Part 28
_Street-Sellers of other Second-hand Metal Articles, as Italian and Flat Irons._
Stock-money for 20 vendors, at 5_s._ each; 20 stalls, at 3_s._ each 8 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Linen, &c._
Stock-money for 30 vendors, at 5_s._ per head 7 10 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand (burnt) Linen and Calico._
Stock-money for 80 vendors, at 10_s._ each 40 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Curtains._
Stock-money for 30 sellers, at 5_s._ each 7 10 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Carpeting, Flannels, Stocking-legs, &c._
Stock-money for 30 sellers, at 6_s._ each 9 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Bed-ticking, Sacking, Fringe, &c._
Stock-money for 30 sellers, at 4_s._ each 6 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Glass and Crockery._
6 barrows, 15_s._ each; 6 baskets, 1_s._ 6_d._ each; stock-money for 6 vendors, at 5_s._ each 6 9 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Miscellaneous Articles._
Stock-money for 5 vendors, at 15_s._ each 3 15 0
_Street-Sellers and Duffers of Second-hand Music._
Stock-money for 25 sellers, at 1_l._ each 25 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Weapons._
Stock-money for 6 vendors, at 1_l._ each 6 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Curiosities._
6 barrows, 15_s._ each; stock-money for 6 vendors, at 15_s._ per head 9 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Telescopes and Pocket-Glasses._
Stock-money for 6 vendors, at 4_l._ each 24 0 0
_Street-Sellers of other Miscellaneous Articles._
30 stalls, 5_s._ each; stock-money for 30 sellers, at 15_s._ each 30 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Men’s Second-hand Clothes._
100 linen bags, at 2_s._ each; stock-money for 100 sellers, at 15_s._ each 85 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Boots and Shoes._
10 stalls, at 3_s._ each; 30 baskets, at 2_s._ 6_d._ each; stock-money for 30 sellers, at 10_s._ each 20 5 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Hats._
30 irons, two to each man, at 2_s._ each; 60 blocks, at 1_s._ 6_d._ per block; stock-money for 15 vendors, at 10_s._ each 15 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Women’s Second-hand Apparel._
Stock-money for 50 sellers, at 10_s._ each; 50 baskets, at 2_s._ 6_d._ each 31 5 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Bonnets._
10 umbrellas, at 3_s._ each; 30 baskets, at 2_s._ 6_d._ each; stock-money for 30 sellers, at 5_s._ each 12 15 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Furs._
Stock-money for 10 vendors, at 7_s._ 6_d._ each 3 15 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Articles in Smithfield-market._
30 sellers of harness sets and collars, at an average capital of 15_s._ each; 6 sellers of saddles and pads, at 15_s._ each; 10 sellers of bits, at 3_s._ each; 6 sellers of wheel-springs and trays, at 15_s._ each; 6 sellers of boards and trestles for stalls, at 10_s._ each; 20 sellers of barrows, small carts, and trucks, at 5_l._ each; 6 sellers of goat carriages, at 3_l._ each; 6 sellers of shooting galleries and guns for ditto, and drums for costers, at 15_s._ each; 10 sellers of measures, weights, and scales, at 25_s._ each; 5 sellers of potato cans and roasted-chestnut apparatus, at 5_l._ each; 3 sellers of ginger-beer trucks, at 5_l._ each; 6 sellers of pea-soup cans and pickled-eel kettles, 15_s._ each; 2 sellers of elder-wine vessels, at 15_s._ each. Thus we find that the average number of street-sellers frequenting Smithfield-market once a week is 116, and the average capital 217 0 0 -------------- TOTAL AMOUNT OF CAPITAL BELONGING TO STREET-SELLERS OF SECOND-HAND ARTICLES 621 14 0
STREET-SELLERS OF LIVE ANIMALS.
