcohol quantity sufficient to make 2 ounces.
Mix. Sig.: A teaspoonful diluted with half a wineglassful of water.
IV.—Carbolic acid, pure 2 ounces Glycerine, 1,260° 1 ounce Oil wintergreen 6 drachms Oil cinnamon 3 drachms Powdered cochineal 1/2 drachm S. V. R 40 ounces Distilled water 40 ounces
Dissolve the acid in the glycerine with the aid of a gentle heat and the essential oils in the spirit; mix together, and add the water and cochineal; then let the preparation stand for a week and filter.
A mixture of caramel and cochineal coloring, N. F., gives an agreeable red color for saponaceous tooth washes. It is not permanent, however.
Variations of this formula follow:
V.—White castile soap 1 ounce Tincture of asarum 2 drachms Oil of peppermint 1/2 drachm Oil of wintergreen 1/2 drachm Oil of cloves 5 drops Oil of cassia 5 drops Glycerine 4 ounces Alcohol 14 ounces Water 14 ounces
VI.—White castile soap 1 1/2 ounces Oil of orange 10 minims Oil of cassia 5 minims Oil of wintergreen 15 minims Glycerine 3 ounces Alcohol 8 ounces Water enough to make 1 quart.
VII.—White castile soap 3 ounces Glycerine 5 ounces Water 20 ounces Alcohol 30 ounces Oil of peppermint 1 drachm Oil of wintergreen 1 drachm Oil of orange peel 1 drachm Oil of anise 1 drachm Oil of cassia 1 drachm
Beat up the soap with the glycerine; dissolve the oils in the alcohol and add to the soap and glycerine. Stir well until the soap is completely dissolved.
VIII.—White castile soap 1 ounce Orris root 4 ounces Rose leaves 4 ounces Oil of rose 1/2 drachm Oil of neroli 1/2 drachm Cochineal 1/2 ounce Diluted alcohol 2 quarts
If the wash is intended simply as an elixir for sweetening the breath, the following preparation, resembling the celebrated eau de botot, will be found very desirable:
IX.—Oil of peppermint 30 minims Oil of spearmint 15 minims Oil of cloves 5 minims Oil of red cedar wood 60 minims Tincture of myrrh 1 ounce Alcohol 1 pint
Care must be taken not to confound the oil of cedar tops with the oil of cedar wood. The former has an odor like turpentine; the latter has the fragrance of the red cedar wood.
For a cleansing wash, a solution of soap is to be recommended. It may be made after the following formula:
X.—White castile soap 1 ounce Alcohol 6 ounces Glycerine 4 ounces Hot water 6 ounces Oil of peppermint 15 minims Oil of wintergreen 20 minims Oil of cloves 5 minims Extract of vanilla 1/2 ounce
Dissolve the soap in the hot water and add the glycerine and extract of vanilla. Dissolve the oils in the alcohol, mix the solutions, and after 24 hours filter through paper. {257}
It is customary to color such preparations. An agreeable brown-yellow tint may be given by the addition of a small quantity of caramel. A red color may be given by cochineal. The color will fade, but will be found reasonably permanent when kept from strong light.
«TOOTH SOAPS AND PASTES:»
«Tooth Soaps.»—
I.—White castile soap 225 parts Precipitated chalk 225 parts Orris root 225 parts Oil of peppermint 7 parts Oil of cloves 4 parts Water, a sufficient quantity.
II.—Castile soap 100 drachms Precipitated chalk 100 drachms Powdered orris root 100 drachms White sugar 50 drachms Rose water 50 drachms Oil of cloves 100 drops Oil of peppermint 3 drachms
Dissolve the soap in water, add the rose water, then rub up with the sugar with which the oils have been previously triturated, the orris root and the precipitated chalk.
III.—Potassium chlorate, 20 drachms; powdered white soap, 10 drachms; precipitated chalk, 20 drachms; peppermint oil, 15 drops; clove oil, 5 drops; glycerine, sufficient to mass. Use with a soft brush.
