Part 78

---------------------------------+------------------------------------------------- |No. of Operative |Rubbish-Carting. | | |No. of Shovellers | |working in Gangs. | | | | |Quantity of Rubbish | | |carted Daily. | | | | | | |Quantity of Rubbish | | | |carted Annually. | | | | | | | | |No. of days in the | | | | |week each Operative Master Rubbish | | | | |is employed at Carters. | | | | |Rubbish-Carting. | | | | | | | | | | |No. of weeks during | | | | | |the year each Operative | | | | | |is engaged in | | | | | |Removing Rubbish. | | | | | | | | | | | | |Weekly Wages of | | | | | | |Rubbish-Carters. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |Weekly Wages of | | | | | | | |the Operatives | | | | | | | |working in Gangs | | | | | | | |at Rubbish-Carting. ---------------------------------+---+--+----+------+--+---+----+------------------- | | |lds.|loads.| | |_s._|_s._ { Mr. J. Bird | 5 |..| 15 | 2340 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Hough | 3 |..| 9 | 1404 | 6| 26| 18 | .. _Kensington._ { -- Dubbins | 3 |..| 9 | 1404 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Taylor | 3 |..| 12 | 1872 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Gale | 3 |..| 12 | 1872 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- G. Bird |10 |..| 20 | 3120 | 6| 26| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Nicholls |10 |..| 20 | 3120 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Emmerson | 5 |..| 15 | 2340 | 6| 26| 18 | .. _Chelsea._ { -- Freeman | 5 |..| 15 | 2340 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Pattison | 2 |..| 6 | 936 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Porter | 6 |..| 18 | 2808 | 6| 26| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Rawlins | 4 |..| 16 | 1248 | 6| 13| 18 | .. _St. George’s, { -- Wells | 2 |..| 8 | 624 | 6| 13| 18 | .. Hanover-sq._ { -- Watkins | 5 |..| 15 | 1170 | 6| 13| 18 | .. { -- Liddiard | 5 |..| 15 | 1170 | 6| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Farmer | 4 |..| 16 | 1920 | 6| 20| 18 | .. _Westminster._ { -- Bugbee | 6 | 4| 30 | 2340 | 6| 13| 18 | 18 { -- Reddin | 6 | 4| 30 | 2340 | 6| 13| 18 | 18 { -- Francis | 5 |..| 20 | 3120 | 6| 26| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Chadwick | 3 |..| 15 | 2340 | 6| 26| 18 | .. _Westminster { -- Francis | 5 |..| 20 | 3120 | 6| 26| 18 | .. Improvements._ { -- Farmer | 5 |..| 20 | 3120 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Duggan | 8 |..| 40 | 6240 | 6| 26| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- T. Cooper | 3 | 3| 24 | 1872 | 6| 13| 18 | 20 _St. Martin’s._ { -- Wall | 2 | 2| 16 | 1248 | 6| 13| 18 | 20 { -- Duggan | 4 |..| 16 | 1248 | 6| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | _St. James’s, { -- Nicolls | 5 |..| 20 | 1560 | 6| 13| 18 | .. Westminster._ { -- Wells | 2 |..| 8 | 624 | 6| 13| 18 | .. { -- Watkins | 5 |..| 15 | 810 | 6| 9| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Freeman | 3 |..| 12 | 2808 | 6| 39| 18 | .. { -- Curmock | 4 |..| 16 | 2496 | 6| 26| 18 | .. _Mary-le-bone._{ -- Nicolls | 8 |..| 24 | 1872 | 3| 26| 18 | .. { -- Watkins |10 |..| 40 | 4160 | 4| 26| 18 | .. { -- Perkins | 5 |..| 20 | 3120 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Culverwell | 5 |..| 20 | 3120 | 6| 26| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Rutty | 3 |..| 12 | 360 | 5| 6| 18 | .. _West London._ { -- Kitchener | 3 |..| 15 | 360 | 6| 4| 18 | .. { -- Wickham | 3 |..| 12 | 240 | 5| 4| 18 | .. { -- Porter | 4 |..| 16 | 864 | 6| 9| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Crook | 3 |..| 6 | 468 | 6| 13| 18 | .. { -- M’Carthy | 6 |..| 30 | 4680 | 6| 26| 20 | .. _West London { -- Reddin | 5 |..