_Street-Sellers of Dogs._
Stock-money for 20 sellers (including kennels and keep), at 5_l._ 15_s._ each seller 115 0 0
_Street-Sellers and Duffers of Birds (English)._
2400 small cages (reckoning 12 to each seller), at 6_d._ each; 1200 long cages (allowing 6 cages to each seller), at 2_s._ each; 1800 large cages (averaging 9 cages to each seller), at 2_s._ 6_d._ each. Stock-money for 200 sellers, at 20_s._ each 605 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Parrots, &c._
20 cages, at 10_s._ each; stock-money for 10 sellers, at 30_s._ each 25 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Birds’-Nests._
3 hamper baskets, at 6_d._ each 1 6
_Street-Sellers of Squirrels._
Stock-money for 20 vendors, at 10_s._ each 10 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Leverets, Wild Rabbits, &c._
6 baskets, at 2_s._ each; stock-money for 6 vendors, at 5_s._ each 2 2 0
_Street-Sellers of Gold and Silver Fish._
35 glass globes, at 2_s._ each; 35 small nets, at 6_d._ each; stock-money for 35 vendors, at 15_s._ each 30 12 6
_Street-Sellers of Tortoises._
Stock-money for 20 vendors, at 10_s._ each 25 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Snails, Frogs, Worms, Snakes, Hedgehogs, &c._
14 baskets, at 1_s._ each 14 0 -------------- TOTAL AMOUNT OF CAPITAL BELONGING TO STREET-SELLERS OF LIVE ANIMALS 798 10 0
STREET-SELLERS OF MINERAL PRODUCTIONS AND NATURAL CURIOSITIES.
_Street-Sellers of Coals._
30 two-horse vans, at 70_l._ each; 100 horses, at 20_l._ each; 100 carts, at 10_l._ each; 160 horses, at 10_l._ each; 20 donkey or pony carts, at 1_l._ each; 20 donkeys or ponies, at 1_l._ 10_s._ each; 210 sets of weights and scales, at 1_l._ 10_s._ each; stock-money for 210 vendors, at 2_l._ each 7,485 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Coke._
100 vans, at 70_l._ each; 100 horses, at 20_l._ each; 300 carts, at 10_l._ each; 300 horses, at 10_l._ each; 500 donkey-carts, at 1_l._ each; 500 donkeys, at 1_l._ each; 200 trucks and barrows, at 10_s._ each; 4800 sacks for the 100 vans, at 3_s._ 6_d._ each; 3600 sacks for the 300 carts; 3000 sacks for the 500 donkey carts; 1652 sacks for the 550 trucks and barrows; 300 sacks for the 50 women; stock-money for 1500 vendors, at 1_l._ per head 19,936 12 0
_Street-Sellers of Tan-Turf._
12 donkeys and carts, at 2_l._ each; 2 trucks, at 15_s._ each; stock-money for 14 vendors, at 10_s._ each 32 10 0
_Street-Sellers of Salt._
75 donkeys and carts, at 2_l._ 5_s._ each; 75 barrows, at 10_s._ each; stock-money for 150 vendors, at 6_s._ each 251 5 0
_Street-Sellers of Sand._
20 horses, at 10_l._ each; 20 carts, at 3_l._ each; 60 baskets, at 2_s._ each; wages of 30 men, at 3_s._ per day for each; expenses for keep of 20 horses, at 10_s._ per head; estimated stock-money for 30 sellers, at 5_s._ each; 40 barrows, at 15_s._ each; stock-money for the barrow-men, at 1_s._ 6_d._ each 320 5 0
_Street-Sellers of Shells._
Stock-money for 70 vendors, at 5_s._ each 17 10 0 ----------------- TOTAL CAPITAL BELONGING TO STREET-SELLERS OF MINERAL PRODUCTIONS, ETC. 28,043 2 0
_River-Sellers of Purl._
35 boats, at 4_l._ 10_s._ each; 35 sets of measures, at 5_s._ the set; 35 warming pots, at 1_s._ 6_d._ each; 35 fire-stoves, at 5_s._ each; 35 gallon cans, at 2_s._ 6_d._ each; 70 “pins” of beer, at 4_s._ per “pin;” 35 quarts of gin, at 2_s._ 6_d._ the quart; 35 licences, at 3_s._ 6_d._; stock-money for spice, &c., at 1_s._ each 208 5 0
Hence it would appear that the gross amount of property belonging to the street-sellers may be reckoned as follows:--
Value of stock-in-trade belonging to costermongers 25,000 0 0
Ditto street-sellers of green-stuff 149 0 0
Ditto street-sellers of eatables and drinkables 9,000 0 0
Ditto street-sellers of stationery, literature, and the fine arts 400 0 0
Ditto street-sellers of manufactured articles 2,800 0 0
Ditto street-sellers of second-hand articles 621 14 0
Ditto street-sellers of live animals 798 10 0
Ditto street-sellers of mineral productions, &c. 28,043 2 0
Ditto river-sellers of purl 208 5 0 ---------------- TOTAL AMOUNT OF CAPITAL BELONGING TO THE LONDON STREET-SELLERS 67,023 11 0
The gross value of the stock in trade of the London street-sellers may then be estimated at about 60,000_l._
INCOME, OR “TAKINGS,” OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF SECOND-HAND ARTICLES.
