part Mix
.
«Maraschino Liqueur.»—
Oil bitter almonds 15 minims Essence vanilla 1 drachm Jasmine extract 2 drops Raspberry essence 10 drops Oil neroli 10 drops Oil lemon 15 minims Spirits nitrous ether 2 drachms Alcohol 6 pints Sugar 8 pounds Rose water 10 ounces Water sufficient to make 2 gallons
Make a liquor in the usual manner.
«To Clarify Liqueurs.»—For the clarification of turbid liqueurs, burnt {771} powdered alum is frequently employed. Make a trial with 200 parts of the dim liqueur, to which 1.5 parts of burnt powdered alum is added; shake well and let stand until the liquid is clear. Then decant and filter the last portion. If the trial is successful, the whole stock may be clarified in this manner.
«MEDICINAL WINES:»
«Beef and Iron.»—The following formula is recommended by the American Pharmaceutical Association:
I.—Extract of beef 35 grams Tincture of citro-chloride of iron 35 c.c. Compound spirit of orange 1 c.c. Hot water 60 c.c. Alcohol 125 c.c. Syrup 125 c.c. Sherry wine sufficient to make 1,000 c.c.
Rub the extract of beef with the hot water, and add, while stirring, the alcohol. Allow to stand 3 days or more, then filter and distill off the alcohol. Add to the residue 750 cubic centimeters of the wine, to which the compound spirit of orange has been previously added. Finally add the tincture of citro-chloride of iron, syrup, and enough wine to make 1,000 cubic centimeters. Filter if necessary.
II.—For Poultry and Stock.—A good formula for wine of beef and iron is as follows:
Beef extract 256 grains Tincture of iron citro-chloride 256 minims Hot water 1 fluidounce Sherry wine enough to make 1 pint
Pour the hot water in the beef extract and triturate until a smooth mixture is made. To this add, gradually and under constant stirring, 12 ounces of the wine. Add now, under same conditions, the iron, stir in well, and finally add the remainder of the wine.
«Cinchona.»—I.—Macerate 100 parts of cinchona succirubra in coarse powder for 30 minutes in 100 parts of boiling water. Strain off the liquor and set aside. Macerate the residuum in 1,000 parts of California Malaga for 24 hours, strain off the liquid and set aside. Finally macerate the magma in 500 parts of alcohol, of 50 per cent, for 1 hour, strain off and set aside. Wash the residue with a little water to recover all the alcoholic tincture; then unite all the liquids, let stand for 24 hours, and filter. To the filtrate add 800 parts loaf sugar and dissolve by the aid of gentle heat and again filter. The product is all that could be asked of a wine of cinchona. To make a ferrated wine of this, dissolve 1 part of citro-ammoniacal pyrophosphate of iron to every 1,000 parts of wine.
II.—Yvon recommends the following formula:
Red cinchona, coarse powder 5 parts Alcohol, 60 per cent 10 parts Diluted hydrochloric acid 1 part Bordeaux wine 100 parts
Macerate the bark with the acid and alcohol for 6 days, shaking from time to time, add the wine, macerate for 24 hours, agitating frequently, then filter.
«Removal of Musty Taste and Smell from Wine.»—For the removal of this unpleasant quality, Kulisch recommends the use of a piece of charcoal of about the size of a hazel nut—5 to 10 parts per 1,000 parts of wine. After this has remained in the cask for 6 to 8 weeks, and during this time has been treated once a week with a chain or with a stirring rod, the wine can be racked off. Obstinate turbidness, as well as stalk taste and pot flavor, can also be obviated by the use of the remedy.
«WINTERGREEN, TO DISTINGUISH METHYL SALICYLATE FROM OIL OF.»
A quantity of the sample is mixed in a test tube with an equal volume of pure concentrated sulphuric acid. Under these conditions the artificial compound shows no rise in temperature and acquires only a slight yellowish tint, while with the natural oil there is a marked rise in temperature and the mixture assumes a rose-red color, gradually passing into darker shades.
«WIRE ROPE.»
See also Steel.
A valuable anti-friction and preservative compound for mine cables is as follows: Seven parts soft tallow and 3 parts plumbago, mixed thoroughly; make a long, hollow box or trough, gouge out a 4 by 6 piece of scantling about 2 feet long, sawing it down lengthwise and hollowing out the box or trough enough to hold several pounds of the compound, making also a hole lengthwise of the {772} trough for the cable to run through; then affix to rope and clamp securely, having the box or trough so fixed that it cannot play, and letting the cable pass through it while going up or down, so that it will get a thorough coating. This, it is found, will preserve a round cable very well, and can be used at least once a week. For a flat steel cable raw linseed oil can be used instead of the tallow, in about the proportion of 6 parts oil and 3 plumbago. If tar is used, linseed oil is to be added to keep the tar from adhering, both ingredients to be mixed while warm.
To preserve wire rope laid under ground, or under water, coat it with a mixture of mineral tar and fresh slaked lime in the proportion of 1 bushel of lime to 1 barrel of tar. The mixture is to be boiled, and the rope saturated with it while hot; sawdust is sometimes added to give the mixture body. Wire rope exposed to the weather is coated with raw linseed oil, or with a paint composed of equal parts of Spanish brown or lampblack with linseed oil.
WIRE HARDENING: See Steel.
WITCH-HAZEL JELLY: See Cosmetics.
«Wood»
«DECORATIVE WOOD-FINISH.»
Paint or stencil wood with white-lime paint. When it has dried slowly in the shade, brush it off and a handsome dark-brown tone will be imparted to the oakwood. Some portions which may be desired darker and redder are stained again with lime, whereby these places become deeper. It is essential that the lime be applied in even thickness and dried slowly, for only then the staining will be red and uniform.
After the staining saturate the wood with a mixture of varnish, 2 parts; oil of turpentine, 1 part; turpentine, 1/2 part. When the oil ground is dry apply 2 coatings of pale amber varnish.
Colored decorations on pinewood can be produced as follows:
The most difficult part of the work is to remove the rosin accumulations without causing a spot to appear. Burn out the places carefully with a red-hot iron. Great care is necessary to prevent the iron from setting the rosin on fire, thus causing black smoke clouds.
The resulting holes are filled up with plaster to which a little light ocher is added to imitate the shade of the wood as perfectly as possible. Plaster up no more than is necessary.
Rub the wood down with very fine sandpaper, taking especial care to rub only with the grain of the wood, since all cross scratches will remain permanently visible.
After this preliminary work cover the wood with a solution of white shellac, in order not to injure the handsome golden portions of the wood and to preserve the pure light tone of the wood in general.
On this shellac ground paint and stencil with glazing colors, ground with isinglass solution. The smaller, more delicate portions, such as flowers and figures, are simply worked out in wash style with water colors, using the tone of the wood to remain as high lights, surrounding the whole with a black contour.
After this treatment the panels and decorated parts are twice varnished with dammar varnish. The friezes and pilaster strips are glazed darker and set off with stripes; to varnish them use amber varnish.
The style just mentioned does not exclude any other. Thus, for instance, a very good effect is produced by decorating the panels only with a black covering color or with black and transparent red (burnt sienna and a little carmine) after the fashion of boule work in rich ornaments, in such a way that the natural wood forms the main part and yet quite a considerable portion of the ornament.
Intarsia imitation is likewise well adapted, since the use of variegated covering colors is in perfect keeping with the decoration of natural wood. How it should be applied, and how much of it, depends upon one’s taste, as well as the purpose and kind of the object.
It is a well-known fact that the large pores of oak always look rather smeary, according to whether the workshop is more or less dusty. If this is to be avoided, which is essential for neat work, take good wheat starch, pound it fine with a hammer and stir by means of a wooden spatula good strong polish with the wheat starch to a paste and work the paste into the pores by passing it cross-wise over the wood. After about 1/2 hour, rub down the wood thus treated in such a manner that the pores are filled. In case any open pores remain, repeat the process as before. After that, rub down, polish or deaden. If this operation is not performed, the pores will always look somewhat dirty, despite all {773} care. Every cabinetmaker will readily perceive that this filling of the pores will save both time and polish in the subsequent finishing.
«WOOD FILLERS.»
The novice in coach painting is quite as likely to get bewildered as to be aided by much of the information given about roughstuff, the more so as the methods differ so widely. One authority tells us to use a large proportion of lead ground in oil with the coarser pigment, while another says use dry lead and but a small percentage, and still another insists that lead must be tabooed altogether. There are withal a good many moss-grown superstitions associated with the subject. Not the least of these is the remarkably absorbent nature which the surface that has been roughstuffed and “scoured” is supposed to possess. By many this power of absorption is believed to be equal to swallowing up, not only all the color applied, but at least 3 coats of varnish, and none of these would think of applying a coat of color to a roughstuffed surface without first giving it a coat of liquid filler as a sort of sacrificial oblation in recognition of this absorbing propensity. Another authority on the subject has laid down the rule that in the process of scouring, the block of pumice stone must always be moved in one direction, presumably for the reason that some trace of the stone is likely to be visible after the surface is finished.
If the block of stone is scratching, perhaps the appearance of the finished panel may be less objectionable with the furrows in parallel lines than in what engravers call “cross-hatching,” but if the rubbing is properly done it is not easy to discover what difference it could make whether the stone is moved in a straight line or a circle. As to absorption, it cannot be distinguished in the finished panel between the surface that was coated with liquid filler and that to which the color was applied directly, except that cracking always occurs much sooner in the former, and this will be found to be the case with surfaces that have been coated with liquid filler and finished without roughstuff. Among the pigments that may be used for roughstuff, and there are half a dozen or more, any of which may be used with success, there is no doubt but that known as “English filler” is best, but it is not always to be had without delay and inconveniences.
Yellow ocher, Reno umber and Keystone filler are all suitable for roughstuff, the ocher having been used many years for the purpose, but, as already remarked, the English filler is best. This is the rule for mixing given by Nobles and Hoare: Four pounds filler, 1 pound ground white lead, 1 pint gold size, 1 pint varnish and 1 1/4 pints turpentine, or 3/4 pint good size and 1/2 pint boiled oil in lieu of the varnish. In regard to the use of white lead ground in oil, it makes the rubbing more laborious, increases the liability to scratching, and requires a much longer time to harden before the scouring can be done, without in any appreciable manner improving the quality of the surface when finished.
It may be remarked here that the addition of white lead, whether ground in oil or added dry to the coarser pigment, increases the labor of scouring just in proportion as it is used until sufficient may be used to render the scouring process impossible; hence, it follows that the mixing should be governed by the character of the job in hand. If the job is of a cheap class the use of very little or no lead at all is advisable, and the proportion of Japan and turpentine may also be increased, with the result that a fairly good surface may be obtained with much less labor than in the formula given.
The number of coats of filler required to effect the purpose in any given case must depend upon how well the builder has done his part of the work. If he has left the surface very uneven it follows, as a matter of course, that more coats will be required to make it level, and more of the roughstuff will remain after the leveling process than if the woodwork had been more perfectly done. While the merits of a system or method are not to be judged by its antiquity, there should be a good reason to justify the substitution of a new method for one that has given perfect satisfaction for generations and been used by the best coach painters who ever handled a brush.
A well-known writer on paints says that the effect of a varnish is usually attributed to the manner of its application and the quantity of thinners used for diluting the melted gums, with the prepared oils and the oxidizing agents used in its manufacture. While this has undoubtedly much to do with the successful application of varnish, there are other facts in this connection that should not be overlooked. For example, varnish is sometimes acted on by the breaking up, or the disintegration of the filling coats; which in turn is evidently acted on by the wood itself, according to its nature. {774}
With the aid of the microscope in examining the component parts of wood a cellular tissue is observed which varies in form according to the species and the parts which are inspected. This cellular tissue is made up of small cavities called pores or cells, which are filled with a widely diversified matter and are covered with a hard and usually brittle substance called _lignin_.
This diversified matter consists of mineral salts and various organic substances, gelatinous in their nature and held in solution by a viscous liquid and containing nitrogenous matter in different combinations, the whole being designated by the general name of albuminous substances. The older the wood the more viscous is the matter; while wood of recent growth (sapwood) contains less viscous matter holding these substances in solution. This albumen in wood acts on substances like filler and varnish in one way or the other, good or bad. The seasoning of wood does not dispose of these substances. The water evaporates, leaving them adhering to the sides of the cells. The drier these substances are the less action they exert on the filler or whatever substance is coated on the surface. If the filler disintegrates, it affects the varnish.
All albuminous substances, be they dry or in liquid form, are subject, more or less, according to the protein they contain—which seems, or rather is, the essential principle of all albuminous matter—to the influence of caustic potash and soda. Thus, the albumen of an egg is exactly like that contained in the composition of wood. As albumen in wood becomes solid by drying, it is easily dissolved again, and will then be acted on chemically by any extraneous substance with which it comes in contact.
Some of the shellacs, substitutes for shellacs, and some of the liquid fillers are manufactured from some of the following substances: Old linseed oil, old varnish, old and hard driers, turpentine, benzine, often gasoline, rosin, whiting, cornstarch flour, nulls, paint skins, silica, and so on. The list is long. To these must be added a large volume of potash, to bring it to and hold it in solution. There must be an excess of potash which is not combined into a chemical compound, which if it did, might mitigate its influence on the albumen of the wood. But as there is potash in its pure state remaining in the solution it necessarily attacks the albumen of the wood, causing disintegration, which releases it from the wood, causing white, grayish flakes, and the formation of a powder. This is not a conclusion drawn from an inference but an established scientific fact resulting from experiments with fillers the various compositions of which were known. All alkalies act on albumen. No one would knowingly varnish over a surface such as it would be were the white of an egg applied to it and then washed with an alkali solution; but that is just what is done when varnish is put over a wood surface filled with a filler which contains an alkali.
Most of the combinations of material used in the painting trade are mixtures; that is, each part remains the same—exerting the same chemical action on another substance, or any other substance coming in contact with a paint mixture will exert the same chemical action on any part, or on any ingredient it contains, the same as if that part was by itself.
We can now account for some of the numerous peculiarities of varnish. We know that any alkali when coming in contact with albumen forms a compound, which on drying is a white, brittle substance easily disintegrated. This is why potash, sal soda, and kindred substances will remove paint. The alkali attacks the albumen in the oil, softening it, causing easy removal, whereas if it were allowed to dry, the albumen in the oil would take on a grayish color quite brittle. Potash or other alkalies in filler not only attack the albumen in the wood, but also attack the albumen in the oil by forming a compound with it. Probably this compound is very slight, only forming a compound in part, enough, nevertheless, to start a destroying influence, which is demonstrated by the following results of experiments. The reader has, perhaps, some time in his career applied a rosin varnish over a potash filler and has been surprised by the good results, a more permanent effect being obtained than in other instances where the best of varnish was used. This is accounted for by the rosin of the potash. Again, the reader may have had occasion to remove varnish with potash and found that potash would not touch it. This is because of its being a rosin varnish. Potash in filler may be rendered somewhat inert, by reason of its compounding with other parts of the filler, but owing to the quantity used in some of the commercial fillers it is not possible that all the alkali is rendered inert. Hence it will attack the albumen wherever found, as all albumen is identical in its chemical composition.
Alkalies have but little effect on the {775} higher classes of gums, because of their effect on the albumen in the wood and oil. All alcohol varnishes or varnishes made by the aid of heat stand well over an alkali filler. Varnishes which contain little oil seem to stand well. This is accounted for by the fact that alcohol renders albumen insoluble. Alkalies of all kinds readily attack shellac and several other of the cheap gums, forming unstable compounds on which oil has but little effect.
Close-grained wood contains less albumen and more lignin than open-grained varieties, and consequently does not take so much filler, which accounts for the finish invariably lasting longer than the same kind used on an open-grained wood. Open-grained wood contains more sap than close grained; consequently there is more albumen to adhere to the sides of the cells. The more albumen, the more readily it is attacked by the potash, and the more readily decomposed, or rather destroyed.
Alcohol renders albumen insoluble immediately on application. It prevents it from compounding with any other substance, or any other substance compounding with it. Hence, we must conclude that an application of alcohol to wood before the filler is applied is valuable, which is proven to be a fact by experiment. Wash one half of a board with alcohol, then apply the potash filler over all. Again, wash the portion of the board on which is the filler and apply a heavy-bodied oil varnish. Expose to sunlight and air the same as a finished door or the like, and wait for the result. At the end of a few months a vast difference will be found in the two parts of the surface. The one on which there is no alcohol will show the ravages of time and the elements much sooner than the one on which it is.
Wood finishers demand a difference in the composition of fillers, paste and liquid, for open- and close-grained wood, respectively; but unfortunately they do not demand a difference between either kind in themselves, according to the kind of wood. Paste fillers are used indiscriminately for open-grained wood and liquid for close-grained wood.
To find the fillers best adapted for a certain wood, and to classify them in this respect will require a large amount of chemical work and practical experiments; but that it should be done is evidenced by the fact that both success and failure result from the use of the same filler on different varieties of wood. After once being classified (owing to the large number now on the market), they will not number nearly so many in the aggregate as might be supposed; as it will be found in many instances that two entirely different varieties of wood resemble each other more closely in their vascular formation and cell characteristics than do two other specimens of the same variety. It is a recognized fact that paste fillers whose base is starch or the like work better and give better results in certain instances, while those whose base is mineral matter seem to do better in other cases.
It is noticed that rosewood as a finishing veneer is obsolete. This is not because of its scarcity, but because it is so hard to finish without having been seasoned for a long time. In these days, manufacturers cannot wait. It takes longer for the sap of rosewood to become inactive, or in trade parlance to “die,” than any other wood. This is because it takes so long for the albumen in the sap to coagulate. Rosewood has always been a source of trouble to piano makers, on account of the action of the sap on the varnish. However, if this wood, previously to filling, was washed with a weak solution of phosphoric acid, and then with wood spirit, it might be more easily finished. The phosphoric acid would coagulate the albumen on the surface of the wood immediately, while alcohol would reduce it to an insoluble state. The idea here is to destroy the activity of the sap, on the same principle as sappy places and knot sap are destroyed by alcohol-shellac before being painted.
Oak is another wood which gives the painter trouble to finish. This may be accounted for as follows: Oak contains a sour acid principle called tannic acid. It is a very active property. Wood during the growing season contains more albumen; thus in the circulation of the sap a large quantity of soft matter is deposited on the lignin which lines the cells, which lignin, if it contains any acid matter, acts on the material of the filler. Tannic acid has a deleterious effect on some of the material of which a number of fillers are made. Starch and many gums are susceptible to its influence, making some of them quite soft. Oak, like most other timber cut at the season when the least sap is in circulation, is the more easily finished.
The vascular formation may, and no doubt has, something to do with wood finishing. Different species of wood differ materially in their vascular and cellular formation. Wood finishers recognize a difference in treatment of French burl walnut and the common American {776} variety. Circassian and Italian walnut, although of the same species, demand widely different treatment in finishing to get the best results.
The only way to find the best materials to use in certain cases is to study and experiment with that end in view. If, by aid of a microscope, a certain piece of wood shows the same cellular formation that another piece did which was successfully finished by a certain process, it may be regarded as safe to treat both alike. If observation on this line is indulged in, it will not take the finisher very long to learn just what treatment is best for the work in hand. How often it has been noticed in something of two parts, like a door, that the panels when finished will pit, run, or sag, while the sides will present a surface in every way desirable and _vice versa_. This is due to the difference in the cellular construction of the wood and to the cellulose, and cannot be otherwise for the parts have been seasoned the same time and treated exactly alike. The physiology of wood is imperfectly understood, but enough is known to warrant us in saying with a certainty that the chemicals in fillers do act upon the principles embodied in its formation.
* * * * *
Some tried formulas follow:
I.—Make a paste to fill the cracks as follows: Old furniture polish: Whiting, plaster of Paris, pumice stone, litharge, equal parts, Japan drier, boiled linseed oil, turpentine, coloring matter, of each a sufficient quantity.
Rub the solids intimately with a mixture of 1 part of the Japan, 2 parts of the linseed oil, and 3 parts of turpentine, coloring to suit with vandyke brown or sienna. Lay the filling on with a brush, let it set for about 20 minutes, and then rub off clean except where it is to remain. In 2 days it will be hard enough to polish. After the surface has been thus prepared, the application of a coat of first-class copal varnish is in order. It is recommended that the varnish be applied in a moderately warm room, as it is injured by becoming chilled in drying. To get the best results in varnishing, some skill and experience are required. The varnish must be kept in an evenly warm temperature, and put on neither too plentifully nor too gingerly. After a satisfactorily smooth and regular surface has been obtained, the polishing proper may be done. This may be accomplished by manual labor and dexterity, or by the application of a very thin, even coat of a very fine, transparent varnish.
If the hand-polishing method be preferred, it may be pursued by rubbing briskly and thoroughly with the following finishing polish:
Alcohol 8 ounces Shellac 2 drachms Gum benzoin 2 drachms Best poppy oil 2 drachms
Dissolve the shellac and gum in the alcohol in a warm place, with frequent agitation, and, when cold, add the poppy oil. This may be applied on the end of a cylindrical rubber made by tightly rolling a piece of flannel, which has been torn, not cut, into strips 4 to 6 inches wide. It should be borne in mind that the surface of the cabinet work of a piano is generally veneered, and this being so, necessitates the exercise of much skill and caution in polishing.
II.—Prepare a paste from fine starch flour and a thick solution of brown shellac, with the spatula upon a grinding stone, and rub the wooden object with this. After the drying, rub off with sandpaper and polish lightly with a rag moistened with a thin shellac solution and a few drops of oil. The ground thus prepared varnish once or twice and a fine luster will be obtained. This method is well adapted for any wood with large pores, such as oak.
«Removal of Heat Stains from Polished Wood.»—Fold a sheet of blotting paper a couple of times (making 4 thicknesses of the paper), cover the place with it, and put a hot smoothing iron thereon. Have ready at hand some bits of flannel, also folded and made quite hot. As soon as the iron has made the surface of the wood quite warm, remove the paper, etc., and go over the spot with a piece of paraffine, rubbing it hard enough to leave a coating of the substance. Now with one of the hot pieces of flannel rub the injured surface. Continue the rubbing, using freshly warmed cloths until the whiteness leaves the varnish or polish. The operation may have to be repeated.
«PRESERVATION OF WOOD.»
I.—An excellent way of preserving wood is to cut it between August and October. The branches are removed, leaving only the leaves at the top. The trunks, carefully cut or sawn (so that their pores remain open), are immediately placed upright, with the lower part immersed in tanks three-quarters filled with water, into which 3 or 4 kilograms of powdered cupric sulphate per hectoliter have been introduced. The mass of {777} leaves left at the extremity of each trunk is sufficient to cause the ascent of the liquid by means of the capillary force and a reserve of energy in the sap.
II.—Wood which can be well preserved may be obtained by making a circular incision in the bark of the trees a certain time before cutting them down. The woodcutters employed in the immense teak forests of Siam have adopted in an empirical way a similar process, which has been productive of good results. The tree is bled, making around the trunk, at the height of 4 feet above ground, a circular incision 8 inches wide and 4 inches deep, at the time when it is in bloom and the sap rising. Sometimes the tree is left standing for 3 years after this operation. Frequently, also, a deep incision reaching the heart is made on two opposite sides, and then it takes sometimes only 6 months to extract the sap.
It is probable that it is partly in consequence of this method that the teakwood acquires its exceptional resistance to various destructive agents.
III.—A good preservation of piles, stakes, and palisades is obtained by leaving the wood in a bath of cupric sulphate of 4° of the ordinary acidimeter for a time which may vary from 8 to 15 days, according to greater or less dryness of the wood and its size. After they are half dried they are immersed in a bath of lime water; this forms with the sulphate an insoluble compound, preventing the rain from dissolving the sulphate which has penetrated the wood. This process is particularly useful for vine props and the wood of white poplars.
A good way to prevent the decay of stakes would be to plant them upside down; that is, to bury the upper extremity of the branch in the ground. In this way, the capillary tubes do not so easily absorb the moisture which is the cause of decay. It frequently happens that for one or another reason, the impregnation of woods designed to be planted in the ground, such as masts, posts, and supports has been neglected. It would be impracticable, after they are placed, to take up these pieces in order to coat them with carbolineum or tar, especially if they are fixed in a wall, masonry, or other structure. Recourse must be had to other means. Near the point where the piece rises from the ground, a hole about one centimeter in width is made in a downward slanting direction, filled with carbolineum, and closed with a wooden plug.
It depends upon the consistency of the wood whether the liquid will be absorbed in 1 or 2 days. The hole is filled again for a week. The carbolineum replaces by degrees the water contained in the wood. When it is well impregnated, the hole is definitely closed with a plug of wood, which is sawn level with the opening. The wood will thus be preserved quite as well as if it had been previously coated with carbolineum.
IV.—Wooden objects remaining in the open air may be effectually protected against the inclemency of the weather by means of the following coating: Finely powdered zinc oxide is worked into a paste with water and serves for whitewashing walls, garden fences, benches, and other wooden objects. After drying, probably at the end of 2 or 3 hours, the objects must be whitewashed again with a very dilute solution of zinc chloride in glue or water. Zinc oxide and zinc chloride form a brilliant, solid compound, which resists the inclemency of the weather.