| 25 | 3900 | 6| 26| 18 | .. Improvements._ { -- Rooke | 6 |..| 30 | 4680 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Bugbee | 5 |..| 25 | 3900 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Chadwick | 5 |..| 25 | 3900 | 6| 26| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Bateman | 3 |..| 12 | 288 | 6| 4| 18 | .. _London { -- Tame | 4 |..| 12 | 216 | 6| 3| 18 | .. City._ { -- Walker | 2 |..| 8 | 144 | 6| 3| 18 | .. { -- Harmadu | 3 |..| 9 | 216 | 6| 4| 18 | .. { -- Bindy | 2 |..| 6 | 72 | 3| 4| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | _London City { -- Duggan |10 |..| 50 | 7800 | 6| 26| 16 | .. Improvements._ { -- Bugbee |20 |..|100 |15600 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Gould |10 |..| 50 | 7800 | 6| 26| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Booth | 5 |..| 20 | 360 | 3| 6| 18 | .. _Shoreditch._ { -- Styles | 2 |..| 8 | 96 | 3| 4| 18 | .. { -- Wood | 5 |..| 20 | 780 | 3| 13| 18 | .. { -- Gould | 5 |..| 20 | 1560 | 6| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Calvert | 2 |..| 8 | 240 | 3| 10| 15 | .. _Bethnal { -- Newman | 2 |..| 6 | 234 | 3| 13| 16 | .. Green._ { -- Rooke | 4 |..| 16 | 624 | 3| 13| 18 | .. { -- Tilley | 3 |..| 12 | 936 | 6| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Newman | 3 |..| 9 | 216 | 3| 8| 16 | .. _Whitechapel._ { -- Tomkins | 2 |..| 6 | 234 | 3| 13| 18 | .. { -- Abbott | 2 |..| 6 | 90 | 3| 5| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Clarke | 6 |..| 18 | 360 | 4| 5| 16 | .. _St. George’s { -- Calvert | 4 |..| 16 | 192 | 3| 4| 15 | .. in the East._ { -- Newman | 3 |..| 12 | 216 | 3| 6| 16 | .. { -- Tomkins | 2 |..| 6 | 108 | 3| 6| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Abbott | 6 |..| 18 | 432 | 3| 8| 18 | .. _Stepney._ { -- Newman | 4 |..| 16 | 288 | 3| 6| 16 | .. { -- Potter | 3 |..| 12 | 180 | 3| 5| 16 | .. { -- Church | 3 |..| 12 | 216 | 3| 6| 15 | ..

{ -- Curmock | 3 |..| 12 | 936 | 6| 13| 18 | .. _Paddington._ { -- Tame | 6 |..| 18 | 432 | 3| 8| 18 | .. { -- Humphries | 6 |..| 18 | 702 | 3| 13| 16 | .. { -- Nicolls | 3 |..| 12 | 268 | 3| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Seal & | | | | | | | | { Jackson | 2 |..| 6 | 936 | 6| 26| 20 | .. _Hampstead._ { -- Kirtland | 1 |..| 3 | 468 | 6| 26| 20 | .. { -- Hingston | 1 |..| 3 | 117 | 3| 13| 20 | .. { -- Batterbury | 1 |..| 3 | 117 | 3| 13| 20 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Smith | 2 |..| 8 | 384 | 4| 12| 18 | .. { -- Perkins | 8 |..| 24 | 1872 | 6| 13| 18 | .. _St. Pancras._ { -- Reddin | 6 |..| 24 | 2304 | 6| 16| 18 | .. { -- Jay | 6 |..| 24 | 2304 | 6| 16| 18 | .. { -- M. Rose | 3 |..| 12 | 468 | 3| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Eldred | 4 |..| 20 | 1920 | 6| 16| 16 | .. _Islington._ { -- Croot | 3 |..| 12 | 936 | 6| 13| 16 | .. { -- Speller | 2 |..| 8 | 288 | 6| 6| 16 | .. { -- J. Rose | 5 |..| 20 | 1560 | 6| 13| 16 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Piper | 3 |..| 9 | 702 | 6| 13| 18 | .. _Hackney._ { -- Rumball | 6 |..| 18 | 2808 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Booth | 5 |..| 15 | 1170 | 6| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Duggan | 3 |..| 12 | 936 | 6| 13| 16 | .. { -- Freeman | 4 |..| 16 | 624 | 3| 13| 18 | .. _St. Giles’s._ { -- Bugbee | 2 |..| 8 | 768 | 6| 16| 18 | .. { -- Wall | 2 |..| 8 | 288 | 6| 6| 19 | .. { -- Mildwater | 2 |..| 6 | 180 | 6| 5| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Reddin |10 |..| 50 | 3900 | 6| 13| 18 | .. _St. Giles’s { -- Bugbee |10 |..| 50 | 3900 | 6| 13| 18 | .. Improvements._ { -- North | 3 |..| 12 | 432 | 6| 6| 18 | .. { -- Nicolls | 5 |..| 20 | 1560 | 6| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Piper | 4 |..