We have now to estimate the receipts of each of the above-mentioned classes.
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Metal Wares._
I was told by several in this trade £ _s._ _d._ that there were 200 old metal sellers in the streets, but, from the best information at my command, not more than 50 appear to be strictly _street_-sellers, unconnected with shopkeeping. Estimating a weekly receipt, per individual, of 15_s._ (half being profit), the yearly street outlay among this body amounts to 1,950 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Metal-Trays, &c._
Calculating that 20 persons take in the one or two nights’ sale 4_s._ a week each, on second-hand trays (33 per cent. being the rate of profit), the street expenditure amounts yearly to 208 0 0
_Street-Sellers of other Second-hand Metal Articles, as Italian and Flat Irons, &c._
There are, I am informed, 20 persons selling Italian and flat irons regularly throughout the year in the streets of London; each takes upon an average 6s. weekly, which gives an annual expenditure of upwards of 312 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Linen, &c._
There are at present 30 men and women who sell towelling and canvas wrappers in the streets on Saturday and Monday nights, each taking in the sale of those articles 9_s._ per week, thus giving an annual outlay of 702 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand (burnt) Linen and Calico._
The most intelligent man whom I met with in this trade calculated that there were 80 of these second-hand street-folk plying their trade two nights in the week; and that they took 8_s._ each weekly, about half of it being profit; thus the annual street expenditure would be 1,664 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Curtains._
From the best data at my command there are 30 individuals who are engaged in the street-sale of second-hand curtains, and reckoning the weekly takings of each to be 5_s._, we find the yearly sum spent in the streets upon second-hand curtains amounts to 390 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Carpeting, Flannels, Stocking-legs, &c._
I am informed that the same persons selling curtains sell also second-hand carpeting, &c.; their weekly average takings appear to be about 6_s._ each in the sale of the above articles, thus we have a yearly outlay of 468 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Bed-ticking, Sacking, Fringe, &c._
The street-sellers of curtains, carpeting, &c., of whom there are 30, are also the street-sellers of bed-ticking, sacking, fringe, &c. Their weekly takings for the sale of these articles amount to 4_s._ each. Hence we find that the sum spent yearly in the streets upon the purchase of bed-ticking, &c., amounts to 312 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Glass and Crockery._
Calculating that each of the six dealers takes 12_s._ weekly, with a profit of 6_s._ or 7_s._, we find there is annually expended in this department of street-commerce 187 4 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Miscellaneous Articles._
From the best data I have been able to obtain, it appears that there are five street-sellers engaged in the sale of these second-hand articles of amusement, and the receipts of the whole are 10_l._ weekly, about half being profit, thus giving a yearly expenditure of 520 0 0
_Street-Sellers and Duffers of Second-hand Music._
A broker who was engaged in this traffic estimated--and an intelligent street-seller agreed in the computation--that, take the year through, at least 25 individuals are regularly, but few of them fully, occupied with this traffic, and that their weekly takings average 30_s._ each, or an aggregate yearly amount of 1950_l._ The weekly profits run from 10_s._ to 15_s._, and sometimes the well-known dealers clear 40_s._ or 50_s._ a week, while others do not take 5_s._ 1,950 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Weapons._
In this traffic it may be estimated, I am assured, that there are 20 men engaged, each taking, as an average, 1_l._ a week. In some weeks a man may take 5_l._; in the next month he may sell no weapons at all. From 30 to 50 per cent. is the usual rate of profit, and the yearly street outlay on these second-hand offensive or defensive weapons is 1,040 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Curiosities._
There are not now more than six men who carry on this trade apart from other commerce. Their average takings are 15_s._ weekly each man, about two-thirds being profit, or yearly 234 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Telescopes and Pocket-Glasses._