«Saponaceous Tooth Pastes.»—
I.—Precipitated carbonate of lime 90 parts Soap powder 30 parts Ossa sepia, powdered 15 parts Tincture of cocaine 45 parts Oil of peppermint 6 parts Oil of ylang-ylang 0.3 parts Glycerine 30 parts Rose water to cause liquefaction. Carmine solution to color.
II.—Precipitated carbonate of lime 150 parts Soap powder 45 parts Arrowroot 45 parts Oil of eucalyptus 2 parts Oil of peppermint 1 part Oil of geranium 1 part Oil of cloves 0.25 parts Oil of aniseed 0.25 parts Glycerine 45 parts Chloroform water to cause liquefaction. Carmine solution to color.
Cherry Tooth Paste.—
III.—Clarified honey 100 drachms Precipitated chalk 100 drachms Powdered orris root 100 drachms Powdered rose leaves 60 drops Oil of cloves 55 drops Oil of mace 55 drops Oil of geranium 55 drops
Chinese Tooth Paste.—
IV.—Powdered pumice 100 drachms Starch 20 drachms Oil of peppermint 40 drops Carmine 1/4 drachm
Eucalyptus Paste.—Forty drachms precipitated chalk, 11 drachms soap powder, 11 drachms wheaten starch, 1/4 drachm carmine, 30 drops oil of peppermint, 30 drops oil of geranium, 60 drops eucalyptus oil, 2 drops oil of cloves, 12 drops oil of anise mixed together and incorporated to a paste, with a mixture of equal parts of glycerine and spirit.
Myrrh Tooth Paste.—
Precipitated chalk 8 ounces Orris 8 ounces White castile soap 2 ounces Borax 2 ounces Myrrh 1 ounce Glycerine, quantity sufficient.
Color and perfume to suit.
A thousand grams of levigated powdered oyster shells are rubbed up with 12 drachms of cochineal to a homogeneous powder. To this is added 1 drachm of potassium permanganate and 1 drachm boric acid and rubbed well up. Foam up 200 drachms castile soap and 5 drachms chemically pure glycerine and mix it with the foregoing mass, adding by teaspoonful 150 grams of boiling strained honey. The whole mass is again thoroughly rubbed up, adding while doing so 200 drops honey. Finally the mass should be put into a mortar and pounded for an hour and then kneaded with the hands for 2 hours.
Tooth Paste to be put in Collapsible Tubes.—
Calcium carbonate, levigated 100 parts Cuttlefish bone, in fine powder 25 parts Castile soap, old white, powdered 25 parts Tincture of carmine, ammoniated 4 parts Simple syrup 25 parts {258} Menthol 2 parts Alcohol 5 parts Attar of rose or other perfume, quantity sufficient. Rose water sufficient to make a paste.
Beat the soap with a little rose water, then warm until softened, add syrup and tincture of carmine. Dissolve the perfume and menthol in the alcohol and add to soap mixture. Add the solids and incorporate thoroughly. Finally, work to a proper consistency for filling into collapsible tubes, adding water, if necessary.
«MOUTH WASHES.»
I.—Quillaia bark 125 parts Glycerine 95 parts Alcohol 155 parts
Macerate for 4 days and add:
Acid. carbol. cryst 4 parts Ol. geranii 0.6 parts Ol. caryophyll 0.6 parts Ol. rosæ 0.6 parts Ol. cinnam 0.6 parts Tinct. ratanhæ 45 parts Aqua rosæ 900 parts
Macerate again for 4 days and filter.
Thymol 20 parts Peppermint oil 10 parts Clove oil 5 parts Sage oil 5 parts Marjoram oil 3 parts Sassafras oil 3 parts Wintergreen oil 0.5 parts Coumarin 0.5 parts Alcohol, dil. 1,000 parts
A teaspoonful in a glass of water.