| 16 | 384 | 6| 4 | 18 | .. _Strand._ { -- Reddin | 5 |..| 20 | 480 | 6| 4 | 18 | .. { -- Ellis | 3 |..| 12 | 180 | 3| 5 | 18 | .. { -- Cooper | 3 |..| 12 | 108 | 3| 3 | 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Lovell | 2 |..| 8 | 312 | 3| 13| 18 | .. _Holborn._ { -- M’Carthy | 6 |..| 24 | 1872 | 6| 13| 18 | .. { -- Wells | 3 |..| 12 | 468 | 3| 13| 18 | .. { -- Ellis | 3 |..| 12 | 324 | 3| 9| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | _Holborn { -- Reddin |20 |..| 80 | 6240 | 6| 13| 18 | .. and New { -- Bugbee |10 |..| 40 | 3120 | 6| 13| 18 | .. Oxford-street { -- Nicolls | 5 |..| 20 | 480 | 3| 8| 18 | .. Improvements._ { -- Ellis | 6 |..| 24 | 936 | 3| 13| 18 | .. { -- T. Brown | 3 |..| 12 | 624 | 4| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Wood | 4 |..| 16 | 576 | 6| 6| 18 | .. { -- Johnstone | 3 |..| 15 | 360 | 6| 4| 17 | .. _Clerkenwell._ { -- Clarkson | 6 |..| 24 | 432 | 6| 3| 16 | .. { -- North | 3 |..| 12 | 144 | 3| 4| 18 | .. { -- J. Brown | 2 |..| 6 | 180 | 6| 5| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Rhodes | 5 |..| 20 | 500 | 5| 5| 18 | .. _St. Luke’s._ { -- Wood | 5 |..| 20 | 360 | 3| 6| 18 | .. { -- Dodd | 5 |..| 20 | 1200 | 6| 10| 16 | .. { -- Gould |10 |..| 30 | 2340 | 6| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Pratt & | | | | | | | | { Sewell | 3 |..| 9 | 351 | 3| 13| 18 | .. _East London._ { -- Tomkins | 2 |..| 6 | 234 | 3| 13| 18 | .. { -- Crook | 2 |..| 6 | 234 | 3| 13| 18 | .. { -- Abbott | 2 |..| 8 | 384 | 6| 8| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Pine | 3 |..| 12 | 324 | 3| 9| 18 | .. { -- Monk | 3 |..| 12 | 780 | 5| 13| 18 | .. _Poplar._ { -- Tingey | 2 |..| 8 | 240 | 3| 10| 18 | .. { -- Gabriel | 4 |..| 16 | 624 | 3| 13| 18 | .. { -- Jones | 3 |..| 12 | 192 | 4| 4| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | _St. George’s,_{ -- Reddin |10 |..| 40 | 3120 | 6| 13| 18 | .. { -- G. Whitten | 2 |..| 10 | 780 | 6| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | _St. Olave’s,_ { -- Webbon | 3 |..| 12 | 936 | 6| 13| 18 | .. { -- Reddin |10 |..| 40 | 3120 | 6| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | _St. { -- Bugbee | 2 |..| 6 | 72 | 3| 4| 18 | .. Saviour’s, { -- Ryder | 2 |..| 6 | 72 | 3| 4| 18 | .. Southwark._ { -- Wright | 1 |..| 3 | 36 | 3| 4| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Peake | 5 |..| 20 | 3120 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Duckett |12 |..| 36 | 5616 | 6| 26| 18 | .. _Bermondsey._ { -- Elworthy | 8 |..| 24 | 3744 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Slee | 5 |..| 20 | 3120 | 6| 26| 18 | .. { -- Adams | 4 | 2| 20 | 4680 | 6| 39| 18 | 18 | | | | | | | | { -- Gutteris | 3 |..| 9 | 270 | 6| 5| 18 | .. _Newington._ { -- Crawley | 2 |..| 8 | 256 | 4| 8| 18 | .. { -- Martainbody| 6 |..| 24 | 960 | 4| 10| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Nicholson | 5 |..| 15 | 1170 | 6| 13| 17 | .. _Wandsworth._ { -- Mears | 3 |..| 6 | 468 | 6| 13| 17 | .. { -- Parsons | 4 |..| 16 | 864 | 6| 9| 17 | .. { -- Easton | 3 |..| 15 | 720 | 6| 8| 17 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- J. Whitton |10 |..| 40 | 2080 | 4| 13| 19 | .. _Lambeth._ { -- G. Whitton | 8 |..| 24 | 1248 | 4| 13| 19 | .. { -- Kenning | 2 |..| 10 | 390 | 3| 13| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Hook | 6 |..| 18 | 540 | 3| 10| 18 | .. { -- Michel | 2 |..| 8 | 384 | 6| 8| 18 | .. _Camberwell._ { -- Marsland | 2 |..| 8 | 128 | 4| 4| 18 | .. { -- Walton | 2 |..| 6 | 144 | 4| 6| 18 | .. { -- Evans | 1 |..| 3 | 90 | 6| 5| 18 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Walker |10 |..| 30 | 3240 | 6| 18| 15 | .. { -- Brown | 8 |..| 24 | 936 | 3| 13| 18 | .. _Rotherhithe._ { -- Hobman | 2 |..