There are only six men at present engaged in the sale of telescopes and pocket-glasses, and their weekly average takings are 30_s._ each, giving a yearly expenditure in the streets of 468 0 0
_Street-Sellers of other Second-hand Miscellaneous Articles._
If we reckon that there are 30 street-sellers carrying on a traffic in second-hand miscellaneous articles, and that each takes 10_s._ weekly, we find the annual outlay in the streets upon these articles amounts to 780 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Men’s Second-hand Clothes._
The street-sale of men’s second-hand wearing apparel is carried on principally by the Irish and others. From the best information I can gather, there appear to be upwards of 1200 old clothes men buying left-off apparel in the metropolis, one-third of whom are Irish. There are, however, not more than 100 of these who sell in the streets the articles they collect; the average-takings of each of the sellers are about 20_s._ weekly, their trading being chiefly on the Saturday nights and Sunday mornings. Their profits are from 50 to 60 per cent. Estimating the number of sellers at 100, and their weekly takings at 20_s._ each, we have an annual expenditure of 5,200 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Boots and Shoes._
There are at present about 30 individuals engaged in the street-sale of second-hand boots and shoes of all kinds; some take as much as 30_s._ weekly, while others do not take more than half that amount; their profits being about 50 per cent. Reckoning that the weekly average takings are 20_s._ each, we have a yearly expenditure on second-hand boots and shoes of 1,560 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Hats._
Throughout the year there are not more than 15 men constantly “working” this branch of street-traffic. The average weekly gains of each are about 10_s._, and in order to clear that sum they must take 20_s._ Hence the gross gains of the class will be 390_l._ per annum, while the sum yearly expended in the streets upon second-hand hats will amount altogether to 780 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Women’s Second-hand Apparel._
The number of persons engaged in the street-sale of women’s second-hand apparel is about 50, each of whom take, upon an average, 15_s._ per week; one-half of this is clear gain. Thus we find the annual outlay in the streets upon women’s second-hand apparel is no less than 1,950 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Bonnets._
There are at present 30 persons (nearly one-half of whom are milliners, and the others street-sellers) who sell second-hand straw and other bonnets; some of these are placed in an umbrella turned upside down, while others are spread upon a wrapper on the stones. The average takings of this class of street-sellers are about 12_s._ each per week, and their clear gains not more than one-half, thus giving a yearly expenditure of 936 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Furs._
During five months of the year there are as many as 8 or 12 persons who sell furs in the street-markets on Saturday nights, Sunday mornings, and Monday nights. The weekly average takings of each is about 12_s._, nearly three-fourths of which is clear profit. Reckoning that 10 individuals are engaged 20 weeks during the year, and that each of these takes weekly 12_s._, we find the sum annually expended in the streets on furs amounts to 120 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Second-hand Articles in Smithfield-market._
I am informed, by those who are in a position to know, that there are sold on an average every year in Smithfield-market about 624 sets of harness, at 14_s._ per set; 1560 collars, at 2_s._ each; 686 pads, at 1_s._ each; 1560 saddles, at 5_s._ each; 936 bits, at 6_d._ each; 520 pair of wheels, at 10_s._ per pair; 624 pair of springs, at 8_s._ 4_d._ per pair; 832 pair of trestles, at 2_s._ 6_d._ per pair; 520 boards, at 4_s._ each; 1820 barrows, at 25_s._ each; 312 trucks, at 50_s._ each; 208 trays, at 1_s._ 3_d._ each; 1040 small carts, at 63_s._ each; 156 goat-carriages, at 20_s._ each; 520 shooting-galleries, at 14_s._ each; 312 guns for shooting-galleries, at 10_s._ each; 1040 drums for costers, at 3_s._ each; 2080 measures, at 3_d._ each; 2080 pair of large scales, at 5_s._ per pair; 2080 pair of hand-scales, at 5_d._ per pair; 30 roasted chestnut-apparatus, at 20_s._ each; 100 ginger-beer trucks, at 30_s._ each; 20 eel-kettles, at 5_s._ each; 100 potato-cans, at 17_s._ each; 10 pea-soup cans, at 5_s._ each; 40 elderwine vessels, at 8_s._ each; giving a yearly expenditure of 10,242 3 8 ----------------- TOTAL SUM OF MONEY ANNUALLY TAKEN BY THE STREET-SELLERS OF SECOND-HAND ARTICLES 33,461 1 4
STREET-SELLERS OF LIVE ANIMALS.