II.—Tincture orris (1 in 4) 1 1/2 parts Lavender water 1/2 part Tinct. cinnamon (1 in 8) 1 part Tinct. yellow cinch bark 1 part Eau de cologne 2 parts
Orris and Rose.—
III.—Orris root 30 drachms Rose leaves 8 drachms Soap bark 8 drachms Cochineal 3 1/2 drachms Diluted alcohol 475 drachms Oil rose 30 drops Oil neroli 40 drops
Myrrh Astringent.—
IV.—Tincture myrrh 125 drachms Tincture benzoin 50 drachms Tincture cinchona 8 drachms Alcohol 225 drachms Oil of rose 30 drops
Borotonic.—
V.—Acid boric 20 parts Oil wintergreen 10 parts Glycerine 110 parts Alcohol 150 parts Distilled water enough to make 600 parts
Sweet Salicyl.—
VI.—Acid salicylic 4 parts Saccharine 1 part Sodium bicarbonate 1 part Alcohol 200 parts
Foaming Orange.—
VII.—Castile soap 29 drachms Oil orange 10 drops Oil cinnamon 5 drops Distilled water 30 drachms Alcohol 90 drachms
Australian Mint.—
VIII.—Thymol 0.25 parts Acid benzoic 3 parts Tincture eucalyptus 15 parts Alcohol 100 parts Oil peppermint 0.75 parts
Fragrant Dentine.—
IX.—Soap bark 125 parts Glycerine 95 parts Alcohol 155 parts Rose water 450 parts
Macerate for 4 days and add:
Carbolic acid, cryst 4 parts Oil geranium 0.6 parts Oil cloves 0.6 parts Oil rose 0.6 parts Oil cinnamon 0.6 parts Tincture rhatany 45 parts Rose water 450 parts
Allow to stand 4 days; then filter.
Aromantiseptic.—
X.—Thymol 20 parts Oil peppermint 10 parts Oil cloves 5 parts Oil sage 5 parts Oil marjoram 3 parts Oil sassafras 3 parts Oil wintergreen 0.5 parts Coumarin 0.5 parts Diluted alcohol 1,000 parts
The products of the foregoing formulas are used in the proportion of 1 teaspoonful in a half glassful of water.
Foaming.—
XI.—Soap bark, powder 2 ounces Cochineal powder 60 grains Glycerine 3 ounces {259} Alcohol 10 ounces Water sufficient to make 32 ounces
Mix the soap, cochineal, glycerine alcohol, and water together; let macerate for several days; filter and flavor; if same produces turbidity, shake up the mixture with magnesium carbonate, and filter through paper.
Odonter.—
XII.—Soap bark, powder 2 ounces Cudbear, powder 4 drachms Glycerine 4 ounces Alcohol 14 ounces Water sufficient to make 32 ounces
Mix, and let macerate with frequent agitation, for several days; filter; add flavor; if necessary filter again through magnesium carbonate or paper pulp.
Sweet Anise.—
XIII.—Soap bark 2 ounces Aniseed 4 drachms Cloves 4 drachms Cinnamon 4 drachms Cochineal 60 grains Vanilla 60 grains Oil of peppermint 1 drachm Alcohol 16 ounces Water sufficient to make 32 ounces
Reduce the drugs to coarse powder, dissolve the oil of peppermint in the alcohol, add equal parts of water, and macerate therein the powders for 5 to 6 days, with frequent agitation; place in percolator and percolate until 32 fluidounces have been obtained. Let stand for a week and filter through paper; if necessary to make it perfectly bright and clear, shake up with some magnesia, and again filter.
Saponaceous.—
XIV.—White castile soap 2 ounces Glycerine 2 ounces Alcohol 8 ounces Water 4 ounces Oil peppermint 20 drops Oil wintergreen 30 drops Solution of carmine N. F. sufficient to color.
Dissolve the soap in the alcohol and water, add the other ingredients, and filter.