As a paint for boards, planks for covering greenhouses, garden-frames, etc., Inspector Lucas, of Reutlingen (Würtemberg), has recommended the following coating: Take fresh cement of the best quality, which has been kept in a cool place, work it up with milk on a stone until it is of the consistency of oil paint. The wood designed to receive it must not be smooth, but left rough after sawing. Two or 3 coats are also a protection from fire. Wood to be thus treated must be very dry.
V.—Wood treated with creosote resists the attacks of marine animals, such as the teredo. Elm, beech, and fir absorb creosote very readily, provided the wood is sound and dry. Beechwood absorbs it the best. In fir the penetration is complete, when the wood is of a species of rapid growth, and of rather compact grain. Besides, with the aid of pressure it is always possible to force the creosote into the wood. Pieces of wood treated with creosote have resisted for 10 or 11 years under conditions in which oak wood not treated in this way would have been completely destroyed.
The prepared wood must remain in store at least 6 months before use. The creosote becomes denser during this time and causes a greater cohesion in the fibers. In certain woods, as pitch pine, the injection is impossible, even under pressure, on account of the presence of rosin in the capillary vessels.
VI.—M. Zironi advises heating the wood {778} _in vacuo_. The sap is eliminated in this way. Then the receiver is filled with rosin in solution with a hydrocarbide. The saturation takes place in two hours, when the liquid is allowed to run off, and a jet of vapor is introduced, which carries off the solvent, whole the rosin remains in the pores of the wood, increasing its weight considerably.
VII.—Wood can be well preserved by impregnating it with a solution of tannate of ferric protoxide. This method is due to Hazfeld.
VIII.—The Hasselmann process (xylolized wood), which consists in immersing the wood in a saline solution kept boiling under moderate pressure, the liquid containing copper and iron sulphates (20 per cent of the first and 80 per cent of the second), as well as aluminum and kainit, a substance until recently used only as a fertilizer, is now much employed on the railways in Germany.
IX.—Recently the discovery has been made that wood may be preserved with dissolved betuline, a vegetable product of the consistency of paste, called also birchwood rosin. Betuline must first be dissolved. It is procurable in the crude state at a low price. The wood is immersed for about 12 hours in the solution, at a temperature of from 57° to 60° F.
After the first bath the wood is plunged into a second, formed of a solution of pectic acid of 40° to 45° Bé., and with a certain percentage of an alkaline carbonate—for instance, potassium carbonate of commerce—in the proportion of 1 part of carbonate to about 4 parts of the solution. The wood remains immersed in this composition for 12 hours; then it is taken out and drained from 8 to 15 hours, the time varying according to the nature of the wood and the temperature. In consequence of this second bath, the betulin which was introduced through the first immersion, is fixed in the interior of the mass. If it is desirable to make the wood more durable and to give it special qualities of density, hardness, and elasticity, it must be submitted to strong pressure. In thus supplementing the chemical with mechanical treatment, the best results are obtained.
X.—A receiver of any form or dimensions is filled with a fluid whose boiling point is above 212° F., such as heavy tar oil, saline solutions, etc. This is kept at an intermediate temperature varying between 212° F. and the boiling point; the latter will not be reached, but if into this liquid a piece of wood is plunged, an agitation analogous to boiling is manifested, produced by the water and sap contained in the pores of the wood. These, under the action of a temperature above 212° F., are dissolved into vapor and traverse the bath.
If the wood is left immersed and a constant temperature maintained until every trace of agitation has disappeared, the water in the pores of the wood will be expelled, with the exception of a slight quantity, which, being in the form of vapor, represents only the seventeen-hundredth part of the original weight of the water contained; the air which was present in the pores having been likewise expelled.
If the liquid is left to cool, this vapor is condensed, forming a vacuum, which is immediately filled under the action of the atmospheric pressure. In this way the wood is completely saturated by the contents of the bath, whatever may be its form, proportions or condensation.
To attain the desired effect it is not necessary to employ heavy oils. The latter have, however, the advantage of leaving on the surface of the prepared pieces a kind of varnish, which contributes to protect them against mold, worms, moisture, and dry rot. The same phenomenon of penetration is produced when, without letting the wood grow cold in the bath, it is taken out and plunged immediately into a cold bath of the same or of a different fluid. This point is important, because it is possible to employ as fluids to be absorbed matters having a boiling point below 212° F., and differing in this respect from the first bath, which must be composed of a liquid having a boiling point above 212° F.
If, instead of a cold bath of a homogeneous nature, two liquids of different density separated in two layers, are employed, the wood can, with necessary precautions, be immersed successively in them, so that it can be penetrated with given quantities of each. Such liquids are heavy tar oil and a solution of zinc chloride of 2° to 4° Bé. The first, which is denser, remains at the bottom of the vessel, and the second above. If the wood is first immersed in a saline solution, it penetrates deep into the pores, and when finally the heavy oil is absorbed, the latter forms a superficial layer, which prevents the washing out of the saline solution in the interior, as well as the penetration of moisture from the outside. {779}
XI.—Numerous experiments have been made with all kinds of wood, even with hard oak. In the preparation of oak railway ties it was discovered that pieces subjected to a temperature of 212° F. in a bath of heavy tar oil for 4 hours lost from 6 to 7 per cent of their weight, represented by water and albuminous substances, and that they absorbed in heavy oil and zinc chloride enough to represent an increase of from 2 to 3 per cent on their natural original weight. The oak wood in question had been cut for more than a year and was of a density of 1.04 to 1.07.
This system offers the advantage of allowing the absorption of antiseptic liquids without any deformation of the constituent elements of the wood, the more as the operation is performed altogether in open vessels. Another advantage is the greater resistance of the wood to warping and bending, and to the extraction of metallic pieces, such as nails, cramp irons, etc.
XII.—In the Kyanizing process seasoned timber is soaked in a solution of bichloride of mercury (corrosive sublimate) which coagulates the albumen. The solution is very poisonous and corrodes iron and steel, hence is unsuited for structural purposes in which metallic fastenings are used. The process is effective, but dangerous to the health of the workers employed.
XIII.—The Wellhouse process also uses zinc chloride, but adds a small percentage of glue. After the timber has been treated under pressure the zinc chloride solution is drawn off and one of tannin is substituted. The tannin combines with the glue and forms an insoluble substance that effectually seals the pores.
XIV.—The Allardyce process makes use of zinc chloride and dead oil of tar, the latter being applied last, and the manner of application being essentially the same for both as explained in the other processes.
XV.—The timber is boiled in a solution of copper, iron, and aluminum sulphate, to which a small quantity of kainit is added.
XVI.—In the creo-rosinate process the timber is first subjected to a steaming process at 200° F. to evaporate the moisture in the cells; the temperature is then gradually increased to 320° F. and a pressure of 80 pounds per square inch. The pressure is slowly reduced to 26 inches vacuum, and then a solution of dead oil of tar, melted rosin, and formaldehyde is injected. After this process the timber is placed in another cylinder where a solution of milk of lime is applied at a temperature of 150° F. and a pressure of 200 pounds per square inch.
XVII.—The vulcanizing process of treating timber consists essentially in subjecting it to a baking process in hot air which is heated to a temperature of about 500° F. by passing over steam coils. The heat coagulates the albumen, expels the water from the cells, kills the organisms therein, and seals the cells by transforming the sap into a preservative compound. This method is used with success by the elevated railway systems of several cities.
XVIII.—A durable coating for wood is obtained by extracting petroleum asphalt, with light petroleum, benzine, or gasoline. For this purpose the asphalt, coarsely powdered, is digested for 1 to 2 days with benzine in well-closed vessels, at a moderately warm spot. Petroleum asphalt results when the distillation of petroleum continued until a glossy, firm, pulverizable mass of conchoidal fracture and resembling colophony in consistency remains. The benzine dissolves from this asphalt only a yellowish-brown dyestuff, which deeply enters the wood and protects it from the action of the weather, worms, dry rot, etc. The paint is not opaque, hence the wood retains its natural fiber. It is very pleasant to look at, because the wood treated with it keeps its natural appearance. The wood can be washed off with soap, and is especially suited for country and summer houses.
XIX.—A liquid to preserve wood from mold and dry rot which destroys the albuminous matter of the wood and the organisms which feed on it, so there are neither germs nor food for them if there were any, is sold under the name of carbolineum. The specific gravity of a carbolineum should exceed 1.105, and should give the wood a fine brown color. It should, too, be perfectly waterproof. The three following recipes can be absolutely relied on: _a._ Heat together and mix thoroughly 95 pounds of coal-tar oil and 5 pounds of asphalt from coal tar. _b._ Amalgamate together 30 pounds of heavy coal-tar oil, 60 pounds of crude wood-tar oil, and 25 pounds of heavy rosin oil. _c._ Mix thoroughly 3 pounds of asphalt, 25 pounds of heavy coal-tar oil, and 40 pounds of heavy rosin oil.
XX.—Often the wooden portions of machines are so damaged by dampness prevailing in the shops that the {780} following compound will be found useful for their protection: Melt 375 parts of colophony in an iron vessel, and add 10,000 parts of tar, and 500 parts of sulphur. Color with brown ocher or any other coloring matter diluted with linseed oil. Make a first light application of this mixture while warm, and after drying apply a second coat.
XXI.—For enameling vats, etc., 1,000 parts of brown shellac and 125 parts of colophony are melted in a spacious kettle. After the mass has cooled somewhat, but is still thinly liquid, 6.1 parts of alcohol (90 per cent) is gradually added. In order to prevent the ignition of the spirit vapor, the admixture of spirit is made at a distance from the stove. By this addition the shellac swells up into a semi-liquid mass, and a larger amount of enamel is obtained than by dissolving it cold. The enamel may be used for wood or iron.
The wood must be well dried; only then will the enamel penetrate into the pores. Two or three coats suffice to close up the pores of the wood thoroughly and to render the surface smooth and glossy. Each coating will harden perfectly in several hours. The covering endures a heat of 140° to 150° F. without injury. This glaze can also be mixed with earth colors. Drying quickly and being tasteless, its applications are manifold. Mixed with ocher, for instance, it gives an elegant and durable floor varnish, which may safely be washed off with weak soda solution. If it is not essential that the objects be provided with a smooth and glossy coating, only a preservation being aimed at the following coat is recommended by the same source: Thin, soluble glass (water glass) as it is found in commerce, with about 24 per cent of water, and paint the dry vessel rather hot with this solution. When this has been absorbed, repeat the application, allow to dry, and coat with a solution of about 1 part of sodium bicarbonate in 8 parts of water. In this coating silicic acid is separated by the carbonic acid of the bicarbonate; from the water glass (sodium silicate) absorbed by the pores of the wood, which, as it were, silicifies the wooden surfaces, rendering them resistive against the penetration of liquids. The advantages claimed for both processes are increased durability and facilitated cleaning.
XXII.—Tar paints, called also mineral or metallic paints, are sold in barrels or boxes, at varying prices. Some dealers color them—yellow ocher, red ocher, brown, gray, etc. They are prepared by mixing equal parts of coal tar and oil of turpentine or mineral essence (gasoline). The product, if it is not colored artificially, is of a brilliant black, even when cold. It dries in a few hours, especially when prepared with oil of turpentine. The paints with mineral essence are, however, generally preferred, on account of their lower cost. Either should be spread on with a hard brush, in coats as thin as possible. They penetrate soft woods, and even semi-hard woods sufficiently deep, and preserve them completely. They adhere perfectly to metals. Their employment can, therefore, be confidently advised, so far as concerns the preservation directly of iron cables, reservoirs, the interior surface of generators, etc. However, it has been shown that atmospheric influence or variations of temperature cause the formation of ammoniacal solutions, which corrode the metals. Several companies for the care and insurance of steam engines have for some time recommended the abandonment of tar products for applications of this kind and the substitution of hot linseed oil.
XXIII.—Coal-tar paints are prepared according to various formulas. One in current use has coal tar for a base, with the addition of gum rosin. It is very black. Two thin coats give a fine brilliancy. It is employed on metals, iron, sheet iron, etc., as well as on wood. It dries much quicker than the tars used separately. Its preserving influence against rust is very strong.
The following Tissandier formula has afforded excellent results. Its facility of preparation and its low cost are among its advantages. Mix 10 parts of coal tar, 1 to 1.6 parts of slaked lime, 4,000 parts of oil of turpentine, and 400 parts of strong vinegar, in which 1/5 part of cupric sulphate has been previously boiled. The addition of 2 or 3 cloves of garlic in the solution of cupric sulphate aids in producing a varnish, brilliant as well as permanent. The compound can be colored like ordinary paints.
XXIV.—Rectified rosinous oil for painting must not be confounded with oils used in the preparation of lubricants for metallic surfaces exposed to friction. It contains a certain quantity of rosin in solution, which, on drying, fills the pores of the wood completely, and prevents decomposition from the action of various saprophytic fungi. It is well adapted to the preservation of pieces to be buried in the ground or exposed to the inclemency {781} of the weather. Paints can also be prepared with it by the addition of coloring powders, yellow, brown, red, green, blue, etc., in the proportion of 1 kilo to 5 liters of oil. The addition ought to take place slowly, while shaking, in order to obtain quite a homogeneous mixture. Paints of this kind are economical, in consequence of the low price of rosin, but they cannot be used in the interior of dwellings by reason of the strong and disagreeable odor disengaged, even a long time after their application. As an offset, they can be used like tar and carbonyl, for stalls, stables, etc.
«To Prevent Warping.»—Immerse the wood to be worked upon in a concentrated solution of sea salt for a week or so. The wood thus prepared, after having been worked upon, will resist all changes of temperature.
«STAINS FOR WOOD.»
In the staining of wood it is not enough to know merely how to prepare and how to apply the various staining solutions; a rational exercise of the art of wood staining demands rather a certain acquaintance with the varieties of wood to be operated upon, a knowledge of their separate relations to the individual stains themselves; for with one and the same stain very different effects are obtained when applied to the varying species of wood.
Such a diversity of effects arises from the varying chemical composition of wood. No unimportant rôle is played by the presence in greater or lesser quantities of tannin, which acts chemically upon many of the stains and forms with them various colored varnishes in the fibers. Two examples will suffice to make this clear. (1) Let us take pine or fir, in which but little of the tanning principle is found, and stain it with a solution of 50 parts of potassium chromate in 1,000 parts of pure water; the result will be a plain pale yellow color, corresponding with the potassium chromate, which is not fast and as a consequence is of no value. If, with the same solution, on the contrary, we stain oak, in which the tanning principle is very abundant, we obtain a beautiful yellowish-brown color which is capable of withstanding the effects of both light and air for some time; for the tannin of the oak combines with the penetrating potassium chromate to form a brown dyestuff which deposits in the woody cells. A similar procedure occurs in the staining of mahogany and walnut with the chromate because these varieties of wood are very rich in tannin.
(2) Take some of the same pine or fir and stain it with a solution of 20 parts of sulphate of iron in 1,000 parts of water and there will be no perceptible color. Apply this stain, however, to the oak and we get a beautiful light gray, and if the stain be painted with a brush on the smoother oaken board, in a short time a strong bluish-gray tint will appear. This effect of the stain is the result of the combination of the green vitriol with the tannin; the more tannin present, the darker the stain becomes. The hardness or density of the wood, too, exerts a marked influence upon the resulting stain. In a soft wood, having large pores, the stain not only sinks further in, but much more of it is required than in a hard dense wood; hence in the first place a stronger, greasier stain will be obtained with the same solution than in the latter.
From this we learn that in soft woods it is more advisable to use a thinner stain to arrive at a certain tone; while the solution may be made thicker or stronger for hard woods.
The same formula or the same staining solution cannot be relied upon to give the same results at all times even when applied to the same kinds of wood. A greater or lesser amount of rosin or sap in the wood at the time the tree is felled, will offer more or less resistance to the permeating tendencies of the stain, so that the color may be at one time much lighter, at another darker. Much after the same manner we find that the amount of the tanning principle is not always equal in the same species of wood.
Here much depends upon the age of the tree as well as upon the climatic conditions surrounding the place where it grew. Moreover, the fundamental color of the wood itself may vary greatly in examples of the same species and thus, particularly in light, delicate shades, cause an important delay in the realization of the final color tone. Because of this diversification, not only in the different species of wood, but even in separate specimens of the same species, it is almost impossible always, and at the first attempt, to match a certain predetermined color.
It is desirable that trials at staining should first be made upon pieces of board from the same wood as the object to be stained; the results of such experiments furnishing exact data concerning the strength and composition of the stain to be employed for the exact reproduction of a prescribed color. {782} Many cases occur in which the color tone obtained by staining cannot always be judged directly after applying the stain. Especially is this the case when stain is employed which slowly develops under the action of the air or when the dyestuff penetrates only slowly into the pores of the wood. In such cases the effect of the staining may only be fully and completely appreciated after the lapse of 24 or 48 hours.
Wood that has been stained should always be allowed 24 or 48 hours to dry in ordinary temperatures, before a coat of varnish, polish, or wax is applied. If any dampness be left in the wood this will make itself apparent upon the varnish or polish. It will become dull, lose its glossy appearance, and exhibit white spots which can only be removed with difficulty. If a certain effect demand the application of two or more stains one upon the other, this may only be done by affording each distinct coat time to dry, which requires at least 24 hours.
Not all the dyes, which are applicable to wood staining, can be profitably used together, either when separately applied or mixed. This injunction is to be carefully noted in the application of coal tar or aniline colors.
Among the aniline dyes suitable for staining woods are two groups—the so-called acid dyes and the basic dyes. If a solution of an acid dye be mixed with a basic dye the effect of their antagonistic dispositions is shown in the clouding up of the stain, a fine precipitate is visible and often a rosin-like separation is noticeable.
It is needless to say that such a staining solution is useless for any practical purpose. It cannot penetrate the wood fibers and would present but an unseemly and for the most part a flaky appearance. In preparing the stains it is therefore of the greatest importance that they remain lastingly clear. It would be considerably of advantage, before mixing aniline solutions of which the acid or basic characteristics are unknown, to make a test on a small scale in a champagne glass and after standing a short time carefully examine the solution. If it has become cloudy or wanting in transparency it is a sign that a separation of the coloring matter has taken place.
The mixing of acid or basic dyestuffs even in dry powdered form is attended with the same disadvantages as in the state of solubility, for just as soon as they are dissolved in water the reactions commence and the natural process of precipitation takes place with all its attending disagreeable consequences.
«COLOR STAINS:»
«Bronze.»—I.—Prepare first a thin glue size by soaking good animal glue over night in cold water and melting it next morning in the usual water bath. Strain it, before using, through old linen or cheese cloth into a clean vessel. Sandpaper smooth and dust the articles, then apply with a soft bristle brush 2 or 3 coats of the size, allowing sufficient time for each coat to harden before applying the next. Now, a ground coat made by thoroughly mixing finely bolted gilders’ whiting and glue size is applied, and when this has become hard it is rubbed to a smooth, even surface with selected fine pumice, and then given 1 coat of thin copal varnish. When this is nearly but not quite dry, the bronze powder is applied with a suitable brush or wad of cotton, and when dry the surplus bronze is removed with the same tool. If collected on clean paper, the dusted-off bronze powder may be used again.
II.—Diluted water-glass solution makes a good ground for bronze. Bronze powder is sprinkled on from a wide-necked glass tied up with gauze, and the excess removed by gently knocking. The bronze powder adheres so firmly after drying that a polish may be put on by means of an agate. The process is especially useful for repairing worn-off picture frames, book ornamentations, etc. The following bronze ground also yields good results: Boil 11,000 parts of linseed oil with 25 parts of impure zinc carbonate, 100 parts of red lead, 25 parts of litharge, and 0.3 parts of mercuric chloride, until a drop taken out will stand like a pea upon a glass surface. Before complete cooling, the mass is diluted with oil of turpentine to a thick syrup.
«Ebony Stains.»—I.—To 1 pint of boiling water add 3/4 ounce of copperas and 1 ounce logwood chips. Apply this to the wood hot. When the surface has dried thoroughly wet it with a solution composed of 7 ounces steel filings dissolved in 1/4 pint of vinegar.
II.—Give the wood several applications of a stout decoction of logwood chips, finishing off with a free smear of vinegar in which rusty nails have been for some time submerged.
III.—In 1 quart of water boil 1/4 pound of logwood chips, subsequently adding 1/2 ounce pearl ash, applying the mixture {783} hot. Then again boil the same quantity of logwood in the same quantity of water, adding 1/4 ounce of verdigris and 1/4 ounce of copperas, after which strain and put in 1/4 pound of rusty steel filings. With this latter mixture coat the work, and, should the wood not be sufficiently black, repeat the application.
«Metallic Luster.»—A valuable process to impart the luster of metal to ordinary wood, without injuring its natural qualities, is as follows: The wood is laid, according to its weight, for 3 or 4 days in a caustic alkaline solution, such as, for instance, of calcined soda, at a temperature of 170° F. Then it is at once placed in a bath of calcium hydrosulphite, to which, after 24 to 36 hours, a saturated solution of sulphur in caustic potash is added. In this mixture the wood is left for 48 hours at 100° to 120° F. The wood thus prepared, after having been dried at a moderate temperature, is polished by means of a smoothing iron, and the surface assumes a very handsome metallic luster. The effect of this metallic gloss is still more pleasing if the wood is rubbed with a piece of lead, zinc, or tin. If it is subsequently polished with a burnisher of glass or porcelain, the wood gains the brilliancy of a metallic mirror.
«Nutwood.»—One part permanganate of potassium is dissolved in 30 parts clear water; with this the wood to be stained is coated twice. After an
## action of 5 minutes, rinse off with water, dry, oil, and polish. It is
best to prepare a fresh solution each time.
«Oak.»—I.—Water-color stains do not penetrate deep enough into wood to make the effect strong enough, hence solutions of other material than color are being employed for the purpose. Aqua ammonia alone, applied with a rag or brush repeatedly, will darken the color of oak to a weathered effect, but it is not very desirable, because of its tendency to raise the grain. Bichromate of potash, dissolved in cold water, applied in a like manner, until the desired depth is obtained, will serve the purpose. These washes or solutions, however, do not give the dark, almost black, effect that is at the present time expected for weathered oak, and in order to produce this, 4 ounces of logwood chips and 3 ounces of green copperas should be boiled together in 2 quarts of water for 40 minutes and the solution applied hot. When this has dried it should be gone over with a wash made from 4 ounces steel filings and 1 pint of strong vinegar. The steel filings are previously put into the vinegar and allowed to stand for several days. This will penetrate into the wood deeply, and the stain will be permanent. Picture-frame manufacturers use a quick-drying stain, made from aniline blacks.
II.—Dissolve 1/4 part of permanganate of potassium in 1,000 parts of cold water and paint the wood with the violet solution obtained. As soon as the solution comes in contact with the wood it decomposes in consequence of chemical action, and a handsome light-brown precipitate is produced in the wood. The brushes used must be washed out immediately, as the permanganate of potassium destroys animal bristles, but it is preferable to use sponges or brushes of glass threads for staining. Boil 2 parts of cutch in 6 parts of water for 1 hour, stir while boiling, so that the rosiniferous catechu cannot burn on the bottom of the vessel; strain the liquid as soon as the cutch is dissolved, through linen, and bring again to a boil. Now dissolve therein 1/5 part of alum, free from iron; apply the stain while hot, and cover after the drying, with a solution of 1 part of bichromate of potassium in 25 parts of water.
«Rosewood.»—First procure 1/2 pound logwood, boiling it in 3 pints water. Continue the boiling until the liquid assumes a very dark color, at which point add 1 ounce salt of tartar. When at the boiling point stain your wood with 2 or 3 coats, but not in quick succession, as the latest coat must be nearly dry before the succeeding one is applied. The use of a fiat graining brush, deftly handled, will produce a very excellent imitation of dark rosewood.
«Silver Gray.»—This stain is prepared by dissolving 1 part of pyrogallic acid in 25 parts of warm water and the wood is coated with this. Allow this coating to dry and prepare, meanwhile, a solution of 2 parts of green vitriol in 50 parts of boiling water, with which the first coating is covered again to obtain the silver-gray shade.
«Walnut.»—I.—Prepare a solution of 6 ounces of a solution of permanganate of potassium, and 6 ounces of sulphate of magnesia in 2 quarts of hot water. The solution is applied on the wood with a brush and the application should be repeated once. In contact with the wood the permanganate decomposes, and a handsome, lasting walnut color results. If small pieces of wood are to be thus stained, a very dilute bath is prepared {784} according to the above description, then the wooden pieces are immersed and left therein from 1 to 5 minutes, according to whether a lighter or darker coloring is desired.
II.—One hundredweight Vandyke brown, ground fine in water, and 28 pounds of soda, dissolved in hot water, are mixed while the solutions are hot in a revolving mixer. The mixture is then dried in sheet-iron trays.
«Yellow.»—The wood is coated with a hot concentrated solution of picric acid, dried, and polished. (Picric acid is poisonous.)
«IMITATION STAINS.»