_Street-Sellers of Dogs (Fancy Pets)._
From the best data it appears that each hawker sells “four or five occasionally in one week in the summer, when trade’s brisk and days are long, and only two or three the next week, when trade may be flat, and during each week in winter, when there isn’t the same chance.” Calculating, then, that seven dogs are sold by each hawker in a fortnight, at an average price of 50_s._ each (many fetch 3_l._, 4_l._, and 5_l._), and supposing that but 20 men are trading in this line the year through, we find that no less a sum is yearly expended in this street-trade than 9,100 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Sporting Dogs._
The amount “turned over” in the trade in sporting dogs yearly, in London, is computed by the best informed at about 12,000 0 0
_Street-Sellers and Duffers of Live Birds. (English)._
There are in the metropolis 200 street-sellers of English birds, who may be said to sell among them 7000 linnets, at 3_d._ each; 3000 bullfinches, at 2_s._ 6_d._ each; 400 piping bullfinches, at 63_s._ each; 7000 goldfinches, at 9_d._ each; 1500 chaffinches, at 2_s._ 6_d._ each; 700 greenfinches, at 3_d._ each; 6000 larks, at 1_s._ each; 200 nightingales, at 1_s._ each; 600 redbreasts, at 1_s._ each; 3500 thrushes and thrustles, at 2_s._ 6_d._ each; 1400 blackbirds, at 2_s._ 6_d._ each; 1000 canaries, at 1_s._ each; 10,000 sparrows, at 1_d._ each; 1500 starlings, at 1_s._ 6_d._ each; 500 magpies and jackdaws, at 9_d._ each; 300 redpoles, at 9_d._ each; 150 blackcaps, at 4_d._ each; 2000 “duffed” birds, at 2_s._ 6_d._ each. Thus making the sum annually expended in the purchase of birds in the streets, amount to 3,624 12 2
_Street-Sellers of Parrots, &c._
The number of individuals at present hawking parrots and other foreign birds in the streets is 10, who sell among them during the year about 500 birds. Reckoning each bird to sell at 1_l._, we find the annual outlay upon parrots bought in the streets to be 500_l._; adding to this the sale of 110 Java sparrows and St. Helena birds, as Wax-bills and Red-beaks at 1_s._ 6_d._ each, we have for the sum yearly expended in the streets on the sale of foreign birds 508 5 0
_Street-Sellers of Birds’-Nests._
There are at present only three persons hawking birds’-nests, &c., in the streets during the season, which lasts from May to August; these street-sellers sell among them 400 nests, at 2-1/2_d._ each; 144 snakes, at 1_s._ 6_d._ each; 4 hedgehogs, at 1_s._ each; and about 2_s._’s worth of snails. This makes the weekly income of each amount to about 8_s._ 6_d._ during a period of 12 weeks in the summer, and the sum annually expended on these articles to come to 15 6 0
_Street-Sellers of Squirrels._
For five months of the year there are 20 men selling squirrels in the streets, at from 20 to 50 per cent. profit, and averaging a weekly sale of six each. The average price is from 2_s._ to 2_s._ 6_d._ Thus 2400 squirrels are vended yearly in the streets, at a cost to the public of 240 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Leverets, Wild Rabbits, &c._
During the year there are about six individuals exposing for sale in the streets young hares and wild rabbits. These persons sell among them 300 leverets, at 1_s._ 6_d._ each; and 400 young wild-rabbits, at 4_d._ each, giving a yearly outlay of 29 3 4
_Street-Sellers of Gold and Silver Fish._