XV.—Crystallized carbolic acid 4 parts Eucalyptol 1 part Salol 2 parts Menthol 0.25 parts Thymol 0.1 part Alcohol 100 parts
Dye with cochineal (1 1/2 per cent).
«Jackson’s Mouth Wash.»—Fresh lemon peel, 10 parts; fresh sweet orange peel, 10 parts; angelica root, 10 parts; guaiacum wood, 30 parts; balsam of Tolu, 12 parts; benzoin, 12 parts; Peruvian balsam, 4 parts; myrrh, 3 parts; alcohol (90 per cent), 500 parts.
«Tablets for Antiseptic Mouth Wash.»—Heliotropine, 0.01 part; saccharine, 0.01 part; salicylic acid, 0.01 part; menthol, 1 part; milk sugar, 5 parts. These tablets may be dyed green, red, or blue, with chlorophyll, eosine, and indigo carmine, respectively.
«Depilatories»
«Depilatory Cream.»—The depilatory cream largely used in New York hospitals for the removal of hair from the skin previous to operations:
I.—Barium sulphide 3 parts Starch 1 part Water, sufficient quantity.
The mixed powders are to be made into a paste with water, and applied in a moderately thick layer to the parts to be denuded of hair, the excess of the latter having been previously trimmed off with a pair of scissors. From time to time a small part of the surface should be examined, and when it is seen that the hair can be removed, the mass should be washed off. The barium sulphide should be quite fresh. It can be prepared by making barium sulphate and its own weight of charcoal into a paste with linseed oil, rolling the paste into the shape of a sausage, and placing it upon a bright fire to incinerate. When it has ceased to burn, and is a white hot mass, remove from the fire, cool, and powder.
The formula is given with some reserve, for preparations of this kind are usually unsafe unless used with great care. It should be removed promptly when the skin begins to burn.
II.—Barium sulphide 25 parts Soap 5 parts Talc 35 parts Starch 35 parts Benzaldehyde sufficient to make 120 parts
Powder the solids and mix. To use, to a part of this mixture add 3 parts of water, at the time of its application, and with a camel’s-hair pencil paint the mixture evenly over the spot to be freed of hair. Let remain in contact with the {260} skin for 5 minutes, then wash off with a sponge, and in the course of 5 minutes longer the hair will come off on slight friction with the sponge.
Strontium sulphide is an efficient depilatory. A convenient form of applying it is as follows:
III.—Strontium sulphide 2 parts Zinc oxide 3 parts Powdered starch 3 parts
Mix well and keep in the dry state until wanted for use, taking then a sufficient quantity, forming into a paste with warm water and applying to the surface to be deprived of hair. Allow to remain from 1 to 5 minutes, according to the nature of the hair and skin; it is not advisable to continue the application longer than the last named period. Remove in all cases at once when any caustic action is felt. After the removal of the paste, scrape the skin gently but firmly with a blunt-edged blade (a paper knife, for instance) until the loosened hair is removed. Then immediately wash the denuded surface well with warm water, and apply cold cream or some similar emollient as a dressing.
By weight IV.—Alcohol 12 parts Collodion 35 parts Iodine 0.75 parts Essence of turpentine 1.5 parts Castor oil 2 parts
Apply with a brush on the affected parts for 3 or 4 days in thick coats. When the collodion plaster thus formed is pulled off, the hairs adhere to its inner surface.
V.—Rosin sticks are intended for the removal of hairs and are made from colophony with an admixture of 10 per cent of yellow wax. The sticks are heated like a stick of sealing wax until soft or semi-liquid (142° F.), and lightly applied on the place from which the hair is to be removed, and the mass is allowed to cool. These rosin sticks are said to give good satisfaction.
DEPTHINGS, VERIFICATION OF: See Watchmakers’ Formulas.
DESILVERING: See Plating.
DETERGENTS: See Cleaning Preparations and Methods.
DEVELOPERS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES: See Photography.
DEXTRIN PASTES AND MUCILAGES: See Adhesives.