Yellow, green, blue, or gray staining on wood can be easily imitated with a little glazing color in oil or vinegar, which will prove better and more permanent than the staining. If the pores of the wood are opened by a lye or a salt, almost any diluted color can be worked into it. With most stains the surface is thus prepared previously.
«Light-Fast Stains.»—Stains fast to light are obtained by saturating wood in a vacuum chamber, first with dilute sulphuric acid, then with dilute alkali to neutralize the acid, and finally with a solution with or without the addition of a mordant. The action of the acid is to increase the affinity of the wood for dye very materially. As wood consists largely of cellulose, mercerization, which always increases the affinity of that substance for dyes, may be caused to some extent by the acid.
«SPIRIT STAINS:»
«Black.»—
I.—White shellac 12 ounces Vegetable black 6 ounces Methylated spirit 3 pints
II.—Lampblack 1 pound Ground iron scale 5 pounds Vinegar 1 gallon
«Mahogany Brown.»—Put into a vessel, say 4 pounds of bichromate of potash, and as many ounces of burnt umber, let it stand a day or two, then strain or lawn for use.
«Vandyke Brown.»—
Spirit of wine 2 pints Burnt umber 3 ounces Vandyke brown color 1 ounce Carbonate of soda 1 ounce Potash 1/2 ounce
«Mahogany.»—Rub the wood with a solution of nitrous acid, and then apply with a brush the following:
I.—Dragon’s blood 1 ounce Sodium carbonate 6 drachms Alcohol 20 ounces
Filter just before use.
II.—Rub the wood with a solution of potassium carbonate, 1 drachm to a pint of water, and then apply a dye made by boiling together:
Madder 2 ounces Logwood chips 1/2 ounce Water 1 quart
«Maple.»—
I.—Pale button lac 3 pounds Bismarck brown 1/8 ounce Vandyke brown 1/2 ounce Gamboge 4 ounces Methylated spirit 1 gallon
II.—Use 1 gallon of methylated spirit, 4 ounces gamboge (powdered), 1/2 ounce Vandyke brown, 1 drachm Bismarck brown, 3 pounds shellac.
«Maroon.»—To produce a rich maroon or ruby, steep red Janders wood in rectified naphtha and stir into the solution a little cochineal; strain or lawn for use.
«Turpentine Stains.»—Turpentine stains are chiefly solutions of oil-soluble coal-tar dyes in turpentine oil, with small quantities of wax also in solution. They do not roughen the wood, making a final polishing unnecessary. They enter the wood slowly, so that an even stain, especially on large surfaces, is secured. The disadvantages of turpentine stains are the lack of permanence of the coloring, when exposed to light and air, and their high price.
«Varnish Stains.»—Shellac is the chief article forming the basis of varnish stains the coloring matter being usually coal tar or aniline dyes, as they give better results than dye wood tincture. To prevent the varnish stain being too brittle, the addition of elemi rosin is a much better one than common rosin, as the latter retards the drying quality, and if too much be used, renders the stain sticky.
«Water Stains.»—Water stains are solutions of chemicals, dye extracts, astringent substances, and coal-tar dyes in water. They roughen the wood, a disadvantage, however, which can be remedied to a large extent by previous treatment, as follows: The wood is moistened with a wet sponge, allowed to dry, {785} and then rubbed with sandpaper, or made smooth by other agencies. This almost entirely prevents roughening of the surface by the stain. Another disadvantage of these stains is that they are rapidly absorbed by the wood, which makes an even staining of large surfaces difficult. For this too there is a remedy. The surface of the wood is rubbed all over evenly with raw linseed oil, applied with a woolen cloth, allowed to dry, and then thoroughly smoothed with sandpaper. The water stain, applied with a sponge, now spreads evenly, and is but slightly absorbed by the wood.
Among good water stains are the long-known Cassel brown and nut brown, in granules. Catechine is recommended for brown shades, with tannin or pyrogallic acid and green vitriol for gray. For bright-colored stains the tar-dyes azine green, croceine scarlet, Parisian red, tartrazine, water-soluble nigrosin, walnut, and oak brown are very suitable. With proper mixing of these dyes, all colors except blue and violet can be produced, and prove very fast to light and air, and superior to turpentine stains. Only the blue and violet dyes, methyl blue, naphthol blue, and pure violet, do not come up to the standard, and require a second staining with tannin.
A very simple method of preparing water stains is as follows: Solutions are made of the dyes most used, by dissolving 500 parts of the dye in 10,000 parts of hot water, and these are kept in bottles or casks. Any desired stain can be prepared by mixing proper quantities of the solutions, which can be diluted with water to make lighter stains.
«Stains for Wood Attacked by Alkalies or Acids.»—
_Solution A_
Copper sulphate 125 grams Potassium chlorate 125 grams Water 1,000 cu. cm.
Boil until all is dissolved.
_Solution B_
Aniline hydrochloride 150 grams Water 1,000 cu. cm
Apply Solution A twice by means of a brush, allowing time to dry after each coat; next, put on Solution B and let dry again. On the day following, rub on a little oil with a cloth and repeat this once a month.
«SUBSTITUTES FOR WOOD.»
I.—Acetic paraldehyde or acetic aldehyde respectively, or polymerized formaldehyde is mixed with methylic alcohol and carbolic acid, as well as fusel oil saturated with hydrochloric acid gas or sulphuric acid gas or methylic alcohol, respectively, are added to the mixture. The mass thus obtained is treated with paraffine. The final product is useful as a substitute for ebonite and wood as well as for insulating purposes.
II.—“Carton Pierre” is the name of a mass which is used as a substitute for carved wood. It is prepared in the following manner: Glue is dissolved and boiled; to this, tissue paper in suitable quantity is added, which will readily go to pieces. Then linseed oil is added, and finally chalk is stirred in. The hot mass forms a thick dough which crumbles in the cold, but softens between the fingers and becomes kneadable, so that it can be pressed into molds (of glue, gypsum, and sulphur). After a few days the mass will become dry and almost as hard as stone. The paper imparts to it a high degree of firmness, and it is less apt to be injured than wood. It binds well and readily adheres to wood.
III.—Wood Pulp.—The boards for painters’ utensils are manufactured in the following manner: The ordinary wood fiber (not the chemical wood cellulose) is well mixed with soluble glass of 33° Bé., then spread like cake upon an even surface, and beaten or rolled until smooth. Before completely dry, the cake is removed, faintly satined (for various other purposes it is embossed) and finally dried thoroughly at a temperature of about 133° F., whereupon the mass may be sawed, carved, polished, etc., like wood.
Any desired wood color can be obtained by the admixture of the corresponding pulverized pigment to the mass. The wood veining is produced by placing a board of the species of timber to be imitated, in vinegar, which causes the soft parts of the wood to deepen, and making an impression with the original board thus treated upon the wood pulp when the latter is not quite hard. By means of one of these original boards (with the veins embossed), impressions can be made upon a large number of artificial wood plates. The veins will show to a greater advantage if the artificial wood is subsequently saturated and treated with colored oil, colored stain and colored polish, as is done with palettes.
WOOD, ACID-PROOF: See Acid-Proofing.
WOOD CEMENTS: See Adhesives. {786}
WOOD, CHLORINE-PROOFING: See Acid-Proofing.
WOOD, FIREPROOFING: See Fireproofing.
WOOD GILDING: See Plating.
WOOD, IMITATION: See Plaster.
WOOD POLISHES: See Polishes.
WOOD RENOVATORS: See Cleaning Preparations and Methods under Paint, Varnish, and Enamel Removers.
WOOD, SECURING METALS TO: See Adhesives.
WOOD, WATERPROOFING: See Waterproofing.
WOOD’S METAL: See Alloys.
WOOL FAT: See Fats.
WORM POWDER FOR STOCK: See Veterinary Formulas.
«WRITING, RESTORING FADED:»
Writing on old manuscripts, parchments, and old letters that has faded into nearly or complete invisibility can be restored by rubbing over it a solution of ammonium sulphide, hydrogen sulphide or of “liver of sulphur.” On parchment the restored color is fairly permanent but on paper it does not last long. The letters however could be easily retraced, after such treatment, by the use of India ink and thus made permanent. This treatment will not restore faded aniline ink. It only works with ink containing a metal-like iron that forms a black sulphide.
WRINKLES, REMOVAL OF: See Cosmetics.
«Yeast»
«DRY YEAST.»
Boil together for 1/2 hour, 95 parts of the finest, grated hops and 4,000 parts of water. Strain. Add to the warm liquor 1,750 parts of rye meal or flour. When the temperature has fallen to that of the room add 167 parts of good yeast. On the following day the mass will be in a state of fermentation. While it is in this condition add 4,000 parts of barley flour, so as to form a dough. This dough is cut up into thin disks, which are dried as rapidly as possible in the open air or sun. For use, the disks are broken into small pieces and soaked overnight in warm water. The yeast can be used on the following day as if it were ordinary brewers’ yeast.
«PRESERVATION OF YEAST.»
I.—The yeast is laid in a vessel of cold water which is thereupon placed in a well-ventilated, cool spot. In this manner the yeast can be preserved for several weeks. In order to preserve the yeast for several months a different process must be followed. The yeast, after having been pressed, is thoroughly dried. For this purpose the yeast is cut up into small pieces which are rolled out, placed on blotting paper, and allowed to dry in a place which is not reached by the sun. These rolls are then grated, again dried, and finally placed in glass bottles. For use, the yeast is dissolved, whereupon it immediately regains its freshness. This process is particularly to be recommended because it preserves the yeast for a long period.
II.—For liquid yeast add one-eighth of its volume in glycerine. In the case of compressed yeast, the cakes are to be covered with glycerine and kept in closed vessels. Another method of preserving compressed yeast is to mix it intimately with animal charcoal to a dough, which is to be dried by exposure to sunlight. When it is to be used, it is treated with water, which will take up the ferment matter, while the charcoal will be deposited. Liquid and compressed yeast have been kept for a considerable time, without alteration, by saturating the former with chloroform and keeping the latter under chloroform water.
«YEAST TESTS.»
I.—Pour a few drops of yeast into boiling water. If the yeast sinks, it is spoiled; if it floats, it is good.
II.—To 1 pound yeast add 1/2 tablespoonful of corn whisky or brandy, a pinch of sugar, and 2 tablespoonfuls of wheat flour. Mix thoroughly and allow the resultant compound to stand in a warm place. If the yeast is good it will rise in about an hour.
YEAST AND FERTILIZERS: See Fertilizers.
YELLOW (CHROME), TEST FOR: See Pigments. {787}
«INDEX»
A
Absinthe, 765
Absolute Alcohol, 45
Abrasion Remedy, 225, 486
Acacia, Mucilage of, 43
Acid-free Soldering Fluid, 659
Acid-proof Alloy, 62 Cement, 26 Corks, 10 Glass, 374
Acid-proofing, 9
Acid-proof Pastes, 38 Putty, 607 Table Top, 9
Acid Receptacles, Lining for, 10
Acid-resisting Paint, 499
Acids, Soldering, 656
Acid Stains Removed, 184 Test for Gold, 432 for Vinegar, 358
Aconite-Monkshood Poison, 93
Adhesion, 105 Belt Pastes for Increasing, 105
Adhesive Paste, 37, 39
Adhesives, 10
Advertising Matter, to Scent, 510
Adulterants in Foods, 348
Adulteration of Linseed Oil, 460 of Wax, 753
Adurol Developer, 527
Affixing Labels to Glass, 42
Agar Agar Paste, 37
Agate, Buttons of Artificial, 44
Agate (Imitation), 370
Age of Eggs, 283
Aging of Silk, 639
Agricultural Sources of Industrial Alcohol, 668
Air Bath, 44 Bubbles in Gelatine, 370 Exclusion of, 553
Air-purifying, 44
Albata Metal, 63
Albumen, 34 in Urine, Detection of, 44 Paste, 37
Alcohol, 44 Absolute, 45 Defined, 667 Deodorized, 45, 514 Dilution of, 45, 703 in Beer, 45 Manufacture, 667, 674 Solid, 45 Tests for Absolute, 45
Ale, 46 Ginger, 107
Alfenide Metal, 63
Alkali Blue and Nicholson’s Blue Dye, 267
Alkalis and Their Salts Poison, 93
Alkaline Glycerine of Thymol, 100
Alkaloids, Antidotes to, 102
Alkermes Cordial, 763
Alloy, Acid-proof, 62 for Caliper and Gage-rod Castings, 80 for Watch Pinion Sockets, 736 Lipowitz’s, 61 Moussets’, 76
Alloys, 47 Copper, Silver, Cadmium, 76 for Casting Coins, etc., 62 for Cementing Glass, 52 for Drawing Colors on Steel, 80 for Metal Foil, 474 for Small Casting Molds, 80 having a Density, 48 Silver, Nickel, Zinc, 76 Tin, 77 Unclassified, 80
Almond Blossom Perfumery, 518 Cold Cream, 235 Extracts, 312 Powders for the Toilet, 242
Altars, to Clean, 185
Alum, 80 Baking Powder, 102 Bath, 535 Process of Water Purification, 340
Aluminum Alloys, 48 Electrical Conductivity of, 50
Aluminum-brass, 50
Aluminum Bronze, 56, 657 Castings, 150
Aluminum-Copper, 50
Aluminum Gilding, 576 Gold, 68 Etching Fluid for, 324 How to Color, 80 Lacquer for, 438 Paper, 507 Plating, 572, 581 Polishes, 590
Aluminum-Silver, 50, 75
Aluminum Solders, 657
Aluminum-Tin, 50
Aluminum, to Clean, 204 Toughness, Density and Tenacity, 83
Aluminum-Tungsten, 50
Aluminum Varnish, 725 Working of Sheet, 83
Aluminum-Zinc, 50
Amalgam for Cementing Glass, etc., 90 for Plaster, 65 for Silvering Glass Balls, 90 for the Rubber of Electric Machines, 90 Gold Plating, 576
Amalgams, 64, 85 for Mirrors, 72
Amber, 90 Cements, 26 Varnish, 718
Ambrosia Powder, 628
American Champagne, 118 Factory Cheese, 176 Lemonade, 110 Soda Fountain Company’s Whipped Cream, 248
Amethyst (Imitation), 370
Amidol Developer, 528
Ammon-carbonite, 331
Ammonia, 91 for Fixing Prints, 536 Household, 91 Poison, 93 Violet Color for, 91 Water, 245, 519 Perfumed, 91
Anchovies, Essence of, 98
Anchovy Paste, 98 Preparations, 98 Sauce, Extemporaneous, 98
Angostura Bitters, 762
Anise Cordial, 763
Aniline, 266 Black Dye, 266, 279 Substitutes, 279 Black Lake Dye, 278 Blue Dye, 268 Green Dye for Wool, 269 for Silk, 269 in Pigments, Tests for, 560 Scarlet Dye, 271 Stains, to Remove, 185 Yellow Dye, 271
Animals, Fly Protection for, 419
Ankara, 142
Annealing Bronze, 56 Copper, 219
Annealing of Steel, Wire, etc., 681
Anodynes, 486
Ansco Platinum Paper, 529
Ant Destroyers, 420
Anti-corrosive or Asiatic Ink, 414
Antidotes for Belladonna, 93 for Poisons, 92
Anti-ferments, 97
Anti-fouling Compositions, 498
Anti-freezing Solution, 362, 363 for Automobilists, 363
Anti-friction Bearing or Babbitt Metals, 50 Metal, 58
Anti-frost Solution, 363
Anti-leak Rubber Tire, 708
Antimony Poison, 93 Baths, 581
Antique Bronzes, 566 Silver, 587, 639 Imitation of, 640
Antiques, to Preserve, 98
Anti-rust Compositions, 625 Paper for Needles, 625 Pastes, 625
Antiseptic Bromine Solution, 100 Enamel, 720 Nervine Ointment, 487 Oil of Cinnamon, 100 Paste (Poison), 99 Pencils, 99 Powders, 98 Soap, 644 Solution, Coloring for, 100 Tooth Powder, 253
Antiseptics, 98 for Caged Birds, 729 Mouth, 99
Aphtite, 70
Apollinaris Lemonade, 110 Water, 740
Apple Extract, 312 Syrup, 312
Applications for Prickly Heat, 398 of Barium Amalgams, 86 of Bismuth Amalgams, 88 of Cadmium Amalgams, 87 of Copper Amalgams, 87 of Gold Amalgams, 89 of Lead Amalgams, 88 of Manganese Amalgams, 87
Applications of Potassium Amalgams, 86 of Silver Amalgams, 88 of Sodium Amalgams, 86 of Strontium Amalgams, 86 of Tin Amalgams, 87 of Zinc Amalgams, 87
Applying Decalcomania Pictures, 250
Apricot Extract, 312
Aquarium Putty, 608
Argentan, 69
Arguzoid, 70
Armenian Cement, 20
Arms, Oil for, 460
Arnica Salve, 486
Aromatic Cod-Liver Oil, 482 Cotton, 246 Rhubarb Remedy, 180 Vinegar, 735
Arsenic Alloys, 63, 75
Arsenic Poison, 93, 614
Art Bronzes, 57, 556 of Lacquering, 437
Artificial Aging of Fabrics, 639 Beeswax, 754 Butter, 142 Ciders, 181 Coloring of Flowers, 346 Egg Oil, 284 Fertilizers for Pot Plants, 336 Flowers, Dyes for, 272 Flower Fertilizer, 337 Horn, 396 Leather, 447 Marbles, 699 Rubber, 618 “Rubbered” Silk, 639 Slate, 643 Violet Perfumery, 518 Water, 739
Asbestos Cement, 30 Fabric, 342
Asphalt and Pitch, 33 as Ingredient of Rubber, 619 in Painting, 718 Varnishes, 718
Assaying of Gold, 381
Asthma Cures, 101 Fumigating Powders, 101 in Canaries, 728 Papers, 101
Astringent for Horses, 730 Wash for Flabby Skin, 234
Atomic Weights, 758
Atomizer Liquid for Sick Rooms, 264
Attaching Enamel Letters to Glass, 19 by Cement, 17
Atropine, Antidote to, 102
Aqua Aromatica, 102 Fortis for the Touchstone, 383 Poison, 92 Regia, 102
Aquarium Cements, 31
Automobile Engines, Cooling, 363
Automobiles, Anti-freezing Solution, 363
Axle Grease, 462
B
Babbitt-Metals, 50
Baking Powders, 102
Balance Spring, 738
Baldness, 392
Balkan Paste, 38
Ball Blue, 281, 444
Ball-Room Floor Powder, 345
Balsam, Birch, 103 of Sulphur, 380 Spray Solution, 103
Balsam, Stains, to Remove, 194 Wild-cherry, 103
Balsams, 102
Balsamic Cough Syrup, 211
Banana Bronzing Solution, 489 Cream, 115 Trick, the Burning, 611 Syrup, 312
Banjo Sour, 110
Barbers’ Itch, 486 Powder, 243
Barium Amalgams, 86 Poison, 615
Barometers (Paper), 402
Bath, Air, 44 Metal, 63 Powder, 242 Tablets, Effervescent, 103
Bath-tub Enamel, 721 Paint, 501
Batteries, Solution for, 104
Basis for Effervescent Salts, 627
Baudoin Metal, 63
Bavaroise au Cognac, 118
Bay Rum, 104, 513
Bear Fat, 333
Bearing Lubricant, 461 Metal, 50
Beauty Cream, 231 Water, 244
Bedbug Destroyers, 420
Beechwood Furniture Polish, 593
Beef and Iron, 771 Iron, and Wine, 104
Beef-marrow Pomade, 227
Beef Peptonoids, 509 Preservatives, 360 Tea, 112
Beer, 118 Ginger, 108 Lemon, 108 Restoration of Spoiled, 105 Spruce, 119 Treacle, 119 Weiss, 119
Beers, Alcohol in, 45
Beetle Powder, 425
Bees, Foul Brood in, 105
Beeswax, Artificial, 754
Belladonna, Antidotes to, 93
Bell Metal, 51
Belt Cement, 31 Glue, 15 Lubricant, 462 Pastes for Increasing Adhesion, 105
Bénédictine, 769
Bengal Lights, 609
Bent Glass, 371
Benzine, 106 Cleaning with, 209 Purification of, 106 to Color Green, 106
Benzoic Acid, Detection of, 350 in Food, 350
Benzoic-acid Pastilles, 211
Benzoin-Glycerine Soap, 652
Benzoparal, 107
Berge’s Blasting Powder, 330
Beverages, 107 Yellow Coloring for, 119
Bibra Alloy, 71
Bicycle Dipping Varnish, 719
Bicycle-tire Cement, 23
Bicycle Varnishes, 719
Bicycles, Black Paint for, 495
Bidery Metal, 80
Billiard Balls, 148, 428
Birch Balsam, 103
Birch-Bud Water, 519
Birch Water, 244, 389
Bird Diseases, Remedies, 728 Foods, 120, 729
Bird Lime, 458 Paste, 145 Tonic, 729
Birds, Antiseptic Wash for, 729 Constipation in, 729 Diarrhœa in, 729
Biscuit, Dog, 265
Bismarck Brown Dye, 267
Bismuth, 49 Alloys, 52 Amalgams, Applications of, 88 Bronze, 70 Purification of, 380 to Purify, 380
Biting Off Red-hot Iron, 612
Bitter Almond Oil Poison, 93
Bitters, 762
Blackberry Cholera Mixture, 180 Cordial, 763
Blackboard Paint and Varnish, 489 Varnish, 720
Black Color on Brass, 129 Dye for Tanned Leather, 447 on Cotton, 266 on Wool, for Mixtures, 267
Blackening Iron, 495
“Black Eye” Lotion, 333
Black Finish for Brass, 129 Grease Paints, 229 Hair Dye without Silver, 390
Blackhead Remedies, 232
Blacking Copper, 221 for Harness, 450 for Shoes, 631 Stove, 700