| 36 | 1404 | 3| 13| 18 | .. { -- East | 6 |..| 18 | 702 | 3| 13| 18 | .. { -- Stevens | 5 |..| 20 | 1560 | 6| 13| 15 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Jeffry | 2 |..| 10 | 600 | 6| 10| 15 | .. _Greenwich._ { -- Turtle | 5 |..| 15 | 720 | 6| 8| 14 | .. { -- Hiscock | 2 |..| 6 | 432 | 6| 12| 17 | .. { -- Allen | 2 |..| 10 | 780 | 6| 13| 12 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Connall | 5 |..| 10 | 1560 | 6| 26| 16 | .. { -- Waller | 3 |..| 6 | 468 | 6| 13| 15 | .. { -- Miller | 6 |..| 12 | 936 | 6| 13| 15 | .. { -- Fuller | 8 |..| 16 | 960 | 6| 10| 15 | .. _Woolwich._ { -- Barnes | 4 |..| 12 | 648 | 6| 9| 15 | .. { -- Sharpe |12 |..| 36 | 1404 | 3| 13| 15 | .. { -- Taylor | 8 |..| 24 | 2016 | 6| 14| 15 | .. { -- Ginno | 5 |..| 20 | 780 | 3| 13| 15 | .. { -- Millard | 4 |..| 10 | 390 | 3| 13| 15 | .. { -- Graham | 3 |..| 9 | 270 | 3| 10| 15 | .. | | | | | | | | { -- Peakes | 5 |..| 15 | 810 | 6| 9| 15 | .. _Lewisham._ { -- Wellard | 3 |..| 12 | 936 | 6| 13| 15 | .. { -- Fleckell | 6 |..| 18 | 1404 | 6| 13| 15 | .. { -- Hollis | 4 |..| 12 | 288 | 3| 8| 15 | .. ----------------+---+--+----+------+--+---+----+---- Total |840|15|3134|259831| | | |

The rubbish-carters are _paid by week_, 18_s._ to 20_s._ being the weekly amount; and by _the load_, which is indeed piece-work. The payment to the operatives by the load varies from 6_d._ to 1_s._ 6_d._, for it is necessarily regulated by the distance to be traversed. If the rubbish have to be carted a mile to its destination--or, as the men call it, to “the shoot”--of course it is to be so conveyed at a proportionally lower rate than if it had to be driven two or three miles. The employment of men by the load, however, becomes less every year, and the reason, I am assured, is this:--The great stress of the labour falls upon the horse. If the animal be strong and manageable, a man, for the sake of conveying an extra load a day, might overtax its powers, injure it gradually, and deteriorate its strength and its value. The operative carters, on their part, have complained that sometimes even “good” employers have set them to work by the load with “hard old horses,” which no management could get out of their slow, long-accustomed pace. Thus a man might clear by the piece-work but 1_s._ 6_d._ a day, with a horse not worth 15_l._; while another carter, with a superior animal worth twice as much, might clear 3_s._ or 3_s._ 6_d._ Some “hard” masters, I was informed, liked these old horses, because they were bought cheap, and though they brought in less than superior animals they were easier kept; while if less were earned by the piece-work with such horses, less was paid in wages; and if the horse broke its leg, or was killed, or injured, it was more easily replaced. This mode of employment is, as I have said, less and less carried into effect; but it is still one of the ways in which a working carter may be made a sufferer, because a principal accessary of his work--the horse--may not be capable of the requisite exertion.

_The nominal wages_ of the rubbish-carters in the best employ are from 18_s._ to 20_s._ a week; in the worse-paid trade 15_s._ is the more general price; but even as little as 12_s._ is given by some masters.

_The actual wages_ are the same as the nominal in the honourable trade, with the addition of perquisites in beer to the men of from 1_s._ to 2_s._ weekly, and of “findings,” especially to the carmen, of an amount I could not ascertain, but perhaps realizing 6_d._ a week. One carman put all he found on one side to buy new year’s clothes for his children, and on new year’s eve last year he had 48_s._ 0-1/2_d._, “money, and what brought money;” but this is far from an usual case.