DIAL CEMENTS: See Adhesives, under Jewelers’ Cements.
DIAL CLEANERS: See Cleaning Preparations and Methods.
DIAL REPAIRING: See Watchmakers’ Formulas.
DIAMALT: See Milk.
«DIAMOND TESTS:»
See also Gems and Jewelers’ Formulas.
To Distinguish Genuine Diamonds.—If characters or marks of any kind are drawn with an aluminum pencil on glass, porcelain, or any substance containing silex, the marks cannot be erased by rubbing, however energetic the friction, and even acids will not cause them to disappear entirely, unless the surface is entirely freed from greasy matter, which can be accomplished by rubbing with whiting and passing a moistened cloth over the surface at the time of writing. So, in order to distinguish the true diamond from the false, it is necessary only to wipe the stone carefully and trace a line on it with an aluminum pencil, and then rub it briskly with a moistened cloth. If the line continues visible, the stone is surely false. If, on the contrary, the stone is a true diamond, the line will disappear without leaving a trace, and without injury to the stone.
The common test for recognizing the diamond is the file, which does not cut it, though it readily attacks imitations. There are other stones not affected by the file, but they have characteristics of color and other effects by which they are readily distinguished.
This test should be confirmed by others. From the following the reader can select the most convenient:
A piece of glass on which the edge of a diamond is drawn, will be cut without much pressure; a slight blow is sufficient to separate the glass. An imitation may scratch the glass, but this will not be cut as with the diamond. {261}
If a small drop of water is placed upon the face of a diamond and moved about by means of the point of a pin, it will preserve its globular form, provided the stone is clean and dry. If the attempt is made on glass, the drop will spread.
A diamond immersed in a glass of water will be distinctly visible, and will shine clearly through the liquid. The imitation stone will be confounded with the water and will be nearly invisible.
By looking through a diamond with a glass at a black point on a sheet of white paper, a single distinct point will be seen. Several points, or a foggy point will appear if the stone is spurious.
Hydrofluoric acid dissolves all imitations, but has no effect on true diamonds. This acid is kept in gutta-percha bottles.
For an eye practiced in comparisons it is not difficult to discern that the facets in the cut of a true diamond are not as regular as are those of the imitation; for in cutting and polishing the real stone an effort is made to preserve the original as much as possible, preferring some slight irregularities in the planes and edges to the loss in the weight, for we all know that diamonds are sold by weight. In an imitation, however, whether of paste or another less valuable stone, there is always an abundance of cheap material which may be cut away and thereby form a perfect-appearing stone.
Take a piece of a fabric, striped red and white, and draw the stone to be tested over the colors. If it is an imitation, the colors will be seen through it, while a diamond will not allow them to be seen.
A genuine diamond, rubbed on wood or metal, after having been previously exposed to the light of the electric arc, becomes phosphorescent in darkness, which does not occur with imitations.
Heat the stone to be tested, after giving it a coating of borax, and let it fall into cold water. A diamond will undergo the test without the slightest damage; the glass will be broken in pieces.
Finally, try with the fingers to crush an imitation and a genuine diamond between two coins, and you will soon see the difference.
DIAMOND CEMENT: See Adhesives, under Jewelers’ Cements.
DIARRHEA IN BIRDS: See Veterinary Formulas.
DIARRHEA REMEDIES: See Cholera Remedies.
«Die Venting.»—Many pressmen have spent hours and days in the endeavor to produce sharp and full impressions on figured patterns. If all the deep recesses in deep-figured dies are vented to allow the air to escape when the blow is struck, it will do much to obtain perfect impressions, and requires only half the force that is necessary in unvented dies. This is not known in many shops and consequently this little air costs much in power and worry.
«DIGESTIVE POWDERS AND TABLETS.»
I.—Sodium bicarbonate 93 parts Sodium chlorate 4 parts Calcium carbonate 3 parts Pepsin 5 parts Ammonium carbonate 1