Black Japanese Varnish, 719 Lake Dyes for Wall-paper, 278 Marble, Imitation, 699 Marking Inks, 407 Paint for Polished Iron, 495 Patina, 585 Putty, 607 Ruling Ink, 403 Sheet Rust Preventive, 624 Starch, 680 Straw Hat Varnish, 266 Varnish, 543, 544, 719 Wash for Casting Molds, 150
Blanching Silver, 640
Blanket Washing, 399
Blasting Powder, 330
Blazing Sponge Trick, 611
Bleach for Hands, 233
Bleaches, Bone, 430
Bleaching, 120 and Coloring Feathers, 335 Bone Fat, 333 Cotton by Steaming, 245 Cotton, 245 Feathers, 121, 335 Linen, 120 of Linseed Oil, 459 of Vegetable Fibers with Hydrogen Peroxide, 245 Oils, 484 Photographic Prints White, 553 Silk, 120, 639 Skin Salves, 234 Solution, 121 for Photographs, 553 Solutions for the Laundry, 446 Sponges, 678 Straw, 120 Tallows and Fats, 334 Wool, 120
Bleeding, Local, 701
Blight Remedies, 121
Blisters, for Horses, 729
Block for Soldering, 667 Hollow Concrete Building, 691 Machines, 694
Blocks Poured from Wet Concrete, 694
Blood-red Brick Stain, 166
Blotting Paper, 503
Blue, Ball, 281
Blue-black Ink, 414 Patina, 585
Blue Bronze, 138 Dye for Hosiery, 268 from Green at Night, 121 Indelible Ink, 406 Paving Bricks, 166
Blueprint Inks, 403 Paper Making, 536
Blueprints, to Change, 121 to Turn Brown, 542 Waterproofing, 741
Blue Ruling Ink, 403 Sanitary Powder, 263 Vitriol Poison, 94
Bluing, 443 Compounds, 443 of Steel, 682
Bluish-black Lake Dye, 278
Blush Pink Dye on Cotton Textile, 279
Board-sizing, 38
Boiled Oil, 484
Boiler Compounds, 121 Plates, Protecting from Scales, 122 Pressure, 123 Scales, Prevention of, 122
Boiling the Linseed Oil, 409
Boil Remedy, 121
Bone Black, 123 Bleaches, 430 Fat, 333 Fertilizers, 338 or Ivory Black, 123 Polishes, 395 Uniting Glass With, 17
Bones, A Test for Broken, 124 Treatment of, in Manufacturing Glue, 10
Bookbinders’ Varnish, 720
## Book Disinfectant, 263
How to Open, 125
Bookworms, 425
Books, their Preservation, 124 to Remove Marks from, 186
Boot Dressings, 631 Lubricant, 460
Boot-top Liquid, 632
Boots, Waterproofing, 750
Borated Apple Blossom Powder, 243 Talcum, 510
Borax in Food, 350 for Sprinkling, 125 Soap Powder, 650
Boric Acid, Detection of, 350
Borotonic, 258
Bottling Sweet Cider, 181
Bottle-cap Lacquer, 440
Bottle-Capping Mixtures, 126
Bottle Cleaners, 210 Deodorizer, 127 Stoppers, 700 Varnish, 720 Wax, 553
Bottles, 126 White Glass for, 373
Bouillon, 113 Chicken, 112 Clam, 113 Hot Egg, 112 Tomato Extract, 212
Bowls of Fire Trick, 611
Box Glue, 15
Bradley Platinum Paper, 529
“Braga,” 117
Bran, Sawdust in, 126
Brandy, Artificial French, 768 and Brandy Bitters, 762
Brass, 127, 435 A Bronze for, 136
Brass and Bronze Protective Paint, 495 Articles, Restoration of, 132 Black Color on, 129 Black Finish for, 129 Bronzing, 566 Brown Color to, 130 Cleaners, 202, 203 Coloring, 129, 473 Colors for Polished, 127 Etching Bath for, 324 Fluid for, 323 Fastening Porcelain to, 17 Gilding, 576 Graining of, 130
Brass-Iron (Aich’s Metal), 53
Brass Parts, Improved, 132 Pickle for, 132 Platinizing, 566 Polishes, 590 Sand Holes in, 150 Solders, 657 to Cast Yellow, 54 Tombac Color on, 130 Unpolished Coloring, 128 Varnishes Imitating Gold, 725
Brassing, 572, 581 Zinc, Steel, Cast Iron, 581
Brassware, Gold Lacquers for, 440
Bread, Dog, 265
Breath, Fetid, Remedies for, 133 Perfumes, 258
Brewers’ Yeast, 339
Brick and Tilemakers’ Glazed Bricks, 164 Arches, Waterproofing, 741
Brickbat, Cheese, 176
Brick, Blood-red Stain, 166 Colors, 165
Brickmakers’ Notes, 167
Brick Polishes, 600 Stain, 133, 166 Walls, to Clean, 197 to Renovate, 190 Waterproofing, 134
Bricks, 164 Glaze for, 377 of Sand-lime, 689 Polish for, 600
Brie, Cheese, 176
Brightening Pickle, 469
Bright Red Rouge, 229
Brilliantine, 390 Florician, 483
Brimstone (Burning), 611
Bristol Brass (Prince’s Metal), 53
Britannia Metal, 55 to Clean, 201 Silver-plating, 587
British Champagne, 118 Oil, 484
Brocchieri’s Styptic, 701
Brocq’s Pomade for Itching, 228
Broken Bones, A Test for, 124
Bromine, Antiseptic, 100
Bromoform, 134 Rum, 134
Bronze, Aluminum, 56 Annealing, 56 Articles, Polish for, 591 Casting, 150 Cleaning, 202, 205 Coloring, 138 Dye, 272 for Brass, 136 Gilding, 137 Leather, 447 Lettering, 456 Machine, 58 Phosphor, 58 Polishes, 591 Powder, Liquid for, 567
Bronze Powders, 134, 139 Preparations, 135
Bronze, Renovation of, 205 Silicon, 61 Steel, 61 Substitutes, 137 Tincture, 135, 137 to Renovate, 201 Varnishes, 726
Bronzes, 55 Art, 57 Pickle for, 138 Statuary, 57
Bronzing, 566 and Patinizing of Articles, 136 Engraved Ornaments, 137 General Directions for, 135 Liquid, 136 Metals, 567 of Brass, 571 of Gas Fixtures, 566 of Wood, 782 of Zinc, 137 Solutions for Paints, 489 with Soluble Glass, 139
Brooches, Photographing on, 551
Brown Dye for Cotton, 267 for Silk, 267 for Wool, 267 and Silk, 267 Hair Dye, 390
Browning of Steel, 583
Brown Ink, 414 Ointment, 486 Oxidation on Bronze, 139 Shoe Dressing, 632
Brownstone, Imitation, 133
Brown Tints, 559 Varnish, 726
Brunette or Rachelle Powder, 242
Brushes, 140
Bubble (Soap), Liquid, 655
Bubbles, 141 in Gelatine, 370
Buff Terra-Cotta Slip, 166 Wheels, Rouge for, 618
Bug Killers, 420
Building Blocks, Concrete, 691
Bunions, 224
Burning Banana Trick, 103 Brimstone, 611 Sealing Wax, 611
Burns, 486 Carbolic Acid, 147 Mixture for, 142
Burnt Alum, 80 Steel, to Restore, 686
Butter, 142, 354 Artificial, Tests for, 354 Color, 142, 359
Buttermilk, Artificial, 143
Buttons of Artificial Agate, 44 Platine for, 80
C
Cadmium Alloy, about the Hardness of Zinc, 77 Alloys, 61, 64 with Gold, Silver, and Copper, 62 Amalgams, Applications of, 87
Calcium Carbide, 144 Sulphide (Luminous), 494
Camera, Renovating a, 553
Campchello, 117
Camphor for Cholera, 180
Camphorated and Carbolated Powders, 252 Cold Cream, 226 Ice, 145 Pomade, 145 Preparations, 144
Camphorated Substitutes in the Preparation of Celluloid, 157
Canary-Bird Food, 729 Paste, 145
Canary Birds, Their Diseases, 729
Concrete, 689
Candles, 145 Coloring, 145, 146 Fumigating, 365 Transparent, 145
Candy, 216 Colors and Flavors, 218 Orange Drops, 216
Canned Vegetables, 352
Canning, 602 without Sugar, 603
Cantharides and Modern Potato Bug Poison, 94 Pomade, 392
Can Varnish, 720
Canvas Waterproofing, 742
Caoutchouc, 618 Solution for Paints, 719
Capacities of Utensils, 703
Capsule Varnish, 720
Capping Mixtures for Bottles, 126
Caramels, 146, 216
Caramel in Food, 352
12-Carat, 433
4-Carat Gold, 433
18-Carat Gold for Rings, 433
22-Carat Solder, 433
Carats, to Find the Number of, 432
Carbolic Acid, 147
Carbolic-acid Burns, 147 Decolorization of, 147 Disguising Odor of, 147
Carbolic Powder, 263 Soap, 647
Carbolineum, 497
Carbonated Pineapple Champagne, 118
Carbon Ink, 403 Paper, 503 Printing, 531 Process in Photography, 531
Carbuncle Remedies, 121
Cardboard or Leather Glue, 15 Waterproofing, 751
Cards (Playing), to Clean, 209
Care of Refrigerators, 401
Carmelite Balm Water, 519
Carmine, 403 Lake Dye for Wall Paper, 278
Carnation Lake Dye, 277
Carpet Preservation, 399 Soap, 644
Carpets, How to Preserve, 399
Carriage-top Dressing, 448
Carron Oil, 242
Case Hardening, 648
Casein, 34, 148 Albumen, and Glue, 34 Cements, 20 Massage Cream, 233 Paste, 38 Varnish, 34
Cashmere Perfumery, 516
Casket Trimmings, 150
Casks, 149 Watertight, 149
Cassius, Purple of, 383
Cast Brass, 53
Cast-brass Work, Sand Holes in, 150
Castile Soap, to Cut, 644
Casting, 149 Copper, 63 in Wax, 755 Molds, Alloys for, 80 of Soft Metal Castings, 151
Castings, Making in Aluminum, 81
Castings Out of Various Metals, 149 to Soften Iron, 427
Cast-iron Soldering, 666
Castor Oil, 153
Castor-oil Chocolate Lozenges, 154
Castor Oil, How to Take, 154 Tasteless, 153
Casts from Wax Models, 755 (Plaster), Preservation of, 565 Repairing of Broken, 26 Waterproofing, 565
Catatypy, 154
Cat Diseases and Remedies, 732
Caterpillar Destroyers, 423
Catgut, 155 Sutures, Preparation of, 155
Catsup, Adulterated, 353
Cattle Dips and Applications, 264
Caustic Potash Poison, 93, 94
Ceiling Cleaners, 400
Celery Clam Punch, 112 Compound, 155
Cellars, Waterproof, 400
Celloidin Paper, 504
Cells, Solutions and Fillers for Battery, 104
Celluloid, 155 Cements and Glues, 17 Glue for, 12 Lacquer, 439 of Reduced Inflammability, 159 Putty, 161
Cement, 692 Armenian, 20 Asbestos, 30 Cheap and Excellent, 30 Colors, 688 Diamond Glass, 29 for Belts, 31 for Chemical Apparatus, 31 for Cracks in Stoves, 162 for Enameled Dials, 20 for General Use, 31 for Glass, 21, 25, 28 for Iron and Marble, 17 for Ivory, 31 for Leather and Iron, 25 for Metals, 21, 25 for Metal on Hard Rubber, 22 for Pallet Stones, 162 for Pasteboard and Paper, 21 for Patching Boots, 23 for Pipe Joints, 162 for Porcelain Letters, 19 for Sandstones, 17 for Steam and Water Pipes, 161 for Watch-lid, 20 for Waterpipe, 162 Hydraulic, 33
Cementing Celluloid and Hard-rubber Articles, 18
Cement, Jewelers, 20 Mordant for, 479 on Marble Slabs, 16 Paints for, 499 Parisian, 30 Protection of, Against Acid, 9 Rubber for Cloth, 24 to Paint Over Fresh, 499 Transparent for Glass, 29 Strong, 30, 32 Universal, 31 Work, Protection for, 162
Cements, 16, 161 Amber, 26 Aquarium, 31 Casein, 20 Celluloid, 17 for Attaching Letters on Glass, 19 for Fastening Porcelain to Metal, 25
Cements, for Iron, 24 for Leather, 22, 23 for Metals, 24 for Rubber, 22 for Stone, 16 for Tires, 23 for Water-glass, 19 Meerschaum, 30 Sign-letters, 18 Silicate of Oxychloride, 35
Ceramics, 164
Chain of Fire, 612
Chains (Watch), to Clean, 206
Chalk for Tailors, 164
Chamois Skin, to Clean, 186
Champagne, 118 Cider, 181
Chapped Skin, 232
Chappine Cream, 237
Charta Sinapis, 480
Chartreuse, 769
Cheddar Cheese, 176
Cheese, 174 Color, 359 Wrapping, Tin Foil for, 474
Chemical Apparatus, Cement for, 31 Gardens, 368 Reagents, 349
Cherry Balsam, 103 Cordial, 764 Phosphate, 112 Tooth Paste, 257
Chewing Candy, 217 Gums, 178
Cheshire Cheese, 176
Chestnut Brown Dye for Straw Bonnets, 267 Hair Dye, 391
Chicken Bouillon, 112
Chicken-coop Application, 419
Chicken Diseases, 734
Chicory, Tests for, 353
Chilblains, 486
Children, Doses for, 265
Children’s Tooth Powder, 255
China, 173 Pomade, 227 Repairing, 601 Riveting, 179 Silver Alloy, 75 to Toughen, 173
Chinese Tooth Paste, 257
Chlorides, Platt’s, 264
Chloriding Mineral Lubricating Oils, 462
Chlorine-proofing, 9
Chocolate, 179 and Milk, 114 Castor-oil Lozenges, 154 Extracts, 312 Frappé, 114 Hot, 111 Soda Water, 111
Cholera Remedies, 179
Chowchow, 212
Chrome Black Dye for Wool, 267
Chromium Glue, 15
Chromo Making, 180
Cider, 180 Preservative, 181 Vinegar, 735
Cigarettes, Asthma, 101
Cigar Flavoring, 183 Sizes and Colors, 182 Spots, 183
Cigars, 182
Cinnamon Essence, 312 Oil as an Antiseptic, 100 or Brown Dye for Cotton and Silk, 267
Cinchona, 771 Pomade, 392
Citrate of Magnesium, 464
Clam Bouillon, 113
Claret Lemonade, 110 Punch, 110, 112
Clarification of Gelatin and Glue, 370
Clarifying, 184 Muddy Water, 741
Clay, 33, 184
Claying Mixture for Forges, 184
Clean Bronze, 202
Cleaner, Universal, 209
Cleaning Linoleum, 398 Marble, 196 Polished Woodwork, 194 Brass on Clock, 206 Bronze Objects, 205 Clocks, 207 Copper, 200 Copper Sinks, 202 Electro-plate Goods, 205 Funnels and Measures, 204 Gilded Work on Altars, 185 Gilded Articles, 185 Gilded Bronzes, 205 Gilt Bronze Ware, 201 Glass, Paste for, 208 Inferior Gold Articles, 207 Lamp Globes, 209 Marble, Furniture, etc., 197 Methods and Processes, 209 of Copperplate Engravings, 309 of Statuettes and Plaster Objects, 564 of Walls, Ceilings, and Paper, 190, 397 Oil Stains on Wall Paper, 190 Optical Lenses, 208 Paint Brushes, 140 Painted and Varnished Surfaces, 194 Painted Doors, Walls, etc., 190 Pearls, 208 Preparations, 184, 397, 590, 644 Preparation for Glass with Metal Decorations, 208 Pewter Articles, 205 Powder, 194 Skins and Leather, 186 Silver-plated Ware, 200 Terra Cotta, 197 Tracings, 194 Varnish Brushes, 141 Wall Paper, 191 Whitewashed Walls, 190 Window Panes, 208
Cleansing Fluids, 185
Clearing Baths, 535
Cleary’s Asthma Fumigating Powder, 101
Cliché Metal, 52
Clock-bell Repairing, 737
Clock Cleaning, 207
Clock-dial Lettering, 737
Clock Hands, to Reblack, 738
Clockmakers’ Cleaning Processes, 206
Clock Oil, 482 Repairing, 738
Clothes and Fabric Cleaners, 191 Cleaners, 191
Clothes-Cleaning Fluids, 192
Cloth Paper, 504 Strips Attached to Iron, 14 to Iron, Gluing, 37 Waterproofing, 748
Cloths for Polishing, 599
Clouding of Mouth Mirrors, 477
Cloudless Caramel Coloring, 146
Clove Pink Perfumery, 516
Coal Oil, 484
Coals, to Eat Burning, 612
Coating for Bathrooms, 498 for Damp Walls, 499 for Name Plates, 501 Metallic Surfaces with Glass, 377 Tablets with Chocolate, 179
Cobaltizing of Metals, 573
Cobalt, or Fly Powder Poison, 94
Cochineal Insect Remedy, 422
Cocoa Mint, 115 Syrup, 112
Cocoas, 112
Cod Liver Oil and Its Emulsion, 482
Coffee, 353 Cocktail, 114 Cordial, 763 Cream Soda, 113 Essence, 314 Extracts, 313 for the Soda Fountain, 111 Frappé, 114 Hot, 111 Iced, 114 Nogg, 114, 115 Substitutes for, 210 Syrups, 313
Coil Spring, 683 Springs, to Temper, 683
Coin Cleaning, 200 Metal, 62
Coins, Impressions of, 467 Matrix for, 467
Colas, 728
Cold and Cough Mixtures, 211 Chemical Gilding, 577 Cream, 225 Enameling, 721 Soldering, 666 Varnish, 543
Colic in Cattle, 729
Collapsible Tubes, Skin Cream, 239 Tooth Paste for, 257
Collodion, 212
Cologne, 514 for Headaches, 394 Spirits or Deodorized Alcohol, 514
Coloration of Copper and Brass with Cupric Selenite, 568
Colored Alloys for Aluminum, 50 Celluloid, 161 Fireproofing, 344 Fires, 609 Floor Polishes, 591 Gilding, 577 Glass, 165, 371 Gold Alloys, 66 Hygroscopes, 402 Inks, 414 Lacquer, 439 Marking Inks, 407 Rings on Metal, 582 Sand, 628
Coloring Benedine Green, 106 Brass, 473 Ceresine Candles for the Christmas Tree, 145 Common Gold, 431 Copper, 473 Electric-light Bulbs and Globes, 371 Fluid for Brass, 129 Gold Jewelry, 430 Incandescent Lamps, 442 Matter in Fats, 334 Metals, 471, 568 of Brass, 128, 570 of Modeling Plaster, 563 Perfumes, 511 Silver, 640 Soap, 644 “Spirit” Varnishes, 715 Steel, 682 Unpolished Brass, 128
Colorings for Jewelers’ Work, 433
Color Enamel, 721 Photography, 548 Stains, for Wood, 782
Color Stamps for Rough Paper, 411 Testing, 559
Colors, 266 and Sizes of Cigars, 182 for Confectionery, 218 for Paints, 555 for Polished Brass, 127 for Pomade, 228 for Syrups, 702 Fusible Enamel, 306
Combined Alum and Hypo Bath, 535 Toning and Fixing Baths, 542
Comfortable, Washing, 399
Commercial Enameling, 290 Formaldehyde, 362 Mucilage, 43
Common Silver for Chains, 434 Silver Solder, 434
Composition Files, 339 for Cleaning Copper, Nickel, and other Metals, 203 for Linoleum, Oilcloth, etc., 459 for Writing on Glass, 376 of Various Hard Solders, 663
Compositions for Ships’ Bottoms, 498
Compost for Indoor Plants, 337
Compound for Cleaning Brass, 203 Salicylated Collodion Corn Cure, 224 Solution of Thymol, 100
Concentrated Lye Poison, 93
Concrete, 689 Blocks, Properties of, 695 Tamping of, 695
Concrete Block Systems, 694 Building Block, 691 Mixers, 693
Condimental Sauces, 353
Condiments, 212 Tests for Adulterated, 349
Condition Powders, 729 for Cattle, 729
Conductivity of Aluminum Alloys, 48
Confectionery, 216 Colors, 218
Constipation in Birds, 729
Contracted Hoof or Sore Feet in Cattle, 730
Conversion of Metric into English Measure, 760
Cooling Screen, 616
Cooking Vessels, Glazes for, 377
Cook’s Table, 703
Cooper’s Pen Metal, 74
Copal Varnish, 720
Copper, 219 Alloys, 51, 76 Amalgam, 90 Amalgams, Applications of, 87 and Brass Gilding, 577 Platinizing, 586 A Permanent Patina for, 585 Arsenic, 63 Articles, Polish for, 591 Bronzing, 566 Cleaning, 200 Coloring, 221, 473 Enameling, 294 Etching, 324 in Food, 351 Iron, 63 Lacquers, 439 Nickel, 63 Paint for, 495 Paper, 507 Patinizing and Plating, 586 Polishes, 590 Separation of Gold from, 382
Copper-Silver Alloy, 75
Copper, Silver, and Cadmium Alloys, 76 Solder for Plating, 434 Solders, 659 to Bronze, 136 Varnishes, 726
Coppering, 572 Glass, 572 Plaster Models, etc., 573 Zinc Plate, 573
Copying Ink, 415 Printed Pictures, 222 Process on Wood, 222
Cordage, 223 Lubricant, 463 Waterproofing, 753
Cordials, 763
Cork as a Preservative, 606 Cleaner, 210 to Metal, Fastening, 36
Corks, 223 Impermeable and Acid-proof, 10 to Clean, 210 Waterproofing, 742
Corn Plaster, 224 Cures, 224
Corrosive Sublimate Poison, 94
Cosmetic Jelly, 232
Cosmetics, 225
Cottenham Cheese, 176
Cotton, 245 Belts, Lubrication, 462 Degreasing, 246
Cottonseed, Extracting Oil, 482 Hulls as Stock Food, 246 Oil, 482
Compress Cough Balsam with Iceland Moss, 211 Drops, 217 Mixtures and Remedies, 211 for Cattle, 730 Syrup, 211
Counter Polishes, 590
Court Plasters, 247, 563
Cow Diseases—Remedies, 730 Powder, 730
Cow’s Milk, Powder for, 732
Cracked Leather, 448
Cracks in Tools, to Render Visible, 686
Crayons, 374 for Graining and Marbling, 247 for Writing on Glass, 374
Cream, 247 Beef Tea, 112 Bonbons for Hoarseness, 216 Cheese, 176 How to Determine, 474 Soda Powder, 628
Creams for the Face and Skin, 225
Creosote-carbolic Acid Poison, 94
Cresol Emulsion, 248
Crimson Dye for Silk, 271 Indelible Ink, 406
Crystal Cements, 248
Crystalline Coatings or Frostwork on Glass or Paper, 376 Honey Pomade, 227
Crystallization, Ornamental, 368
Crockery, 167 Plaster and Meerschaum Repairing, 27
Crocus, 248
Crude Petroleum, Emulsion of, 521
Crushed Apricot, 365, 604 Cherries, 365, 604 Fruit Preserving, 604 Orange, 365, 604 Peach, 365, 604 Pineapples, 364, 604 Raspberry, 364 Strawberry, 364
Cucumber Creams, 237
Cucumber Essence, 314 Jelly, Juice, and Milk, 228 Juice, 239 Milk, 239 Pomade, 228
Cummins’s Whipped Cream, 248
Curaçoa Cordial, 764 Liqueur, 770
Cure for Barber’s Itch, 486 for Snake Bites, 96 for Tan, 242 for Warts, 736
Currant Cream, 115
Curry Powder, 213
Curtains, Coloring of, 446
Cutlers’ Cements for Fixing Knife Blades into Handles, 16
Cutlery Cements, 16
Cutting, Drilling, Grinding, and Shaping Glass, 371
Cuspidor Powder, 263
Custard Powder, 249
Cyanide of Potassium Poison, 93
Cylinder Oil, 464
Cymbal Metal, 64
Cypress Water, 519
D
Dairy Products, 354
Damaskeening, 249 by Electrolysis, 249 on Enamel Dials, 250
Damp Walls, Coating for, 400, 499
Damson Cheese, 176
Dandruff Cures, 388
Darcet Alloy, 64
Dark-blue Dye, 268
Dark Gold Purple, 383
Dark-Green Blackboard Paint, 489
Dark Red Grease Paint, 229 Snuff-Brown Dye for Wool, 267 Steel Dye, 269
Deadening Paint, 491
Dead-gilding of an Alloy of Copper and Zinc, 579
Dead, or Matt, Dip for Brass, 131
Deadly Nightshade Poison, 94
Decalcomania Processes, 250
Decolorization of Carbolic Acid, 147
Decolorizing and Deodorizing Oils, 484 or Bleaching Linseed Oil, 483
Decomposition of Oils, Fats, 484
Decorating Aluminum, 81
Decorative Metal Varnishes, 726 Wood-finish, 772
Deep Red Grease Paint, 229 Red Raspberry Syrup, 318
Dehorners or Horn Destroyers, 397
Delta Metal, 63
Demon Bowls of Fire, 611
Denaturized Alcohol, 45, 678
Dental Cements, 163 Platinum, 74
Dentrifices, 251
Deodorants for Water-closets, 263
Deodorization of Calcium Carbide, 144
Deodorized Alcohol, 514 Cod Liver Oil, 482 Petroleum, 522
Deodorizing Benzine, 106
Depilatory Cream, 259
Depthings, Verification of, 737
Derbyshire Cheese, 176
Desilvering, 587
Detannating Wine, 765
Detecting Dyed Honey, 396
Detection of Albumen in Urine, 44 of Formaldehyde in Food, 351 in Milk, 474 of Copper in Food, 351 of Cottonseed Oil in Lard, 442 of Glucose in Food, 357 of Saccharine in Food, 351 of Salicylic Acid in Food, 349 of Starch in Food, 357
Detergent for Skin Stains, 235
Detergents, 186
Determination of Artificial Colors in Food, 351 of Preservatives, 349
Determining Cream, 474
Developers for Photographic Purposes, 523
Development of Platinum Prints, 531
Dextrine Pastes, 35