If we calculate, in order to allow for the cessation of the trade during the winter, and often in the summer when costermongering is at its best, that but 35 gold-fish sellers hawk in the streets and that for but half a year, each selling six dozen weekly, at 12_s._ the dozen, we find 65,520 fish sold, at an outlay of 3,276 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Tortoises._
Estimating the number of individuals selling tortoises to be 20, and the number of tortoises sold to be 10,000, at an average price of 8_d._ each, we find there is expended yearly upon these creatures upwards of 333 6 8
_Street-Sellers of Snails, Frogs, &c._
There are 14 snail gatherers, and they, on an average, gather six dozen quarts each in a year, which supplies a total of 12,096 quarts of snails. The labourers in the gardens, I am informed, gather somewhat more than an equal quantity, the greater part being sold to the bird-shops; so that altogether the supply of snails for the caged thrushes and blackbirds of London is about two millions and a half. Computing them at 24,000 quarts, and at 2_d._ a quart, the annual outlay is 200_l._ Besides snails, there are collected annually 500 frogs and 18 toads, at 1_d._ each, giving a yearly expenditure of 202 3 2
TOTAL, OR GROSS “TAKINGS,” OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF LIVE ANIMALS 23,868 16 4
INCOME, OR “TAKINGS,” OF THE STREET-SELLERS OF MINERAL PRODUCTIONS AND NATURAL CURIOSITIES.
_Street-Sellers of Coals._
The number of individuals engaged in the street-sale of coals is 210; these distribute 2940 tons of coals weekly, giving an annual trade of 152,880 tons, at 1_l._ per ton, and consequently a yearly expenditure by the poor of 152,880 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Coke._
The number of individuals engaged in the street-sale of coke is 1500; and the total quantity of coke sold annually in the streets is computed at about 1,400,000 chaldrons. These are purchased at the gas factories at an average price of 8_s._ per chaldron. Reckoning that this is sold at 4_s._ per chaldron for profit, we find that the total gains of the whole class amount to 280,000_l._ per annum, and their gross annual takings to 840,000 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Tan-Turf._
The number of tan-turf sellers in the metropolis is estimated at 14; each of these dispose of, upon an average, 20,000 per week, during the year; selling them at 1_s._ per hundred, and realizing a profit of 4-1/2_d._ for each hundred. This makes the annual outlay in the street-sale of the above article amount to 7,280 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Salt._
There are at present 150 individuals hawking salt in the several streets of London; each of these pay at the rate of 2_s._ per cwt. for the salt, and retail it at 3 lbs. for 1_d._, which leaves 1_s._ 1_d._ profit on every cwt. One day with another, wet and dry, each of the street-sellers disposes of about 2-1/2 cwt., or 18 tons 15 cwt. per day for all hands, and this, deducting Sundays, makes 5868 tons 15 cwt. in the course of the year. The profit of 1_s._ 1_d._ per cwt. amounts to a yearly aggregate profit of 6357_l._ 16_s._ 3_d._, or about 42_l._ per annum for each person in the trade; while the sum annually expended upon this article in the streets amounts to 18,095 6 3
_Street-Sellers of Sand._
Calculating the sale at a load of sand per day, for each horse and cart, at 21_s._ per load, we find the sum annually expended in house-sand to be 6573_l._; adding to this the sum of 234_l._ spent yearly in bird-sand, the total street-expenditure is 6,807 0 0
_Street-Sellers of Shells._