Diabetics, Lemonade for, 109
Dial Cements, 20 Cleaners, 207 Repairing, 737
Diamalt, 475
Diamantine, 432
Diamond Cement, 20 Glass Cement, 29 Tests, 260
Diarrhœa in Birds, 729 Remedies, 179
Die Venting, 261
Digestive Powders, 261 Relish, 213
Diogen Developer, 527
Dip for Brass, 131
Dipping Metals, Danger of, 470
Dips, 469 for Cattle, 264
Direct Coloration of Iron and Steel by Cupric Selenite, 568
Directions for Bronzing, 135 for Making Perfumes, 512 Disinfectants, 264
Disguising Odor of Carbolic Acid, 147
Dish Washing, 399
Disinfectant for Books, 125
Disinfectants, 262 for Sick Room, 264
Disinfecting Coating, 265 Fluids, 262 or Weed-killers, 262 Powders, 262
Dissolving Old Rubber, 622
Distemper in Cattle, 729
Distinguishing Blue from Green, 121
Diuretic Ball, 731
Dog Applications, 419 Biscuit, 265 Soap, 654
Domestic Ointments, 486 Pets, 732
Donarite, 330
Doors, to Clean, 190
Doses for Adults and Children, 265
Dose Table for Veterinary Purposes, 729
Double Extract Perfumery, 518
Drawing Inks, 403 Paper, 504 Temper from Brass, 133
Drawings, Preservation of, 266 to Clean, 206
Draw-tempering Cast Steel, 687
Dressing for Carriage Tops, 448 for Sewing Thread, 706
Dressings for Harness, 451 for Leather, 448 for Linoleum, 459 for the Hair, 389
Dried Casein, its Mfg., 148 Yolk of Egg, 284
Driers, 636
Driffield Oils, 485
Drill Chips, to Utilize, 686
Drilling Hard Steel, 687 Lubricant for, 463 Shaping, and Filing Glass, 372
Drinking Water, Removal of Iron from, 741
Drinks for Summer and Winter, 107 Soda Water, 111
Drops of Lime in the Eye, 333 Table of, 704
Drosses, 151
Dry Bases for Paints, 489 Perfumes, 509 Powder Fire Extinguishers, 341 Rot, Remedies for, 618 Sugar Preserving, 604 Yeast, 786
Drying Oils, 485
Druggists’ Label Paste, 41
Dubbing for Leather, 460
Duesseldorff Mustard, 215
Dunlop Cheese, 176
Durable Bronze on Banners, 137 Putty, 607
Dust-laying, 485
Dust Preventers and Cloths, 401
Dutch (Holland) Cheese, 176 Pink Dye, 278
Dyeing Feathers, 335 Leather, 450 Silk or Cotton Fabrics, 280 Straw Hats, 394
Dyes, 266 and Dyestuffs, 274 Colors, etc., for Textile Goods, 279 for Artificial Flowers, 272 for Feathers, 272 for Food, 359 for Furs, 272 for Hats, 273 for Leather, 450
Dye Stains, Removal from Skin, 184
Dynamite, 329
E
Earthenware, 168
Easily Fusible Alloys, 64
Eastman’s Sepia Paper, 531
Eaton’s Styptic, 701
Eau de Botot Water, 519 de Lais Water, 519 de Merveilleuse Water, 519 de Quinine, 392
Eberle’s Whipped Cream, 248
Ebony, 783 Lacquer, 439 Stains, 782
Eczema Dusting Powder, 282
Edible Oils, 355
Effervescent Bath Tablets, 103 Powders, 627
Eggs, 282, 355
Egg Chocolate, 114 Claret, 115 Coffee, 115 Crême de Menthe, 115 Dyes, 275 Lemonade, 111, 115 Malted Milk Coffee, 114 Oil, 284 Orgeat, 115 Phosphate, 113 Powder, 284 Shampoo, 393 Sherbet, 115 Sour, 115 Wine, 118
Egg-stain Remover, 201
Eikonogen Developer, 524
Ektogan, 98
Elaine Substitute, 286
Elastic Glue, 14 Limpid Gum Varnishes, 720 or Pliable Paste, 39 Substitute for Celluloid, 158
Electrical Conductivity of Aluminum Alloys, 50
Electric Installations, Fusible Alloys for, 64 Insulation, 425 Light Bulbs, Coloring, 371
Electrodeposition Processes, 571
Electro-etching, 324
Electrolysis in Boilers, 123
Electroplating and Electrotyping, 286
Elm Tea, 288
Embalming Fluids, 288
Embroideries, Stamping Powder for, 680
Embroidery, Ink for, 411
Emerald, Imitation, 370
Emery, 289 Grinder, 289 Substitute, 289
Emmenthaler Cheese, 176
Emollient Skin Balm, 234
Emulgen, 290
Emulsifiers, 289
Emulsion, Cresol, 248 of Bromoform, 134
Emulsions of Petroleum, 521
Enamel Colors, 727 for Copper Cooking Vessels, 305 for Vats, 721 How to Remove, 189 Letters Attaching to Glass, 19 Mixing, 302 Removers, 187 Solder, 434 Varnishes, 720
Enameled Dials, Cement for, 20 Iron Recipes, 305
Enameling, 290 Alloys, 67
Enamels, Metallic Glazes on, 173 Unaffected by Hot Water, 721
Engines (Gasoline), Anti-freezing Solution for, 363
English Margarine, 143 Pink Dye, 278 Weights and Measures, 758
Engravers’ Varnishes, 723
Engraving, Matting, and Frosting Glass, 375 on Steel, 687 or Etching on Steel, 687 Spoon Handles, 309
Engravings, their Preservation, 309 to Reduce, 310 to Transfer, 710
Enlargements, 542
Envelope Gum, 43
Epicure’s Sauce, 213
Epizooty, 731
Eradicators, 205
Erasing Powder or Pounce, 189
Essence Bénédictine, 769 of Anchovies, 98 of Cinnamon, 312 of Extract of Soup Herbs, 212 of Savory Spices, 214
Essences and Extracts of Fruits, 310, 312
Etching, 322 Bath for Brass, 324 for Tin, 706 Copper, Brass, and Tombac, 323 Fluids, 322 Fluid for Aluminum, 324
Etching, Fluid, for Brass, 323 to Make Stencils, 323 for Copper, Zinc, and Steel, 324 for Gold, 324 for Lead, Antimony, and Britannica Metal, 324 for Tin or Pewter, 324 for Zinc, 323 Fluids for Copper, 325 for Iron and Steel, 322 for Silver, 324 Glass by Means of Glue, 326 -ground for Copper Engraving, 322 on Copper, 324 on Glass, 325 on Ivory, 327, 428 on Marble, 327 on Steel, 687 Powder for Iron and Steel, 323 for Metals, 324 Steel, Liquids for, 327 with Wax, 326
Eucalyptus Bonbons, 212 Paste, 257
Examination of Foods, 352
Expectorant Mixtures, 212
Explosives, 328, 330
Exposures in Photographing, 528
Extemporaneous Anchovy Sauce, 98
Extract, Ginger-ale, 107 of Meat Containing Albumen, 361 of Milk, 474
Extracting Oil from Cottonseed, 482
Extracts, 312 Coffee, 313
Eye, Foreign Matter in, 333
Eyeglasses, 376
Eye Lotions, 333
F
Fabric Cleaners, 191
Fabrics, Waterproofing of, 742
Façade Paint, 499
Face Black and Face Powder, 230 Bleach or Beautifier, 231 Cream without Grease, 239 Powder, Fatty, 230
Faded Photographs, 544
Fairthorne’s Dental Cement, 163
Falling Hair, 392
Fancy Soda Drinks, 113
Fastening Cork to Metal, 36
Fats, 333, 334, 335 Decomposition of, 484 for Soldering, 659
Fatty Acid Fermentation Process, 334 Face Powders, 230
Feather Bleaching and Coloring, 121, 335 Dyes, 272, 335
Felt Waterproofing, 749
Fermentation, Prevention of, 765 Process, Fatty Acid, 334
Ferro-argentan, 71
Ferro-prussiate Paper, 539
Ferrous-oxalate Developer, 525
Fertilizer with Organic Matter, for Pot Flowers, 337
Fertilizers, 336 Bone, 338
Fever in Cattle, 731
Fig Squares, 216
File Alloys, 64 Metal, 64
Files, 339 Geneva Composition, 64 to Clean, 205, 339 Yogel’s Composition, 64
Filigree Gilding, 576
Fillers for Letters, 457 for Wood, 773
Film-stripping, 553
Filter Paper, 504
Filters for Water, 339
Finger-marks, to Remove, 125
Fingers, Pyrogallic-acid Stains on, 185
Finger-tips, Sparks from, 611
Finishing Enamel for White Furniture, 722
Firearm Lubricants, 460
Firearms, Oil for, 460
Fire, Chain of, 612 Colored, 609 Grenades, Substitutes for, 341 Trick, 611 Extinguishers, 340
Fireproof and Waterproof Paints, 491 Coating, 344 Compositions, 344 Glue, 16 Paints, 490 Papers, 344, 504
Fireproofing, 341, 344 Celluloid, 159 Clothing, 342 for Wood, Straw, Textiles, 343 Light Woven Fabrics, 342 Mosquito Netting, 342 Rope and Straw Matting, 342 Stage Decorations, 342 Tents, 342
Fireworks, 608
Fish Bait, 344
Fishing Net, Preservation of, 223
Fixing and Clearing Baths, 535 Agents in Perfumes, 512 Baths for Paper, 542
Fixatives for Crayon Drawings, etc., 344
Flabby Skin, Wash for, 234
Flashlight Apparatus, 552 Apparatus with Smoke Trap, 552
Flannels, Whitening of, 446
Flavoring Cigars, 183 Extracts, 355 Peppermint as a, 252 Sarsaparilla, 629
Flavorings, 213 for Dentifrice, 255 Spices, 213
Flea Destroyers, 423
Flesh Face Powder, 243
Flexible Ivory, 428
Flies and Paint, 501 in the House, 399
Floor Coating, 500 Dressings, 344 Oils, 485 Paper, 506 Polish, 591 Varnishes, 724 Waterproofing, 753 Wax, 754
Floral Hair Oil, 483 Hair Pomade, 483
Florentine Bronzes, 136
Floricin Brilliantine, 483 Oil, 483
Florida Waters, 514
Flower Preservatives, 345
Flowers, Coloring for, 346
Flour and Starch Compositions, 35 Paste, 39
Fluid Measure, U. S. Standard, 704
Fluid Measures, 758
Fluids, Clothes-cleaning, 192 Disinfecting, 262 for Embalming, 288 for Soldering, 659
Fluorescent Liquids, 347
Fluxes for Soldering, 660 Used in Enameling, 305
Flux for Enameled Iron, 305
Fly Essences, 421
Fly-papers and Fly-poisons, 347
Fly-killers, 421
Fly Protectives for Animals, 419
Foam Preparations, 348
Foamy Scalp Wash, 389
Foreign Matter in the Eye, 333
Food Adulterants, Tests for, 348 Benzoic Acid in, 107 Colorants, 358 Cooked in Copper Vessels, 94
Foods, Bird, 120, 729 for Pets, 733 for Red Birds, 729
Foot Itch, 733
Foot-powders and Solutions, 361
Footsores on Cattle, 730
Formaldehyde, 362 for Disinfecting Books, 263 in Milk, Detection of, 474
Formalin for Grain Smut, 384 Treatment of Seed Grain for Smut, 384
Formol Albumen for Preparation of Celluloid, 156
Formulas for Bronzing Preparations, 135 for Cements for Repairing Porcelain, Glassware, Crockery, Plaster, and Meerschaum, 27 to Drive Ants Away, 420
Foul Brood in Bees, 105
Fowler’s Solution Poison, 93
Foxglove, or Digitalis Poison, 94
Foy’s Whipped Cream, 248
Fragrant Naphthalene Camphor, 14
Frames, Protection from Flies, 363
Frame Cleaning, 185 Polishes, 600
Framing, Passe-partout, 508
Frangipanni Perfumery, 516
Frankfort Black, 561
Freckle Lotions, 240
Freckles and Liver Spots, 241
Freezing Mixtures, 615, 616 Preventives, 363
French Brandy, 768 Bronze, Preparation of, 136 Dentrifice, 256 Floor Polish, 591 Gelatin, 369 Hide Tanning Process, 453 Solders for Silver, 664 Varnish, 724
Fresh Crushed Fruits, 365
Frost Bite, 363 Preventive, 363 Removers, 376
Frosted Glass, 374 Mirrors, 375
Frosting Polished Silver, 640
Fruit Essences and Extracts, 310 Frappé, 116 Jelly Extract, 314 Preserving, 364, 604 Products, 357 Syrups, 701 Vinegar, 735
Fuel, 152
Fuller’s Purifier for Cloths, 274
Fulminates, 332
Fulminating Antimony, 332 Bismuth, 332 Copper, 332 Mercury, 333 Powder, 333 Silver, 640
Fumigants, 365
Fumigating Candles, 365
Funnels, to Clean, 204
Furnace Jacket, 368
Furniture Cleaners, 206 Enamel, 722 Its Decoration, 772 Polishes, 592 Wax, 754
Fuses, 610 for Electrical Circuits, 64
Fusible Alloys for Electric Installations, 64 Enamel Colors, 306 Safety Alloys for Steam Boilers, 65
Fusion Point of Metals, 473
G
Galvanized Iron, 496 Roofing, 397 Paper, 507
Gamboge Stain, 439
Gapes in Poultry, 734
Garancine Process, 277
Gardens, Chemical, 368
Garment-cleaning Soap, 645
Gas Fixtures, 130 Bronzing of, 566
Gasoline Pumps, Packing for, 488
Gas Soldering, 660 Stove, to Clean, 202 Trick, 610
Gear Lubricant, 463
Gelatin, 369 Air Bubbles in, 370
Gems, Artificial, 370
Gem Cements, 20
Geneva Composition Files, 64
Genuine Silver Bronze, 140
German Matches, 467 Method of Preserving Meat, 361 Silver or Argentan, 69
German-silver Solders, 661
German Table Mustard, 215
Gilders’ Sheet Brass, 55 Wax, 755
Gilding, 493 and Gold Plating, 575 German Silver, 578 Glass, 373, 578 in Size, 493 Metals, Powder for, 579 Pastes, 580 Plating and Electrotyping, 288 Renovation of, 185 Steel, 580 Substitute, 575 to Clean, 185 Watch Movements, 738
Gilt Frames, Polish for, 600 Test for, 383 Work, to Burnish, 384
Ginger, 112
Ginger-Ale Extract, 107
Ginger Ale, Flavoring for, 108 Soluble Extract, 108 Beer, 107, 108 Extracts, 314
Gold-leaf Alloys, 67 Striping, 383
Gold Varnish for Tin, 727
Glass, 371 Acid-proof, 374
Glass and Porcelain Cement, 28 and Glassware Cement, 25 Balls, Amalgam for, 90 Silvering, 587 Celluloid, and Metal Inks, 403 Cement for, 21 Cleaning, 208 Coppering, Gilding, and Plating, 572 Etching, 325 Fastening Metals on, 25 Gilding, 373, 578 Globe, Silvering, 641 How to Affix Sign-letters on, 18 Lettering, 457 Lubricants, 372 Manufacturing, 373 Polishes for, 593 Porcelain Repairing, 26 Refractory to Heat, 373 Stop Cock Lubricant, 462 Stopper, to Loosen, 700 Silvering of, 476 Solders for, 662 Soluble, as a Cement, 28 to Affix Paper on, 19 to Cut, 371 to Fasten Brass Upon, 17 to Fix Gold Letters to, 18 to Remove Glue from, 208 to Silver, 641 Waterproof Cements for, 21
Globes, How to Color, 371 Silvering, 476
Glossy Paint for Bicycles, 495
Gloucester Cheese, 176
Glove Cleaners, 195
Gloves, Substitute for Rubber, 100 Testing, 622
Glaziers’ Putty, 607
Glazing on Size Colors, 377
Glaze for Bricks, 377
Glazes, 377 and Pottery Bodies, 167 for Cooking Vessels, 377 for Laundry, 444
Glucose in Jelly, 357
Glue, Box, 15 Chromium for Wood, Paper and Cloth, 15 Clarifier, 370 Elastic, 14 Fireproof, 16 for Articles of a Metallic or Mineral Character, 15 for Attaching Cloth Strips to Iron, 14 for Attaching Gloss to Precious Metals, 14 for Belts, 15 for Cardboard, 15 for Celluloid, 12 for Glass, 15 for Leather or Cardboard, 15 for Paper and Metal, 14 for Tablets, 13 for Uniting Metals with Fabrics, 15 for Wood, 15 Manufacture, 10 Marine, 13 or Paste for Making Paper Boxes, 15 Prevented from Cracking, 10 Test, 10 to Fasten Linoleum on Iron Stairs, 14 to Form Paper Pads, 12
Glues, 10, 34, 378 Liquid, 11 Waterproof, 13
Glycerine, 378 and Cucumber Jelly, 228 Applications, 228, 236, 237, 239 as a Detergent, 186 Creams, 237 Developer, 530 Lotion, 379 Milk, 239 Process, 531 Soap, 646, 652
Goats’ Milk Cheese, 178
Gold, 379 Acid Test for, 432 Alloys, 66, 435 Amalgams, 89 and Silver Bronze Powders, 139 Assaying of, 381 Enameling Alloys, 67 Enamel Paints, 493 Etching Fluid for, 324 Extraction of, by Amalgamation, 89 Foil Substitutes and Gold Leaf, 747 from Acid Coloring Baths, 381 Imitations of, 433 Indelible Ink, 406 Ink, 405, 415 Jewelry, to Give a Green Color to, 582 Lacquers, 440 Leaf and its Applications, 492
Gold-leaf Alloys, 67
Gold-leaf Waste, to Recover, 381
Gold Lettering, 456 Letters on Glass, Cements for Affixing, 18 Oil Suitable for Use, 485 Paints, 492
Gold-plate Alloys, 67
Gold Plating, 575 Printing on Oilcloth, 379 Purple, 383 Recovery of Waste, 381 Reduction of Old Photographic, 535 Renovator, 199 Solders, 434, 661 Testing, 432 Varnish, 726, 727 Ware Cleaner, 200 Welding, 381
Goldenade, 114
Golden Fizz, 115 Varnishes, 724
“Golf Goblet,” 114
Gong Metal, 64
Grafting Wax, 755
Grain, 384
Graining and Marbling, 247 Colors, 556 Crayons, 247 of Brass, 130 with Paint, 494
Granola, 110
Grape Glacé, 114 Juice, Preservation of, 767
Graphite Lubricating Compound, 463
Gravel Walks, 385
Gravers, 385
Gray Dyes, 269 Tints, 559
Grease Eradicators, 205 for Locomotive Axles, 462
Greaseless Face Cream, 239
Grease Paints, 228
Greases, 462 Wagon and Axle, 462
Green Bronze on Iron, 138 Coloring for Antiseptic Solutions, 100 Dyes, 269
Green Dye for Cotton, 269 for Silk, 269 for Wool and Silk, 269 Fustic Dye, 269 Gilding, 578 Ginger Extract, 315 Ink, 415 or Gold Color for Brass, 582 or Sage Cheese, 176 Patina Upon Copper, 585 Salve, 486 to Distinguish Blue from, 121
Grenades, 341
Grinder Disk Cement, Substitute for, 31
Grinding, 708 Glass, 372
Grindstone Oil, 386
Grindstones, 386
Ground Ceramics, Laying Oil for, 485 for Relief Etching, 322
Grounds for Graining Colors, 556
Grosser’s Washing Brick, 445
Gruyère Cheese, 176
Gum Arabic, Substitute, 43, 386 Bichromate Process, 546 Drops, 216 for Envelopes, 43
Gums, 386 their Solubility in Alcohol, 386 Used in Making Varnish, 715
Gun Barrels, to Blue, 682 Bronze, 59 Cotton, 331 Lubricants, 460
Gunpowder, 328 Stains, 387
Gutta-percha, 387
Gutter Cement, 162
Gypsum, 387 Flowers, 346 Paint for, 293
H
Haenkel’s Bleaching Solution, 445
Hair-curling Liquids, 389
Hair Dressings and Washes, 389 Dyes, 390 Embrocation, 389 for Mounting, 388 Oil, 390 Oils, Perfumes for, 520 Preparations, 388 Removers, 259 Restorers and Tonics, 389, 391 Shampoo, 392
Hammer, to Harden, 684
Hand Bleach, 233 Creams and Lotions, 232
Hand-cleaning Paste, 232
Handkerchief Perfumes, 516
Hand Stamps, Ink for, 411
Hands, Remove Stains from, 184, 185 Perspiring, 233
Hard-finished Walls, 499
Hard German-silver or Steel Solder, 661 Glaze Bricks, 164 Lead, 71 Metal Drilling Lubricant, 463 Putty, 607 Solders, 662, 664 Solder for Gold, 661 Wood Polish, 598
Hardened Ivory, 429 Steel, to Solder, 665
Hardening Plaster of Paris, 564 of Springs, 685 Steel without Scaling, 685 Steel Wire, 684
Hare-lip Operation, 99
Harmless Butter Color, 143 Colors for Use in Syrups, 321
Harness Dressings, 450 Grease, 451 Oils, 451 Preparations, 450 Pastes, 451 Wax, 755
Hartshorn Poison, 93
Hat-cleaning Compounds, 187
Hat Waterproofing, 748
Hats, 394 to Dye, 273
Headache Cologne, 394 Remedies, 394
Head Lice in Children, 422
Heat-indicating Paint, 501
Heat Insulation, 426 Prickly, 398
Heat-resistant Lacquers, 441
Heaves, 731
Hectograph Pads and Inks, 395, 416
Hedge Mustard, 394
Heel Polish, 632
Hellebore Poison, 94
Helvetius’s Styptic, 701
Hemlock Poison, 94
Hemorrhoids, 561
Henbane Poison, 94
Herbarium Specimens, Mounting, 394 Pomade, 227
Herb Vinegar, 735
Hide Bound, 731
Hide-cleaning Processes, 186
Hides, 454
Hoarfrost Glass, 375
Hoarseness, Bonbons for, 216 Remedy for, 211
Holland Cheese, 176
Hollow Concrete Blocks, 691 Silverware, 640
Home-made Outfit for Grinding Glass, 372 Refrigerators, 616
Honey, 396 Clarifier, 396 Water, 519 Wine, 468
Honeysuckle Perfumery, 516
Honing, 761
Hoof Sores, 730
Hop Beer, 108 Bitter Beer, 118 Syrup, 315
Horehound Candy, 217
Horn, 396 Bleaches, 430 Uniting Glass with, 17
Horns, Staining, 397
Horse Blistering, 729
Horse-colic Remedy, 729
Horse Embrocations and Liniments, 731
Horses and Cattle, 729 Treatment of Diseases, 729
Horticultural Ink, 405
Hosiery, Dye for, 268
Hostetter’s Bitters, 762
Hot Beef Tea, 112 Bouillon, 113 Celery Punch, 112 Chocolate and Milk, 111 Egg Bouillon, 112 Chocolate, 111, 113 Coffee, 113 Drinks, 113 Lemonade, 113 Milk, 113 Nogg, 113 Orangeade, 111 Phosphate, 113 Lemonades, 110, 111 Malt, 112
Hot Malted Milk Coffee (or Chocolate), 112 Orange Phosphate, 112 Soda Toddy, 112 Soda-water Drinks, 111 Tea, 113
Household Ammonia, 91 Formulas, 397
House Paint, 500
How to Bronze Metals, 136 to Clean a Panama Hat, 187 Brass and Steel, 202 Tarnished Silver, 204 to Color Aluminum, 80 to Keep Cigars, 187 Fruit, 364 Lamp Burners in Order, 399 to Lay Galvanized Roofing, 397 to Make Castings of Insects, 151 a Cellar Waterproof, 400 a Plaster Cast of a Coin or Medal, 150 Picture Postal Cards and Photographic Letter Head, 537 Simple Syrups; Hot Process, 702 to Open a Book, 125 to Paste Labels on Tin, 40 to Pour Out Castor Oil, 153 to Renovate Bronzes, 201 to Reproduce Old Prints, 223 to Sensitize Photographic Printing Papers, 539 to Take Care of Paint Brushes, 140 Castor Oil, 154 to Tell Pottery, 173 to Unite Rubber and Leather, 22 to Tell the Character of Enamel, 304
Huebner’s Dental Cement, 163
Hunyadi Water, 740
Huyler’s Lemonade, 110
Hydraulic Cement, 33
Hydrochinon Developer, 525
Hydrocyanic Acid Gas for Exterminating Household Insects, 418
Hydrofluoric Formulas, 326
Hydrographic Paper, 504
Hydrogen Peroxide as a Preservative, 605
Hygrometer and Its Use, 401
Hydrometers and Hygroscopes, 402
Hyoscyamus, Antidote to, 102
I
Ice, 402 Flowers, 402
Iced Coffee, 114
Iceland Moss, Cough Mixture, 211
Ideal Cosmetic Powder, 243
Igniting Composition, 403
Imitation Black Marble, 699 Cider, 182 Diamonds, 432 Egg Shampoos, 393 Gold, 67, 433 Foils, 474 Japanese Bronze, 138 of Antique Silver, 640 Ivory, 429 Platinum, 74 Silver Alloys, 77 Bronze, 140 Foil, 474 Stains for Wood, 784
Imogen Developer, 527
Impervious Corks, 223
Impregnation of Papers with Zapon Varnish, 506
Improved Celluloid, 156
Incandescent Lamps, 442
Incense, 366
Incombustible Bronze Tincture, 135, 137
Increasing the Toughness, Density and Tenacity of Aluminum, 83
Incrustation, Prevention of, 122
Indelible Hand-stamp Ink, 411 Inks, 405 for Glass or Metal, 404 Labels on Bottles, 327 Stencil Inks, 412
India, China or Japan Ink, 406
India-rubber Varnishes, 724
Indigo, 268, 281
Indoor Plants, Compost for, 337
Industrial and Potable Alcohol: Sources and Mfg., 667
Infant Foods, 359
Infants, Milk for, 475
Inflammable Explosive with Chlorate of Potash, 331
Inflammability of Celluloid Reduced, 159
Inflammation of the Udder, 731
Influenza in Cattle, 731 in Horses, 731
Ink Eradicators, 189 Erasers, 189 for Laundry, 446 for Leather Finishers, 453 for Steel Tools, 404 for Writing on Glass, 325, 376 on Glazed Cardboard, 404 on Marble, 404 Powders and Lozenges, 407 Stains, Removing, 189
Inks, 403 for Hand Stamps, 411 for Shading Pen, 416 for Stamp Pads, 410 for Typewriters, 711 Hectograph, 395
Inlay Varnish, 724
Inlaying by Electrolysis, 324
Insect Bites, 417 Casting, 151 Powders, 419, 424 Trap, 425
Insecticides, 418 for Animals, 419 for Plants, 422
Instructions for Etching, 322
Instrument Alloys, 71 Cleaning, 199 Lacquer, 440 Soap, 653
Instruments, to Remove Rust, 199
Insulating Varnishes, 425
Insulation, 425 Against Heat, 426 Moisture, Weather, etc., 426
Intensifiers and Reducers, 552
International Atomic Weights, 757
Iodine Poison, 94 Soap, 646 Solvent, 427
Iodoform Deodorizer, 427
Iridescent Paper, 504
Iridia Perfumery, 516
Iron, 427 and Marble, Cement for, 17 and Steel, Etching Fluids for, 322 Polishes, 597 Powder for Hardening, 427 Biting Off Red Hot, 612 Black Paint for, 495
Iron, Bronzing, 567 Castings, to Soften, 427 Cements for, 17, 25 How to Attach Rubber to, 22 Pipes, Rust Prevention for, 625 Silver-plating, 587 Solders, 665 to Cement Glass to, 17 to Clean, 204 to Cloth, Gluing, 14 to Color Blue, 427 to Whiten, 427 Varnishes, 727
Ironing Wax, 444
Irritating Plaster, 486
Itch, Barbers’, 486
Ivory, 428 and Bone Bleaches, 430 Black, 123 Cement, 31 Coating for Wood, 500 Etching on, 428 Gilding, 579 Polishes, 593 Tests, 430
J
Jaborandi Scalp Waters, 392
Jackson’s Mouth Wash, 259
Jandrier’s Test for Cotton, 246
Japan Black, 495 Paint, 495
Japanese Alloys, 69 Bronze, 138 (Gray), Silver, 76
Japanning and Japan Tinning, 724
Jasmine Milk, 240
Jelly (Fruit) Extract, 314
Jet Jewelry, to Clean, 431
Jewelers’ Alloys, 433 Cements, 20 Cleaning Processes, 206 Enamels, 308 Formulas, 430 Glue Cement, 20
Jewelry, to Clean, 206
K
Kalsomine, 436
Karats, to Find Number of, 432
Keeping Flies Out of a House, 399
Keramics, 164
Kerit, 619
Kerosene-cleaning Compounds, 193
Kerosene Deodorizer, 484 Emulsions, 521
Ketchup (Adulterated), 353
Khaki Color Dyeing, 276
Kid, 449 Leather Dressings, 449 Reviver, 453
Kirschner Wine Mustard, 214
Kissingen Salts, 628
Knife-blade Cement, 16
Knife-sharpening Pastes, 615
Knockenplombe, 31
Kola Cordial, 764 Tincture, 321
Koumiss, 116 Substitute, 437
Krems Mustard, Sour, 215
Krems Mustard, Sweet, 215
Kümmel, 764
Kwass, 117
L
Label Pastes, 39 Varnishes, 725
Labels on Tin, How to Paste, 40
Lac and the Art of Lacquering, 437
Lace Leather, 454 to Clean Gold and Silver, 193
Laces, Washing and Coloring of, 446
Lacquer for Aluminum, 438 for Brass, 438 for Bronze, 438 for Copper, 439 for Oil Paintings, 440 for Microscopes, etc., 440 for Stoves and other Articles, 441
Lacquered Ware, to Clean, 195
Lacquers, 437 for Papers, 441
Lakes, 277
Lampblack, 441
Lamp Burners, to Clean, 200, 399
Lamps, 442
Lanoline Creams, 238 Hair Wash, 389 Soap, 647 Toilet Milk, 239
Lantern Slides, 532
Lard, 442
Lathe Lubricant, 461
Laudanum Poison, 95
Laundry Blue, 443 Tablets, 444 Gloss Dressing, 444 Inks, 399 Preparations, 443 Soap, 654
Laundrying Laces, 446
Laurel Water, Poison, 93
Lavatory Deodorant, 398
Lavender Sachets, 510 Water, 514
Lawn Sand, 629
Laxatives for Cattle, etc., 732
Lead, 48, 446 Alloys, 48, 71 Amalgams, Application of, 88 Paper, 507 Plate, Tinned, 589 Poison, 95 to Take Boiling, in the Mouth, 612
Leaf Brass, 54
Leaks, 446 in Boilers, Stopping, 608
Leather, 447 and Rubber Cements, 22 as an Insulator, 426 Cements for, 23
Leather-cleaning Processes, 186
Leather Dyeing, 450 Lac, 441 Lubricants, 460 or Cardboard Glue, 15 Painting on, 455 Polish Lac, 441 Removing Spots from, 206 Russian, 454 Varnish, 725 Waste Insulation, 426 Waterproofing, 750
Leguminous Cheese, 176
Lemon Beer, 108 Essences, 315 Extract (Adulterated), 356 Juice, Plain, 112 Sherbet, 628 Sour, 116
Lemons, 456
Lemonade, 109, 112 for Diabetics, 109 Powder, 627 Preparations for the Sick, 109
Lemonades and Sour Drinks, 110
Lenses and their Care, 456
Letter-head Sensitizers, 537
Lettering, 456 a Clock Dial, 737 on Glass, 457 on Mirrors, 457
Ley Pewter, 75
Lice Killers, 422 Powders, 734
Lichen Removers, 4
Licorice, 458 Syrup, 321
Liebermann’s Bleaching Test, 246
Light, Inactinic, 154
Lilac Dye for Silk, 270 Water Perfumery, 520
Limburger Cheese, 176
Lime, 33, 692
Limeade, 110
Lime as a Fertilizer, 339 Bird, 458 Juice, 112, 316
Lime-juice Cordial, 118
Limewater for Dyers’ Use, 274
Lincoln Cheese, 176
Lincolnshire Relish, 213
Linen Bleaching, 120 Dressing, 444 to Distinguish Cotton from, 246
Linoleum, 459 Cleaning and Polishing, 206, 398 Glue to Fasten, 14
Liniments, 459 for Horses, 731
Lining for Acid Receptacles, 10
Linseed Oil, 34, 459 Adulteration of, 460 Bleaching of, 459 for Varnish Making, 483 or Poppy Oil, 484 Refining, 484 Solid, 483
Lipol, 226
Lipowitz Metal, 61, 65
Lip, Pomades, 226 Salves and Lipol, 226
Liqueurs, 768 to Clarify, 770
Liquid Bedbug Preparations, 421 Bottle Lac, 440 Bronzes, 135 Cloth and Glove Cleaner, 195 Court Plaster, 247 Dentifrices, 256 Dye Colors, 273 for Bronze Powder, 567 for Cooling Automobile Engines, 363
Liquids for Etching Steel, 327
Liquid Gold, 380 Glues, 11 Headache Remedies, 394 Indelible Drawing Ink, 403 Laundry Blue, 444 Metal Polish, Non-explosive, 595 Perfumes, 511, 515 Polishes, 594 Porcelain Cement, 28 Rouge, 230 Shampoos, 393 Shoe Blackings, 633 Soaps, 646 Styrax Soap, 647 Tar Soap, 647, 654
Liquor Ammonii Anisatus, 91
Liquors, 762
Lithia Water, 740
Lithographic Inks, 407 Lacquer, 440 Paper, 505
Liver-spot Remedies, 241, 242
Lobelia-Indian Poke Poison, 95
Locomotive Axles, Grease for, 462 Lubricants, 462
Locust Killer, 422
Logwood and Indigo Blue Dye, 268
London Soap Powder, 650
Lotion for the Hands, 232
Louse Wash, 423
Lozenges, Voice and Throat, 219
Lubricants, 460, 462 for Cutting Tools, 461 for Heavy Bearings, 461 for Highspeed Bearings, 461 for Lathe Centers, 461 for Redrawing Shells, 463 for Watchmakers, 738
Luhn’s Washing Extract, 445
Luminous Paints, 494
Lunar Blend, 114
Lustrous Oxide on Silver, 641
Luster Paste, 464
Lutes, 32
M
Machine Bronze, 58 Oil, 460
Machinery, to Clean, 200, 201, 203 to Keep it Bright, 624
Macht’s Yellow Metal, 63
Madder Lake Dye, 277
Magic, 610 Bottles, 126 Mirrors, 478
Magnesian Lemonade Powder, 627 Orgeat Powder, 627
Magnesium, 49 Citrate, 464 Flash-light Powders, 552
Magnetic Alloys, 71 Curves of Iron Filings, their Fixation, 464 Oxide, 625
Magnolia Metal, 51
Mahogany, 784
Make Extract of Indigo Blue Dye, 268
Making Castings in Aluminum, 81
Malleable Brass, 54
Malt, Hot, 112
Malted Food, 359 Milk, 112, 474
Manganese Alloys, 72 Amalgams, Applications of, 87 Argentan, 70 Copper, 72
Manganin, 72
Mange Cures, 731
Manicure Preparations, 226
Mannheim Gold or Similor, 68
Mantles, 465
Manufacture of Alcohol, 674 of Cheese, 174 of Chewing Gum, 178 of Compounds Imitating Ivory, Shell, etc., 429 of Composite Paraffine Candles, 145 of Glue, 10 of Matches, 465 of Pigments, 555
Manufacturing Varnish Hints, 715
Manures, 337
Manuscript Copying, 223
Maple, 784
Maraschino Liqueur, 770
Marble, Artificial, 699 Cements, 16 Cleaning, 196 Colors, 699 Etching, 327 Painting on, 488
Marble, Polishing, 593 Slabs, Cement for, 16
Marbling Crayons, 247 Paper for Books, 505
Margerine, 143
Marine Glue, 13 Paint to Resist Sea Water, 498
Marking Fluid, 465 or Labeling Inks, 407
Maroon Dye for Woolens, 280 Lake Dye, 277
Massage Application, 233 Balls, 233 Creams, 233 Skin Foods, 233 Soaps, 647
Mastic Lac, 441
Mat Aluminum, 81 Gilding, 579
Mats for Metals, 470
Matches, 465
Match Marks on Paint, 195 Phosphorus, Substitute for, 523
Materials, 172 for Concrete Building Blocks, 691
Matrix for Medals, Coins, etc., 467
Matt Etching of Copper, 323
Matzoon, 468
May Bowl or May Wine, 770
Mead, 468
Meadow Saffron Poison, 95
Measures, 760 to Clean, 204
Measuring the Weight of Ice, 402
Meat Extract Containing Albumen, 361 Preservatives, 359, 360 Products (Adulterated), 357
Medallion Metal, 62
Medal Impressions, 467
Medals, to Clean, 199
Medical Paste, 37
Medicated Cough Drops, 217 Massage Balls, 233 Soaps, 647
Medicinal Wines, 771
Medicine Doses, 265
Meerschaum, 469 Cements, 30 Repairing, 27
Mending Celluloid, 161 Porcelain by Riveting, 601
Menthol Cough Drops, 217 Tooth Powder, 253
Mercury, Poison, 95 Salves, 487 Stains, to Remove, 186
Metacarbol Developer, 527
Metal and Paper Glue, 14 Browning by Oxidation, 583 Cements, 25 Cleaning, 199 Foil, 474 Glass and Porcelain Cement, 25 Inlaying, 249 Lipowitz, 65 Polishes, 595 Protectives, 624 Temperature of, 152 Type, 78 Varnishes, 725, 727 Waterproof Cements for, 21
Metallic Articles, Soldering of, 656 Cement, 163 Coffins, 71 Glazes on Enamels, 173 Luster on Pottery, 173 Stain, 783 Paper, 507 Soaps, 648
Metals and Their Treatment, 469 Brightening and Deadening, by Dipping, 469 Bronzing, 567 Cements for, 21, 24 Coloring, 471 Etching Powder for, 324 Fusion Point of, 473 How to Attach to Rubber, 22 How to Bronze, 136 Securing Wood to, 37 Solution for Cleaning, 200 to Silver-plate, 588
Metric System of Weights and Measures, 759 Weights, 759
Meth, 468
Metheglin, 468
Method of Hardening Gypsum and Rendering it Weatherproof, 387 of Purifying Glue, 378
Methods of Preparing Rubber Plasters, 562
Methyl Salicylate, to Distinguish from Oil of Wintergreen, 771
Metol and Hydrochinon Developer, 525
Metol-bicarbonate Developer, 525
Metol Developer, 524, 525
Mice Poison, 613
Microphotographs, 550
Milk, 354, 474
Milk as a Substitute for Celluloid, Bone, and Ivory, 148 Cucumber, 239 Extracts, 474 Powder for Cows, 732 Substitute, 475 to Preserve, 475, 606
Minargent, 64
Mineral Acids, Poison, 92 Oil, 484 Waters, 739
Minofor Metal, 64
Mint Cordial, 765 Julep, 114
Mirror Alloys, 72
Mirror-lettering, 457
Mirror Polishes, 593 Silvering, 476
Mirrors, 476 Frosted, 375 to Clean, 209 to Prevent Dimming of, 374
Miscellaneous Tin Alloys, 78
Mite Killer, 422
Mixed Birdseed, 120, 729
Mixers, Concrete, 693
Mixing Castor Oil with Mineral Oils, 484
Mixture for Burns, 142
Mocking-bird Food, 120, 729
Mock Turtle Extract, 212
Modeling Wax, 755
Modification of Milk for Infants, 473
Moisture, 426
Molding Sand, 478
Molds, 152 of Plaster, 564
Moles, 479
Montpelier Cough Drops, 217
Mordant for Cement Surfaces, 479 for Gold Size, 479
Morphine Poison, 95
Mortar, Asbestos, 479
Mosaic Gold, 68, 140 Silver, 140, 588
Mosquitoes, Remedies, 425
Moss Removers, 209
Moth Exterminators, 425 Paper, 507
Moths and Caterpillars, 423
Motors, Anti-freezing Solution for, 363
Mottled Soap, 654
Mountants, 479, 544
Mounting Drawings, etc., 479 Prints on Glass, 480
Mousset’s Alloy, 76
Moutarde aux Epices, 215 des Jesuittes, 214
Mouth Antiseptics, 99 Washes, 258 Wash-tablets, 259
Moving Objects, How to Photograph Them, 548
Mucilage, 42 Commercial, 43 Creams, 238 of Acacia, 43 to Make Wood and Pasteboard Adhere to Metals, 43
Mulberry Dye for Silk, 272
Muriatic Acid Poison, 92
Mushroom Poison, 96
Music Boxes, 480
Muslin, Painting on, 488
Mustache Fixing Fluid, 480
Mustard, 214 Cakes, 214 Paper, 480 Vinegar, 215
Myrrh Mouth Wash, 258 Tooth Paste, 257
N
Nadjy, 115
Nail-cleaning Washes, 227
Nail, Ingrowing, 481 Polishes, 226 Varnish, 227
Name Plates, Coating for, 501
Natural Glue for Cementing Porcelain, Crystal Glass, etc., 15 Lemon Juice, 316 Water, 739
Nature, Source and Manufacture of Pigments, 555
Neatsfoot Oil, 481
Needles, Anti-rust Paper for, 625
Negatives, How to Use Spoiled, 534
Nervine Ointment, 487
Nerve Paste, 481
Nets, 223
Neufchâtel Cheese, 177
Neutral Tooth Powder, 255
New Celluloid, 155 Mordant for Aniline Colors, 273 Production of Indigo, 281
Nickel Alloys, 76 Bronze, 70
Nickel-plating, 573 with the Battery, 573
Nickel-testing, 481
Nickel, to Clean, 200 to Remove Rust from, 199
Nickeled Surface, 589
Nickeling by Oxidation, 587 Test for, 589
Niello, 683
Nitrate of Silver Poison, 95 Spots, 198
Nitric Acid Poison, 92 Stains to Remove, 185
Nitroglycerine, 329
Non-explosive Liquid Metal Polish, 595
Non-masticating Insects, 423
Non-Poisonous Textile and Egg Dyes for Household Use, 275 Fly-papers, 347
Non-porous Corks, 224
Norfolk Cheese, 177
Normona, 115
Nose Putty, 230
Notes for Potters, Glass-, and Brick-makers, 164
Noyeau Powder, 628
Nut Candy Sticks, 216
Nutmeg Essence, 316
Nutwood Stain, 783
Nux Vomica Poison, 615
O
Oak, 775, 783 Graining, 494 Leather, Stains for, 455 Stain, 783 Wood Polish, 598
Odorless Disinfectants, 264
Odonter, 259
Œnanthic Ether as a Flavoring for Ginger Ale, 108
Oil, Carron, 242 Castor, 153 Clock, 482
Oilcloth, 459 Adhesives, 36
Oil Extinguisher, 341 for Firearms, 460 Grease-, Paint-spot Eradicators, 205 How to Pour Out, 153 Lubricating, 460 Neatsfoot, 481 of Cinnamon as an Antiseptic, 100 of Vitriol Poison, 92 Paintings, Lacquer for, 440 Protection for, 488 Prints, Reproduced, 223 Removers, 205 Solidified, 461 Stains for Hard Floors, 344 Suitable for Use with Gold, 485
Oils, 482 (Edible), Tests for, 355 for Harness, 451 Purification of, 335
Oilskins, 750
Oily Bottles, to Clean, 210
Ointments, 486 for Veterinary Purposes, 731
Oleaginous Stamping Colors, 679
Olein Soap, 654
Oleomargarine, 142
Old-fashioned Ginger Beer, 107 Lemonade, 110
Olive-oil Paste, 143
Onyx Cements, 16
Opium and All Its Compounds, Poison, 95
Optical Lenses, Cleaning, 208
Orangeade, 110
Orange Bitters and Cordial, 762, 764 Drops, 216 Dye, 271 Extract, 316 Flower Water, 520 Frappé, 110 Peel, Soluble Extract, 316 Phosphate, 112
Ordinary Drab Dye, 281 Green Glass for Dispensing Bottles, 373 Negative Varnish, 544
Oreïde (French Gold), 68
Orgeat Punch, 110
Ornamental Designs on Silver, 641
Ornaments of Iron, Blackening, 495
Orris and Rose Mouth Wash, 258
Ortol Developer, 527
Ox-gall Soap for Cleansing Silk, 654
Oxide, Magnetic, 625 of Chrome, 172 of Tin, 172 of Zinc Poison, 97
Oxidized Steel, 584
Oxidizing, 139 Processes, 581
Ozonatine, 44
P
Package Pop, 107 Wax, 755
Packing for Gasoline Pumps, 488 for Stuffing Boxes, 488
Packings, 488
Pads of Paper, 488, 502
Pain-subduing Ointment, 487
Paint, Acid-resisting, 10 Bases, 489 Brushes, 490 at Rest, 141 Cleaning, 140 Deadening, 491 Dryers, 492 for Bathtubs, 501 for Blackboards, 489 for Copper, 495 for Iron, 496 for Protecting Cement Against Acid, 9 Grease, 229 Peeling of, 501 Removed from Clothes, 192 Removers, 187 to Prevent Crawling of, 490 Varnish, and Enamel Removers, 187
Painters’ Putty, 607
Painting on Leather, 455 on Marble, 488 on Muslin, 488 Ornaments or Letters on Cloth and Paper, 488 Over Fresh Cement, 499 Processes, 488
Paintings, 488 to Clean, 195
Paints, 489 Dry Base for, 489 for Gold and Gilding, 492 for Metal Surfaces, 495 for Roofs and Roof Paper, 497 for Walls of Cement, Plaster, Hard Finish, etc., 498 for Wood, 500 Stains, etc., for Ships, 498 Waterproof and Weatherproof, 499
Pale Purple Gold, 383
Pale-yellow Soap, 652
Palladium Alloys, 73 Bearing Metal, 73 Gold, 69 Silver Alloy, 73
Palladiumizing, 583
Palms, their Care, 502
Panama Hat, How to Clean, 187
Paper, 502 and Metal Glue, 14 (Anti-rust) for Needles, 625 as Protection for Iron, 625 Blotting, 503 Box Glue, 15 Celloidin, 504 Cements, 21 Disinfectant, 263 Fireproof, 344 Floor Covering, 506 Frosted, 374
Paperhangers’ Pastes, 39
Paper Hygrometers, 402 Making, Blue Print, 536 on Glass, to Affix, 19 Pads, 502
Paper Pads, Glue for, 12 Photographic, 527 -sensitizing Processes, 536 Tickets Fastening to Glass, 19 Varnishes, 725 Waterproofing, 505, 751
Papers, Igniting, 611
Papier-mâché, 502
Paraffine, 507 Scented Cakes, 508
Paraffining of Floors, 345
Parchment and Paper, 502 Cement, 21 Paste, 37
Paris Green, 561 Red, 600 Salts, 264
Parisian Cement, 30
Parmesan Cheese, 177
Parquet Floors, Renovating, 345 Polishes, 591
Passe-partout Framing, 508
Paste, Agar-agar, 37 Albumen, 37 Antiseptic, 99 Balkan, 38
Pasteboard Cement, 21 Deodorizers, 399
Paste, Elastic or Pliable, 39 for Affixing Cloth to Metal, 37 for Cleaning Glass, 208 for Fastening Leather to Desk Tops, etc., 36 for Making Paper Boxes, 15 for Paper, 37 for Parchment Paper, 37 for Removing Old Paint or Varnish Coats, 188 for Tissue Paper, 37 for Wall Paper, 39 Flour, 39 Ink to Write with Water, 416 Permanent, 38 that will not Mold, 37 Venetian, 39
Pastes, 35 for Paperhangers, 39 for Polishing Metals, 595 for Silvering, 588 to Affix Labels to Tin, 39
Pastilles, Fumigating, 367
Pasting Celluloid on Wood, 36 Paper Signs on Metal, 36 Wood and Cardboard on Metal, 37
Pattern Letters and Figures, Alloys for, 80
Paving Brick, Stain for, 166
Patent Leather, 451 Leather Dressings, 449 Polish, 633 Preserver, 453 Stains for, 452
Patina of Art Bronzes, 584 Oxidizing Processes, 584
Patinas, 584
Peach Extract, 317 Tint Rouge, 231
Pearls, to Clean, 208
Peeling of Paints, 501
Pegamoid, 509
Pencils, Antiseptic, 99 for Marking Glass, 374
Pen Metal, 74
Pens, Gold, 383
Peppermint as a Flavor, 252
Pepsin Phosphate, 112
Percentage Solution, 509, 704
Perfumed Ammonia Water, 91 Fumigating Pastilles, 367 Pastilles, 520
Perfumes, 366, 509 Coloring, 511 Directions for Making, 512 Fumigating, 366 for Hair Oils, 520 for Soap, 648
Permanent Patina for Copper, 585 Paste, 38
Perpetual Ink, 404
Perspiration Remedy, 233
Perspiring Hands, 233
Petrolatum Cold Cream, 226
Petroleum, 521 Briquettes, 522 Emulsion, 423 for Spinning, 522 Hair Washes, 390 Jellies and Solidified Lubricants, 461 Soap, 648
Pewter, 75 Aging, 522 to Clean, 205
Phosphate Dental Cement, 163 of Casein and its Production, 149
Phosphor Bronze, 58
Phosphorescent Mass, 523
Photographers’ Ointment, 487 Photographs, 554
Phosphorus Poison, 96, 614 Substitute, 523
Photographic Developing Papers, 527 Mountants, 41
Photographing on Silk, 540
Photographs Enlarged, 542 on Brooches, 551 Transparent, 545
Photography, 523 without Light, 154
Piano Polishes, 598
Piccalilli Sauce, 213
Pickle for Brass, 132 for Bronze, 138 for Copper, 221 for Dipping Brass, 132
Pickling Brass like Gold, 132 Iron Scrap before Enameling, 305 of German-silver Articles, 582 Process, 453 Spice, 214
Picric Acid Stains, 186
Picture Copying, 222 Postal Cards, 537 Transferrer, 251
Pictures, Glow, 522
Pigment Paper, 540
Pigments, 555
Pile Ointments, 561
Pinaud Eau de Quinine, 392
Pinchbeck Gold, 69
Pineapple Essence, 317 Lemonade, 110
Pine Syrup, 320
Pine-tar Dandruff Shampoo, 389
Ping-pong Frappé, 110
Pinion Alloy, 737
Pink Carbolized Sanitary Powder, 263 Color on Silver, 642 Dye for Cotton, 271 for Wool, 271
Pinkeye, 731
Pink Grease Paint, 229 Purple Gold, 383 Salve, 487 Soap, 652
Pins of Watches, 738
Pin Wheels, 609
Pipe-joint Cement, 162
Pipe Leaks, 446 to Color a Meerschaum, 469
Pipes, Rust-preventive for, 625
Pistachio Essence, 317
Plain Rubber Cement, 34
Plant Fertilizers, 336 Preservatives, 345
Plants, 561
Plaster, 561 Articles, Repairing of, 27 Cast of Coins, 150 Casts, Preservation of, 565 for Foundry Models, 564 from Spent Gas Lime, 564 Grease, 463 Irritating, 486 Model Lubricant, 463 Mold, 152, 564 Objects, Cleaning of, 564 of Paris, Hardening, 32, 150, 564 Repairing, 27
Plastic Alloys, 64 and Elastic Composition, 158 Metal Composition, 65 Modeling Clay, 184 Substances of Nitro-cellulose Base, 156
Polishing Paste, 600
Platina, Birmingham, 55
Plate Glass, Removing Putty, 206 Pewter, 75
Plates, Care of Photographic, 523 for Engraving, 71
Platine for Dress Buttons, 80
Plating, 565 Gilding and Electrotyping, 288 of Aluminum, 572
Platinizing, 586 Aluminum, 586 Copper and Brass, 586 Metals, 586 on Glass or Porcelain, 586
Platinotype Paper, 530
Platinum Alloys, 73 -gold Alloys for Dental Purposes, 74 Papers and Their Development, 529 Silver, 74 Solders, 665 Waste, to Separate Silver from, 641
Platt’s Chlorides, 264
Playing Cards, to Clean, 209
Plumbago, 460
Plumbers’ Cement, 161
Plumes, 335
Plush, 590 to Remove Grease Spots from, 193
Poison Ivy, 96
Poisonous Fly-papers, 347 Mushrooms, 96
Poisons, Antidotes for, 92
Polish for Beechwood Furniture, 593 for Bronze Articles, 591 for Copper Articles, 591 for Fine Steel, 597 for Gilt Frames, 600 for Varnished Work, 195
Polishes, 590 Bone, 395 for Aluminum, 590 for Bars, Counters, etc., 590 for Brass, Bronze, Copper, etc., 590 for Floors, 591 for Furniture, 592 for Glass, 593 for Ivory, Bone, etc., 593 for Pianos, 596 for Silverware, 596
Polishes, for Steel and Iron, 597 for the Laundry, 444 for Wood, 598 or Glazes for Laundry Work, 444
Polishing Agent, 599 Bricks, 600 Cloths, to Prepare, 599 Cream, 600 Mediums, 600 Pastes, 595 for the Nails, 227 Powders, 594 Soaps, 594
Polychroming of Figures, 501
Pomade, Putz, 203
Pomades, 277, 392 Colors for, 228 for the Lips, 226
Pomegranate Essence, 317
Poppy Oil, 484 -seed Oil, Bleaching of, 459
Porcelain, 601 How to Tell Pottery, 173 Letters, Cement for, 19 Production of Luster Colors, 172
Portland Cement, 162 Size Over, 30
Positive Colors, 556
Postal Cards, How to Make, 537 How to Make Sensitized, 539
Potassium Amalgams, Applications of, 86 Silicate as a Cement, 19
Potato Starch, 680
Pottery, 173 and Porcelain, How to Tell, 173 Bodies and Glazes, 167 Metallic Luster on, 173 to Cut, 164
Poultry Applications, 419 Foods and Poultry Diseases and Their Remedies, 733 Lice Destroyer, 419 Wine, 771
Pounce, 189
Powdered Camphor in Permanent Form, 144 Cork as a Preservative, 606 Nail Polishes, 226
Powder, Blasting, 330 Face, 243 for Cleaning Gloves, 195 for Colored Fires, 609 for Gilding Metals, 579 for Hardening Iron, 427 Roup, 734 to Keep Moths Away, 425 to Weld Wrought Iron at Pale-red Heat with Wrought Iron, 761
Powders for Stamping, 679 for the Toilet, 242
Preservation and Use of Calcium Carbide, 144 of Belts, 105 of Carpets, 399 of Drawings, 266 of Eggs, 284 of Fats, 335 of Fishing Nets, 223 of Fresh Lemon Juice, 456 of Fruit Juices, 310 of Gum Solution, 44 of Meats, 359 of Milk, 475 of Plaster Casts, 565 of Syrups, 701 of Wood, 776 of Yeast, 786
Preservative Fluid for Museums, 602 for Stuffed Animals, 602
Preservatives, 602
Preservatives, for Leather, 452
Prairie Oyster, 116
Preparation of Amalgams, 85 of Brick Colors, 165 of Carbolineum, 147 of Catgut Sutures, 155 of Celluloid, 156 of Emulsions of Crude Petroleum, 521 of Enamels, 308 of French Bronze, 136 of Syrups, 702 of Uninflammable Celluloid, 157
Preparations of Copper Water, 221
Prepared Mustards of Commerce, 214
Preparing Bone for Fertilizer, 338
Preparing Emery for Lapping, 289
Preservative for Stone, 602
Preservatives for Paste, 38 for Shoe Soles, 633 for Zoological and Anatomical Specimens, 602
Preserved Strawberries, 605
Preserving Antiques, 98 Eggs with Lime, 285 Meat, a German Method, 361
Pressure Table, 704
Preventing the Peeling of Coatings for Iron, 427 the Putrefaction of Strong Glues, 11 Varnish from Crawling, 717
Prevention of Boiler Scale, 122 of Electrolysis, 123 of Fermentation, 765 of Foaming and Partial Caramelization of Fruit Juices, 311 of Fogging, Dimming and Clouding, 374
Prickly Heat, Applications for, 398
Priming Coat for Water Spots, 501 Iron, 495
Print Copying, 222
Printing Ink, Savages, 409 Inks, 408 Oilcloth and Leather in Gold, 379 on Celluloid, 161 on Photographs, 554
Printing-out Paper, How to Sensitize, 539
Printing-roller Compositions, 617
Prints, their Preservation, 309
Process for Colored Glazes, 165 for Dyeing in Khaki Colors, 276 of Electroplating, 286 of Impregnating Fabrics with Celluloid, 161
Production of Consistent Mineral Oils, 484 of Lampblack, 441 of Luster Colors on Porcelain and Glazed Pottery, 172 of Minargent, 64 of Rainbow Colors on Metals, 568 of Substances Resembling Celluloid, 158
Properties of Amalgams, 85 of Concrete Blocks, Strength, 695
Protecting Boiler Plates from Scale, 122 Cement Against Acid, 9 Stuffed Furniture from Moths, 425
Protection for Cement Work, 162 for Oil Paintings, 488
Protection of Acetylene Apparatus from Frost, 363
Protective Coating for Bright Iron Articles, 496
Prussic Acid, 93
Pumice Stone, 606
Pumice-stone Soap, 648
Pumillo Toilet Vinegar, 244
Punch, Claret, 112
Puncture Cement, 162
Purification of Benzine, 106
Purifying-air, 44
Purifying Oils and Fats, 335 Rancid Castor Oil, 153 Water, 740
Purple and Violet Dyes, 269 Dye, 269 for Cotton, 270 for Silk, 270 Ink, 416 of Cassius, 383
Putty, 606 Acid-proof, 607 for Attaching Sign-letters to Glass, 19 for Celluloid, 161 Nose, 230 Substitute for, 608 to Remove, 206
Putz Pomade, 203
Pyrocatechin Developer, 526
Pyrogallic Acid Stains, 185
Pyrotechnics, 608, 610
Q
Quadruple Extract Perfumery, 518
Quince Extract, 317 Flip, 115
Quick Dryer for Inks Used on Bookbinders’ Cases, 410
Quick-drying Enamel Colors, 722
Quick-water, 66
Quilts, to Clean, 194
R
Rags for Cleaning, 194
Raspberryade Powder, 627
Raspberry Essences, 318 Lemonade, 110 Sour, 116 Syrup, 317, 318
Rat Poisons, 96, 613
Ratsbane Poison, 93
Ravigotte Mustard, 215
Razor Paper, 503 Pastes, 509, 615
Recipes for Cold-stirred Toilet Soaps, 652 for Pottery and Brick Work, 167 for Soldering, 665
Recovering Glycerine from Soap Boiler’s Lye, 378
Recovery of Tin and Iron in Tinned-plate Clippings, 707
Recutting Old Files, 339
Red Birds, Food for, 729 Coloring of Copper, 221 Crimson and Pink Dyes, 270 Dye for Wool, 271 Furniture Paste, 592 Gilding, 580 Gold Enamel, 67 Grease Paint, 229 Indelible Inks, 406 Ink, 416 Patina, 585 Russia Leather Varnish, 449
Reducer for Gelatin Dry-plate Negatives, 535
Reducers, 552
Reducing Photographs, 542
Refining Linseed Oil, 484 of Potato Starch, 680
Refinishing Gas Fixtures, 130
Reflector Metal, 72
Refrigerants, 615
Refrigeration, 616
Refrigerators, Home-made, 616 their Care, 401
Regilding Mat Articles, 580
Reinking Typewriter Ribbons, 413
Relief Etching of Copper, Steel, and Brass, 323 Ground for, 322 of Zinc, 323
Relishes, 213
Remedies Against Human Parasites, 422 Mosquitoes, 425 for Dry Rot, 618 for Fetid Breath, 133 for Insect Bites, 417
Removable Binding, 141
Removal of Aniline-dye Stains from the Skin, 184 of Corns, 224 of Dirt from Paraffine, 508 of Heat Stains from Polished Wood, 776 of Iron from Drinking Water, 741 of Musty Taste and Smell from Wine, 771 of Odors from Wooden Boxes, Chests, Drawers, etc., 398 of Paint from Clothing, 192 of Peruvian-balsam Stains, 194 of Picric-acid Stains, 186 of Rust, 199
Removing Acid Stains, 184 and Preventing Match Marks, 195 Egg Stains, 201 Glaze from Emery Wheels, 289 Grease Spots from Plush, 193 Inground Dirt, 235 Ink Stains, 189 Iron Rust from Muslin, 193 Odor from Pasteboard, 399 Oil Spots from Leather, 206 Oil Stains from Marble, 197 Old Wall Paper, 400 Paint from Wood, 188 Silver Stains, 209 Spots from Furniture, 206 the Gum of Sticky Fly-paper, 348 Varnish, etc., 188 Window Frost, 376 Woody Odor, 399
Rendering Paraffine Transparent, 507
Renovating a Camera, 553 Old Parquet Floors, 345
Renovation of Polished Surfaces of Wood, etc., 197
Repairing Broken Glass, 26 Hectographs, 396 Rubber Goods, 620
Replacing Rubies whose Settings have Deteriorated, 736
Replating, 588 with Battery, 573
Reproduction of Plaster Originals, 565
Resilvering, 588 of Mirrors, 476
Restoring Photographs, 544 Tarnished Gold, 199
Restoration of Brass Articles, 132 of Old Prints, 309
Restoration of Spoiled Beer, 105 of the Color of Turquoises, 432
Retz Alloy, 64
Revolver Lubricants, 460
Rhubarb for Cholera, 180
Ribbon, Fumigating, 366
Ribbons for Typewriters, 711
Rice Paste, 38
Rifle Lubricants, 460
Ring, How to Solder, 666
Rings on Metal, Producing Colored, 582
Riveting China, 179
Roach Exterminators, 425
Rock-candy Syrup, 702
Rockets, 609
Rockingham Glazes, 171
Rodinal Developer, 524
Roller Compositions for Printers, 617
Roman Candles, 609
Roof Paints, 497
Roofs, How to Lay, 397 Prevention of Leakage, 397
Room Deodorizer, 400
Rope Lubricants, 463
Ropes, 617 Waterproofing, 753
Roquefort Cheese, 177
Rose’s Alloy, 64
Rose Cordial, 765 Cream, 115
Rose-Glycerine Soap, 652
Rosemary Water for the Hair, 389
Rose Mint, 115 Pink Dye, 278 Pomade, 227 Poudre de Riz Powder, 243 Powders, 230 Talc, 510
Rose-tint Glass, 371
Rosewood, 783 Stain, 783
Rosin, Shellac, and Wax Cement, 34 Soap as an Emulsifier, 289 Sticks, 260 Tests for, in Extracts, 356
Rottmanner’s Beauty Water, 244
Rouge, 228, 229, 230 for Buff Wheels, 618 or Paris Red, 600 Palettes, 230 Powder, 600 Tablets, 230 Theater, 231
Roup Cures, 734
Royal Frappé, 114 Mist, 115
Rubber, 618 and Rubber Articles, 620 Wood Fastened, 22 Boots and Shoe Cement, 23 Cement for Cloth, 24 Cements, 22, 34 Gloves, Substitute for, 100 Testing, 622 Goods, Repairing, 620 Its Properties and Uses in Waterproofing, 743 Scraps, Treatment of, 621 Softening, 621 Stamps, 622 Varnishes, 724
Ruby Settings, 737
Rules for Varnishing, 717
Rum, Bay, 104
Ruoltz Metal, 64
Russet Leather Dressing, 449
Russian Leather, 454 Polishing Lac, 411
Rust Paints, 497 Paper, 625
Rust, Prevention for Iron Pipes, 625 Preventive for Tools, etc., 625 Removers, 193, 198 Preventives, 623
Rusty Pieces, to Separate, 625
S
Saccharine in Food, 351
Sachet Powders, 509
Safety in Explosives, 330 Paper, 503 Paste for Matches, 467
Sage Cheese, 176
Salicyl, Sweet, 258
Salicylic Acid in Food, 349 Soap, 654
Saltpeter (Nitrate of Potash), 96
Salts, Effervescent, 626 Smelling, 628
Salve, 486
Sand, 628 Holes in Brass, 150 in Cast-brass Work, 150
Sand-lime Brick, 689
Sand Soap, 654 to Prevent Adhesion of Sand to Castings, 150
Sandstone Cements, 17 Coating, 10 to Remove Oil Spots from, 198
Sapo Durus, 654
Saponaceous Tooth Pastes, 257
Sarsaparilla, 629 Beer, 118 Extract, 318 Soluble Extract, 318
Sauces, Table, 213
Sausage Color, 358
Savage’s Printing Ink, 409
Savine Poison, 96
Sawdust for Jewelers, 737 in Bran, 126
Saxon Blue Dye, 268
Scald Head, Soap for, 653
Scale for Photographic Reduction, 542 in Boilers, 122 Insects, Extermination of, 423 on Orange Trees, 423 Pan Cleaner, 205
Scales and Tables, 547
Scalp Wash, 389
Scarlet Lake Dyes, 277 with Lac Dye, 271
Schiffmann’s Asthma Powder, 101
Scissors Hardening, 685
Scotch Beer, 118
Scratch Brushing, 576
Screws, 629 Bluing, 682 in Watches, 738
Sealing (Burning) Trick, 611 Waxes, 755
Sea Sickness, 630
Seasonings, 213
Seed, Bird, 120
Seidlitz Salt, 628
Self-igniting Mantles, 465
Seltzer and Lemon, 110 Lemonade, 110 Water, 740
Separating Silver from Platinum Waste, 641
Serpents, Pharaoh’s, 630
Serviettes Magiques, 596
Setting of Tools, 708 the Paint-brush Bristles, 141
Sewing-machine Oil, 461
Sewing Thread, Dressing for, 706
Shades of Red, etc., on Matt Gold Bijouterie, 431
Shading Pen, Ink for, 416
Shampoo Lotions and Pastes, 392 Soap, 653
Sharpening Pastes, 509 Stones, 761
Shaving Paste, 630 Soaps, 649
Sheep, 734
Sheet Brass, 54
Sheet-dips, 264
Sheet Metal Alloy, 71 Lubricant, 463
Shellac, 716 Bleaching, 631
Shell Cameos, 630 Imitation of, 429 Polishes, 593
Shells, Lubricants for Redrawing, 463
Sherbet, Egg, 115
Shims in Engine Brasses, 631
“Shio Liao,” 32
Ship Compositions and Paints, 498
Shoe Dressings, 631 Leather Dressing, 450
Shoes, Blacking for, 631 Waterproofing, 750
Show Bottles, 127
Show-case Signs, 457
Show Cases, 635 to Prevent Dimming of, 374
Siberian Flip, 115
Siccatives, 636
Sign Letters, 639
Sign-letter Cements, 18
Signs on Show Cases, 457 to Repair Enameled, 304
Silicate of Oxychloride Cements, 35
Silicon Bronze, 61
Silk, 639 Gilding, 580 Sensitizers for Photographic Purposes, 540
Silver, 639 Alloys, 75 Amalgam, 88, 90 Bromide Paper, Toning Baths for, 541 Bronze, 71
Silver-coin Cleaner, 200
Silver, Copper, Nickel, and Zinc Alloys, 76 Etching Fluid for, 324 Fizz, 115 Foil Substitute, 474 Gray Dye for Straw, 269 Stain, 783 Imitation, 77 Ink, 416 Nitrate Spots, to Remove, 194 Test for Cottonseed Oil, 482 Ornamental Designs on, 641
Silver-plating, 574, 587
Silver Polishing Balls, 599 Solder for Enameling, 434 for Plated Metal, 434 Solders, 663 for Soldering Iron, Steel, Cast Iron, and Copper, 663 Testing, 642 to Clean, 204 to Color Pink, 642 to Recover Gold from, 382
Silvering by Oxidation, 583 Bronze, 587 Copper, 587 Glass Balls, Amalgam for, 90 Globes, 641 Globes, 476 of Mirrors, 476 Powder for Metals, 642 Silver-plating, and Desilvering, 587 Test for, 642
Silverware Cleaner, 200 Polishes, 596 Wrapping Paper for, 506
Silver-zinc, 76
Similor, 68
Simple Coloring of Bronze Powder, 134 Test for Red Lead and Orange Lead, 446 Way to Clean a Clock, 207
Sinews, Treatment of, 11
Sinks, to Clean, 202
Size Over Portland Cement, 31
Sizing, 38 Walls for Kalsomine, 436
Skin Bleaches, Balms, etc., 234 Chapped, 232
Skin-cleaning Preparations, 184
Skin Cream, 239 Discoloration, 235 Foods, 231, 234 Lotion, 234 Ointments, 487 Troubles, 644
Slate, 643 Dye for Silk, 269 for Straw Hats, 269 Parchment, 506
Slides for Lanterns, 532
Slipcoat or Soft Cheese, 177
Slugs on Roses, 423
Smaragdine, 45
Smelling Salts, 510, 628
Smokeless Powder, 329 Vari-colored Fire, 609
Smut, Treatment for, 384
Snake Bites, 96, 643
Soap, Benzoin, 652
Soap-bubble Liquids, 655
Soap, Coloring, 644 for Surgical Instruments, 653 for Garment Cleaning, 645 Perfumes, 520 Polishes, 594 Powder, Borax, 649, 650 Substitutes, 653 Tooth, 257
Soaps, 644 and Pastes for Gloves, 195 for Clothing and Fabrics, 191
Soda, Coffee Cream, 113 Water, 111
Soda-water Fountain Drinks, 110
Sodium Amalgams, Applications of, 86 Salts, Effervescent, 627 Silicate as a Cement, 19
Soft Enamels for Iron, White, 305 German-silver Solder, 661 Glaze Brick, 165 Gold Solder, 434 Metal Castings, 151 Silver Solders, 664 Soldering Paste, 667 Solder, 664 Toilet Soaps, 652
Softening Celluloid, 160 Rubber, 621 Steel, 687
Solder, Copper, 659 for Articles which will not Bear a High Temperature, 666 for Brass Tubes, 659 for Fastening Brass to Tin, 659 for Gold, 434 for Iron, 665 for Silver Chains, 664 for Silver-plated Work, 664 for Silversmiths, 664 from Gold, to Remove, 383
Soldering, Acids, 656 a Ring Containing a Jewel, 436, 666 Block, 667
Soldering, Concealed, 665 of Metallic Articles, 656 of Metals, 655 Fluxes for, 660 Paste, 667 Powder for Steel, 665 Recipes, 665 Solution for Steel, 665 without Heat, 666
Solders, 655 for Glass, 662 for Gold, 434 for Jewelers, 436 for Silver, 434
Solid Alcohol, 45 Cleansing Compound, 209 Linseed Oil, 483
Solidified Lubricants, 462
Soluble Blue, 443 Essence of Ginger, 314 Extract of Ginger Ale, 108 Glass, Bronzing with, 139 Gun Cotton, 332
Solution for Removing Nitrate of Silver Spots, 194
Solutions for Batteries, 104 for Cleaning Metals, 200 Percentage, 704
Solvent for Iron Rust, 201
Solvents for Celluloid, 160
Sorel’s Dental Cement, 163
Soup Herb Extract, 212
Sources of Potable Alcohol, 668
Sozodont, 256
Sparkling Wines, 767
Sparks from the Finger Tips, 611
Spatter Work, 457
Spavin Cures, 730
Spearmint Cordial, 765
Special Glazes for Bricks, 167
Specific Gravity Test, 382
Speculum Metal, 73
Spice for Fruit Compote, 605 Pickling, 214
Spices, Adulterated, 358 for Flavoring, 213
Spirit, 667, 678 Stains for Wood, 784
Spirits of Salts Poison, 92
Sponge Trick, Blazing, 611 Window Display, 679
Sponges, 678 as Filters, 339 Sterilization of, 679 to Clean, 210
Spot and Stain Removers, 185 Gilding, 580
Spots on Photographic Plates, 554
Sprain Washes, 730
Spray Solution, 103
Spring Cleaning, 207 Hardening, 685
Springs of Watches, 737 to Clean, 207
Sprinkling Powders for Flies, 421
Spruce Beer, 118, 119
Squibb’s Diarrhœa Mixture, 179
Squill Poisons, 613
Stage Decorations, Fireproofing, 342
Stain, Brick, 133 for Blue Paving Bricks, 166
Stain-removing Soaps, 653
Stained Ceilings, 400
Staining Horns, 397
Stains, 781 for Lacquers, 438 for Oak Leather, 455 for Patent Leather, 452 for Wood, 781 Attacked by Alkalies or Acids, 785
Stamping, 679 Colors for Use with Rubber Stamps, 679
Stamping Liquids and Powders, 679 Powder for Embroideries, 680
Starch, 445, 680 in Jelly, Tests for, 357 Luster, 399 Paste, 35 Powder, 681
Starch-producing Plants, 668
Statuary Bronze, 57
Statue Cleaning, 197
Statuettes, Cleaning of, 564 of Lipowitz Metal, 64
Steam Cylinder Lubricant, 463
Steel, 681 Alloys, 77 for Drawing Colors on, 80 for Locomotive Cylinders, 77 and Iron Polishes, 597 Blue and Old Silver on Brass, 130 Bluing, 682 Bronze, 61 Browning of, 682 Cleaner, 199 Coloring, 682 Distinguishing Iron from, 427 Dust as a Polishing Agent, 600 Etching, 323 on, 687 Fragments, 687
Steel-hardening Powder, 427
Steel, Oxidized, 584 Paint for, 497 Plating, 575 Polishes, 597 Soldering, 665 Testing, 687 to Clean, 199 Tools, to Put an Edge on, 686 Wire Hardening, 684
Stencil Inks, 411 Marking Ink that will Wash Out, 399
Stencils for Plotting Letters of Sign Plates, 296
Stereochromy, 688
Stereopticon Slides, 532
Stereotype Metal, 77
Sterilization of Sponges, 679 of Water with Lime Chloride, 741
Sterling Silver, 434
Stick Pomade, 228
Sticky Fly-papers, 347 Fly Preparations, 421
Stilton Cheese, 177
Stone, Artificial, 688 Cements, 16 Cleaning, 196 Preservative for, 602
Stones for Sharpening, 708, 761 (Precious), Imitation of, 370
Stoneware, 167 and Glass Cements, 26 Waterproof Cements for, 21
Stopper Lubricants, 462, 700
Store Windows, to Clean, 209
Stove, Blacking, 700 Cement, 162 Cleaners, 202 Lacquer, 441 Polish, 597, 700 Varnishes, 727
Stramonium, Antidote for, 102
Strap Lubricant, 460
Strawberries, Preserved, 605
Strawberry Essence, 318 Juice, 318 Pomade, 227
Straw, Bleaching, 120 Fireproofing, 343
Straw-hat Cleaners, 187 Dyes, 394
Strengthened Filter Paper, 503
Stripping Gilt Articles, 205 Photograph Films, 553
Strong Adhesive Paste, 37, 39 Cement, 32 Twine, 223
Strontium Amalgams, 86
Stropping Pastes, 615
Strychnine or Nux Vomica, 96 Poisons, 614
Stuffed Animals, Preserved, 602
Styptic Paste of Gutta Percha, 701
Styptics, 701
Substances Used for Denaturing Alcohol, 678
Substitute for Benzine, 106 for Camphor in the Preparation of Celluloid and Applicable to Other Purposes, 157 for Cement on Grinder Disks, 31 for Cork, 224 for Fire Grenades, 341 for Gum Arabic, 386 for Putty, 608 for Rubber Gloves, 100 for Soldering Fluid, 659
Substitutes for Coffee, 210 for German Silver, 70 for Wood, 785
Suffolk Cheese, 177
Sugar-producing Plants, 668
Sulphate of Zinc Poison, 97 Stains, to Remove, 186
Sulphuric Acid Poison, 92
Summer Drink, 118 Taffy, 217
Sun Bronze, 61 Cholera Mixture, 179
Sunburn Remedies, 240, 241
Sunflower-glycerine Soap, 653
Superfatted Liquid Lanolin-glycerine Soap, 647
Sutures of Catgut, 155
Swiss Cheese, 177
Sympathetic Inks, 412
Syndeticon, 32
Syrup of Bromoform, 134 (Raspberry), 317 Table, 704
Syrups, 321, 701
Szegedin Soap, 653
T
Table of Drops, 704 Sauces, 213 Showing Displacement on Ground Glass of Objects in Motion, 548 Top, Acid-proof, 9
Tables, 703 and Scales, 547 for Photographers, 547
Tablet Enameling, 293
Tablets, Chocolate Coated, 179 for Mouth Wash, 259 Glue for, 13
Taffy, 217
Tailor’s Chalk, 164
Talc Powder, 243
Talcum Powder, 243
Tallow, 334
Talmi Gold, 69
Tamping of Concrete Blocks, 695
Tan and Freckle Lotion, 241 and Russet Shoe Polishes, 633
Tank, 705
Tanned Leather, Dye for, 447
Tanning, 453 Hides, 454
Taps, to Remove Broken, 705
Tar Paints, 780
Tarragon Mustard, 215
Tar Syrup, 320
Tasteless Castor Oil, 153
Tattoo Marks, Removal of, 705
Tawing, 448
Tea Extract, 319 Hot, 113
Tea-rose Talc Powder, 243
Teeth, to Whiten Discolored, 705
Telescope Metal, 71
Temperature for Brushes, 140 of Metal, 152 of Water for Plants, 561
Tempered Copper, 221
Tempering Brass, 132 Steel, 683
Terra Cotta Cleaning, 197 Substitute, 705
Test for Glue, 10
Testing Nickel, 481 Rubber Gloves, 622 Siccatives, 637 Silver, 642 Steel, 687
Tests for Absolute Alcohol, 45 for Aniline in Pigments, 560 for Cotton, 245 for Lubricants, 463 for Yeast, 786
Textile Cleaning, 191
Theater Rouge, 231
The Burning Banana, 611 Gum-bichromate Photoprinting Process, 546 Preservation of Books, 124 Prevention of the Inflammability of Benzine, 106
Therapeutic Grouping of Medicinal Plasters, 561
Thermometers, 706
Thread, 706
Three-color Process, 548
Throat Lozenges, 218
Thymol, 100
Ticks, Cattle Dip for, 419
Tiers-Argent Alloy, 75
Tilemakers’ Notes, 164
Tin, 49, 706 Alloys, 77 Amalgams, Applications of, 87 Ash, 172 Bismuth, and Magnesium, 49 Bronzing, 567 Chloride of Tin, Poison, 97
Tinctures for Perfumes, 513
Tin, Etching Fluid for, 324
Tinfoil, 707
Tin Foils for Capsules, 474 for Wrapping Cheese, 474
Tin in Powder Form, 707
Tin-lead, 77 Alloys, 78
Tinned Surface, 589
Tinning, 584 by Oxidation, 584 Tin Plating by Electric Bath, 575 of Lead, 589
Tinseled Letters, or Chinese Painting on Glass, 458
Tin Silver-Plating, 589 Solders, 665 Statuettes, Buttons, etc., 78 Varnishes, 727
Tipping Gold Pens, 383
Tire, 708 Cements, 23
Tissier’s Metal, 64
Tissue Paper, Paste for, 37
To Ascertain whether an Article is Nickeled, Tinned, or Silvered, 589 Attach Glass Labels to Bottles, 41 Gold Leaf Permanently, 474
Tobin Bronze, 61
To Blacken Aluminum, 81 Bleach Glue, 378
Tobacco Poison, 97
To Bronze Copper, 136 Burnish Gilt Work, 384 Caseharden Locally, 684 Cast Yellow Brass, 54 Cement Glass to Iron, 17 Clarify Liqueurs, 770 Solutions of Gelatin, Glues, etc., 370 Turbid Orange Flower Water, 512 Clean a Gas Stove, 202 Aluminum, 204 Articles of Nickel, 201 Brushes of Dry Paint, 188 Colored Leather, 186 Dull Gold, 204 Files, 205 Fire-gilt Articles, 185 Furs, 368 Gilt Frames, etc., 185 Gilt Objects, 203 Gold and Silver Lace, 193 Gummed Parts of Machinery, 203 Gummed-up Springs, 207 Jet Jewelry, 431 Lacquered Goods, 195 Linoleum, 206 Milk Glass, 209 Mirrors, 209 Oily Bottles, 210 Old Medals, 199 Painted Walls, 190 Paintings, 195 Petroleum Lamp Burners, 200 Playing Cards, 209 Polished Parts of Machines, 201 Quilts, 194 Silver Ornaments, 201 Skins Used for Polishing Purposes, 186 Soldered Watch Cases, 207 Sponges, 210 Store Windows, 209 Tarnished Zinc, 205 the Tops of Clocks in Repairing, 20 Very Soiled Hands, 185 Watch Chains, 206 Wool, 273 Zinc Articles, 203 Coat Brass Articles with Antimony Colors, 581 Color a Meerschaum Pipe, 469 Billiard Balls Red, 428 Bronze, 138 Butter, 359 Cheese, 359 Gold, 383 Iron Blue, 427 Ivory, 428 Conceal Soldering, 665 Copper Aluminum, 581 Copy Old Letters, etc., 223 Cut Castile Soap, 644 Glass, 371
To Cut Glass under Water, 372 Pottery, 164
Toddy, Hot Soda, 112
To Detect Artificial Vanillin in Vanilla Extracts, 713 the Presence of Aniline in a Pigment, 560 Tonka in Vanilla Extract, 714 Determine the Covering Power of Pigments, 560 Dissolve Copper from Gold Articles, 382
To Distinguish Cotton from Linen, 246 Genuine Diamonds, 260 Glue and Other Adhesives, 378 Iron from Steel, 427 Steel from Iron, 687 Do Away with Wiping Dishes, 399 Drain a Refrigerator, 616 Drill Optical Glass, 372 Dye Copper Parts Violet and Orange, 221 Cotton Dark Brown, 280 Feathers, 282 Felt Goods, 281 Silk a Delicate Greenish Yellow, 280 Silk Peacock Blue, 281 Stiffen, and Bleach Felt Hats, 273 Woolen Yarns, etc., Various Shades of Magenta, 280 Woolens with Blue de Lyons, 280 Eat Burning Coals, 612 Estimate Contents of a Circular Tank, 705 Extract Oil Spots from Finished Goods, 273 Shellac from Fur Hats, 394 Fasten Brass upon Glass, 17 Paper Tickets to Glass, 19 Rubber to Wood, 22 Fill Engraved Letters on Metal Signs, 457 Find the Number of Carats, 432 Fire Paper, etc., by Breathing on it, 611 Fix Alcoholic Lacquers on Metallic Surfaces, 440 Dyes, 274 Gold Letters, etc., upon Glass, 18 Paper upon Polished Metal, 37 Iron in Stone, 162 Fuse Gold Dust, 384 Give a Brown Color to Brass, 130 a Green Color to Gold Jewelry, 582 Brass a Golden Color, 577 Dark Inks a Bronze or Changeable Hue, 409 Grind Glass, 372 Harden a Hammer, 684 Hard-solder Parts Formerly Soldered with Tin Solder, 663 Impart the Aroma and Taste of Natural Butter to Margarine, 143 Improve Deadened Brass Parts 132 Increase the Toughness, Density, and Tenacity of Aluminum, 83
Toilet Creams, 235 Milks, 239 Powders, 242 Soap Powder, 652
Toilet Soaps, 650 Vinegars, 244 Waters, 244, 519
To Keep Files Clean, 339 Flaxseed Free from Bugs, 424 Flies from Fresh Paint, 501 Ice in Small Quantities, 402 India Ink Liquid, 407 Liquid Paint in Workable Condition, 501 Keep Machinery Bright, 624
Tolidol Developer, 52
To Loosen a Glass Stopper, 700 a Rusty Screw in a Watch Movement, 738
Tomato Bouillon Extract, 212
Tombac Volor on Brass, 130
To Make a Belt Pull, 106 a Clock Strike Correctly, 738 a Transparent Cement for Glass, 29 Cider, 180 Corks Impermeable and Acid-proof, 10 Fat Oil Gold Size, 382 Holes in Thin Glass, 372 Loose Nails in Walls Rigid, 399 or Enlarge a Dial Hole, 737 Plush Adhere to Metal, 590 Matt Gilt Articles, 432 Mend Grindstones, 386 Wedgwood Mortars, 29
Toning Baths, 540 for Silver Bromide Paper, 541 Black Inks, 409
Tonka Extract, 319 Its Detection in Vanilla Extracts, 714
Tool Lubricant, 461 Setting, 708
Tools, Rust Prevention, 625
Toothache, 709
Tooth Cements, 163 Paste to be put in Collapsible Tubes, 257 Pastes, Powders, and Washes, 251 Powder for Children, 255 Powders and Pastes, 253 Soaps and Pastes, 257 Straightening, 737
To Overcome Odors in Freshly Prepared Rooms, 400 Paint Wrought Iron with Graphite, 496 Paste Paper on Smooth Iron, 37 Pickle Black Iron-plate Scrap Before Enameling, 305 Polish Delicate Objects, 599 Paintings on Wood, 600 Prepare Polishing Cloths, 599 Preserve Beef, 360 Furs, 368 Milk, 606 Steel from Rust, 199 Prevent Crawling of Paints, 490 Dimming of Eyeglasses, etc., 376 Glue from Cracking, 10 Screws from Rusting and Becoming Fast, 629 Smoke from Flashlight, 552 the Adhesion of Modeling Sand to Castings, 150 the Trickling of Burning Candles, 145 Wood Warping, 781 Wooden Vessels from Leaking, 446 Produce Fine Leaves of Metal, 473 Protect Papered Walls from Vermin, 401 Zinc Roofing from Rust, 626 Purify Bismuth, 380 Put an Edge on Steel Tools, 686 Quickly Remove a Ring from a Swollen Finger, 431 Reblack Clock Hands, 738 Recognize Whether an Article is Gilt, 383 Recover Gold-leaf Waste, 381 Reduce Engravings, 310
To Reduce Photographs, 548 Refine Board Sweepings, 432 Remedy Worn Pinions from Watches, 738 Remove a Name from a Dial, 207 Aniline Stains, 185 from Ceilings, etc., 190 Balsam Stains, 194 Black Letters from White Enameled Signs, 639 Burnt Oil from Hardened Steel, 686 Enamel and Tin Solder, 188 Fragments of Steel from Other Metals, 687 Finger Marks from Books, etc., 186 Glue from Glass, 208 Gold from Silver, 382 Grease Spots from Marble, 197 Hard Grease, Paint, etc., from Machinery, 200 Ink Stains on Silver, 201 Nitric-acid Stains, 185 Oil-paint Spots from Glass, 209 Oil-paint Spots from Sandstones, 198 Old Enamel, 189 Old Oil, Paint, or Varnish Coats, 187 Paint, Varnish, etc., from Wood, 188 Putty, Grease, etc., from Plate Glass, 206 Pyro Stains from the Fingers, 555 Red (Aniline) Ink, 190 Rust from Instruments, 199 Rust from Iron Utensils, 198 Rust from Nickel, 199, 203 Silver Plating, 203 Silver Stains from White Fabrics, 193 Soft Solder from Gold, 383 Spots from Drawings, 206 Spots from Tracing Cloth, 192 Stains from the Hands, 184 Stains of Sulphate, 186 Strains in Metal by Heating, 686 Varnish from Metal, 188 Vegetable Growth from Buildings, 209 Water Stains from Varnished Furniture, 188 Vaseline Stains from Clothing, 192 Render Aniline Colors Soluble in Water, 274 Fine Cracks in Tools Visible, 686 Gum Arabic More Adhesive, 43 Negatives Permanent, 553 Pale Gold Darker, 383 Shrunken Wooden Casks Watertight, 149 Window Panes Opaque, 375 Renew Old Silks, 274 Renovate and Brighten Russet and Yellow Shoes, 633 Brick Walls, 190 Old Oil Paintings, 488 Straw Hats, 187 Repair a Dial, etc., with Enamel Applied Cold, 737 a Repeating Clock-bell, 737 Enameled Signs, 304 Meerschaum Pipes, 469 Restore Brushes, 141 Patent Leather Dash, 452
To Restore Reddened Carbolic Acid, 147 the Color of a Gold or Gilt Dial, 207 Burnt Steel, 686
Tortoise-shell Polishes, 593
To Scale Cast Iron, 204 Scent Advertising Matter, 510 Separate Rusty Pieces, 625 Silver Brass, Bronze, Copper, 587 Glass Balls and Plate Glass, 587 Silver-plate Metals, 588 Soften Glaziers’ Putty, 607 Horn, 397 Iron Castings, 427 Old Whitewash, 762 Solder a Piece of Hardened Steel, 665 Stop Leakage in Iron Hot-Water Pipes, 446 Sweeten Rancid Butter, 143 Take Boiling Lead in the Mouth, 612 Tell Genuine Meerschaum, 469 Temper Small Coil Springs and Tools, 683 Test Extract of Licorice, 458 Fruit Juices and Syrups for Aniline Colors, 321 Fruit Juices for Salicylic Acid, 321 the Color to See if it is Precipitating, 277 Tighten a Ruby Pin, 738 Toughen China, 173 Transfer Designs, 710 Engravings, 710 Turn Blueprints Brown, 542 Utilize Drill Chips, 686
Touchstone, Aquafortis for the, 383
Toughening Leather, 455
To Weaken a Balance Spring, 733 Whiten Flannels, 446 Iron, 427 Widen a Jewel Hole, 431
Tracing-cloth Cleaners, 194
Tracing Cloth, Removing Spots from, 192
Tracing, How to Clean, 194 Paper, 503
Tragacanth, Mucilage of, 42
Transfer Processes, 710
Transparencies, 709
Transparent Candles, 145 Brick Glaze, 167 Ground Glass, 373 Photographs, 545 Soaps, 652
Trays, Varnish for, 727
Treacle Beer, 119
Treatment and Utilization of Rubber Scraps, 621 of Bunions, 224 of Carbolic-acid Burns, 147 of Cast-iron Grave Crosses, 202 of Corns, 225 of Damp Walls, 400 of Fresh Plaster, 564 of Newly Laid Linoleum, 459 of the Grindstone, 386
Tricks with Fire, 608
Triple Extract Perfumery, 518 Pewter, 75
Tubs: to Render Shrunken Tubs Water-tight, 149
Turmeric in Food, 352
Turpentine Stains, 784
Turquoises, Restoration of the Color of, 432
Turtle (Mock) Extract, 212
Twine, 711 Strong, 223
Two-solution Ink Remover, 189
Type Metal, 78
Typewriter Ribbon Inks, 413 Ribbons, 711
U
Udder Inflammation, 731
Unclassified Alloys, 80 Dyers’ Recipes, 273
Unclean Lenses, 456
Uninflammable Celluloid, 157
United States Weights and Measures, 758
Uniting Glass with Horn, 17 Rubber and Leather, 22
Universal Cement, 31 Cleaner, 209
Urine, Detection of Albumen, 44
Utensils, Capacities of, 703 to Remove Rust, 198
Utilization of Waste Material or By-products, 673
V
Valves, 711
Vanilla, 713 Extract, 319, 355 Substitute, 714
Vanillin, 713
Vaseline Pomade, 228 Stains, to Remove, 192
Vasolimentum, 728
Varnish and Paint Remover, 188 Bookbinders’, 720 Brushes at Rest, 141 for Bicycles, 719 for Blackboards, 720 for Floors, 724 for Trays and Tinware, 727 Gums Used in Making, 715 How to Pour Out, 153 Making, Linseed Oil for, 483 Manufacturing Hints, 715 Removers, 187 Substitutes, 727
Varnished Paper, 506
Varnishes, 543, 714 Engravers’, 723 Insulating, 426 Photographic Retouching, 543
Varnishing, Rules for, 717
Vat Enamels and Varnishes, 721
Vegetable Acids, Poison, 92
Vegetables, Canned, 352
Vehicle for Oil Colors, 560
Venetian Paste, 39
Vermilion Grease Paint, 229
Vermin Killer, 422
Very Hard Silver Solder, 663
Veterinary Dose Table, 729 Formulas, 728
Vichy, 740 Salt, 628
Violet Ammonia, 244, 245 Color for Ammonia, 91 Cream, 115 Dye for Silk or Wool, 270 for Straw Bonnets, 270 Flavor for Candy, 217 Ink, 417 Poudre de Riz Powder, 242 Sachet, 510 Smelling Salts, 510 Talc, 510 Powder, 243 Tooth Powder, 252 Water, 520 Witch Hazel, 245
Vinaigre Rouge, 244
Vinegar, 358, 734 Toilet, 244
Viscose, 159
Vogel’s Composition Files, 64
Voice Lozenges, 219
Vulcanization of Rubber, 622
W
Wagon and Axle Greases, 462
Wall Cleaners, 190
Wall-paper Dyes, 278 Removal of, 400
Wall-paper Paste, 39
Wall Priming, 501 Waterproofing, 741
Walls, Damp, 400 Hard-finished, 499
Walnut, 783
Warming Bottle, 127
Warping, Prevention of, 781
Warts, 736
Washes, Nail-cleaning, 227
Washing Blankets, 399 Brushes, 141 Fluids and Powders, 445 of Light Silk Goods, 639
Waste, Photographic, Its Disposition, 534
Watch Chains, to Clean, 206
Watch-dial Cements, 20
Watch Gilding, 738
Watch-lid Cement, 20
Watchmakers’ Alloys, 736 and Jewelers’ Cleaning Preparations, 206 Formulas, 736 Oil, 738
Watch Manufacturers’ Alloys, 736 Movements, Palladium Plating of, 583
Waterproof and Acid-proof Pastes, 38 Cements for Glass, Stoneware, and Metal, 21 Coatings, 742 Glues, 13 Harness Composition, 451 Ink, 417 Paints, 491 Papers, 505 Putties, 608 Ropes, 753 Shoe Dressings, 634 Stiffening for Straw Hats, 187 Varnish for Beach Shoes, 635 Wood, 753
Waterproofing, 741 Blue Prints, 741 Brick Arches, 741 Canvas, 742 Cellars, 400 Corks, 742 Fabrics, 742 Leather, 750 Paper, 751
Water- and Acid-resisting Paint, 499
Water-closets, Deodorants for, 263
Water, Copper, 221 Filters for, 339
Water-glass Cements, 19
Water Glass in Stereochromatic Painting, 688 Jackets, Anti-freezing Solutions for, 363 Natural and Artificial, 739 Purification, Alum Process of, 340 Spots, Priming for, 501 Stains, 784
Water Stirred Yellow, Scarlet and Colorless, 612
Water-tight Casks, 149 Glass, 373 Roofs, 373
“Water Tone” Platinum Paper, 529 to Freeze, 616 Varnish, 544
Waters, Toilet, 244
Wax, 753 Burning, Trick, 611 for Bottles, 553 for Ironing, 444 for Linoleum, 459 Paper, 505
Waxes for Floors, Furniture, etc., 754
Weather Forecasters, 756
Weatherproofing, 499 Casts, 565
Weed Killers, 262
Weights and Measures, 757 of Eggs, 284
Weiss Beer, 119
Welding Compound, 687 Powder to Weld Steel on Wrought Iron at Pale-red Heat, 761 Powders, 761
Westphalian Cheese, 177
Wheel Grease, 462
Whetstones, 761
Whipped Cream, 247, 248
White Brass, 55 Bricks, 164 Coating for Signs, etc., 490 Cosmetique, 228 Face Powder, 243 Flint Glass Containing Lead, 373 Furniture, Enamel for, 722 Glass for Ordinary Molded Bottles, 373 Glazes, 167
White-gold Plates Without Solder, 384
White Grease Paints, 229 Ink, 417 Metals, 78
White-metal Alloys, 79
White Metals Based on Copper, 79 Based on Platinum, 79 Pine and Tar Syrup, 320 Petroleum Jelly, 462 Portland Cement, 162 Rose Perfumery, 518 Shoe Dressing, 635 Solder for Silver, 434 Stamping Ink, 417 for Embroidery, 411 Vitriol, Poison, 97
Whitewash, 761 to Remove, 190
Whiting, 761
Whooping-cough Remedies, 211
Wild-cherry Balsam, 103 Extract, 321
Wiltshire Cheese, 177
Window-cleaning Compound, 208
Window Display, 762 Panes, Cleaning, 208 Opaque, to Render, 375 Perfume, 762 Polishes, 593
Windows, Frosted, 376 to Prevent Dimming of, 376
Wine Color Dye, 270
Wines and Liquors, 762 Medicinal, 771 Removal of Musty Taste, 771
Winter Beverages, 117
Wintergreen, to Distinguish Methyl Salicylate from Oil of, 771
Wire Hardening, 684 Rope, 771
Witch-hazel Creams, 238 Jelly, 228 Violet, 245
Wood, 772 Acid-proof, 9 Cements, 26 Chlorine-proofing, 9 Fillers, 773 Fireproofing, 342
Wooden Gears, 463
Wood Gilding, 580 Polishes, 598 Pulp, Fireproofing, 343 Renovators, 194, 197 Securing Metals to, 37 Stain for, 781 Substitutes for, 785 Warping, to Prevent, 781 Waterproofing, 753
Wood’s Metal, 64
Woodwork, Cleaning, 194
Wool Oil, 485 Silk, or Straw Bleaching, 120 to Clean, 273
Woorara Poison, 97
Worcestershire Sauce, 213
Working of Sheet Aluminum, 83
Worm Powder for Stock, 732
Wrapping Paper for Silverware, 506
Wrinkles, Removal of, 231, 233
Writing Inks, 414 on Glass, 376, 405 on Ivory, Glass, etc., 405 on Zinc, 405 Restoring Faded, 786
Y
Yama, 116
Yeast, 786 and Fertilizers, 339
Yellow Coloring for Beverages, 119 Dye for Cotton, 271 for Silk, 271 Hard Solders, 658 Ink, 417 Orange and Bronze Dyes, 271 Stain for Wood, 784
Ylang-Ylang Perfume, 518
Yolk of Egg as an Emulsifier, 290
York Cheese, 177
Z
Zapon, 728 for Impregnating Paper, 506 Varnishes, 728
Zinc, 49 Alloys, 80 Amalgam for Electric Batteries, 89 for Dentists’ Zinc, 163 Amalgams, Applications of, 87 Articles, Bronzing, 136 to Clean, 203 Bronzing, 137, 567 Contact Silver-plating, 589 Etching, 323 Gilding, 580
Zinc-Nickel, 80
Zinc Plates, Coppering, 573 Poison, 97 to Clean, 205
«TRANSCRIBER’S NOTE»
Original spelling and grammar are generally retained, with some exceptions noted below. Original page numbers look like this: {36}. Original italics _look like this_. Scanned page images of the original book are available from archive.org, search for _henleystwentieth00hiscrich_. Illustrations have been moved from within paragraphs to nearby locations between paragraphs. The transcriber produced the cover image, and hereby places it in the public domain. Large curly brackets “{}” intended to combine information over more than one line of text have been removed, replaced by appropriate text to retain the original meaning. Subscripts are in this simple text edition indicated by the form “_〈..〉”, as in “C_〈12〉H_〈22〉O_〈11〉”. Original small caps have been converted to uppercase.
Page 25. The phrase “add the flower” was changed to “add the flour”.
Page 27. Changed _egg_, in “Have the broken egg very clean” to _edge_.
Page 47. There’re probably a word or two missing from the phrase “Thus, in melting lead and tin together for solder, rosin or tallow is thrown upon the surface is rubbed with sal ammoniac”, which has been retained as printed.
Page 48. There may be an error in the phrase “alloys containing aluminum, magnetism, chromium”, retained as printed.
Page 81. Changed “finally elutriated graphite” to “finely elutriated graphite”.
Page 167. “Chain clay” is retained, though it may be wrong.
Page 349. A paragraph of Caution about hydrochloric acid was originally printed as an ordinary paragraph in the middle of a list of Reagents. Herein, this paragraph has been converted to a footnote, and moved below the list.
Page 409. Removed the extra _drachms;_ from “and Prussian blue, each 5 drachms; drachms;”.
Page 470. Changed _acquer_ to _lacquer_, in “with a thin spirit or zapon acquer”.
Page 502. There are evidently a word or two missing from the phrase “water, 3 ounces; 4 ounces (avoirdupois);”.
Page 506. The meaning of “allowing to settle forweeks.” is not clear.
Page 529. The scanned image of the first paragraph of page 529 was unclear in a small area. Guesswork was required.
Page 530. The phrase “pense and flat” was changed to “dense and flat”.
Page 619. In the first table on the page, the amount printed for “Rubber” was blank. In this edition, “[ ]” indicates this.
Page 624. “The crude oil [. . .] are”, changed to “The crude oil [. . .] is”.
Page 658. In the phrase "of copper will meet at 1,940°", _meet_ was changed to _melt_.
Page 700. The phrase “2 parts of tried suet” is retained.
Page 703. The sentence "Three tablespoonfuls weigh 1/4 pound." is retained. Other similar errors are retained.
Page 748. The phrase “conferring water: resisting powers” was changed to “conferring water resisting powers”
Pages 787–807. The Index as originally printed uses white space indents to combine information on multiple lines. It is sometimes obscure, and possibly inconsistent. Many of the entries indent about 7% of column width per word meant to be repeated. The entry starting with “Wood Gilding” on page 807 is an example of inconsistency: the 14% indent for the sixth line “Stain for” evidently refers back to the first line, so that “Wood Gilding,” is to be understood as repeated, but more often, it seems, the indents refer back to the line immediately preceeding.
Page 797. The link for "Lichen Removers" is changed from page 4 to page 209.